Chapter Database Processing “No, Drew, You Don’t Know Anything About Creating Queries." • Sales database used to determine which parts to consider for 3D printing • If Addison and Drew depend on Lucas (or IT dept) to produce reports, they will (a) wait a long time, and (b) probably not get what they want • Once they get data, Addison creates queries and reports • Relying on own skills gives more freedom and better results • Relational database technology not appropriate for 3D parts files or graphics used for query-by-graphics MongoDB a better choice Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-2 Study Questions Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system? Q4: How database applications make databases more useful? Q5: How are data models used for database development? Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design? Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases? Q8: 2025? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-3 Q1: What Is the Purpose of a Database? • Organize and keep track of things • Keep track of multiple themes • General rule: Single theme - store in a spreadsheet Multiple themes - use a database • What's a theme? – Ex: Student Grades Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-4 A List of Student Grades Presented in a Spreadsheet – Single Theme Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-5 Student Data Form from a Database Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-6 Q2: What Is a Database? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-7 Hierarchy of Data Elements Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-8 Components of a Database Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-9 Example of Relationships Among Rows Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-10 Q7: What Is the Users’ Role in the Development of Databases? • Users are the final judges • Users review of data model is crucial – Ensure it accurately reflects users’ view of the business – Entities must contain all of the data you and your employees need to your jobs, and relationships must accurately reflect your view of the business Mistakes will come back to haunt them Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-45 Q8: 2025? • Volume of database data continues to grow, probably exponentially • Cheap, unlimited storage space and greater processing speeds in relational databases • Relational model not needed, not natural fit with business documents • Store new types of data stored as images, audios, and videos Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-46 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) • More reliance on open source community • Many NoSQL databases • New opportunities and career paths develop around NoSQL databases Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-47 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) NoSQL DBMS (Not Relational DBMS) – Supports very high transaction rates – Relatively simple data structures – Replicated on many servers in the cloud • Examples – Dynamo (Amazon) – Bigtable (Google) – Cassandra (Facebook) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-48 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) • Will NoSQL Replace Relational DBMS Products? – Conversion very expensive and disruptive – Very technical, limited to those with a deep background in computer science – Requires years of training to use – Organization choose NoSQL products for specialized applications Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-49 Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection • One common way of stealing data from corporations • Done by people outside of host nation to avoid prosecution • Many of these groups are highly organized and well-funded – Criminal syndicates, nation states, or political hacktivists – Mandiant report “APT1: Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units” • Attempting SQL injection on a Web site could result in your arrest Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-50 Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection (cont'd) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-51 Guide: Immanuel Kant, Data Modeler • Perception of reality based on our perceptive apparatus • Brain processes perceptions into something meaningful • Human’s model what appears to be • Users determine if a data model fits their perception of reality Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-52 Active Review Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system? Q4: How database applications make databases more useful? Q5: How are data models used for database development? Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design? Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases? Q8: 2025? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-53 Case Study 5: Searching for Pianos • Certified piano tuner and technician repairing and restoring pianos for many years • Clown entertainer at children’s parties Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-54 Pianos in Storage Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-55 Columns in the Piano Table Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-56 Query Design and Result Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-57 Piano Sound Quality by Building Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-58 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-59 ... Database • Set up security system involving user accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing • Limit user permissions in very specific ways • Backing up database data, adding structures... Processing the Database • Structured Query Language - SQL (see-quell) – International standard – Used by most popular DBMS INSERT INTO Student ([Student Number], [Student Name], HW1, HW2, MidTerm) VALUES... • Relational database technology not appropriate for 3D parts files or graphics used for query -by- graphics MongoDB a better choice Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-2 Study Questions