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Match the words in column A with the definitions or explanations in column B 1- fuse A small wire or device that breaks and stops the current if the flow of electricity is too strong A long tube made of rubber used for putting water onto fire, garden, etc A tube through which liquids or gases can flow 2- hose: ống vòi 3- pipe: ống dẫn (nước, dầu) 4- cog: răng, vấu 5- spring: lò xo 6- wrench: chìa vặn đai ốc 7- accelerate: gia tốc 8- compress: nén, đè 9- exhaust: khí 10- spin: quay tròn 11- vacuum(chân không) advancer 12- injector pulse width Bề rộng xung phun 13- firing order Thứ tự nổ 14- dwell(góc ngậm lửa) 15- centrifugal advancer cấu đánhlửa ly One of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel that fit between the teeth on the next wheel and cause it to move A twisted piece of metal that can be pushed or pulled but always returns to its original position afterwards A metal tool with a specially shaped end for holding and turning nuts or bolts Increasing the speed of something Press together, making sth smaller Used air coming out of the engine A component(thành phần) used to alter ignition timing(đúng thời điểm) according to engine load The length of time that a fuel injector is open to spray(bơm) fuel into the engine This time is controlled by a computer or by fuel pressure The order in which the cylinders are on the power stroke and when the spark plugs should fire The length of time that the points are closed or that there is primary(căn bản) current flow(lưu lượng) That mechanism of the distributor assembly which causes ignition timing to advance according to increases in engine speed tâm 16- breakerless ignitions đánh lửa tiếp điểm 17- carburetor Ignition systems that not use breaker points to allow and interrupt primary current flow through the ignition coil A metering device used to mix air and fuel in the proper(đúng thích hợp) ratios to accommodate(điều tiết) the engine’s needs under a variety(trạng thái #) of conditions(điều kiện) Match the words in column A with the definitions or explanations in column B A B 1.urban(thành phố) consumption(tiêu thụ) Cd value running costs resale(bán lại) value braking distance boot capacity a A measure of the car's wind resistance, or drag coefficient(hệ số cản gió) A price(đánh giá) resale(bán lại) value size B a the amount of money you get when you sell your car b how much petrol or diesel the car uses b The amount you spend on petrol, tax, maintenance, etc c The volume of the boot d How much fuel you need driving around town e Brake system which uses a calliper and rotor, or disc, to stop or slow a vehicle f How much you can expect(mong chờ) to get if you sell the car after three years front g The connection of the axles by springs and dampers to the suspension(treo car body which prevents occupants from feeling road shocks trước) disc brakes h The distance between putting your foot down on the brake and the car stopping kerb weight i How much the car weighs when there are no passengers in it and with half a tank of fuel 1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-f; 5-h; 6-c; 7-g; 8-e; 9-i c when customers always buy their cars from the same manufacturer interior features d the amount of money you pay when you buy a car fuel e the car's capacity to go fast and accelerate quickly consumption performance f how big the car is brand loyalty g items inside the car A- VOCABULARY and GRAMMAR An engine is a machine for converting energy into motion or ……………… work A chemical B mechanical C hydraulic D pneumatic The two basic types of piston engines are the …………………… A rotary and reciprocating B pushrod and reciprocating C gasoline and spark-ignition D spark-ignition and compression-ignition The differences between the spark-ignition engine and the compression-ignition are: …………………… A the type of fuel used B the way the fuel gets into the cylinder C the way the fuel is ignited D All of the above Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer, ……………… the diesel engine A did B make C invented D discovered All the following are true about diesel engines EXCEPT ……………… A no throttle valve B high compression ratio C spark plugs make starting easier D speed and power controlled by quantity of fuel injected In the diesel or compression-ignition engine, the fuel mixes air …………… it enters the engine cylinder A before B after C during D by The only …………… engine now used in automobiles is the Wankel engine A rotary B Sterling C piston D hybrid The two fuel systems used with spark-ignition engines are: ……………… A carbureted and diesel B fuel injection and diesel C port and throttle body D fuel injected and carbureted Unlike steam engines and turbines, internal-combustion engines develop no torque when starting, and therefore provision must be made for turning the …………… so that the cycle of operation can begin A camshaft B crankshaft C driveshaft D gearshaft 10 Automobile engines are normally started by means of an electric motor or ………… that is geared to the crankshaft with a clutch that automatically disengages the motor after the engine has started A generator B starter C supercharger D shock absorber 11 The piston engine produces power by the …………… A rotation of the crankshaft B combustion pressure pushing on pistons C valve action D up-and-down movement of pistons 12 To change reciprocating motion to rotary, the engine has …………… A a crankshaft and a camshaft B pistons and connecting rods C camshafts and connecting rods D connecting rods and a crankshaft 13 In all engines some means of igniting the fuel in the cylinder is provided, and ………… the heat of combustion, all engines are equipped with some type of cooling system A although B where C since D because of 14 The three basic cylinder arrangements for automotive engines are ………… A flat, radial, V B in a row, in-line, opposed C in-line, V, opposed D V, double line, opposed 15 An engine with the camshaft in the block operates the valve through …………… A valve lifters B pushrods C rocker arms D All of above 16 As the piston moves up the cylinder, the air-fuel