Đây là tài liệu chúng tôi sưu tầm, chọn lọc, mong bạn thích. Mong bạn học tập, thì có kết quả thật tốt. Đây là tài liệu chúng tôi sưu tầm, chọn lọc, mong bạn thích. Mong bạn học tập, thì có kết quả thật tốt. Đây là tài liệu chúng tôi sưu tầm, chọn lọc, mong bạn thích. Mong bạn học tập, thì có kết quả thật tốt.
A CÁC THÌ: @ Lý thuyết: Simple present tense:(thì đơn) Hình thức: I / we / you / they + inf He / She / It + Vs/es * Thêm “es” vào động từ có tận là: ch, sh, s, x, z, o To be: I + am … We / you / they + are … He / she / it + is … Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả thói quen việc xảy thường xuyên (Trong câu thường có trang từ như: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, generally, regularly, every day/week/month/year… once, twice, three times… a day/week…) Ex: We come to school on time every day My mother always gets up early _ Dùng để diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lý, phong tục tập quán, tượng tự nhiên Ex: The earth moves around the sun Present progressive tense: (thì tiếp diễn) Hình thức: S + is/am/are + V-ing Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy (trong câu thường có trạng từ như: now, at present, at the moment…) Ex: My father is planting flowers in the garden now Note: số động từ sau không dung HTTD mà dùng HTĐ như: be, see, hear, feel, know, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, test, remember, forget, believe, seem … Simple past tense: (thì khứ đơn) Hình thức: S + V2/ ed S + didn’t + V1 (Wh-) + Did + S +V1? Cách dùng: - Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy kết thúc khứ (Trong câu thường có trạng từ như: ago, yesterday, last night/week/month/year… in + past year) Ex: I visited my old teachers yesterday My mother bought this shirt last month - Một chuỗi hành động nối tiếp xảy khứ EX: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened the door, I saw my cousin, I said hello to him and asked him to come in Past progressive tense: (thì khứ tiếp diễn) Hình thức: S + Were/Was + V-ing Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy vào thời điểm xác đònh khứ Ex: What were you doing at one o’clock yesterday afternoon? _ Dùng để diễn tả việc diễn khứ việc q khứ khác xảy (sự việc diễn ta dùng khứ tiếp diễn, việc khứ khác ta dùng khứ đơn.) Ex: I met my friend when I was coming back home from school _ Dùng để diễn tả hai hành động xảy lúc khứ (thường câu sử dụng từ nối: while, when) Ex: Nam was reading a book while his father was watching TV Present perfect tense: (thì hoàn thành) Hình thức: S + Have/Has + Past Participle (V3/ed) Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả việc xảy khứ không xác đònh thời điểm, kết lien quan đến Ex: I have already seen this play He has lost his keys (He can’t get into his house now.) _ Dùng để diển tả việc vừa xảy Ex: My father has just come home from Paris _ Dùng để diễn tả việc bắt đầu khứ mà tiếp tục đến Ex: They have lived here for years My sister has been sick since yesterday Chú ý: + Trong câu thường có giới từ: For (dùng để khoảng thời gian) Since (dùng để mốc thời gian) + Trong câu thường có “just, already, never, ever” đứng trước V3/-ed + “lately, recently, before” đứng cuối câu + “so far = until now = up to now = up to the present = so on (nghĩa bây giờ) đứng đầu cuối câu “This/ it is the first/ second/ …time, +S +have/has v3/ed several times, many times, …” + Trong câu thường gặp trạng từ “Yet” Trạng từ “Yet” thưòng đặt cuối câu sử dụng câu hỏi câu phủ ñònh nhằm nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa câu Simple future tense: (thì tương lai đơn) Hình thức: S + Will/Shall + Bare infinitive Cách dùng: - Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai, khơng có dự định trước hành động định lúc nói, EX: She won’t go there tomorrow Chú ý: - Khơng dùng tương lai đơn mệnh đề thời gian: I will meet her before she will leave here → leaves - Will/ shall dùng sau động từ hope, believe, think, wish, be sure, be afraid, … EX: I hope I will pass the examination Lưu ý: - “Will” dùng cho tất chủ ngữ “Shall” dùng cho “I” “we” The near future (Thì tương lai gần) be going to inf S + am/ is/ are + going to + V1 + Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả hành xảy mà tượng xuất hay hành động tương lai có dự định trước EX: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain - Khơng dùng tương lai đơn gần với động từ di chuyển