Com CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các lĩnh...
Lac Hong University Faculty of Foreign Languages CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Course book: Levine, D R., Baxter, J., & McNulty, P (1987) The culture puzzle Cross-cultural communication for English as a second language Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents CHAPTER 1: ADDRESSING PEOPLE (pp 3-15) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: + see the cultural differences in the areas of: addressing people, use of first and last names, greetings and farewells, distance between people, and handshaking; + know how to use forms of address appropriately and how to introduce yourself and others Culture learning questions Think about how people in Vietnam address each other Think about how people in the USA and other countries address each other What can you learn about culture and language by the way people address each other? Cross-cultural interactions 1A & 1B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page to analyze the interaction Talk about the way people in Vietnam address each other and introduce themselves Use the questions on page to guide you Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page Using forms of address Learn the special forms of address in the USA and how they are used in communication How about the forms of address in Vietnam? Solve culture puzzles and Do the assignment on page Prepare a class report of what you’ve discovered Greetings and farewells Observe the way people in Vietnam greet each other and say goodbye and take notes Focus on the amount of touching, kind of eye contact, distance between people, type of facial expressions, and amount of gesturing Make the same observation of people in other cultures You can this by watching them in real life, in movies, or on TV, etc Then list the cultural differences that you’ve found, basing on your observations Solve culture puzzle Making introductions Solve culture puzzle Page of 10 Learn the phrases to introduce yourself and others Work with several classmates Practice making introductions by doing the activities on pages 13-14 * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 2: COMPLIMENTING & SHOWING APPRECIATION (pp 16-28) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: + see the cultural differences in when, why and what people compliment and gift giving and receiving; + know how to give compliments, start conversations with compliments and show appreciation appropriately in cross-cultural communication Culture learning questions Think about how often and how people in Vietnam give compliments Think about how often and how people in the USA and other countries give compliments Think about how people in different cultures show appreciation by, for example, giving gifts Cross-cultural interactions 2A & 2B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 17 to analyze the interaction Talk about the way people in Vietnam give and respond to compliments Use the questions on page 17 to guide you Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 19 Choosing words for complimenting Learn the kinds of things Americans usually compliment How about Vietnamese people? Learn the words Americans often use to give compliments How about Vietnamese people? Do the activities on pages 20-21 Starting conversations with compliments How Americans respond to compliments? How about Vietnamese people? Why Americans seem to compliment frequently? Work with a classmate Do the activity on page 23 Solve culture puzzle Giving and receiving gifts Think about the general customs of giving gifts in Vietnam, the USA and other countries (what, when, to whom, for what reasons, etc.) Learn the typical gifts which are usually given on different occasions in the USA How about in Vietnam? Do the exercise on page 25 Solve culture puzzle Do the assignment on page 26 Prepare a class report of what you’ve discovered Page of 10 Learn the phrases and expressions for showing appreciation Work with a classmate to practice these phrases and expressions in as many situations as possible * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 3: EXPRESSING EMOTIONS (pp 29-40) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to see the differences in expressing sadness and anger, verbalizing feelings, smiling and its meanings across cultures Culture learning questions Think about how people in Vietnam, in the USA and in other countries deal with their emotions and react to others who are unhappy or upset List the expressions or idioms in Vietnamese, in English and in other languages that can help people understand cultural beliefs about expressing emotions Cross-cultural interactions 3A & 3B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 30 to analyze the interaction Talk about the way people in Vietnam express their feelings and react to others who are upset or unhappy Use the questions on page 31 to guide you Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 32 Cross-cultural differences Solve culture puzzle Observe when and why people in Vietnam smile Do the same for Americans and other cultural groups Basing on your observations, list the cultural differences and discuss possible misunderstandings because of these differences Solve culture puzzle Observe the way people in Vietnam often express anger Do the same for Americans and other cultural groups Can you make a cultural generalization or does it depend on each individual? Using verbal and non-verbal communication What is verbal and non-verbal communication? Can people from different cultures always understand each other’s non-verbal communication? Think about examples of non-verbal communication in Vietnamese culture Solve culture puzzle Learn the phrases for expressing feelings Work with a classmate to practice these phrases in as many situations as possible * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 5: SHOWING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND (pp 55-72) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: Page of 10 + understand the importance of the following five skills to effective communication with Americans: giving feedback, interrupting, asking for focused repetition, asking for meaning, and checking bits of information; + improve the skills above through practice Culture learning questions Think about how people in Vietnam and people in the USA interact in Vietnamese and in English respectively in terms of giving feedback, interrupting, etc Are there any similarities and differences? What is the importance of learning the rules of communication in the foreign language you’re learning? Cross-cultural interactions 5A & 5B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 30 to analyze the interaction Talk about the way people in Vietnam