BTAV 11 - UNIT 16 THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD (Test & Key)

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UNIT 16 ~ THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD

Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

I Multiple Choice.

1 He his life to helping the poor

2 They hoped to the help of the public in solving the crime

3 He was into the US Navy

4 He lost his balance and fell the ground

5 He was back on familiar , dealing with the customers

6 He her with his sincerity

7 He impressed us the need immediate action

A on - at B on - for C in - for D in - with

8 His trip to India a strong impression on him

9 You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an

A impression B effect C affect D All are correct

10 A ramp allows easy for wheelchairs

11 The findings are arranged rank order according to performance

12 theory, these machines should last for ten years or more

13 Queen Elizabeth to the throne in 1952

14 She always has her head buried a book

15 I spend a lot of time in Britain but Paris is still my

16 Our new offices are still construction

17 It was a great to be invited here today

18 She drive to the station every day, but then she suddenly decided to walk instead

A was used to B has used to C was using to D used to

19 We spent a month this table

20 I have been looking for this book for months and I have found it

A in time B at last C at the end D at present

II Find a suitable word for the sentences below One example has been for you.

0 A Boil plenty of salty water, and add the spaghetti,

B I'll boil the kettle and make some tea.

C She put some potatoes on to boil.

1 A All his were burnt in the fire.

B You should make insurance of your property and personal

C She packed her few in a bag and left

2 A The members left the council

B Under Senate rules, the must vote on the bill by this Friday

C .of Commerce is a group of local business people who work together to help business and trade in a particular town

3 A They both in the army in 1915

B He as a soldier last year

C He was into the US Navy

4 A She was not used to mixing with people of high social

B He rose through the (s) to become managing director

C He was soon promoted to the of captain

5 A The tasks have been in order of difficulty

B She is currently the highest player in the world

C The university is number one in the country for engineering

6 A The birds circled in a slow above the house

B Our economy is in an inflationary of wage and price increases

C She was trapped in a downward of personal unhap^iness

7 A According to the of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light

B The article advances a new to explain changes in the climate

C That sounds fine in , but have you really thought it through?

8 A The house was under ten feet of snow

B The miners were alive when the tunnel collapsed

C Their ambitions were finally dead and

9 A It is only an total

B The cost given is only

C Use these figures as an guide in your calculations

10 A She used her family's history as a for her novel

B His arguments have a sound economic

C These policies have a broad of support

III Supply the correct form of the word in bold.

1 .are the things that you own which can be moved, for example not land or buildings (belong)

4 They are considering his in the Royal Air Force (enlist)

6 I did not get the that they were unhappy about the situation (impress)

7 The tennis player has improved his this season from 67th to 30th (rank)

8 The first year provides students with a sound theoretical for late, study (basic)

9 It is possible for him to overrule their decision, but highly unlikely (theory)

10 A a person who develops ideas and principles about a particular subject in order to explain why things

14 Our results should be a good to the true state of affairs (approximate)

15 They judged that the time was right for the of new terms for the trade agreement (propose)

16 It is a style of music that defies ; it is like no other (classify)

IV Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.

1 Hue is famous its historical vestiges

2 we are pleased the result of our work

3 My mother is busy her housework

4 Dirty air is harmful health

5 We are proud our people's heroic traditions

6 He is friendly everyone

7 The air at the seaside is good health

8 My friend is good maths and chemistry

9 He doesn't understand the lesson because he is often absent school.

10 The school library is open every student

V Fill in each gap with a word from the list below.

grounds - base - dedicated - memorable tomb - ramps - belongings - spiral honour - chamber - construction

1 People slowly gathered their and left the hall

2 They found themselves in a vast underground

3 A memorial stone was to those who were killed in the war

4 The case was dismissed on the that there was not enough evidence

5 .should be provided for wheelchair users

6 A snail's shell is in form

7 The has been robbed of its treasures

8 The company has its in New York, and branch offices all over the world

9 Work has begun on the of the new airport

10 They stood in silence as a mark of to her

11 A trip to the museum was a truly occasion

VI Rewrite each of the following sentence in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 It is said that Christopher Columbus discovered America

