ON TAP TUYEN SINH 10 THPT

Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT A LÝ THUYẾT VỀ CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP I CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (TENSES) The Present simple tense : (Thì đơn) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì đơn dùng để diễn tả : - Một thói quen, hành động xảy thường xuyên EX : I go to school every day (Mỗi ngày học) - Một thật hiển nhiên EX : The Earth turns around the Sun (Trái đất quay quanh Mặt trời) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S (I/We/They/You/Danh từ số nhiều) + VInf (động từ nguyên mẫu) S (He/She/It/Tên riêng/Danh từ số ít) + VS/ES EX1 : We go to school by bike every day (Mỗi ngày học xe đạp) EX2 : He usually gets up at (Anh thường thức dậy lúc giờ) * Thể phủ định : S (I/We/They/You/Danh từ số nhiều) + not (don’t) + VInf (động từ nguyên mẫu) S (He/She/It/Tên riêng/Danh từ số ít) + does not (doesn’t) + VInf (động từ nguyên mẫu) EX1 : I don’t have Maths on Tuesday (Tơi khơng có tiết Tốn vào Thứ Ba) EX2 : Long doesn’t play soccer after school (Long khơng chơi đá bóng sau học) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : + S (I/We/They/You/Danh từ số nhiều) + VInf (động từ nguyên mẫu) ? Does + S (He/She/It/Tên riêng/Danh từ số ít) + VInf (động từ nguyên mẫu) ? Do EX1 : Where you live ? (Bạn sống đâu ?) EX2 : What does she after school ? (Cơ làm sau học ?) * Lưu ý : - Nếu động từ tận o, s, x, sh, ch, z ngơi thứ ba số thêm –es EX1 : He goes to school by bus every day (Mỗi ngày cậu học xe buýt) EX2 : My father usually watches TV in the evening (Cha thường xem tivi vào buổi tối) - Nếu động từ tận y mà trước y phụ âm ngơi thứ ba số ta đổi y thành i thêm –es EX : study → studies ; carry → carries worry → worries ; cry → cries This baby often cries when his mother is out.(Đứa bé thường khóc mẹ vắng) Lan sometimes worries about her tests (Đôi Lan lo lắng cho kiểm tra cô ấy) - Nếu động từ tận y mà trước y ngun âm ngơi thứ ba số ta giữ nguyên y thêm -s EX : play → playes ; lay → lays Minh plays soccer after school (Minh chơi đá bóng sau học) Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT - Động từ have (có) ngơi thứ ba số ta đổi thành has EX : Hoa has English on Tuesday (Hoa có tiết Tiếng Anh vào Thứ Ba) - Động từ be chia sau : I + am → I’m He/She/It/ Tên riêng/ Danh từ số + is We/They/You/ Danh từ số nhiều + are c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì đơn dùng câu có từ sau : - Trạng từ độ thường xuyên : always / all the time (luôn luôn), usually/frequently/often/generally/normally (thường xuyên), sometimes/at times/occasionally (đô khi), rarely/seldom/hardly ever (ít khi), now and then/once in a while (thỉnh thoảng), never (không bao giờ) - Every + thời gian : every day (mỗi ngày) , every week(mỗi tuần), every month(mỗi tháng), every year (mỗi năm), evry morning (mỗi buổi sáng), every Monday (mỗi ngày thứ Hai ),… The Present continous tense : (Thì tiếp diễn) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động xảy EX : The techer is reading now (Bây thầy giáo đọc bài) - Một hành động xảy tương lai gần có chủ định EX : John is coming here next week and is satying here until June (Tuần tới John định đến đâyvà lại tháng 6) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V-ing EX1 : We are listening to music now (Bây nghe nhạc) EX2 : He is writing a letter at present (Hiện anh viết thư ) * Thể phủ định : S + am / is / are + not + V-ing … EX : They are not (aren’t) watching TV now (Bây họ không xem TV) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? EX : What are you doing now? (Bạn làm vậy?) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì tiếp diễn dùng câu có từ thời gian sau : now/at the moment/at present/ at the present time (bây giờ), right now (ngay bây giờ) The Past simple tense : (Thì khứ đơn) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì q khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động xảy khứ rõ rệt xác định, có nói rõ thời gian EX : I saw him yesterday (Tôi gặp ngày hôm qua) - Một hành động xảy trong khứ hoàn toàn chấm dứt khứ EX : Worls war II lasted years (Chiến tranh giới thứ II kéo dài năm) - Một thói quen khứ EX : When he was young, he got up early every day (Khi trẻ, thường thức dậy sớm) Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT để diễn tả thói quen q khứ (khơng * Lưu ý : Ta sử dụng used to + VInf tồn tại) EX : When he was young, he used to get up early every day (Khi trẻ, thường thức dậy sớm) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + V2/-ed EX1 : We played tennis yesterday (Hôm qua chơi quần vợt) EX2 : He wrote a letter last night (Tối qua anh viết thư ) * Thể phủ định : S + did + not (didn’t) + VInf … EX : I didn’t go to school yesterday (Hôm qua không học) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Did + S + VInf …? EX : Where did she stay last night ? (Tối qua cô ta đâu?) * Lưu ý : - Đối với động từ có quy tắc ta thêm –ed EX : last → lasted ; want → wanted finish → finished; happen → happened - Đối với động từ bất quy tắc ta lấy cột động từ bảng động từ bất quy tắc EX : go → went ; eat → ate buy→ bought ; → did - Nếu động từ tận e hay ee ta thêm –d EX : hope→ hoped ; agree → agreed - Nếu động từ tận y mà trước y phụ âm ngơi thứ ba số ta đổi y thành i thêm –ed EX : study → studied ; carry → carried worry → worried; cry → cried - Nếu động từ tận y mà trước y ngun âm ngơi thứ ba số ta giữ nguyên y thêm -ed EX : play → played - Đối với động từ có vần tận phụ âm (ngoại trừ h, w, x, y) mà trước phụ âm nguyên âm ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối trước thêm –ed EX : stop → stopped ; beg → begged (Tuy nhiên : relax → relaxed , không relaxxed) - Đối với động từ có từ hai vần trở lên, tận phụ âm (ngoại trừ h, w, x, y) mà trước phụ âm nguyên âm trọng âm vần cuối ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối trước thêm –ed EX : permit → permitted ; occur → occurred (Tuy nhiên : develop→ developed , không developped) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì khứ đơn dùng câu có từ thời gian sau : - Yesterday (Hôm qua) Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT - Last + thời gian : last night (tối qua) , last week(tuần qua/tuần ), last month(tháng trước/tháng qua), last year (năm trước/ năm rồi),… - Thời gian + ago : days ago (3 ngày trước) , five years ago (5 năm trước ), … The Past continuous tense : (Thì q khứ tiếp diễn) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì khứ tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động xảy điểm thời gian xác định khứ EX : It was raining at seven o’clock yesterday (Trời mưa vào lúc ngày hôm qua) - Một hành động xảy khứ có hành động (sự kiện) khác cắt ngang (mệnh đệ có chứa “When”) EX : I was sleeping when the phone rang (Điện thoại reo lên ngủ) - Hai hành động song song diễn lúc thời điểm khứ (mệnh đệ có chứa “While”) EX : While I was having a bath, my sister was playing piano (Tôi tắm em gái chơi đàn piano) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + was/were + V-ing EX : We were listening to music at this time yesterday (giờ hôm qua nghe nhạc) * Thể phủ định : S + was/were + not (wasn’t/weren’t) + V-ing … EX : She was not (wasn’t) watching TV at last night (Hồi tối hôm qua co không xem TV) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Was/Were + S + V-ing …? EX : What were you doing When they came ? (Bạn làm họ đến ?) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì tiếp diễn dùng câu có từ sau : - Thời điểm cụ thể khứ : o’clock yesterday (8 tối hôm qua), at this time last week (vào tuần rối), at that time last Sunday (vào Chủ vừa qua), … - While (Trong đó) The future simple tense : (Thì tương lai đơn) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động (có thể/ có lẽ) xảy tương lai EX1 : He will be here tomorrow (Anh có mặt vào ngày mai) EX2 : I think it will rain tomorrow (Tôi nghĩ ngày mai trời mưa) - Một ý kiến, giả thiết, suy nghĩ, dự tưởng người nói tương lai EX1 : I’m sure she will come back (Tôi cô trở về) EX2 : Perhaps they will find the baby in the park (Có lẽ họ tìm thấy đứa trẻ cơng viên) - Một thói quen tương lai mà ta giả thiết xảy EX : Spring will come again (Mùa xuân lại về) - Một định, ý định đưa lúc nói EX : The phone is ringing, I will answer it (Điện thoại reo, để tơi nhấc máy cho) Ơn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + shall/ will + VInf - Shall : dùng với thứ (I / We) - Will : dùng với tất khác (They/You/He/She/It/Tên riêng/…) EX1 : We shall go (Chúng đi) EX2 : He will come (Anh đến ) Tuy nhiên, ngày nay, ta dùng will cho tất chủ ngữ EX1 : We will go (Chúng đi) EX2 : He will come (Anh đến ) * Thể phủ định : S + will+ not (won’t) + VInf … EX : I won’t come to the party tonight (Tối không dự tiệc) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Will+ S + VInf …? EX : When will you return ? (Khi bạn trở lại?) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì tương lai đơn dùng câu có từ thời gian sau : - Tomorrow (Ngày mai) từ với tomorrow - Next + thời gian : next week (tuần tới ), next month(tháng tới), next year (năm tới), next Saturday (Thứ Bảy tới), … - In future/ In the future (Trong tương lai) - Some day (Một ngày đó) - Soon (Chẳng nữa) - Sooner or later (Không sớm muộn) The Present perfect tense : (Thì hồn thành) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động bắt đầu khứ kéo dài đến EX : He has lived there since 1990 (Ơng sốngở từ năm 1990) → Hiện ơng ta sống - Một hành động xảy khứ không nêu rõ thời điểm cụ thể EX : I have read this book before (Tôi đọc sách trước đây) - Một hành động vừa xảy khứ EX : They have just left here about 30 minutes (Họ vừa rời khỏi khoảng 30 phút) - Một hành động chưa hoàn tất EX : I have not met her yet (Tôi chưa gặp cô ấy) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + has / have + Ved/3 EX : My father has worked for his company for years * Thể phủ định : Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT S + has/have+ not (hasn’t/haven’t) + Ved/3 … EX : I haven’t finished my work yet (Tơi chưa hồn thành cơng việc mình) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Has/Have + S + Ved/3 …? EX : Have you ever been to France ? (Bạn có Pháp chưa?) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì hồn thành dùng câu có từ thời gian sau : - already (đã rồi), yet/not yet/ever (có bao giờ), never (chưa bao giờ), so far (từ trước đến nay), just (vừa mới), recently/lately (gần đây), up to now/ until now/ up to the present (cho đến nay/ bây giờ) - since + điểm thời gian : since 1990 (từ năm 1990 ), since last week (từ tuần rối ), since o’clock (từ lúc ), … - for + khoảng thời gian : for hours (khoảng giờ) , for days (khoảng ngày), for months (khoảng tháng), for years (khoảng năm),… The Past perfect tense : (Thì q khứ hồn thành) a Cơng dụng (Use) : Thì q khứ hồn thành dùng để diễn tả : - Một hành động xảy trước thời điểm khứ EX : I had finished my homework before o’clocked last night (Tôi làm xong tập nhà trước tối hôm qua) - Một hành động hay kiện xảy trước hành động khác khứ EX1 : She had phoned me before you went there (Cô gọi cho trước bạn đến đó) EX2 : He came home after he had left here (Anh nhà sau rời khỏi đây) b Cách thành lập (Form ) : * Thể khẳng định : S + had + Ved/3 EX : My father had worked here before 2000 * Thể phủ định : S + had+ not (hadn’t) + Ved/3 … EX : I hadn’t finished my work before lunchtime yesterday (Tơi chưa hồn thành cơng việc trước ăn trưa hơm qua) * Thể nghi vấn (Câu hỏi) : Had + S + Ved/3 …? EX : Where had you gone before you came here ? (Anh đâu trước đến đây?) c Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Markers): Thì khứ hồn thành dùng câu có từ thời gian sau : - after (sau khi), before (trước khi), as soon as (ngay sau khi), … - When + mệnh đề khứ EX : When I reached the bus stop, the bus had already left (Khi tơi đến trạm xe bt chạy rồi) Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT * Lưu ý : Một số động từ khơng chia tiếp diễn : - Động từ be, begin/start (bắt đầu) - Các động từ tri giác : see ( thấy, nhận thấy), smell ( ngửi), taste ( nếm), sound ( nghe có vẻ), understand ( hiểu), know ( biết), … - Các động từ sở thích, ý muốn : love ( yêu), like ( thích), dislike ( khơng thích), hate ( ghét), want( muốn), need ( cần), prefer ( thích hơn) - Các động từ sở hữu : have ( có), own/possess ( sở hữu), belong to ( thuộc về), content ( chứa đựng ), … → Nếu câu có từ nhận biết để chia tiếp diễn mà có động từ nêu ta chuyển sang đơn tương ứng Ví dụ : Hiện tiếp diễn → đơn, khứ tiếp diễn → khứ đơn EX : I (understand) you now → understand (không chia am understanding ) EXERCISES Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses : I (buy) a good dictionary yesterday morning She rarely (take) a bath after dinner you (take) a trip next summer ? When we met the Smiths, they (live) in California He (turn) on the fan now So far, I (not, see) a camel Before the doctor (come) , two people had died She (walk) very quickly when I (meet) her yesterday I (get) up early the day before yesterday 10 you (have) dinner yet ? 11 What you (do) the day after tomorrow ? 12 When the war (end) , we were living in the countyside 13 Last night, my father (arrive) home at half past ten He (have) a bath and then (go) to bed 14 He (sit) on a chair at o’clock last night 15 She always (go) to sleep before her mother does 16 The bell rang whlie I (have) lunch 17 The war (break) out before I was born 18 The telephone rang while I (take) my shower this morning 19 Listen ! Someone (knock) at the door 20 Alice and Mary (put) away the dinner dishes right now 21 Yesterday I (walk) along the street when I (realize) a man with a black beard, Whom I (see) three times already, (follow) me 22 After she (go) , he went to sleep 23 The performance (begin) at o’clock and (last) for three hours We all (enjoy) it 24 The war began while he (live) in France 25 Look ! A boy (run) after a dog He (want) to catch it 26 Marconi (invent) radio a long time ago 27 We (learn) grammar right a the moment 28 He thanked me for What I (do) 29 I (know) him for a very long time 30 He had already learned French before he (go) to France 31 He (wear) his best clothes when I (meet) him yesterday Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT 32 In what year World War (break) out ? 33 My parents (come) to stay with me next month 34 As soon as he (go) away, I wanted to see him again 35 Goodbye, Diana I never (forget) you, I (miss) you more than anyone I ever (know) in my life 36 In France, birds (fly) to the South before winter comes 37 John and Tom ( write) letters at this moment 38 She (not, speak) to me for over a month 39 She said that she already (see) the Eiffel Tower 40 Last night, while I (sleep) , a thief (break) into my house 41 I (spend) thi weekend in Dalat I (go) there nearly everymonth 42 She (play) the violin when we (come) last night 43 They just (live) here 44 It always ( snow) in winter It (snow) now 45 I (not,see) her for five years I wondered where she is 46 My bicycle isn’t here any more Somebody (take) it 47 We (talk) to another man when I (see) him yesterday 48 I (read) a book when the electricity was disconnected 49 You (visit) One-Pillar Pagoda when you were in Hanoi ? 50 There (be) no intelligent life on the moon Exercise : Choose the best option to complete the following sentences : My father tea almost every morning A drinks B drank C will drink D is drinking _ Lan take her pen pal to Hoan Kiem Lake yesterday ? A Was B Were C Does D Did They _ a new shop since last week A opened B were opened C were opening D have opened How long _ Dam Sen Amusement Park ? A you visit B did you visit C have you visited D were you visiting We our form teacher since last Monday A didn’t see B haven’t seen C weren’t seeing D not saw The crowd suddenly _ quiet when he came in A become B becomes C became D was becoming The boy fell down while he A is running B ran C was running D runs My fathre usually gets up at every morning, then _ to his office at A goes B went C will go D has gone He a newspaper reporter before he became a teacher A had been B have been C was D would be 10 Yoko has just gone to Kuala Lumpur He has never there before A being B went C been D be 11 What _ at pm yesterday ? A are you doing B did you C were you doing D have you done 12 We _ this color TV for over ten years A were using B used C have used D are using 13 In the 1980s Jeans finally high fashion clothing A have become B becomes C became D become 14 She generally sings in French but she _ in English now A sings B is singing C will sing D has sung Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT 15 After we _ our car, we got down for a walk A parked B have parked C were parking D had parked 16 I to talk to you now A am wanting B wanted C will want D want 17 The police _ for the theif everywhere when he suddenly appeared in th theatre A search B have searched C are seraching D were searching 18 Nam was very tired He _ for an hour A has run B was running C ran D had run 19 When I _ school, my class had started A reach B reached C was reaching D had reached 20 Your hair is very wet You for a long time A had swum B swam C are swimming D has swum 21. yet ? – Nearly A Do you finish B Have you finished C Are you finishing D Did you finish 22 Where _ all this morning ? It’s nearly midday A are you being B are you C have you been D were you 23 Every morning he _ his teeth A is brushing B brushed C brush D brushes 24 The train _ half an hour ago A left B was leaving C has left D had left 25 It _ every day so far this month A is raining B rained C rains D has rained 26 He me his name after he had left A tells B was telling C will tell D told 27.My father was reading while my mother _ A sewed B sews C was sewing D is sewing 28 He football when he was a boy A plays B played C has played D had played 29 They left