junk-yard n : bãi ph li uế liệu ệc phun IV.. inedible aạt được, giành được ạt được, giành được : không th ăn để đạt được ược, giành đượcc 39.. Adverbial clauses of condition M nh đ tr ng
Trang 1Đ C Ề CƯƠNG TIẾNG ANH 9 HK2 ƯƠNG TIẾNG ANH 9 HK2 NG TI NG ANH 9 HK2 ẾNG ANH 9 HK2 UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
I GETTING STARTED
1 spraying pesticides (n): vi c phun ệc phun -» garbage dump (n) : bãi rác
thu c tr sâu ốc trừ sâu ừ sâu 3 deforestation (n) : s phá r ngự phá rừng ừ sâu -» to spray (v) : phun, x t ịt -» deforest (v) : phá r ngừ sâu
2 garbage (n) = rubbish (n) = trash (n): rác 4 dynamite fishing (n) : vi c đánh b t cáệc phun ắt cá
-» garbage bin (n) : thùng rác b ng thu c nằng thuốc nổ ốc trừ sâu ổ
II LISTEN AND READ
5 disappointed (a) : th t v ng ất vọng ọng environmentalist (n) : nhà môi trường họcng h cọng
-» disappointing (a) : gây chán n n ản 8 to conserve (v) : b o t n, gi gìnản ồn, giữ gìn ữ gìn
-» to disappoint (v) : làm th t v ng, n n ất vọng ọng ản -» conservation (n) : s b o t nự phá rừng ản ồn, giữ gìn
-» disappointment (n): s chán n n, th tự phá rừng ản ất vọng -» conservationist (n) : ngường học ản i b o v môiệc phun
6 to spoil (v) : phá h ng ỏng 9 to achieve (v) : đ t đạt được, giành được ược, giành đượcc, giành được, giành đượcc
7 environment (n) : môi trường họcng -» achievement (n) : thành t uự phá rừng
-» environmental (a) : thu c v môi trộc về môi trường ề môi trường ường họcng -» achievable (a) : có
th đ t để đạt được ạt được, giành được ược, giành đượcc
III SPEAK
10 to wrap (v) : gói, bao ph ủ -» reduction (n) : s gi m giá, gi m b tự phá rừng ản ản ớt
11 to protect (v) : b o v , che ch ản ệc phun ở 14 amount (n) : s lốc trừ sâu ược, giành đượcng
-» protection (n) : s b o v ự phá rừng ản ệc phun 15 ocean (n) : đ i dạt được, giành được ươngng
12 to prevent sb from doing sth (v): -» oceanic (a) : thu c đ i dộc về môi trường ạt được, giành được ươngng
ngăn c n ai làm gì ản 16 sewage (n) : nướtc th i, ch t th iản ất vọng ản -» prevention (n) : s ngăn c n ự phá rừng ản -» sewerage (n) : h th ng c ng rãnhệc phun ốc trừ sâu ốc trừ sâu
13 to reduce (v) : làm gi m ản 17 junk-yard (n) : bãi ph li uế liệu ệc phun
IV LISTEN
18 to litter (v) : v t b a ứt bừa ừ sâu 26 to float (v) : n i, trôi l nh b nhổ ề môi trường ề môi trường
19 to fine (v, n) : ph t ti n / ti n ph t ạt được, giành được ề môi trường ề môi trường ạt được, giành được 27 raw (a) : thô, s ngốc trừ sâu
20 refreshment (n) : đ ăn th c u ng ồn, giữ gìn ứt bừa ốc trừ sâu 28 guilty (a) : đáng khi n trách,ể đạt được
21 hedge (n) : hàng rào -» guilt (n) : t i l i, đi u sai qu yộc về môi trường ỗi, điều sai quấy ề môi trường ất vọng
-» prohibition (n) : s ngăn c m ự phá rừng ất vọng 30 vessel (n) : thùng, thuy n l nề môi trường ớt
23 toad (n) : con cóc 31 marine (a) : thu c bi nộc về môi trường ể đạt được
24 to be upset at sth (exp): lo l ng v đi u gì ắt cá ề môi trường ề môi trường 32 deliberate (a) : có suy nghĩ, th n tr ngận trọng ọng
V READ
34 treasures (n): châu báu, v t có giá tr ận trọng ịt 40 respiratory (a) : thu c hô h pộc về môi trường ất vọng
35 foam (n, v): b t, bi n (th ca)/ s i b t ọng ể đạt được ơng ủ ọng -» respiration (n) : h i th , s hô h pơng ở ự phá rừng ất vọng
36 bubble (n): bong bóng, s s i b t ự phá rừng ủ ọng 41 serious (a) : nghiêm tr ngọng
37 precious (a) : quý giá, ki u cách ể đạt được -» seriousness (n) : s nghiêm tr ngự phá rừng ọng
38 State (n) : tr ng thái, tình tr ng 42 inedible (a)ạt được, giành được ạt được, giành được : không th ăn để đạt được ược, giành đượcc
39 mass (n) : kh i, đ ng, vô s ốc trừ sâu ốc trừ sâu ốc trừ sâu 43 sea creature (n) : sinh v t bi nận trọng ể đạt được
VI LANGUAGE FOCUS
