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Match the words in column A with the definitions or explanations in column B

1- fuse A small wire or device that breaks and stops the current if the flow

of electricity is too strong

2- hose: ống vòi A long tube made of rubber used for putting water onto fire,

garden, etc

3- pipe: ống dẫn

(nước, dầu)

A tube through which liquids or gases can flow

4- cog: răng, vấu. One of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel that fit between the

teeth on the next wheel and cause it to move

5- spring: lò xo A twisted piece of metal that can be pushed or pulled but always

returns to its original position afterwards

6- wrench: chìa vặn

đai ốc

A metal tool with a specially shaped end for holding and turning nuts or bolts

7- accelerate: gia tốc Increasing the speed of something

8- compress: nén, đè Press together, making sth smaller

9- exhaust: sự thoát

khí

Used air coming out of the engine

10- spin: sự quay tròn.

11- vacuum(chân

không) advancer

A component(thành phần) used to alter ignition timing(đúng thời điểm) according

to engine load

12- injector pulse

width

Bề rộng xung phun

The length of time that a fuel injector is open to spray(bơm) fuel

into the engine This time is controlled by a computer or by fuel pressure

13- firing order

Thứ tự thì nổ

The order in which the cylinders are on the power stroke and when the spark plugs should fire

14- dwell(góc ngậm

lửa) The length of time that the points are closed or that there is primary(căn bản) current flow(lưu lượng)

15- centrifugal

advancer cơ cấu đánhlửa ly

tâm.

That mechanism of the distributor assembly which causes ignition timing to advance according to increases in engine speed

16- breakerless

ignitions đánh lửa tiếp điểm

Ignition systems that do not use breaker points to allow and interrupt primary current flow through the ignition coil 17- carburetor A metering device used to mix air and fuel in the proper(đúng

thích hợp) ratios to accommodate(điều tiết) the engine’s needs under a variety(trạng thái #) of conditions(điều kiện)

Match the words in column A with the definitions or explanations in column B

phố)

consumption(tiêu

thụ)

a A measure of the car's wind resistance, or drag coefficient(hệ

số cản gió)

2 Cd value b The amount you spend on petrol, tax, maintenance, etc

3 running costs c The volume of the boot

4 resale(bán lại)

value

d How much fuel you need driving around town

distance

e Brake system which uses a calliper and rotor, or disc, to stop

or slow a vehicle

6 boot capacity f How much you can expect(mong chờ) to get if you sell the

car after three years

suspension(treo

trước)

g The connection of the axles by springs and dampers to the car body which prevents occupants from feeling road shocks

8 disc brakes h The distance between putting your foot down on the brake

and the car stopping

9 kerb weight i How much the car weighs when there are no passengers in it

and with half a tank of fuel

1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-f; 5-h; 6-c; 7-g; 8-e; 9-i

1 price(đánh giá) a the amount of money you get when you sell your car

2 resale(bán lại)

value

b how much petrol or diesel the car uses

3 size c when customers always buy their cars from the same

manufacturer

4 interior features d the amount of money you pay when you buy a car

consumption

e the car's capacity to go fast and accelerate quickly

6 performance f how big the car is

7 brand loyalty g items inside the car

A- VOCABULARY and GRAMMAR

1 An engine is a machine for converting energy into motion or ……… work

A chemical B mechanical C hydraulic D pneumatic

2 The two basic types of piston engines are the ………

A rotary and reciprocating B pushrod and reciprocating

C gasoline and spark-ignition D spark-ignition and compression-ignition

3 The differences between the spark-ignition engine and the compression-ignition are:

………

A the type of fuel used B the way the fuel gets into the cylinder

C the way the fuel is ignited D All of the above

4 Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer, ……… the diesel engine

5 All the following are true about diesel engines EXCEPT ………

A no throttle valve B high compression ratio

C spark plugs make starting easier D speed and power controlled by quantity of fuel injected

6 In the diesel or compression-ignition engine, the fuel mixes air ……… it enters the engine cylinder

7 The only ……… engine now used in automobiles is the Wankel engine

8 The two fuel systems used with spark-ignition engines are: ………

A carbureted and diesel B fuel injection and diesel

C port and throttle body D fuel injected and carbureted

9 Unlike steam engines and turbines, internal-combustion engines develop no torque when starting, and therefore provision must be made for turning the ……… so that the cycle of operation can begin

A camshaft B crankshaft C driveshaft D gearshaft

10 Automobile engines are normally started by means of an electric motor or ………… that is geared to the crankshaft with a clutch that automatically disengages the motor after the engine has started

A generator B starter C supercharger D shock absorber

11 The piston engine produces power by the ………

A rotation of the crankshaft B combustion pressure pushing on pistons

12 To change reciprocating motion to rotary, the engine has ………

A a crankshaft and a camshaft B pistons and connecting rods

C camshafts and connecting rods D connecting rods and a crankshaft

13 In all engines some means of igniting the fuel in the cylinder is provided, and

………… the heat of combustion, all engines are equipped with some type of cooling system