the garden after they many flowers A have gathered B had gathered C gathered D were gathering 30 I _ about a thousand pounds this month A am saving B have saved C save D saved 31 He ran out crying as soon as I him the bad news A told B tell C have told D had told 32 He usually drinks coffe but today he _ tea A drinks B was drinking C drank D is drinking 33 I know that she _ at me now A looks B is looking C looked D had looked 34 I feel that you _ me A don’t like B didn’t like C aren’t liking D haven’t liked 35 We _ to her twice this week A write B wrote C were writing D have written 36 When I arrived, the lecture had already started and the professor on the overhead projector A was writing B wrote C had written D has written 37 He lived in Hue for two years and then to Hanoi A was going B had gone C has gone D went 38 The plan in which the football team crashed soon after taking off A travelled B was travelling C have travelled D is travelling Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT 39 John is still a bad driver although he cars for years A was driving B has driven C drove D drives 40 Two years have passed since I you for the first time A.meet B have met C met D had met Exercise : Find the mistakes (A, B, C or D) in the underlined parts in following sentences : The police wants to interview Tom about the robbery A B C D He learnt to play the guitar since he was a small boy A B C D Lan was meeting her friends while she was reading books in the library A B C D Please don’t make so much noise I study A B C D After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book A B C D They were swimming in the ocean when the storm occurs A B C D After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed A B C D Nam and his pen pal David corresponds at least once every two weeks A B C D We taked a bus to the countryside and camped there A B C D 10 Ha has stayed in England from 1997 to 2000 and worked as a journalist for the Reuter’s during A B C D that time 11 Pete was enjoying the peaceful atmosphere of Hoi An when he came there last summer A B C D 12 Before she moved here, she had been the president of the organization since years A B C D 13 Jim never work hours a day A B C D 14 She used to swimming in this river when she was young A B C D 15 There was a lot of important events in the 20th century A B C D Exercise : Finish the second sentences so that it has the same meaning as the first : Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997 → Samuel has ……………………………………………………………………………… We started learning English five years ago → We have … ……………………………………………………………………………… I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was → I have…… ……………………………………………………………………………… She has taught the children in this remote village for five months → She started ……………………………………………………………………………… He hasn’t written to me since April → The last time ……………………………………………………………………………… The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999 → She hasn’t ……………………………………… ………………………………………… 10 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT Exercise : Choose the best option to complete the following sentences : Tom is _than John A well B good C better D best Mary is the _ student in the class, based on her high grades A smartest B smarter C smart D less smart 3.He is the man in the world A happy B happier C less happy D happiest Can Tho isn’t _ as Ho Chi Minh city A so big B big C bigger D biggest This building is than that one A beautiful B so beautiful C more beautiful D beautiful as Of the three girls, Helen, Susan and Alice, Susun is the _ A funny B so funny C funnier D funniest In my opinion, Ha Noi is the city in the world A peaceful B more peaceful C less peaceful D most peaceful My mother is _ than my father A.less fat B so fat C fattest D least fat A textbook isn’t as a novel A less interesting B as interesting C interesting D interesting than 10 Canada is than Saudi Arabia A coldest B cold C colder D so cold Exercise : Finish the second sentences so that it has the same meaning as the first : Helen is more intelligent than Mary → Mary isn’t …… ……………………………………………………………………………… London is bigger than Ha Noi →Ha Noi isn’t ………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom is taller than Peter → Peter isn’t ……………………………………………… ……………………………………… This car is more expensive than that one → That car isn’t ………………………………………………………………….…………………… Your house is more beautiful than mine → My house isn’t …………………………… ……………………………………………………… 6.This exercise is more difficult than that one → That exercise isn’t…………………………………….……………………………………………… Health is more important than money →Money isn’t ………… ……………………………………………………………………………… This pen is better than that one →That pen isn’t …………………………………………………………………………………… This color TV isn’t sio bad as that one → That color TV is ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 My English isn’t as good as your → Your English is ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Peter isn’t as careful as Jack → Jack is ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Nam’s school isn’t so big as Minh’s school → Minh’s school is ………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Your house isn’t as far as mine → My house is ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14 This book isn’t as interesting as that one 39 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT → That book is ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15 A cat isn’t so faithful as a dog → A dog is ……………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise : Find the mistakes (A, B, C or D) in the underlined parts in following sentences : I think that this book is the most interesting than than that one A B C D The people in this village are the poorer in the country A B C D Aneroid barometers are smaller than mercury barometers and are more easy to carry A B C D Because the city has more policemen on the beat, the people