go, come…: I’m glad because I am going to go to the cinema tonight → am going @ BÀI TẬP: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: Mr.Tuan always (go) ……………………………………… to work by bus We (start) ………………………………………………… our new school year last month She (receive) ………………………………………… her pen pal’s letter this morning It (not rain) ……………………………………………… in the dry season Lan (take) ………………………………………… her younger brother to the zoo last Sunday I (live) …………………………………………………… here since I was born They (give) ……………………………………… me the letter a few minutes ago When I saw him, he (sit) ……………………………………………… asleep in a chair What you (do) ………………………………………………… at p.m yesterday? 10.My brother (write) …………………………………………… several plays 11.We (learn) ………………………………………………… English now 12.He (write) ………………………………………………… a long novel at present 13.Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) …………………………………………… to you? 14.Where are you? – I’m upstairs I (have) …………………………………………… a bath 15.You (have) …………………………………………………… breakfast yet? 16.My little sister (drink) ……………………………………………… milk every day 17.The doctor sometimes (return) …………………………………………… home late 18.They (have) …………………………………………… lunch in the cafeteria now 19.They often (thank) ………………………………………… me for what I for them 20.His uncle (teach) ………………………………………… English in our school five years ago 21.They (not go) ………………………………………………… to the movies last Sunday 22.You (find) ……………………………………………… my pen yesterday? 23.The light (go) ………………………… out when we (study) …………………………….our lesson 24.There (be) ……………………………… an English class in this room tomorrow evening 25.They (paint) ………………………………………………… the school gate when we came 26.They (build) ………………………………………… a new school in this area next year 27.My brother (work) …………………………………………… in this factory for many years 28.The children (play) ………………………………………… soccer at o’clock yesterday 29.I (see) ………………………………………………… Nga at the bus stop every morning 30.What you (do) ………………………………………………………… last night? 31.It (be) ……………………….… often hot in the summer 32.My mother went to the supermarket yesterday, but she (not buy) ……….……… anything 33.Nam and Ba (play) …………………………… soccer at present 34.My family (go) ………………….………… Da Lat next summer 35.I’d like (tell) …………… ………… you something about my family 36.She needs (eat) ………….………… a lot of vegetables and fruit 37.Please don’t make so much noise I (study)…………………………… 38.The water (boil) ……………………………at 100 degrees Celsius 39.Look! Somebody (climb) ……………………up that tree over there 40.I (not see) ……………………………………her since last week 41.How long you (know) ………………………………… Tom? 42.Hoa (burn) ……………………her hand when she (cook) ……………… …… The dinner 43.While we (cross) ……………….….the street, the policeman (shout) ………… …….at us 44.What you (do) ………………………………at this time yesterday? 45.I hope it (not rain) ……………………when we (start) ………………….early tomorrow 46.My sister (play) ………………………the piano since she (be) ………………….a child 47.I (never forget) ……………………….what you (just tell) ………………………….me 48.He (leave) ………….home two weeks ago and we (not hear) ………………from him since 49.She (win) ……………………….the gold medal in 2004 50.While you (play) ………………… the guitar, I (write) …………………….a letter G WISH SENTENCES: - Dùng để diễn tả ước muốn, điều thật Hình thức: S + WISH / WISHES + S + V2/V-ed / were - Dùng để diễn tả ước muốn, điều thật tương lai Hình thức: S + WISH / WISHES + S + WOULD + INF * Ghi chú: “Past Subjunctive” gọi khứ bàng thái dùng khứ đơn Với động từ “To be” ta dùng “were” cho tất chủ ngữ Ex: He wishes he were a doctor I wish I could speak English fluently Bài tập: * Write sentences beginning with “I wish…” I don’t have time to study ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … I can’t answer the questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My younger brothers play in the street all day …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We are not living in London ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nga is not here ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………… They don’t stay in Da Lat ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … Mai doesn’t know many people in the town …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I’m sorry I can’t go to the party …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Her work isn’t going well ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … 10.They will leave France next week ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11.I’m sorry he gets up so late ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 12.It’s a pity we don’t know where we are ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13.It’s a pity we haven’t a knife ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … 14.I’m sorry I don’t know where you are staying …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15.Nga may make a lot of mistakes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16.My family has to move to Lang Son ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 45 He shouted and looked ( angry / angrier / angrily / anger) at me when I broke the vase 46 He is tired now( so / because/ but / and ) he stayed up late watching TV 47 She sings very ( beauty / beautify / beautiful / beautifully) 48 If the ( pollution / pollute / polluted / polluting ) continues, what will happen ? 49 If it doesn’t rain , we ( go / will go / going / come ) to the movies 50 Everyone must take part in ( prevent / preventing / being prevented/ prevented ) deforestation 51 I suggest ( go/ to go / going / went ) to the movies 52 If you like this book, I will give it ( for / from at / to ) you as my present 53 I was very ( amaze / amazed / amazing / amazement )that you won the first prize 54 I’m disappointed ( that / when / if / how ) people have spoiled this area 55 She is very tired;( moreover /so /and / however ) , she has to finish her homework 56 Is he an actor ( and /or / with / so ) a singer ? 57 She has been ( nominate / nomination / nominated / nominative ) as the president of our company 58 He often takes part ( on / of /to / in) many different charity activities 59 can you tell me the reasons for ( celebrating / celebration / celebrate / celebrated) the Mother’s Day 60 We think that Mother’s Day should be celebrated ( nationhood / nation wide / nationality / nation) 61 He is the most effective ( actor / action / activity / activist ) in the city 95 62 People ( who /whom /which / whose ) take physical exercise can live longer 63 Passover is celebrated in Israel and by all ( English / Vietnamese / Japanese / Jewish) people 64 The men and animals ( who /whom /which /that) you saw on TV were from China 64 I’m very proud ( in /of /off / to ) my father 65 The car (that / who / whom /whose ) he has just bought is very expensive 66.Mount Pinatubo,( which /who /whom /whose) is a vocalno in the Philippines, erupted in 1991 67.We ( don’t meet /didn’t meet / won’t meet / havn’t met ) since we left school 68 I’ll bring some raincoats just in case I hope my friends ( didn’t /won’t / don’t / haven’t) laugh at me 69 In 1995, a huge earthquake ( strike /struck / striking / striked ) the city of Kobe in Japan 70 Ninety percent of ( earthquakes / typhoons / thunderstorms / tornadoes) occur around the Pacific Rim know as the “ Ring of Fire” 71 A ( tsunami / typhoon / thunderstorm / tornado) is a tropical storm which reaches 120 kilometers per hour 72 That is the book ( who / whom /that /whose) he bought last night 73 Easter is a festival (which /who /whom /whose ) occurs in late March or early April 74 According to the weather ( forecast / forecaster / forecasted / forecasting), it will be raining tonight 75 Nowadays, the ( science / scientific / scientists / scientifically) can know when a volcano will erupt 96 76 Daddy, it’s the weather forecast ( in /to /on /at ) TV 78 The man ( Who /whom /which /whose ) helped us last week is a doctor 79 The bike ( who /whom /which /whose ) is used at the circus has only a wheel 80 The roof ( collapse / collapsing / collapsed / collapses ) under the weight of snow last night 81 Many people become ( homeland / homesick / homeless / homework) because of the natural disasters every year 82 Hue will have temparatures ( at /between / in /with) 23 oC and 27 o C 83 Neil Armstrong, ( which /whom /who /whose ) walked on the moon, lived in the USA 84 Sally has been working here since she ( has left / leaves /living / left) college 85 Tornadoes are ( funnel- shaped / tropical / circle – shaped / snow ) storms which pass overland below a thunderstorm 86 (Do /Shall /Will /Would ) I carry the bag for you ? – Oh, thank you 87 My friend, Nigel,( that /which /who /whose ) works in the City Bank, earns much more than I 88 We passed shops ( the /their /which /who) windows were decorated for Christmas 89.I haven’t got a ticket If ( I’d had / I had / I have / I have got ) one, I could get in 90 If I ( lose / will lose /lost / would lost ) the passport, I’ll be in trouble 91 Scientists say that if people see a UFO, it( must be /would be / might be / will be ) an aircraft 92 If there were flying saucers , there ( would be /will be / are /is ) traces of their landing 97 93 He won’t be happy if you ( didn’t /haven’t / don’t /won’t ) come 94 Where would you go if you ( have /has / had /having) a car ? 