14 The three basic cylinder arrangements for automotive engines are …………

A flat, radial, V B in a row, in-line, opposed

C in-line, V, opposed D V, double line, opposed

15 An engine with the camshaft in the block operates the valve through ………

A valve lifters B pushrods C rocker arms D All of above

16 As the piston moves up the cylinder, the air-fuel mixture is compressed and the

………

A temperature increases B pressure increases

C air-fuel mixture gets hot D All of above

17 At the moment of explosion, the temperature within the cylinder is extremely high Cylinders are therefore provided with ………… , through which water is rapidly

circulated

18 During combustion of gasoline in the engine ………

A hydrogen unites with oxygen to form water B oxygen unites with carbon to form carbon dioxide

C some carbon unites with oxygen to form carbon monoxide D All of above

19 During the ………… stroke, the high pressure created by the burning mixture forces the piston downward

20 The two kinds of piston rings are …………

A pressure and sealing B oil-scraper and blowby C snap and sealing D compression and oil control

21 The ignition system performs all the following jobs EXCEPT ………

A controls the compression pressure B produces the spark that jumps the spark-plug gap

C ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture D delivers the spark at the proper time

22 Piston rings installed upside down may cause ………

A excess oil consumption B broken piston lands C rapid

23 There are two basic types of internal combustion engines: ………

rotary

C reciprocating and pushrod D rotary and spark-ignition

24 A piston stroke is a piston movement from …………

A BDC to TDC B TDC to BDC C both A and B D neither A nor B

25 The correct order in which the four piston strokes occur in the engine is ………

A intake, compression, power, exhaust B intake, power, compression, exhaust

C compression, power, intake, exhaust D exhaust, compression, intake, power

26 Most devices on the car are powered by ………

A the engine B electricity C electronics D vacuum

27 The cylinder head forms the upper end of the combustion chamber The lower end is formed by the ………

A piston

26 The ignition system performs all the following jobs EXCEPT………

A controls the compression pressure B produces the spark that jumps the spark-plug gap

C delivers the spark at the proper time D ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture

27 The volume that the piston displaces as it moves from BDC to TDC is the ………

A compression strokeB compression rate C volumetric efficiency D piston

displacement

28 The primary purpose of the ………… is to prove inertia to keep the crankshaft

rotating during the three no-power-producing strokes of the piston

A flywheel B steering wheel C piston D cylinder

23 From the clutch the power flows through the ………… in one of several speeds and

is delivered into the rear-axle drive gears

A flywheel B springs C transmission D stabilizers

24 Flexible coupling, called universal joints, allows the rear axle housing and the wheels

to move up and down while the transmission remains ………

25 The drive shaft is used on front-engine, rear wheel drive vehicles to couple the

transmission output shaft to the ……… input shaft

26 The primary purpose of the ………… system is to isolate the car body from the

vertical motion of the wheel as they travel over the rough road surface

A steering B transmission C suspension D ignition

27 Similar to the …………., the shock absorbers also produce a force that acts to support the weight of the car

28 The shock absorber consists of a cylinder and piston assembly The cylinder is filled with viscous ………

29 Most of the ………… energy of the car is dissipated by the brakes during

deceleration and stopping

A electrical B chemical C kinetic D lighting

30 The braking force that decelerates the car results from ………… between the disk and the pads

31 Steering functions by rotating the plane of the ……… wheels in the desired direction

of the turn

32 One of the purposes of the ………… is to allow each drive wheel to turn at a different speed

A transmission B brakes C drive train D differential

33 All have the property that the deflection of the spring is known ………… the spring rate

34 Under the normal driving conditions, the brakes ……… in contact with the disk, and the disk is free to rotate

35 All the following provide different gear ratios EXCEPT

A manual transmission B automatic transaxle C manual

36 In an electronic control system, the devices that provide information are ………

A sensors B outputs C actuators D control units

37 Which of these statements about a closed container is correct?

A temperature increases with increasing pressure B pressure increases with increasing temperature

38 The firing order is the ………

A order in which the cylinders are numbered B sequence in which the cylinders deliver their power strokes

C direction in which the crankshaft rotates D sequence in which the connecting rods attach along the crankshaft

39 The camshaft is driven by sprockets and chain or toothed belt or by

A the distributor shaft B an oil-pump gear C timing gears D a timing belt

40 Valve overlap is the number of degrees of crankshaft rotation during which

A both intake and exhaust valves are closed B both intake and exhaust valves are open

C the valves are moving from fully closed to the timing point D the valves float

41 The two fuel systems used with spark-ignition engines are

A carbureted and diesel B fuel injection and diesel C port and throttle body D fuel injected and carbureted

42 The two locations for the fuel injectors are

A in the cylinder and on the intake manifold B in the throttle body and in the intake ports