fell securer A B C D Parents in Europe are stricker than parents in Australia Parents in Asia are the most strickest of all A B C D VIII ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS ( TÍNH TỪ TRẠNG TỪ) Adjectives : (Tính từ) Tính từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ 40 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT  Vị trí tính từ : - Đứng trước danh từ đại từ mà bổ nghĩa EX : She is a beautiful girl This is a new book - Đứng sau động từ to be số động từ : look (trơng có vẻ), feel (cảm thấy), seem (dường như), find (nhận thấy ), smell (ngửi thấy), taste (có vị),… EX : That house is old He looked tired Lưu ý : Trong vài trường hợp đặc biệt, tính từ đứng sau danh từ : - Khi danh từ mà bổ nghĩa danh từ chiều dài, chiều cao, tuổi tác,… EX : This table is meters long My son is years old - Khi tính từ dùng với từ someone, something, anything, everything, nothing EX : I’ll tell you something important That’s nothing new Adverbs : (Trạng từ) Trạng từ dùng để : - Bổ nghĩa cho động từ (động từ thường hàng động) đứng sau động từ EX : They dance beautifully He drives slowly - Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ đứng trước tính từ EX : It is very cold today She is extremely intelligent - Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ khác đứng trước trạng từ EX : She sang extremely well He speaks English very fluently - Bổ nghĩa cho câu thường đứng đầu câu EX : Unfortunately, he was not injured in the accident  Cách thành lập trạng từ thể cách: Adj + ly →Adv EX : bad + ly → badly slow + ly →slowly happy + ly → happily Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ: good → well early → early late → late hard → hard fast → fast EXERCISES Exercise : Write the correct forms of the words in brackets : I’m looking for temporary during the summer holidays (employ) The book doesn’t say much about prices, but is very about everything else (inform) The government is expected to take against the level of unemployment (act) Hong Son’s second goal in the match against Thailand was most (impress) 41 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT I’m looking for a gift for an old lady (suit) The government is very concerned about the of the rain forests (destroy) David fell off his motorbike, but his _were not very serious (injure) He has worked well and has produced some essays (interest) They got yesterday (marry) 10 They announced their (engage) 11 He felt strongly to her (attract) 12 He looked very (surprise) 13 I’d love to see you next week, but , it won’t be possible.(fortunate) 14 Their has lasted a lifetime (friend) 15 You can’t help admiring him for his kindness and (honest) 16 Paul gave the police a of his car after it was stolen (describe) 17 What’s your ? (nation) 18 The instructions are very I’m not clear what I should (confuse) 19 The teacher gave the children a detailed of the story (explain) 20 Most of her classmates believe her because she is always (truth) 21 The ao dai is the _ dress of Vietnamese women (tradition) 22 The old man walked to the park (slow) 23 Hanoi is not very from Kuala Lumpur (diffirence) 24 Mrs Nga speaks English quite (good) 25 Tet holiday is the most important _for Vietnamese people (celebrate) 26 We have to be When riding our bikes on the streets (care) 27 Lan broke the cup because she was (care) 28 I’m looking for a gift for an old lady (suit) 29 I’m looking for a gift for an old lady (suit) 30 The Internet is a wonderful of modern life (invent) 31 Maryam was really by the beauty of Hanoi (impress) 32 Some have modernized the ao dai by printing lines of the poetry on it (design) 33 In the 1980s, jeans became high fashion clothing (final) 34 The Smiths enjoyed the atmosphere in Vietnam (peace) 35 In Western countries, , gas and water are not luxuries but necessities (electric) 36 are now very interested in tidal power (science) 37 The baby laughed as she played with her toys (happy) 38 Hanoi and areas in the north will be tomorrow (sun) 39 In many countries, people crowd the streets to watch _parades (color) 40 It’s is an journey (interest) Exercise : Choose the best option to complete the following sentences : The Kien Thuc Ngay Nay is _read by both teenagers and adults A wide B widely C width D widened Nowadays, we can watch a _ of interesting programs on TV A vary B various C variously D variety We usually watch the news on TV because it’s very _ A information B informal C informative D informed Do you find the Internet _ , Peter ? A useful B using C used D useful We should fine heavily anyone using to catch fish A electric B electricity C electrical D electronic The tour around the country was _ cheap A surprise B surprised C surprising D surprisingly 42 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT Many people said that they saw man-like get out of the UFO A create B creation C creature D creative We were really _ by the besuty of your country A.impress B impression C impressed D impressing His made us happy A unfriendliness B friendliness C unfriendly D friendly 10 Hanoi is not very from Kuala Lumpur A differ B difference C different D differently 11 We went to see many _places in Hanoi last year A famous B fame C famously D famousness 12 The Smiths enjoyed the _ atmosphere in Vietnam A peace B peacetime C peacefully D peaceful 13 The _ language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia A nation B national C nationality D nationally 14 In Malaysia, _ is free A educate B educational C educationally D education 15 The children are playing in the schoolyard A happy B unhappy C happily D happiness 16 Music and painting are _ subjects A optional B optionally C option D optioning 17 Some designers have the ao dai by printing line of poetry on it A modern B modernize C modernized D modernly 18 It’s _ to wear short skirts and faded jeans again A.fashion B fashionable C fashionably D fashioned 19 She sings very A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D