show that they are listening to another person and that they haven’t understood something Use the questions on page 56 to guide you Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 58 Giving feedback How often and how Vietnamese people give feedback when they’re listening? List some examples of verbal and non-verbal feedback that they give Learn the phrases and sounds used to give feedback as well as the non-verbal way to give feedback on pages 59-60 Do the activity on page 60 Interrupting Study the situation on page 61 Think about the way Vietnamese people and Americans usually interrupt and take notes Do Vietnamese people and Americans give non-verbal signals that they want to interrupt? Give some examples of these signals if there are any Learn the phrases for interrupting politely Work with some classmates to practice these phrases in as many situations as possible Asking for focused repetition What will you say if you want the person you’re talking to repeat exactly what you want to hear? Learn the ways to ask for focused repetition on page 66 Do the activities on pages 66-67 with a classmate Asking for meaning What will you say if you want the person you’re talking to explain the meaning of a word or phrase you don’t understand? Learn the ways to ask for meaning on page 68 Do the activity on page 68 with a classmate Checking bits of information What will you if you aren’t sure that you’ve understood the words or ideas of the person you’re communicating with? Page of 10 Learn the phrases and expressions for checking bits of information, i.e words or ideas, on page 69 Do the activities on pages 69-70 with a classmate * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 6: GUIDING THE CONVERSATION (pp 73-88) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: + understand the following four skills to guide a conversation with an American: asking for focused explanation, holding turns, correcting misunderstandings, and summarizing; + improve the skills above through practice Culture learning questions Think about how you speak Vietnamese with a foreign How you change the way you speak in terms of speed, word use, length of the conversation, etc.? Think about the time when you speak English with a foreigner How they speak to you? What difficulties you have when you talk to a foreigner in English on the telephone? What you to make telephone conversations easier? Cross-cultural interactions 6A & 6B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 75 to analyze the interaction Talk about the way people in Vietnam speak on the telephone for business purposes and social purposes Use the questions on page 75 to guide you Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Learn the phrases and expressions used on the telephone on page 78 Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 79 Asking for focused explanation Why is it necessary to ask for focused explanation in communicating in English? Read the dialogue on page 80 carefully Pay attention to the way Sajia asks for focused explanation Learn the ways to ask for focused repetition on page 80 Do the activities on pages 80-81 with a classmate Holding your turn What will you say to let the other person know that you haven’t finished speaking or that you need time to think before you speak or before you answer a question? Discuss the dialogue on page 81 with a classmate Use the questions on page 82 to guide you Then discuss the dialogue on page 82 Compare the two dialogues Learn the ways to hold your turn and delay your answer and other ways to guide the conversation Do the skill practice on page 83 with a classmate Correcting misunderstandings Page of 10 Think about how Vietnamese people correct misunderstandings while talking to each other Solve the culture puzzle Learn the ways to correct misunderstandings on page 85 Do the skill practice on page 85 with a classmate Summarizing What will you to show that you’ve understood what you’ve heard? Why is it important to summarize when you are speaking a foreign language? Learn the ways to summarize on page 86 Do the skill practice on page 86 with a classmate * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 9: KEEPING THE CONVERSATION MOVING (pp 119-135) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: + understand the cultural differences in the area of keeping the conversation going; + enhance the following communication skills through practice: opening a conversation, discussing a particular topic, and closing a conversation Culture learning questions Think about the difficulties you have when trying to keep conversation in Vietnamese moving Think about the difficulties a native speaker of English may have when communicating with Vietnamese people How you feel when there are silences in conversations? Cross-cultural interactions 9A & 9B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 121 to analyze the interaction Answer the questions about Vietnamese and Vietnamese culture on page 121 Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 123 Conversations in English Read the description of a good conversation in English Take notes of the main points of the description Greetings and openings What you say in Vietnamese to greet another person and open a conversation with him/her? How you respond to greetings in Vietnamese? Learn the phrases for greeting and responding to greetings Do the skill practice on page 127 with a classmate Discussing a topic What you say next after the greeting and opening in Vietnamese? Learn the way people keep a conversation going by asking questions, giving information, and responding to information (pp 127-133) Do the activities for practice (pp 129-133) with a classmate Closings and farewells Page of 10 What you say to close a conversation in Vietnamese? What you say to respond to closings in Vietnamese? What you say to end a telephone conversation in Vietnamese? Learn the phrases and expressions for ending a (telephone) conversation on page 134 Do the skill practice on page 134 with a classmate * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 10: CHOOSING CONVERSATION TOPICS (pp 136-147) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: + understand the cultural differences in the areas of personal questions and topics and commonly discussed topics; + be able to make small talk and keep a conversation moving when communicating with Americans Culture learning questions Think about what Vietnamese people talk about when they meet each other for the first time Think about the topics Vietnamese people usually avoid when they first meet each other Think about the topics Americans often talk about with Vietnamese people when they first meet each other Cross-cultural interactions 10A & 10B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 137 to analyze