95 He is ( interest / interesting / interested / interestingly ) in reading picture books 96 There is no ( evident / evidential / evidentially / evidence) that he has been here 97 If he ( is /were /had /be) you, he would this work 98 They are dicussing about the celebration ………………is going to hold (what/ this / that/ it) 99 If you use water wastefully, you …………….to pay a large bill ( has / will have / would have / have) 100 Mary loves ……………… in the river with her friends ( swim / swimming / swam / swims) 101 Lan didn’t come to the party because she had to look …………….her brother ( at / for / forward / after) 102 My friend, Nigel…………….work in the city bank, earms much more than I ( that / which / who / whose) 103 Tonardoes are …………………………………storm which pass overland below a thunderstorm ( a funnel –shape / circle – shape / tropical / snow) 104 Thuy’s grandmother turned the TV………………… to see the weather forecast ( off/ up /on / down) 105 It’s late It’s time for us ……………… home ( go / going /to go / went) 106 I think we should …….a shower instead of a bath to save energy ( took / taking / taken / take) 107 We….happier and healthier if we keep our environment clean ( don’t live / will live / won’t live / lives) 98 108 Mrs Smith has ……………….provided a picnic lunch for us ( kind / kindly / kindness / unkind) 109 She sings very ……………( beauty / beautify / beautiful / beautifully) 110 The Muslims often go to the …………………to pray ( temple / church / mosque /pagoda) 111 many designers took ………………… from Vietnam’s ethnic minorities ( inspiration / impression / fashion / friendliness) 112 We have been classmates ……………… four years ( for / in / from / since) 113 many people are interested ………… the products that save energy ( on /in / to / for) 114 I suggest………………… a picnic in the park ( have / had / to have / having) 115 if it …………………we will go to the movies ( doesn’t rain / didn’t rain / hadn’t rain / won’t rain) 116 Hoa missed the bus …………… she went to school late ( but / so / however / because) 117 Tet is a ………….which occurs in late january or early February ( celebration / holiday / festival / party) 118 My friend Mary ……………….works in the hospital, went abroad two days ago ( which / who / whose / that) 119 My sister will look …………………my baby when I’m away ( in / after / for / between) 120 Why don’t we go …………………….collecting stamps( on / for / about / at) 121 They are looking for an………………power to reduce pollution ( affect / affection / effective / effectively) 122 You should reduce the………………… of water your family uses ( amount / number / much / many) 99 123 Lan always does the work ………………… ( care / careful / carefully / careless) 124 She was tired …………………….she had to continue to work ( because / however / so /as) 125 The baby laughed ………… as she played with her toys ( happy / happily / happilly / happyly) 126 Hoa failed her math test…………she has to the test again ( However / Therefore / Moreover / Because) 127 Auls lang Syne is a song…………………is sung on New Year’s Eve ( when / where / which / it) 128 Mr Hung,………………….is my form teacher, teaches very well ( whom / who / whose / where) 129 What will you if you ………………………….the final examination( pass / passed / passes / will pass) 130 Solar energy doesn’t cause……………… ( pollution / polluted / pollute / to pollute) 131 She was ……………………………because of her bad result ( happy / happily / unhappy / unhappily) 132 tet is the most important ………for Vietnamese people ( celebration / invention / decoration / preperation) 133 If I were you, I…………………do that ( won’t / wouldn’t / don’t / may not) 134 His father was walking when the volcano …………… ( erupted / erupting / was erupting/ to erupt) 135 The woman…………………… son we met yesterday is an engineer ( whose / that / who / which) 100 136 ……………… air is one of the many problems we have to solve ( Pure / Polluted / Dust /Pleasant ) 137 We