beautify 20 It’s an journey A interest B interesting C interestingly D interested 21 English, Chinese and Tamil are also _spoken in Malaysia A primarily B wide C primary D widely 22 The show was dull It was _ A interesting B uninteresting C interestingly D interested 23 We have many well _ teachers in our school A qualified B quality C qualify D qualification 24 I want everybody to listen to me _ A careful B care C careless D carefully 25 Vietnamese women today prefer to wear modern clothing at work because it is more A convenience B convenient C inconvenience D inconvenient Exercise : Find the mistakes (A, B, C or D) in the underlined parts in following sentences : The colours in fireworks are produred by difference chemicals such as magnesium, copper salt, A B strontium nitrate and charcoal D William danced very good in the contest, but Michael danced even better A B C D You can see that the room has been beautiful decorated for Christmas A B C D In 1891, Dr James Naisinith invented the game of basketball as a mean of keeping boy actively 43 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT B C A indoors during the winter D Because Thomas hunts bad, he decides to team up with Eagle, who is an excellent hunter A B C D IX RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) 44 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT - Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clauses) mệnh phụ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng sau danh từ mà bổ nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ thường nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) who, whom, which, whose, that  Cách dùng đại từ quan hệ : a) Who: dùng để thay cho danh từ người làm chủ ngữ (subject) EX : Jake is the boy who plays the guitar (Jake cậu bé chơi ghi ta.) b) Whom: dùng để thay cho danh từ người làm tân ngữ (object) EX :The boy whom we are looking for is Tom (Thằng bé mà chúng tơi tìm Tom) c) Which: dùng làm để thay cho danh từ vật việc làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ EX1 : My sister works for a company which makes washing machines (Chị làm việc cho công ty sản xuất máy giặt.) EX2 :Have you found the keys which you lost? (Bạn tìm thấy chùm chìa khóa mà bạn đánh chưa?) d) Whose: đựơc dùng sở hữu cho danh từ người vật đứng trước Danh từ sau whose khơng có mạo từ EX1 :What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed? (Người mà bạn mượn xe tên vậy?) EX2 : Jone found a cat whose leg was broken (Jone tìm thấy mèo bị gãy chân.) e) That: dùng thay cho danh từ người vật làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ That dùng thay cho who, whom, which mệnh đề hạn định (restrictive clauses) EX1 :The man who/ that lives next door is very friendly (Người đàn ông sống cạnh nhà thân thiện) EX2 : I don’t like stories which/ that have unhappy endings (tôi khơng thích câu chuyện khơng có hậu)  Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ : có loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định a Defining relative clause : (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, khơng có , câu khơng có đủ nghĩa Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề mệnh đề quan hệ khơng có dấu phẩy EX1 : What’s the name of the tall man who just came in? (Người đàn ông cao lớn vừa vào tên vậy?) EX2 : The book which you lent me was very interesting (Cuốn sách mà anh cho mượn hay.) b Non-defining relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin người vật xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định mệnh đề khơng thiết phải có câu, khơng có câu đủ nghĩa Mệnh đề khơng xác định tách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy (,) EX1 :My brother John, who lies in London, is a doctor (Anh John tôi, người sống London, bác sĩ.) EX2 :We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us (Chúng trở lại khách sạn Grand mà Ann giới thiệu.) EX3 :This morning I met Diane, whom I hadn’t seen for ages (Sáng gặp Diane, người mà lâu tơi khơng gặp.) 45 Ơn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT Lưu ý: (1) that dùng bắt buộc để thay cho danh từ có chứa hình thức so sánh có chứa từ all, everything, little, none, no one, no body, nothing EX1 : This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen EX2 : There is no one that can solve the problem (2) Không dùng đại từ quan hệ that trường hợp sau : - Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause) EX1 :Natalie, who serves us, is a friend of Emma’s (Natalie, người tiếp thức ăn cho chúng ta, bạn Emma.) [KHÔNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG that serves us…] EX2 :I lent him ‘The old Man and the Sea’, which is really easy to read (Tôi cho anh mượn ‘Ong già biển cả’, dễ đọc.) [KHÔNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG that is really easy to read …] - Sau giới từ EX :The dog to which I gave a bone is very angry (Con chó mà tơi cho xương giận dữ.) [KHÔNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG to that I gave a bone is very angry] EXERCISES Exercise : Choose the best option to complete the following sentences : I thanked the woman _helped me A Which B Whom C Whose D Who The book _ is on the table is mine A Which B Whom C Where D Who The man _ I saw was Mr Jones A Which B Whom C When D Who The movie _ we saw last night wasn’t very good A Which B Whom C Where D Who I know the man bicycle was stolen A that B Whom C Whose D Who She is the woman about _ told you A Which B Whom C that D Who I apologized to the woman coffee I spilled A Which B Whose C that D Whom The book _ I read was good A that B Whom C Whose D Who Profesor Wilson, teaches chemistry, is an excellent lecturer A Which B Whom C that D Who 10 Mr Brown, son won the spelling contest, is very proud of his son’s achievement A that B Whom C Whose D Who 11 The music to _we listen last night was good A that B Whom C Where D Which 12 The Professor _ course I am taking