Personality Sixth edition Chapter What Is Personality? Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Modules Introduction: What Is Personality? 1.1: Personality and Science 1.2: Preview of the Perspectives 1.3: A Brief History of Personality Psychology 1.4: The Unconscious, the Self, Uniqueness, Gender, Situations, and Culture 1.5: Personality in Context Conclusion: What Is Personality? Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1: Exhibit how scientific methods have provided insights into personality 1.2: Present the eight different perspectives into which personality theories are classified 1.3: Recount the development of personality psychology Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.4: Express the meanings of some basic terms and concepts in personality psychology 1.5: Examine the importance of context in understanding personality Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Introduction: What Is Personality? − Personality psychology − Eight different perspectives of personality theories Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.1: Personality and Science Objective: Exhibit how scientific methods have provided insights into personality − Scientific inference − Correlations − Systematic analysis methods Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.1.1: Where Do Personality Theories Come From? − Deductive approach − Inductive approach − Analogies and concepts from related disciplines Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Figure 1.2: The Nature of Inductive versus Deductive Approaches Deduction is often characterized as a “top-down” process of reasoning from generalizations to instances, and induction as the opposite, reasoning in a “bottom-up” manner Researchers work from general knowledge and from specific empirical observations in a never-ending cycle Beware of any single study that claims to be definitive about human nature Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.2: Preview of the Perspectives Objective: Present the eight different perspectives into which personality theories are classified − Modern understanding of personality − Eight basic aspects of personality Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.2.1: Overview of the Eight Perspectives − Application of biological factors to personality psychology − Behaviorist and learning aspects − Cognitive aspects − Humanistic and existential aspects Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.2.2: Are Personality Aspects Really Separable? − Proponents of multiple aspects of personality − Reasons for not relying on one approach Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3: A Brief History of Personality Psychology Objective: Recount the development of personality psychology − Factors leading to the birth of personality psychology Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3.1: Theater and Self-Presentation − Theatrical personalities who used personality psychology − Concept of relative self Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3.2: Religion − Aspects of personality psychology in Western religions − Aspects of personality psychology in Eastern religions Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3.3: Evolutionary Biology − Theory of evolution − Importance of theory of evolution to personality psychology Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3.4: Testing − Purpose of army psychological tests − Drawbacks of intelligence testing Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.3.5: Modern Theory − Persons who shaped modern personality − Contribution of Gordon Allport − Contribution of Kurt Lewin − Contribution of Henry Murray Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.4: The Unconscious, the Self, Uniqueness, Gender, Situations, and Culture Objective: Express the meanings of some basic terms and concepts in personality psychology − What is the unconscious? − What is the self? − Does each individual require a unique approach? Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.4.1: Is Personality a Useful Concept? − Negative features of “personhood” − Topical areas of interest in modern personality research Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1.5: Personality in Context Objective: Examine the importance of context in understanding personality − Features of authoritarian personality − Features of its antitype personality Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Conclusion: What Is Personality? − Questions asked by personality psychology − Answers provided by personality psychology − Methods used by personality psychologists − Sources of personality theories − Roots of personality psychology Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved ...Modules Introduction: What Is Personality? 1. 1: Personality and Science 1. 2: Preview of the Perspectives 1. 3: A Brief History of Personality Psychology 1. 4: The Unconscious, the Self,... What Is Personality? − Personality psychology − Eight different perspectives of personality theories Copyright © 2 016 , 2 012 , 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved 1. 1: Personality and. .. Situations, and Culture 1. 5: Personality in Context Conclusion: What Is Personality? Copyright © 2 016 , 2 012 , 2009 Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1. 1: Exhibit