the interaction Answer the questions about Vietnamese and Vietnamese culture on page 138 Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 139 Avoid certain topics Notice the topics Americans usually avoid when they not know each other well or if they are not very close friends Learn the phrases and expressions for asking personal questions on page 141 Solve the culture puzzle on page 141 Learn the phrases and expressions for avoiding answers on page 142 Discussing common topics What is small talk? How important is small talk? Notice the common topics of small talk and conversations on pages 143-145 Do the skill practice on pages 145-146 with a classmate Remember to apply what you’ve learnt in this chapter * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 11: MAKING THE FIRST MOVE (pp 148-165) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: Page of 10 + understand American ideas about how to meet and get to know people; + sharpen the skills of extending, accepting and declining invitations and asking about getting together through practice Culture learning questions In Vietnamese culture, are foreigners treated like guests or they have to make the first move so as to contact people? Have you had any experience inviting Americans or people from other countries to your home (or being invited by them)? Were there any cultural differences in the way they accepted your invitation or in the way they invited you? If you have visited foreigners’ homes or have had foreign visitors in your home, what cultural differences did you observe? Cross-cultural interactions 11A & 11B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 151 to analyze the interaction Answer the questions about Vietnamese and Vietnamese culture on page 151 Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 152 Meeting and getting to know others Compare the common behavior of Vietnamese people when they meet and get to know others with that of Americans by doing the activity on pages 153-154 Extending invitations Think about the way Vietnamese people extend invitations Are there different kinds of invitations? What information they usually include in their invitations? Compare definite invitations and indefinite invitations and the exercise on page 156 Learn the phrases and expressions for definite and indefinite invitations on page 157 Do the skill practice on page 157 with a classmate Solve culture puzzle Learn the phrases and expressions for responding to invitations on page 159 Do the skill practice on page 160 with a classmate Visiting What Vietnamese people usually before, during, and after their visit to somebody’s home? Solve culture puzzle Learn the phrases and expressions for visiting on page 163 Work with a classmate Create a situation, e.g a visit to a co-worker’s home, and practice the language for visiting you’ve learnt * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 13: EXCHANGING CULTURAL VIEWPOINTS (pp 183-195) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to: Page of 10 + understand the skills of exchanging cultural viewpoints and learning from miscommunication; + know how to use the skills above appropriately Culture learning questions Think about a time when you had a problem of misunderstanding because of cultural differences What happened? Why did the miscommunication take place? Has anyone ever asked you to explain your cultural point of view in order to understand a cultural conflict or an incident of cross-cultural miscommunication? Cross-cultural interactions 13A & 13B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 184 to analyze the interaction Answer the questions about Vietnamese and Vietnamese culture on page 185 Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 186 Culture learning questions Think about the questions you would ask a foreigner in order to get to know more about his/her culture Learn the ways to ask culture learning questions and explain your cultural point of view on page 187 Do the skill practice on page 188 with a classmate Learning from miscommunication What would you if a misunderstanding occurred when you communicated with a foreigner? Solve culture puzzles and Learn the ways to talk about miscommunication on page 190 Do the skill practice on pages 190-193 with a classmate * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision CHAPTER 14: UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES (pp 196-215) On the completion of this chapter, students are supposed to acquire the skills of observing cultural behavior, asking without judging, and looking at their own experiences Culture learning questions Think about the way Vietnamese people react to foreigners who behave differently from the majority of the people Do Vietnamese people accept differences or they expect foreign people to behave in the same day they do? Cross-cultural interactions 14A & 14B Read the conversation carefully Answer the T/F questions that follow the conversation Answer the questions on page 198 to analyze the interaction Answer the questions about Vietnamese and Vietnamese culture on page 198 Read the revised conversation carefully and compare it with the original conversation Focus on U.S culture Page of 10 Check your understanding of the U.S culture by answering the T/F questions on page 199 Observing cultural behavior Have you ever made observations of the behavior of foreigners? Do you often make judgments about their behavior, particularly the behavior which is different from your own? Do the exercises on pages 200-205 Asking without judging What you think you should in order to get good explanation for the behavior you’ve observed? Solve the culture puzzles Learn the ways to ask nonjudgmental questions on page 209 Do the skill practice on page 209 with a classmate Looking at your own experiences How you feel when interacting with people from another culture? Do you have difficulty in making changes in your behavior or your styles of communicating? What questions would you ask yourself to understand your own experiences when contacting a new culture? Do the exercises on pages 210-213 * Note: You should record the cross-cultural notes throughout the chapter for revision Page 10 of 10 ... and what people compliment and gift giving and receiving; + know how to give compliments, start conversations with compliments and show appreciation appropriately in cross- cultural communication. .. Americans and other cultural groups Can you make a cultural generalization or does it depend on each individual? Using verbal and non-verbal communication What is verbal and non-verbal communication? ... cultural point of view in order to understand a cultural conflict or an incident of cross- cultural miscommunication? Cross- cultural interactions 13A & 13B Read the conversation carefully Answer the