Christopher Columbus is said

2 It is said that many people are homeless because of the flood

Many people

3 It is known that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law

The Prime Minister

4 It is expected that the US President will pay a visit to Vietnam next week

The US President

5 It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window

The thieves

6 It is found that she drove through the town at 50 miles an hour

She

7 It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident

Two people

8 It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion

Three men

9 It is thought that the prisoner escaped by.climbing over the wall

The prisoner

10 It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York

The wanted man

11 It is reported that the building has been damaged badly by fire

The building

12 It is said that the company is losing a lot of money

The company

13 It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year

The company

14 It is expected that the company will lose a lot of money this year

The company

15 It is expected that the strike will end soon

The strike

VII Rewrite each of the following sentence in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 It is said that he is an honest, hard-working man

He

2 It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner

This surgeon

3 It is now thought that some redundancies in the company are inevitable

Some redundancies in the company

4 It was proved that the statements he had made were false

The statements he had made

5 It was understood that the delegation was keen to meet the Prime Minister

The delegation

6 It is expected that the National Assembly is thinking of imposing new taxes raise extra revenue

The National Assembly

7 It is expected that the electricity supply industry will be running into surplus capacity by nextyear

The electricity supply industry

8 It is reported that several Japanese manufacturers are planning to set up plants overseas

Several Japanese manufacturers

9 It is expected that the brewers will raise the price of beer in the near future

The brewers

10 It was claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side-effects

The drug

VIII Rewrite the following sentences, beginning as shown.

1 Many people believe that she is an honest person

She

2 I think that the president will arrive soon

The president

3 It is reported that many passengers died in the crash

Many passengers are reported

4 It is expected that the prices will rise again this month

The prices are expected

5 It is proved that life does not exist on the moon

Life is proved not

6 People say the Prime Minister and his wife are getting divorced

The Prime Minister and his wife

7 People said the President had suffered a heart attack

The President

8 They say that he has passed the final exam with the best result

He

9 No one expected that he would be so successful

He

10.They believe the robbers got into the bank through the roof

The robbers

11.We found that somebody had broken one of our windows

One of our windows

12 He is said to have been in the army

People

13 It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car

The man

14 They think the owner of the house is abroad

The owner

15 People say that he has been all over the world

He is

16 Many people thought that Mr Jones was unfairly treated

Mr Jones

IX Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in tl,e following passage:

Pyramids are large structures with four triangular sides that (1) in a point at the top, directly over the

(2) of the pyramid's square base Ancient peoples in several parts of the world built pyramids, but the Egyptians constructed the (2) and most famous pyramids

The ancient Egyptians built more than 90 (4) pyramids, from about 2630 BC until about 1530 BC During that time, the pyramid form (5) from a series of stepped terraces that (6) the layers of a wedding (7) to the better-known, sloped pyramidal shape The largest pyramid is the one built for King Khufu, at the

site of modern Giza Khufu's pyramid, known (8) the Great Pyramid, is the only one of the Seven

(9) of the World that still (10)

4 A emperor B monarch C royalty D royal

5 A evolved B progressed C processed D advanced

9 A Marvels B Miracle C Wonders D Wonderful

X Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 BC Although it was built a long time

ago, its construction makes it one of the true wonders of the world The four sides of the pyramid are put almost exactly on true north, south, east and west

Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many interesting lines Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of line of events-past, present and future Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past

Was this super structure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?

1 How long ago was the Great Pyramid constructed?

2.Why was the Great Pyramid constructed?

3 What are the directions of the four sides of the Great Pyramid?

4 What do these lines represent?

XI Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best answers the question about the passage:

The Great Pyramid of Giza, a monument of wisdom and prophecy, was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in

2720 BC Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its Construction make it one of the truly wonders of the world The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east and west - an incredible

engineering feat The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers and great astronomers so computations for the Great

Pyramid were based on astronomical observations

Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many interesting lines Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of line of events-past, present and future Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past Others are prophesied for future generations and are presently under investigation

Was this super structure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?