1 Adverbial clauses of condition (M nh đ tr ng ng ch đi u ki n) ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ữ chỉ điều kiện) ỉ điều kiện) ề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện)
Có 3 lo i câu đi u ki n chính: ạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện)
• Type 1: Đi u ki n có th t (real condition)ề môi trường ệc phun ận trọng
• Type 2: Đi u ki n không th t trong hi n t i (unreal condition in the present)ề môi trường ệc phun ận trọng ệc phun ạt được, giành được
• Type 3: Đi u ki n không th t trong quá kh (unreal condition in the past)ề môi trường ệc phun ận trọng ứt bừa
* Đi u ki n có th t (real condition): ề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ật (real condition): đi u ki n có th th c hi n đề môi trường ệc phun ể đạt được ự phá rừng ệc phun ược, giành đượcc ho c có th x y ra trongặc có thể xảy ra trong ể đạt được ản
hi n t i ho c tệc phun ạt được, giành được ặc có thể xảy ra trong ươngng lai
Trang 2If Clause Main Clause
If + S + am/is/are +
V 1 / V s/es
S + will/can/must / should (+not) + V 1
+
Ex: (1) If we hurry, we won ’t miss the bus.
(2) If it rains, everybody can eat inside.
(3) If you want to see clearly, you must wear your glasses.
(4) If you pour oil on water, it floats.
(5) I’ll phone you if I hear the news.
* Notes:
1 If not = Unless + Clause : N u không ếu không
Ex: Unless you work harder, you will fail in the Corning exam.
2 Without + Noun/ V-ing : N u không có, n u khôngế liệu ế liệu
Ex : Without your help we couldn’t finish the work on time
* Practice; Rewrite these sentences with IF
1 Practice your English regularly and you will speak it well
2 Work hard or we won’t finish the assignment before 6.00 p.m
3 Stop smoking or you will die
4 Leave here right now or I will call the police
5 Be careful or you will kill yourself
2 Adverbial clauses of reason (m nh đ tr ng ng ch lý do) ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ữ chỉ điều kiện) ỉ điều kiện)
- M nh đ tr ng ng ch lý do là m nh đ ph đệc phun ề môi trường ạt được, giành được ữ gìn ệc phun ề môi trường ụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các liên từ ược, giành đượcc n i v i m nh đ chính b ng các liên tốc trừ sâu ớt ệc phun ề môi trường ằng thuốc nổ ừ sâu
because, since, as (do, vì, b i vì)ở
Ex: I turned the heating on because / since / as it was cold.
- M nh đ tr ng ng ch lý do cũng có th đ ng trệc phun ề môi trường ạt được, giành được ữ gìn ể đạt được ứt bừa ướtc ho c sau m nh đ chính.ặc có thể xảy ra trong ệc phun ề môi trường
Ex: (1) Because / Since / As it was cold, I turned the heating on.
(2) Joe started jogging because / since / as his doctor told him to.
* Practice: Complete the sentences with “because/as/since, if, unless, when, so”.
1 We decided to go out for a meal we had no food at home
2 He has a very important job he is particularly well-paid
3 Can I borrow that book you’ve finished it?
4 You canh drive a car you've got a license
5 No one was watching the television I switched the television off
6 she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her
7 you're ready, we can start now
8 I'm going away for a few days I’ll phone you I get back
9 You should inform the police your bicycle is stolen
10 Matthew went to bed it was too late to go out
* Notes: Because <-> Because Of
Because / Since / As + S + V + , S + V +
-» Because of / Due to + noun phrase, S + V +
Ex: (1) Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday.
= Because of her illness she didn’t go to school yesterday.
(2) He can’t get up early because he stayed up too late last night.
= He can’t get up early because of staying up too late last night.
* Practice: Rewrite the following sentences with BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF.
1 He couldn’t meet you because of being busy
Trang 3
2 Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty.
