Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies

Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies Bioenergy systems for the future 11 advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies

Advancements and confinements in hydrogen production technologies 11 S Nanda*, K Li†, N Abatzoglou‡, A.K Dalai§, J.A Kozinski* *York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, †Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States, ‡Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, §University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada 11.1 Introduction The fossil-fuel reserves are depleting across the world, thereby invigorating the move toward renewable energy sources The instability in fuel prices, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and concerns over global warming are other factors contributing to the transition toward bioenergy (Nanda et al., 2015b) The global primary energy demand by 2050 is expected to be in the range of 600–1000 EJ (IEA, 2009) Today, the primary energy supply is derived from fossil fuels with nearly 80% of global energy demand being supplied from crude oil, natural gas, and coal (Balat and Kırtay, 2010) The liquid fossil-fuel reserves are also estimated to be depleted in 100 h) due to carbon deposition is a major challenge (Trane et al., 2012) Alkaline-enhanced reforming is a new approach to convert aqueous organics to hydrogen at relatively lower temperatures (