1 Approximately how long ago was the Great Pyramid constructed?

2 The word 'feat' in the third sentence of paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

3 On what base did the ancient Egyptians make their calculations?

A observation of the celestial bodies B advanced technology

C advanced tools of measurement D knowledge of the earth surface

4 Why was the Great Pyramid constructed?

A as a solar observatory B as a religious temple

C as a tomb for the pharaoh D as an engineering feat

5 Why is the Great Pyramid of Giza considered one of the seven wonders of the world?

A It is perfectly aligned with the four cardinal points of the compass and contains many prophecies

B It was selected as the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops

C It was built by a super race

D It is very old

XII Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word.

An increasing number of people are now going on (1) to Egypt Last year, for example, about one and a half million (2) visited Egypt The (3) of Egypt is about fifty million and the (4) is El Qahira (Cairo), a buoy city of just under nine million people Although the (5) is hot and dry and most of the country is (6) , the average (7) from October to March is not too high The most (8) sights are the pyramids at Giza However,

it is also (9) to visit Alexandria, Port Said and several (10) places

XIII Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best answers the question about the passage:

Of all the natural wonders of the world, few are as spectacular as Niagara Falls Located on the Niagara River along the border between the United States and Canada, Niagara Falls actually consists of two falls, the American Falls and the Horseshoe Falls The former is on the US side of the border, in the state of New York, while the latter

is on the Canadian side About 85% of the water in Niagara River flows over the Horseshoe Falls, which is the

more impressive of the two falls

About 10 million people visit the falls each year, most during the summer tourist season Sightseers can ride

steamers up close to the boiling water of the falls, or saw them from parks on both sides of the river Niagara Falls

has long been a popular honeymoon destination for newlyweds

1 Which of the following is entirely on the US side of the border with Canada?

A Niagara River B American Falls C Niagara Falls D Horseshoe Falls

2 It can be inferred from the passage that Horseshoe Falls

A is the larger of the two falls B is the less impressive fall

C has 15% of the Niagara River flowing over its edge D is in the state of New York

3 According to the passage, where can people watch the falls?

A From trains B From airplanes C From parks or boats D From cars or buses

4 In the second sentence of paragraph 2, the 'them' refers to

5 According to the passage, Niagara Falls

A is a very favourite spot of newlyweds B can be viewed from only one side of the Niagara River

C generates very hot water D is only impressive during the summer tourist season

XIV Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best answers the question about the passage:

In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems of disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was

officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of travelling some seven thousand miles around Cape horn It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one-tenth of what it

could cost an average ship to round the Horn More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its lock each year.

The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United States The latter would control it until the end

of the twentieth century when Panama took over its duties

1 Who controls the Panama Canal at present?

2 In approximately what year would a different government take control of the Panama Canal?

3 On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?

4 In what year was the construction probably begun on the canal?

5 What can be understood from this reading?

A This is a costly project which should be reevaluated

B Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial

C Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is les: expensive

D Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years

XV Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.

THE HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were located on the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq It is said that the Gardens were built by King Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife or concubine who

had been "brought up in Media and had a passion for mountain surroundings"

While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come from Greek historians Babylonian records stay silent on the matter Tablets from the time of Nebuchadnezzar do not have a single reference to the Hanging Gardens,

although descriptions of his palace, the city of Babylon, and the walls are found Even the historians who give

detailed descriptions of the Hanging Gardens never saw them Modern historians argue that when Alexander's

soldiers reached the fertile land of Mesopotamia and saw Babylon, they were impressed When they later returned

to their rugged homeland, they had stories to tell about the amazing gardens and palm trees at Mesopotamia And it was the imagination of poets and ancient historians that blended all the elements together to produce one of the

World Wonders.

It wasn't until the twentieth century that some of the mysteries surrounding the Hanging Gardens were revealed.

