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Basic drilling engineering for drilller enginerring, Basic drilling engineering for drilller enginerring, Basic drilling engineering for drilller enginerring, Basic drilling engineering for drilller enginerring, Basic drilling engineering for drilller enginerring
Basic Drilling Engineering Contents Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø WHY WE DRILL PROSPECT SELECTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND MODIFICATION IN DRILLING TYPES OF DRILLING WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF DRILLING CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS RIG COMPONENTS ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION Why We Drill Ø TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE Ø TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH Ø TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS Prospect Selection Ø Ø In case of Production wells, prospect selection is identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir production Exploration wells require geological and geophysical data gathering, processing and evaluation • Surface geological study • Subsurface mapping • Identification of structures e.g anticlines, salt domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses • Seismic Evaluation Historical Background Ø 1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL Ø 1859 CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING Ø 1918 WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE TOOL ( 7386 ft ) ROTARY DRILLING Ø 1930 Modification In Drilling Cable Tool BY THE PONDING ACTION OF THE DRILLING BITS Rotary Drilling BY THE ROATARY ACTION OF THE DRILL BITS Coil Tubing USED FOR THE HORIZONTAL & MULTILATERAL DRILLING What are the different Well Locations in terms of Drilling Onshore and Offshore Basic Drilling Rig Functions Ø Ø HOISTING • DEERICK • DRAW WORKS • BLOCKS • HOOK ROTATING • • • ROTARY TABLE SWIVEL KELLY Basic Drilling Rig Functions Ø Ø CIRCULATING • PUMPS • STAND PIPES • SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONTROLLING • BLOWOUT PREVENTOR • CHOKE SYSTEM Rig Components (Hoisting System) DERRICK The function of a derrick is to provide vertical clearance to the raising and lowering of drill string into and out of borehole Two type of Derricks Standard Derricks - it is of bolted construction and assembled part by part Mast – a portable derrick, one capable of being erected as a unit Rig Components (Hoisting System) DRAWWORKS Ø It is the control center from which the driller operates the rig It contains clutches, chains and other controls Ø It houses the drum which spools drilling line during hoisting and allows feed off during drilling Rig Components (Rotating System) KELLY Ø A Kelly is a square or hexagonal length of pipe that fits into a bushing in the rig's rotary table As the rotary table turns to the right, the Kelly turns with it Ø The main function of a Kelly is to transfer energy from the rotary table to the rest of the drill string SWIVEL Ø It suspends the drill string and allows rotation at the same time RAT HOLE ROTARY TABLE KELLY Rig Components (Rotating System) DRILL PIPES Drill pipe furnishes the necessary length for drill string and serves as a conduit for the drilling fluid DRILL COLLARS Provides weight and stability to the drill bit, maintain tension on the drill pipe and help keep the hole on a straight course Rig Components (Rotating System) • HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES provides additional hole stability and aids in directional control • STABILIZERS centralize the drill collars, help maintain the hole at full-gauge diameter • JARS provides sharp upward or downward impact to free stuck pipe • REAMERS helps to maintain a full-gauge hole diameter • CROSS OVER SUBS which join components having different types of connections Rig Components (Rotating System) BITS Most critical component in rotary drilling operations Different types of bits Two main type of bits: Rolling cutter bits - consist of cutting elements arranged on cones (usually three cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on bearings about their own axis as the drill string turns the body of the bit These bits can have teeth or buttons Rig Components (Rotating System) • Fixed cutter bits - also known as drag bits, consist of stationary cutting elements that are integral with the body of the bit and are rotated directly by the turning of the drill string The principal types of fixed cutter bits are • natural diamond • polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) Circulating System Rig Components (Circulating System) MUD PUMPS Ø Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the desired pressure and volume Ø The pump normally used for this service is reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex type STANDPIPE Ø A rigid metal conduit that provides the highpressure pathway for drilling mud to travel approximately one-third of the way up the derrick where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose (Kelly hose) Ø Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so that downtime is kept to a minimum if one standpipe requires repair Rig Components (Power System) PRIME MOVRES Ø These are used to supply power to drilling operations These can be steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engine Ø The bulk of rig power is consumed in two operations namely circulation of fluid and hoisting Rig Components (Controlling System) BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP) Ø If the formation pressure is more than the imposed by drilling fluid, in this case formation fluids flow into borehole and eventually to the surface This effect is called blowout Ø The main function of blowout preventers is to close the annular space between the drill pipe and casing ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY DRILLING Ø DIRECTIONAL DRILLING Ø HORIZONTAL DRILLING Ø MULTILATERAL DRILLING Ø COIL TUBING DRILLING Drilling Hazards Ø Tools dropped while drilling Ø Pipe stuck Ø Increased size of hole Ø Lost circulation problems Ø Sloughing shale What we call a successful Drilling Operation Through which we get our desired results without any accidents Quiz Test Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by Q.2 write down the names of hoisting equipment Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ? Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ? Q what is the Latest Technique of drilling? ... casing ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY DRILLING Ø DIRECTIONAL DRILLING Ø HORIZONTAL DRILLING Ø MULTILATERAL DRILLING Ø COIL TUBING DRILLING Drilling Hazards Ø Tools dropped while drilling Ø Pipe stuck Ø Increased... BACKGROUND MODIFICATION IN DRILLING TYPES OF DRILLING WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF DRILLING CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS RIG COMPONENTS ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING MUD TYPES... OF THE DRILLING BITS Rotary Drilling BY THE ROATARY ACTION OF THE DRILL BITS Coil Tubing USED FOR THE HORIZONTAL & MULTILATERAL DRILLING What are the different Well Locations in terms of Drilling