mixture is compressed and the …………… A temperature increases B pressure increases C air-fuel mixture gets hot D All of above 17 At the moment of explosion, the temperature within the cylinder is extremely high Cylinders are therefore provided with ………… , through which water is rapidly circulated A guards B coats C jackets D sumps 18 During combustion of gasoline in the engine ……… A hydrogen unites with oxygen to form water B oxygen unites with carbon to form carbon dioxide C some carbon unites with oxygen to form carbon monoxide D All of above 19 During the ………… stroke, the high pressure created by the burning mixture forces the piston downward A intake B compression C power D exhaust 20 The two kinds of piston rings are ………… A pressure and sealing B oil-scraper and blowby C snap and sealing D compression and oil control 21 The ignition system performs all the following jobs EXCEPT ……… A controls the compression pressure B produces the spark that jumps the sparkplug gap C ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture D delivers the spark at the proper time 22 Piston rings installed upside down may cause …………… A excess oil consumption B broken piston lands C rapid cylinderwall wear D overheating 23 There are two basic types of internal combustion engines: …………… A piston and reciprocating B reciprocating and rotary C reciprocating and pushrod D rotary and spark-ignition 24 A piston stroke is a piston movement from ………… A BDC to TDC B TDC to BDC C both A and B D neither A nor B 25 The correct order in which the four piston strokes occur in the engine is …………… A intake, compression, power, exhaust B intake, power, compression, exhaust C compression, power, intake, exhaust D exhaust, compression, intake, power 26 Most devices on the car are powered by …………… A the engine B electricity C electronics D vacuum 27 The cylinder head forms the upper end of the combustion chamber The lower end is formed by the ……… A piston 26 The ignition system performs all the following jobs EXCEPT…………… A controls the compression pressure B produces the spark that jumps the sparkplug gap C delivers the spark at the proper time D ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture 27 The volume that the piston displaces as it moves from BDC to TDC is the ……… A compression strokeB compression rate C volumetric efficiency D piston displacement 28 The primary purpose of the ………… is to prove inertia to keep the crankshaft rotating during the three no-power-producing strokes of the piston A flywheel B steering wheel C piston D cylinder 23 From the clutch the power flows through the ………… in one of several speeds and is delivered into the rear-axle drive gears A flywheel B springs C transmission D stabilizers 24 Flexible coupling, called universal joints, allows the rear axle housing and the wheels to move up and down while the transmission remains …………… A stationary B moving C rotary D reciprocating 25 The drive shaft is used on front-engine, rear wheel drive vehicles to couple the transmission output shaft to the …………… input shaft A clutch B suspension C wheel D differential 26 The primary purpose of the ………… system is to isolate the car body from the vertical motion of the wheel as they travel over the rough road surface A steering B transmission C suspension D ignition 27 Similar to the …………., the shock absorbers also produce a force that acts to support the weight of the car A gears B springs C rings D rods 28 The shock absorber consists of a cylinder and piston assembly The cylinder is filled with viscous ……… A oil B gasoline C diesel D water 29 Most of the ………… energy of the car is dissipated by the brakes during deceleration and stopping A electrical B chemical C kinetic D lighting 30 The braking force that decelerates the car results from ………… between the disk and the pads A corrosion B friction C wear D erosion 31 Steering functions by rotating the plane of the ……… wheels in the desired direction of the turn A rear B back C front D none is correct 32 One of the purposes of the ………… is to allow each drive wheel to turn at a different speed A transmission B brakes C drive train D differential 33 All have the property that the deflection of the spring is known ………… the spring rate A as B than C so D such 34 Under the normal driving conditions, the brakes ……… in contact with the disk, and the disk is free to rotate A cannot B not C are not D can not 35 All the following provide different gear ratios EXCEPT A manual transmission B automatic transaxle C manual transaxle D clutch 36 In an electronic control system, the devices that provide information are ……… A sensors B outputs C actuators D control units 37 Which of these statements about a closed container is correct? A temperature increases with increasing pressure B pressure increases with increasing temperature C both A and B D neither A nor B 38 The firing order is the ……… A order in which the cylinders are numbered B sequence in which the cylinders deliver their power strokes C direction in which the crankshaft rotates D sequence in which the connecting rods attach along the crankshaft 39 The camshaft is driven by sprockets and chain or toothed belt or by A the distributor shaft B an oil-pump gear C timing gears D a timing belt 40 Valve overlap is the number of degrees of crankshaft rotation during which A both intake and exhaust valves are closed B both intake and exhaust valves are open C the valves are moving from fully closed to the timing point D the valves float 41 The two fuel systems used with spark-ignition engines are A carbureted and diesel B fuel injection and diesel C port and throttle body D fuel injected and carbureted 42 The two locations for the fuel injectors are A in the cylinder and on the intake manifold B in the throttle body and in the intake ports C on the two sides of the air horn D in the intake manifold and in the exhaust manifold 43 All the following are true about diesel engines EXCEPT A no throttle valve B high compression ratio C speed and power controlled by quantity of fuel injected D spark plugs make starting easier 45 The device that