couldn’t go on a picnic as planted ………………… it was raining hard ( however / but / because / so) 138 If you…………………Joanna, ash her to come and see me ( meet / will meet / met / can meet) 139 Tet is a festival……………… occurs in late January or early february ( it / what / which / who) 140 I think people should use tree leaves for …………………food( wrapping / rolling / making / recycling) 141 Ba is tired …………………………… he stayed up late watching TV ( because / as / since / A,B, and C are correct) 142 If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest ………………… the manufacturer directly ( contact / to contact / contacting / be contacted ) 143 You should get a plumber ……………….the pipes in your bathroom( to check / check / checking / checks) 144 I want everybody to listen …………… ( care / careful / carefully / careless) 145 On tet holidays in Vietnam, family members who live ………try to be together ( alone / apart / again / far) 146 Scientists are thinking of how to use the rise and fall of the …………………….to produre the electricity ( tide / water / sun / moon) 147 Our teacher didn’t come late………………the traffic was terrible ( however / so / though / because ) 148 The architect ………………….is standing near the garage is her uncle ( who / what / which / that) 101 149 A typhoon in Asia is called a ………………………… in Australia ( storm / hurricane / syclone / tornado) 150 Why don’t you bring …….a raincoat ( of / for / along / which) 151 There are many celebrations ……….the year, but the Lunar New Year is the most important for Vietnamese people ( during / throughout/ in / all) 152 You should………….the cooker after you’ve finished the cooking ( turn up / turn down / turn off / turn on) 153 It was raining very ………………so I took my raincoat ( wet / badly / hard / well) 154 helen asked me …….the film called “ Stars war” ( have I seen / have you seen / if I had seen / If had I seen) 155.I suggest ……………… to the movie ( going / go / to go / went) 156 he is the man ………………helped me yesterday ( which / who / whom/ whose) 157 My father has to go to work…………………it is raining hard ( though / but / because / and) 158 The car …………………she has just bought is very modern ( which / where / who / whose) Exercise Conditional sentence : Type I f you (see) ……………………………………………a UFO , what would you do? If Ba (be )………………………………………………… rich , he would travel around the world If Mr Loc (have) -a car , he would drive to work If Lan lived in HCM city , he (visit) -Saigon Park 102 Nam would arrive on time , if he (have ) alarm clock If Nga (own) a piano , she would play well If Tuan (get) better grades , he would study harder If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself If I (know) his address, I ‘d give it to you 10.If he worked more slowly he (not make) -so many mistakes 11.More tourists would come to this country if it (hace) abetter climate 12.If I( win ) a big price in a lottery I’ d give up my job 13.what you (would do) you found a burglar in your house 14.He might get fat If he (stop) smoking 15.If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come) 16.If you (see) someone drowning what would you do? 17.I could get a job easyly , if I (have ) -a degree 18.What would you if the lift (get) stuck between two floors.? 103 19.You wouldn’t have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly 20.I’d climb over the wall if there (not be ) so much broken glass on top of it LIÊN TỪ Exercise Complete the sentences with because / as / since / if / when / or / so We decided to go out to eat we have no food at home He has a very important job -he ia particularly well- paid Can I borrow that book -you’ ve finished it? No one was watching TV -I switched the television off she changed a lot We didn’t recognize her -you are ready , we can start now I am going away for a few days I’ll phone you I get back You should inform the police your bicycle is stolen Mathew went to bed -it was too late to go out 10. -you drive without driving license , you’re breaking the law GIỚI TỪ Exercise “for” and “since” Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using for and since We’ve been fishing -two hours 104 I’ve been working in this office -1970 They’ve been living in France -a month He has been in prison -a year I’ve known that -a long time That man has been standing there -six o’clock She has driven the same car 1975 Things have changed -I was a child The cattle has been