C on the two sides of the air horn D in the intake manifold and in the exhaust manifold

43 All the following are true about diesel engines EXCEPT

A no throttle valve B high compression ratio

C speed and power controlled by quantity of fuel injected D spark plugs make starting easier

45 The device that provides spark advance by pushing the breaker cam ahead as engine speed increases is the

A vacuum advance mechanism B throttle body

C primary resistance D centrifugal advance mechanism

46 In the electronic ignition system, the primary circuit is opened and closed by……

A a solenoid B contact points C a mechanism switch D an electronic switch

47 When the gear ratio through the transmission is 1: 1, the transmission is in

A overdrive B direct drive C underdrive D neutral

48 In a rear wheel drive vehicle, when the rear wheels move up and down

A the drive line changes length B the angle of drive changes C both A and B

D neither A nor B

44 The purpose of the glow plug is to

A control engine idle speed B provide sparks to ignite the

compressed air-fuel mixture

C warm the fuel D add heat to the precombustion chamber

1 In electronic ignition systems, the ………… are replaced by a switch

A differential B breaker points C distributor D piston

2 A …… having a number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders is mounted on the distributor shaft

WORD FORMS Put the word in brackets in the correct forms

Transmissions and transaxles (look).look different They are similar in some ways Both are gear boxes made up of a metal case (contain) containing gears and shafts The case (fill) is filled with oil The transaxle (provide ) provides several different forward gear ratios between the engine and the drive wheels Gear ratio is the difference

in rotating speed between the engine and the wheels Other positions are reverse and neutral Reverse (allow) allows the vehicle to move backward Neutral disengages all gears for (start) starting and running the engine without (move) moving the

vehicle When an engine is turning (slow) slowly it cannot produce enough power to get the vehicle (move) moving The transmission gear ratios provide the necessary increase in engine torque (supply) supplied by the engine that turns the wheels to move the car

Transmissions and transaxles look different They are similar in some ways Both are gear boxes made up of a metal case containing gears and shafts The case is filled with oil The transaxle provides several different forward gear ratios between the engine and the drive wheels Gear ratio is the difference in rotating speed between the engine and the wheels Other positions are reverse and neutral Reverse allows the vehicle to move backward Neutral disengages all gears for starting and running the engine without moving the vehicle When an engine is turning slowly, it cannot produce enough power to get the vehicle moving The transmission gear ratios provide the necessary increase in engine torque supplied by the engine that turns the wheels to move the car

Many vehicles (have) have… an electronic antilock brake system (ABS) It prevents the wheels from (lock)locking… during braking A (lock)locked…… wheel is not very effective in stopping the vehicle The tire skids and loses much of its braking ability The

antilock brake system (automatical)automatically…… reduces the pressure on the fluid at each wheel that is about to lock This provides the most effective (brake)braking……

Many vehicles have an electronic antilock brake system (ABS) It prevents the wheels from locking during braking A locked wheel is not very effective in stopping the vehicle The tire skids and loses much of its braking ability The antilock brake system automatically reduces the pressure on the fluid at each wheel that is about to lock This provides the most effective braking

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE INTO VIETNAMESE

Many devices and systems on the car require an electronic control system for safe and proper operation

They include electronic control of transmission and transaxles, suspension and steering, and antilock-brake and traction-control systems

A basic control system has three parts These are the inputs, the control unit, and the outputs The inputs are switches and sensors They provide information to the electronic control module ECM It then decides how much change to make, if any

Then the ECM signals the output devices or actuators to take the required action

On most engines, an electronic engine control system EEC controls the ignition and fuel injection systems In the EEC system, the electronic control module usually has a self-diagnostic capability This means memory stores information about faults or malfunctions that have occurred and perhaps disappeared A malfunction is an improper or incorrect operation When recalled from the memory, this stored information helps the technician diagnose and repair the vehicle

Springs, shock absorbers, and related parts between the wheels and the car body make up the suspension system A spring at each wheel supports the weight of the vehicle and the load it is carrying The springs allow the wheels to move up and down as they meet holes and bumps in the road As the wheels do this, the springs absorb most of the motion

Automobile suspension systems have four types of springs These are coil springs, leaf springs, torsion-bar springs and air springs

The steering system enables the driver to turn the front wheels left or right This changes the direction of vehicle travel Steering starts at steering wheel in front of the driver As it

is turned, shafts and gears act on linkage which connects to the front wheels The wheels swing to the right or left The vehicle then follows the direction in which the front wheels point

To apply the brakes, the driver pushes down on the brake pedal This sends fluid under pressure to a brake assembly at each wheel In the brake assembly, the fluid forces a stationary part against a rotating part The friction between the two parts slows or stops the rotating part and the wheel This slows and stops the car

The car has two sources of electricity One is the battery The other is the alternator in the charging system The battery supplies electricity while the engine is off and for cranking the engine After the engine starts, the alternator recharges the battery and supplies power for the electrical load