3 She went to bed early because of her sickness
4 Two cars canh pass each other because the road is narrow
5 We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather is lovely
6 We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted
3 Adverbial clauses of concession (M nh đê tr ng ng ch s t ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện) ữ chỉ điều kiện) ỉ điều kiện) ự tương phản) ương phản) ng ph n) ản)
- M nh đ tr ng ng ch s tệc phun ề môi trường ạt được, giành được ữ gìn ự phá rừng ươngng ph n là m nh đ ph đản ệc phun ề môi trường ụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các liên từ ược, giành đượcc n i v i m nh đ chính b ng các liênốc trừ sâu ớt ệc phun ề môi trường ằng thuốc nổ
t ừ sâu though, although và even though (m c dù).ặc có thể xảy ra trong
Ex: Although/ though/ even though it was raining, we went out.
= We went out although/ though/ even though it was raining.
* Practice:
1 He is very rich He is not happy (although)
2 He tried He was not successful (though)
3 He got good jobs He was not satisfied (even though)
4 He often tells lies Mary believes him (although)
5 She can’t answer my question She is very intelligent (although)
6 The weather changed, but the picnic went ahead as planned (though)
* NOTES: Although/ Though/ Even Though <-> In Spite Of/ Despite.
Although/ Though/ Even Though + S + V + , S + V +
-» In Spite Of/ Despite + noun phrase, S + V + …
Ex: He failed the exam although/ though/ even though he studied hard.
He failed the exam in spite of/ despite studying hard.
* Practice:
1 Carol had a headache, but she still read until late
Although
In spite of
2 The weather was bad However, the trip was enjoyable
Though Despite
3 She is poor, but she lives in happiness
Although Despite
4 Donna didn’t have the qualifications, but she got the job
Even though Despite
5 She had a good performance However, she lost the match
Although
In spite of
4 Adjective + that clause
M nh đ “that” (that clause) thệc phun ề môi trường ường họcng được, giành đượcc dùng sau các tính t di n t c m xúc: ừ sâu ễn tả cảm xúc: ản ản pleased, sad, excited, disappointed, delighted, glad, afraid, sorry, relieved, worried, surprised, amazed, happy,
Trang 4Ex: (1) I am surprised that he didn’t come.
(2) She was disappointed that he never replied to her letter.
* Practice: Write meaningful sentences using this structure.
S + be + ADJ + that + S + V + to V
1 She / pleased / see you again
2 He / sad / that / you / not / come
3 They / happy / come over my house
4 Mary / surprised / receive the gift
5 Peter / sorry / that / his friend / go away
- -EXERCISE 1
I UNLESS <-> IF.
1 If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
2 If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another
3 If you don’t rest, you will really be ill
4 Water these plants every day or they will die
5 I’ll help you if you promise to try harder
6 Without working harder, you’ll fail in the test
7 Unless Joe changes his ways, he will end up in prison
8 Unless it rains tomorrow, we’ll go fishing
9 Unless it is rainy, we will have lunch outdoors
10 Unless you stop smoking, you will die soon
II Rewrite these sentences with IF.
1 Staying up too late will make you tired the next day
2 Don’t waste water or you will have to pay a large sum of money
3 Don’t use electricity to catch fish or you will be fined heavily
4 Don’t eat too much in the evening or you will get fat
5 Recycle and we will save natural resources
Trang 5
III Write conditional sentences from these statements.
1 If / my brother / have / enough money He / buy a bicycle
2 I / buy / new hat; I / give it to you
3 You / be / good I / give you a bar of chocolate
4 It / rain They / get wet
5 The servant / come / you ring the bell
6 You / ask the teacher He / explain the lesson to you
7 He / eat that cake He / die
8 We / invite her She / go dancing with us
IV Choose ADJECTIVE or ADVERB.
1 I am going to tell you a (horrible / horribly) story
2 Last night as I was sleeping (sound / soundly)
3 I heard (distinct / distinctly) a (loud / loudly) noise outside the garden
4 I woke up (immediate / immediately)
5 I got out of bed and looked out of the window and in the (bright / brightly) moonlit night
6 I (clear / clearly) saw a woman dressed in a white blouse walking to and fro in the (bright / brightly) moonlight
7 I (quick / quickly) seized the paper weight on the table and threw it (hard / hardly) at the ghost
8 The paper weight hit just (straight /straightly) at the ghost’s face
9 She screamed out (fierce / fiercely) then disappeared (rapid / rapidly) in the (dense / densely) bushes
10 From that time on, I was (wide / widely) awake till the sunrise
V Complete these sentences with the ADJECTIVE or ADVERB.