boiling -a quarter of an hour 10 The central heating has been on -Octocber 11.That truck has been in the hall -a year 12.He has been you -the last month 13.I’ve been used this machine -twelve years 14.We’ve been waiting half an hour 15 Mr Pit has been in the hospital -his accident 16.He hasn’t spoken to me -the last committee meeting 17.I have been patient with you -several years 18.They have been on strike -November 19.The strike has lasted -six months 20.It has been very foggy early morning 105 Exercise 2: Fill : at , in ,between or if necessary I have to get up ……………………….half past ………………………Monday and Wednesdays They usually stay with her family ………………………………Vietnamese New Year I went swimming ………………………………the weekends They decided to go to the to cinema………………………………Saturday I went to bed early ………………………………………last night The new college term starts …………………………………………September She met her boy friend ………………………………………7 o’clock ………………………………………the morning When is your birthday? It’s -26 March 1993 They went for a walk in the park yesterday evening 10 Hanoi gets very cold ………………………………………the winter 11.Tomorrow morning , there will be a meting 7a.m and 11a.m Exercise 3: Fill: at, in, on, by, with the following senrencse There are a lot of books ………….the table There’s some tea -the shelf the cupboard Shall we meet the coach station? Mary’s not here, she’s the office 106 They are all the car The money is -my pocket Is Ken -the living room? – No, He’s the garden We sometimes go to Haiphong bus Jane normally goes to school the bus 10.The children always go to school ………….foot I Choose the best answer in the brackets to complete the sentences Many people are interested (on/to/in/for) the product that save energy The old man (who/what/which/whom) lives alone in that house is may uncle Mr John turns the TV (off/on/up/down) to see the hot news My elder brother (uses to/is used to/used to /used).eat ice-cream when he was a child Mrs Marry (whom /that/which/ who) draws very well is her teacher of literature I suggest (have/ had/to have/ having) a picnic in the park She wishes she (could visit /visits/ visited/can visit).her grand-parents in NewYork next summer She asked me (what/ if/ that / how) I could speak other language He did not notice the sign (though/ but/ so/ therefore)…it was in front of him 10 This novel (was writing/ is writing/is written/ was written) in the seventeenth century 107 I COMPLETE EACH SENT ENCE USING WHO, WHOM, WHICH , WHERE,THAT , WHOSE , WHEN We’ll soon gather at the village .the festival is taking place Do you know the name of the tourist came and talk about New Year in Canada? I’m looking for a book .tells about traditional festival of Asian peoples I couldn’t go to the show was held in Ha noi last summer This is the photo of the hero our teacher talk about in the lecture My brother has told me about the festival is held in Hue city every two years I recently visited school I used to study five years ago I couldn’t understand the dance I saw at the festival last spring I’m really interested in the present you gave me on my birthday 10 have you seen the photos I took at the camp last week 11Last week we went to Hue is the ancient capital of Viet Nam 12 The woman lives next door to us is the weather caster on the local TV station 13 The shoes I bought were made in Italy 14 What is the name of the lady was wearing the gold dress 15 Ha long Bay .consists of hundreds of beautiful islands, is the world’s heritage 108 16 The cat tail is long doesn’t belong to me 17 Show me the place .the ship sank 18 Jack London wrote “the Call of the Wild” , is a famous American writer 19 This is the house he used to live 20 Next summer holiday , our family will go to Da Lat my sister is living 109 ... /compulsory / optional / national) 25 They used to …………… swimming in the afternoon.(go /going / went / gone) 26 The United States has a ……… of around 250 million (population / separation / addition / introduction)... The ………… language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia (nation / national / nationally / nationality) 10 I wish Mary ……………….harder for her examination (will work / worked / has worked / works) 11 It’s... pen pals for a long time 8) I’m used to…………… ( drive ) on the left when I live in London 9) We used to…………( write) to each other every month when we ………( be) at secondary school 10) I wish I …………………(not