provides spark advance by pushing the breaker cam ahead as engine speed increases is the A vacuum advance mechanism B throttle body C primary resistance D centrifugal advance mechanism 46 In the electronic ignition system, the primary circuit is opened and closed by…… A a solenoid B contact points C a mechanism switch D an electronic switch 47 When the gear ratio through the transmission is 1: 1, the transmission is in A overdrive B direct drive C underdrive D neutral 48 In a rear wheel drive vehicle, when the rear wheels move up and down A the drive line changes length B the angle of drive changes C both A and B D neither A nor B 44 The purpose of the glow plug is to A control engine idle speed B provide sparks to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture C warm the fuel D add heat to the precombustion chamber In electronic ignition systems, the ………… are replaced by a switch A differential B breaker points C distributor D piston A …… having a number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders is mounted on the distributor shaft A spark plug B cam C ring D spring WORD FORMS Put the word in brackets in the correct forms Transmissions and transaxles (look).look different They are similar in some ways Both are gear boxes made up of a metal case (contain) containing gears and shafts The case (fill) is filled with oil The transaxle (provide ) provides several different forward gear ratios between the engine and the drive wheels Gear ratio is the difference in rotating speed between the engine and the wheels Other positions are reverse and neutral Reverse (allow) allows the vehicle to move backward Neutral disengages all gears for (start) starting .and running the engine without (move) moving the vehicle When an engine is turning (slow) slowly it cannot produce enough power to get the vehicle (move) moving The transmission gear ratios provide the necessary increase in engine torque (supply) supplied by the engine that turns the wheels to move the car Transmissions and transaxles look different They are similar in some ways Both are gear boxes made up of a metal case containing gears and shafts The case is filled with oil The transaxle provides several different forward gear ratios between the engine and the drive wheels Gear ratio is the difference in rotating speed between the engine and the wheels Other positions are reverse and neutral Reverse allows the vehicle to move backward Neutral disengages all gears for starting and running the engine without moving the vehicle When an engine is turning slowly, it cannot produce enough power to get the vehicle moving The transmission gear ratios provide the necessary increase in engine torque supplied by the engine that turns the wheels to move the car Many vehicles (have) have… an electronic antilock brake system (ABS) It prevents the wheels from (lock)locking… during braking A (lock)locked…… wheel is not very effective in stopping the vehicle The tire skids and loses much of its braking ability The antilock brake system (automatical)automatically…… reduces the pressure on the fluid at each wheel that is about to lock This provides the most effective (brake)braking…… Many vehicles have an electronic antilock brake system (ABS) It prevents the wheels from locking during braking A locked wheel is not very effective in stopping the vehicle The tire skids and loses much of its braking ability The antilock brake system automatically reduces the pressure on the fluid at each wheel that is about to lock This provides the most effective braking TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE INTO VIETNAMESE Many devices and systems on the car require an electronic control system for safe and proper operation They include electronic control of transmission and transaxles, suspension and steering, and antilock-brake and traction-control systems A basic control system has three parts These are the inputs, the control unit, and the outputs The inputs are switches and sensors They provide information to the electronic control module ECM It then decides how much change to make, if any Then the ECM signals the output devices or actuators to take the required action On most engines, an electronic engine control system EEC controls the ignition and fuel injection systems In the EEC system, the electronic control module usually has a selfdiagnostic capability This means memory stores information about faults or malfunctions that have occurred and perhaps disappeared A malfunction is an improper or incorrect operation When recalled from the memory, this stored information helps the technician diagnose and repair the vehicle Springs, shock absorbers, and related parts between the wheels and the car body make up the suspension system A spring at each wheel supports the weight of the vehicle and the load it is carrying The springs allow the wheels to move up and down as they meet holes and bumps in the road As the wheels this, the springs absorb most of the motion Automobile suspension systems have four types of springs These are coil springs, leaf springs, torsion-bar springs and air springs The steering system enables the driver to turn the front wheels left or right This changes the direction of vehicle travel Steering starts at steering wheel in front of the driver As it is turned, shafts and gears act on linkage which connects to the front wheels The wheels swing to the right or left The vehicle then follows the direction in which the front wheels point To apply the brakes, the driver pushes down on the brake pedal This sends fluid under pressure to a brake assembly at each wheel In the brake assembly, the fluid forces a stationary part against a rotating part The friction between the two parts slows or stops the rotating part and the wheel This slows and stops the car The car has two sources of electricity One is the battery The other is the alternator in the charging system The battery supplies electricity while the engine is off and for cranking the engine After the engine starts, the alternator recharges the battery and supplies power for the electrical load