1 Most of the students did on their tests Their test results were (GOOD)
2 David is a student He always checks his work (CAREFUL)
3 Jane looked at her book before she answered the teacher's question (THOUGHTFUL)
5 The children seemed They were playing in the park (HAPPY)
6 Her mother was a very woman and she was always so dressed (BEAUTIFUL)
7 - You don't think you've been working too ?
VI Adverbial clause of reason: BECAUSE, AS, SINCE
1 He ran over the line, so he failed the driving test
As he
2 The power is cut suddenly, so we don’t have enough water to use
We don’t
3 He changed his way of studying and got excellent grade
Since
4 He puts things disorderly It takes him much time to find
Because
5 He tums on the air conditioner all night long, so he has to pay lots of money
He has
6 The question was too difficult for me to answer
Since the question
7 The ticket price is cheap enough for us to see the show
We can
8 Peter was careless He lost the game
Trang 6Since
VII Change the following sentences : BECAUSE BECAUSE OF
1 The Children are going swimming because the weather is hot
Because of
2 Because I am sick, I don’t want to go out
Because of my
3 Because the water is polluted, we can not swim in this river
Because of
4 Because Na has a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking
Because of
5 Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble
Because of
6 Because it was snowing, we didn’t go out for a walk
Because of
7 Because of his serious sickness, he couldn’t come to class _
Because
8 Because of your advice, we didn’t use that poisonous Chemical
Because
9 Because of their good performance, they won that match
Because
10 Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls
Because
VIII Rearrangement.
1 can/ the polluted water/ harm to/ directly do/ and/ kill fish/ people’s health/
2 to wrap food/ or/ we/ banana leaves/ plastic bags/ should use/ paper/ instead of/
3 if/ use/ we/ trees/ we/ less paper/ can save/ in the forest/
4 can/ the polluted water/ harm to/ directly do/ and/ kill fish/ people’s health/
5 to wrap food/ or/ we/ banana leaves/ plastic bags/ should use/ paper/ instead of
- -EXERCISE 2
I Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
4 “To ” means “to remove trees or forests from a place” (DEFORESTATION)
6 Monica’s English is very although she makes quite a lot of mistakes (FLUENT)
II Fill in each blank with a correct preposition.
1 The teacher divided the class four groups
2 He provided us a lot of useful information
3 The teacher gave the exam papers
4 I was satisfied the grade I received on my last exam
5 After several hours of discussion, the council finally agreed a plan
6 The ground is covered trash You should clear all the trash on the ground before leaving
7 My sister kept asking me question after question
Trang 78 The garage has got full junk again.
9 We are all responsible keeping the environment clean and clear
10 Don't throw trash the water because polluted water can directly do harm people's health
III Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1 If you call me and I’ll explain the homework to you
A B C D
2 She was walking when she was seeming tired
A B C D
3 If a drop of oil will be placed in a glass of water, it floats to the top
A B C D
4 The zoo which he did visit is a stadium nowadays
A B C D
5 Most of the world's water supply have been contaminated by factory waste, ships and oil spills
A B C D
IV Rewrite the sentences keep the meaning unchanged.
1 He is a good worker
He works
2 Tom was careless He lost the game
Since
3 I didn’t want to be late, so I hurried
Because
4 The children are going swimming a lot because the weather is hot
Because of
5 Unless it rains, we will go to the movies
If
6 Nam said to Daisy: “Good luck to you.”
Nam wishes
7 I’ll be on vacation next week, so I won't be able to attend the meeting
Since
8 Hard work leads us to success
If
V Transformation.
1 Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well
In spite of
2 Mary could not go to school because she was sick
Because of
3 Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time
Despite
4 My mother told me to go to school although I was sick
In spite of
5 Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home
Because of
6 Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad
Despite
7 Although she was bom in a poor family, she has become a successful woman
Despite
8 In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job
Although
9 Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep
In spite of
10 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies
Even though
Trang 8- -TEST 1
I Multiple choice.
1 If people public transport, there will be less pollution
2 If it is raining this evening, I
3 Minh’s English is excellent He speaks
a perfectly English b English perfectly c in perfect English d English perfect
4 He to find a job but he had no luck
5 may cause floods
6 If the sea water continues to be polluted, many fish species extinct
7 We postponed the picnic
8 Plants if they don't get sun and water
9 If you a chance to study in a foreign country, just take it
10 Would you please ?
c telling me how much does it cost d tell me how much it costs
II Adjective or adverb? Choose the correct form.
0 A: I heard Daniel isn't very good (good / well).
B: Well, he fell and hurt himself quite badly (bad / badly).