was excellent A Which B that C Whose D When 13 I liked the woman _ I met at the party last night A Which B that C When D Where 14 The student _ sits next to me is from China A Which B Whom C Whose D Who 15 Hawaii, consists of eight pricipal islands, os a favourute vacation spot 46 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT A Which B that C Who D Where 16 The picture at _ She was looking was beautiful A Which B that C Who D Whom 17 I met the woman husband is the president of the corporation A that B Whom C Whose D Who 18 Mrs.Smith, _ is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital A Which B Whom C that D Who 19 The meeting to I went was interesting A Where B Whom C Which D that 20 The people house we visited were nice A that B Whom C Whose D Who Exercise : Combine the following sentences into one : I like the composition You wrote it → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The taxi driver was friendly He took me to the airport → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The girl is happy She won the race → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I come from a country Its history goes back thousands of years → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Matthew speaks Russian He applied for the job → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr Lee teaches English I met him yesterday → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The man called the police His wallet was stolen → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The man was vety kind I talked to him yesterday → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I live in a dormitory Its residents come from many countries → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The man is standing over there I was telling you about him → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 The book is very interesting I borrowed it from the library yesterday → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 The girl is my younger sister She went to your birthday party with me → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 I like the films Their main characters have happy life at the end → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 The woman is my form teacher The woman is wearing pink ao dai → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 The boy needs help The boy’s father died in a storm last year → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Milan is a beautiful city Milan is called “ The capital of fashion” → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Mid-Autumn is a festival Mid-Autumn occurs in the middle of August of Lunar year → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 What is the name of the film? You saw the film last week → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Thomas Edison is a great inventor He invented light-bulbs 47 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 The dress is my birthday gift Its colour is pink and white → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise : Find the mistakes (A, B, C or D) in the underlined parts in following sentences : We soon gathered at the village in whom the festival was taking place A B C D My uncle Tom is the man he is wearing a suit with red tie A B C D “Happy birthday to you” is an English song who is usually sung at a birthday party A B C D Where are the photos which John took them at the Christmas party ? A B C D This New Year card is from a friend who he used to study with me in primary school A B C D X ADVERB CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ) 48 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mệnh đề phụ, dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ đứng trước đứng sau mệnh đề Khi mệnh đề trẹng ngữ đứng trước mệnh đề thường ngăn cách dấu phẩy Các loại mệnh đề trạng ngữ thường gặp : Adverb clause of time : (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian nối liền với mệnh đề liên từ thời gian when(khi) , while (trong khi), until (cho đến khi) , before (trước khi) , after (sau khi) , since (khi) as(khi) , as soon as (ngay sau khi)… EX1 : When it rains, I usually go to the office by bus (Khi trời mưa, I thường làm xe buýt) EX2 : I learned a lot of French While I was in Paris (Tôi học nhiều Tiếng Pháp Paris)  Lưu ý : - When, while, as dùng để việc xảy lúc EX : He liked perfect quietness When/while/ as he was working (Anh thích im lặng tuyệt đối làm việc) - When dùng để diễn tả hành động hoàn tất EX : We were waliking along the street When we saw him (Chúng dọc đường chúng tơi nhìn thấy anh ta) - When dùng để chuỗi hành động (có từ hành động nối tiếp nhau) EX : When the car stopped, she got out of it and walked to the gate (Khi xe dừng lại, cô bước khỏi xe phía cánh cổng) - When có nghĩa (every time) EX : I always go for a walk When it’s fine (Tôi thường trời đẹp) - Thì tương lai đơn khơng dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian mà thay đơn EX : I will stay here until he comes tomorrow.[ không dùng he will come ] (Tôi lại đến vào ngày mai) Adverb clause of reason : (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân bắt đầu liên từ nguyên nhân because/since / as(vì, vì)… EX1 : I made many mistakes because I was tired (Tơi mắc nhiều lỗi tơi mệt) EX2 : As it’s raining, you’d better take a taxi (Vì trời mưa, bạn nên taxi)  Lưu ý : - Mệnh đề bắt đầu với because đứng trước đứng sau mệnh đề EX : She got the job because she was the best candidate Hoặc : Because she was the best candidate, she got the job (Bởi ta ứng viên gỏi nên cô ta tuyển dụng) - Mệnh đề bắt đầu với since/ as thường đứng trước mệnh đề EX1 : As it was too dark to go on, we camped there (Vì trời tối tiếp tục, cắm trại lại đó) EX2 : Since you were here, you may give us a hand (Vì bạn ởđây, bạn giúp chúng tơi tay) - Ta dùng because of đứng trước danh từ để nguyên nhân EX : I couldn’t go to school yesterday because of my headache = I couldn’t go to school yesterday because I had a headache 49 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT (Hôm qua không học bị nhức đầu) Adverb clause of result : (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết bắt đầu so / therefore (vì vậy, đó) cấu trúc so … that… / such … that …(quá … đến nỗi…) EX1 : It was late, so we went home (Trời tối, chúng tơi nhà) EX2 : He got up late, therefore he was late for class yesterday (Anh ta thức dậy trễ, trễ học hôm qua)  Lưu ý : - such tính từ dùng trước cụm adj + noun such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that EX1 : He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep (Anh nói lâu người ta bắt đầu buốn ngủ) EX2 : They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house (Họ có chó không dám đến gần nhà họ) - so trạng từ dùng trước trạng từ tính từ khơng có danh từ theo sau so + adj / adv + that EX1 : His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep (Bài diễn thuyết anh kéo dài lâu người ta bắt đầu buốn ngủ) EX2 : Their dog was so fierce that no one dared to go near their house (Con chó họ không dám đến gần nhà họ) Adverb clause of concession/contrast : (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản mệnh đề phụ tương phản hai hành động câu Mệnh đề thường bắt đầu từ: though, although, even though (dù, mặc dù, cho dù) Though/ although/ even though + S + V , S + V Adverb clause of concession main clause EX1 :Although/ Though the café was crowded, we found a table (Mặc dù quán ăn đơng khách chúng tơi tìm bàn.) EX2 :Even though I was realle tired, I couldn’t sleep.(Tôi không ngủ dù mệt.) Lưu ý: - though although có nghĩa; even though có nghĩa mạnh though although - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản đứng sau mệnh đề EX : We found a table although the café was crowded - Ta dùng in spite of hay despite đứng trước danh từ để tương phản EX1 : They go on a picnic in spite of the bad weather EX2 : Despite knowing a little about Vietnamese culture, many foreigners likes the festivals in Vietnam very much EXERCISES Exercise : Choose the best option to complete the following sentences : I will help you _I finish my work 50 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT A while B as soon as C because D though I use the Internet only a few hours a day _ it’s time- consuming and costly If we spend much time on it A so B because of C because D even though I live in the countryside, _ I can not easily get access to the Internet A When B though C because D therefore She was not satisfied with her English test _ she got marks for it A even though B therefore C so D when Our environment is becoming polluted now, we have to something to protect it A because B while C so D even though We should take showers instead of baths _ baths use twice as much as showers A because of B though C therefore D since the weather is predicted not to be good today, they dicide to go swimming A In spite of B Although C Because D When I saw a bad accident _ I was walking along the street yesterday A before B after C as D therefore We went on planting trees in the school yard the heavy rain A in spite of B although C because D because of 10 People should save energy the shortage of the natural resources A because B because of C in spie of D despite 11 _they had had lunch, they went boating in the river A Before B So C When D After 12 We were having music lesson _ She was having civic education lesson this morning A because B as soon as C while D when 13 _ having a lot of homework to do, he usually helps his mom the chores A After B Though C Because of D Despite 14 The meeting had been over _ he arrived A after B before C because D as soon as 15 He went to bed he completed his homework A while B so C before D as soon as 16 The city of Kobe in Japan was destroyed heavily _ a huge earthquake in 1995 A because of B because C though D when 17 I knew many friends I had visited my grandparents in the countryside last summer A while B after C when D as 18 Some people keep on catching fish by using electricity _ the local authorities prohibit and fine heavily anyone catching fish in this way A though B when C because D despite 19 Tet is the moest important holiday for Vietnamese people, every one who lives apart tries to return to their home at Tet A because B as C so D though 20 Nowadays, Vietnamese womwn like to wear Ao dai it is their traditional dress A therefore B so C because D though Exercise : Find the mistakes (A, B, C or D) in the underlined parts in following sentences : I will call you as soon as I will arrive at the bus station A B C D After they have had meals, they played games A B C D I think we should go to Seatle Schol of England A B C D 51 10 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT Love is a smile to share , an ear listening and a heart to love A B C D He was very sorry not have seen his mother before she went to Paris A B C D The mother allowed her children yelling and scream at the birthday A B C D My grandfather is used to drink some tea in the morning A B C D She is busy to take care of her baby A B C D John began play the piano ten years ago A B C D You can avoid waiting by book a table in advance A B C D 52 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP TUYỂN SINH 10 THPT NĂM HỌC 2015 2016 MÔN : TIẾNG ANH 53 ... doesn’t get good marks 20 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT → If…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get information → If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... up early If he had an alarm clock A B C D We won’t get lost If we took a map 21 Ôn tập tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 THPT 10 A B C D If I were on the moonnow, I will tidy up the junk that has been left... If we had won the lottery, we (give) them more money 10 If he (be) the Prime Minister, he would spend more money on education 11 I (come) to your party yesterday If I (have)