1 A: There was a (terrible / terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn't there?
B: Yes Two people were killed and the driver of the car was (serious / seriously) injured
2 A: The weather was so (awful / awfully) yesterday
B: Yes, it was raining quite (heavy / heavily), so we stayed at home all day
3 A: You haven't cleaned the (floor proper / properly) It’s still (dirty / dirtily)
B: Oh, sorry I was in a hurry I did it rather (quick / quickly)
4 A: You looked very (unhappy / unhappily) last night
B: Well, I was disappointed that I did so (bad / badly) in the exam My results were so (bad / badly)
5 A: Can you remember what happened?
B: I can't remember (clear / clearly) It all happened so (sudden / suddenly)
III Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
IV Fill in each blank with a correct preposition.
1 Can you provide accommodation forty people?
2 You should do something the environment pollution
3 She found the letters a pile of books
4 Please tell your teacher the reason your absence yesterday
5 I received an encouraging response my letter of application that company
6 My form teacher has complained the students the noise
7 He died a wound
Trang 98 It would be better if those factories were built far away living areas.
V Read the passage, then decide if the statements that follow are True or False.
Every day on radio, on TV, and in the newspapers, we hear, see, or read about many problems in the world, for example, pollution problems
Air pollution is the first kind It mostly comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars, airplanes, trains, and poisonous gases emitted from factories Also, waste is dumped anywhere, even in the city where many people are living The second pollution problem is sea pollution Many people earn their living from fishing in the sea, and the fish they catch feed many people But the sea has become so polluted from oil spills and factory wastes that the fish are dying This pollution is not only killing the fish, but is also affecting those people who eat fish
1 Environmental pollution is one of the world's problems
2 Vehicles and factories account for air pollution
3 Waste is usually dumped in the City where many people are living
4 The sea water is now heavily contaminated by oil spills and industrial sewage
5 Which of the following could be the title of the passage?
6 Which word can replace the word “emitted”?
VI Choose the correct answer to fill the gap.
Environmental pollution is a term that (1) to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings Man dirties the air with (2) gases and smoke, (3) the water with Chemical and other substances, and damages the (4) with too many fertilizers and pesticides Man also pollutes his surroundings (5) various other ways For example, people min natural beauty by (6) junk and litter on the land and in the water
VII Rewrite the following sentences Use the word in bracket.
1 That boy will have a test of English next Friday Em sure of that
I am sure
2 My mother didn’t play the piano badly
My mother was
3 They may be absent from school tomorrow if they don’t stop staying up late
Without
4 Unless Nam practices English regularly, he canh be good at English
If Nam
5 Since the lines of production are computerized, they will sell the Products at cheap price
Because
VIII Rearrangement.
1 throwing trash/ around/ the garbage bins/ from/ the school yard/ lazy students/ prevent/
2 we/ and recycle/ to save/ should reuse/ bottles/ natural resources/ and cans/
- -TEST 2
I Choose the correct answer.
1 is Chemical used for killing insects
Trang 102 They are trying to save the animals extinction.
3 The air in the country is fresher and purer than in the City
4 air is one of the many problems we have to solve
5 I'm disappointed people have spoiled this area
6 We couldn't go on a picnic as planned it was raining hard
7 We can eat at home or, you prefer, we can go to a restaurant
8 Because plastic bags are very hard to They will cause pollution
9 I think we should lazy students from throwing trash
10 If you park your car in wrong place, you have to pay a
11 Our flight from Amsterdam to London was delayed the heavy fog
12 The wall is covered posters advertising a few films
13 This river is polluted, a lot of fish died and floated on the
14 We stayed at home it was raining heavily
15 If they students, they must wear uniform
II Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence.
1 Some groups have declared a boycott of tourism on the island (ENVIRONMENT)
3 It was very of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it (CARE)
III Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1 Unless we work harder, we will finish on time
A B C D
2 The Chinese team have worked very hardly to get this far in the competition
A B C D
3 Wild animals are reduced a lot in number if the forests, their home, are being destroyed serious
A B C D
4 What about use public buses instead of motorbikes to reduce exhaust fume?
A B C D
5 Since people stop using dynamite for fish, a lot of sea creatures will be well - prepared
A B C D
IV ADJECTIVE or ADVERB? Choose the correct form.
1 A: Don't go up that ladder It doesn't look (safe / safely)
B: Don't worry I’ll climb (careful / carefully)
2 A: Did you go to Sally's birthday party?
B: Yes It was really a (cheerful /cheerfully) party
3 Everybody at the party was (colorful /colorfully) dressed
4 A: Why do you look so (nervous / nervously)?
B: Oh, my! I've just got a mistake I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he looked
at me (angry / angrily) when I interrupted him