Archeologists are still struggling to gather enough evidence before reaching the final conclusions about the location

of the Gardens, their irrigation system, and their true appearance

1 Where were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon located?

2 Why were the Hanging Gardens built according to ancient historians?

3 Did any Greek historians see the Gardens by themselves?

4 What elements were used to form the picture of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the World Wonders?

5 What have been done to discover the truth of the Gardens?

XVI Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

The Great Wall started as earth works thrown up for protection by different States The individual sections weren't

connected until the Quin dynasty (221-206 B.C.) Quin Shihuangdi [秦始皇帝 Tần Thủy Hoàng Đế ], First Emperor of Quin began conscripting peasants, enemies, and anyone else who wasn't tied to the land to go to work on the Wall He garrisoned armies at the Wall to stand guard over the workers as well as to defend the northern boundaries The tradition lasted for centuries, and each dynasty added to the height, breath, length, and elaborated the design mostly through forced labour

It was during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) that the Wall took on its present form The brick and granite work was enlarged and sophisticated designs re added The watch towers were redesigned and modern canon wers mounted strategic areas The Portuguese had found a ready market for guns and canon in China, one of the few items of trade that China didn't already have in abundance Ming Emperors, having overthrown the Hun dominance and expelled their Mongol [Mông-Cổ] rulers of the North devoted large portions of available material and npower to making sure that they didn't return

The Wall served well Only when a dynasty had weakened from within were invaders from the north able to advance and conquer Both the Mongols (Yuan [Nguyên] dynasty, 1271-1368) and the Manchurians (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911) were able to take power, not because of weakness in the Wall but because of weakness in the government and the poverty of the people They took advantage of rebellion from within and stepped into the void

of power without extended wars

1 When was the Great Wall first formed?

2 Why did Emperor Quin Shihuangdi send armies to the Wall?

3 In what dynasty was the Great Wall enlarged, and redesigned?

4 Who supplied the canon for the watch towers at the Great Wall?

5 Why was it said the wall served well during wars?

XVII Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.

STONEHENGE

Stonehenge is surely Britain's greatest national icon, symbolizing mystery, power and endurance Its original

purpose is unclear to us, but some have speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of ancient earth gods

It has been called an astronomical observatory for making significant events on the prehistoric calendar Others claim that it was a sacred site for the burial of high-ranking citizens from the societies of long ago

The stones we see today represent Stonehenge in ruin Many of the original stones have fallen or been removed

by previous generations for home construction or road repair There has been serious damage to some of the smaller bluestones resulting from close visitors contact (prohibited since 1978), and the prehistoric carvings on the larger sarsen stones show signs of significant wear

In its day, the construction of Stonehenge was an impressive engineering feat, requiring commitment, time and vast amounts of manual labour In its first place, Stonehenge was a large earthwork; a bank and ditch arrangement

called a henge, constructed approximately 5,000 years ago It is believed that the ditch was dug with tools made from the antlers of red deer and, possibly, wood The underlying chalk was loosened with picks and shoveled with shoulderblades of cattle It was then loaded into baskets and carried away Modern experiments have shown that these tools were more than equal to the great task of earth digging and moving

1 What does Stonehenge represent?

2 What is a henge?

3 According to historians, what were the functions of Stonehenge?

4 What has caused the serious damage to Stonehenge?

5 What were the tools used to dig the ditches made from?

XVIII Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below

STARS THROW LIGHT ON OLD EGYPTIAN MYSTERY

One of the great puzzles of Egyptology is how the builders of the pyramids lined them up to the north

Now Kate Spence says she has the exact answer, writes Patricia Reaney.

It is a mystery that has worried the world's top scientists for more than a century because no one knows how they did it or exactly when But a British Egyptologist believes she may have solved the puzzle and figured out how the ancient Egyptians lined the pyramids of Giza up to the north and roughly when they did it

The heavenly alignment of the pyramids, one of the seven wonders of the world, is precise enough that scientists were convinced that Egyptians had to have a good knowledge of astronomy even though there is no record of it in ancient texts

The best estimate of the age of the royal tombs, roughly 4,500 years old, is based on histories of the period and the reign of kings, and is only accurate to within 100 years

Dr Kate Spence, of the University of Cambridge, estimates the building of the pyramids began between 2,485 BC

- 2,375BC and those two stars helped the Egyptians to line them to the north, important to them for religious reasons

"The exact link between the archaeological information and the astronomical calculations is very precise It is very rare in archaeology that you get things that match that closely," she said in a telephone interview "This is a much more convincing argument than has been put forward in the past," she added

In addition to solving a long-standing mystery, Spence's findings, reported in the science journal Nature, add to

our understanding of the history of the ancient Egyptians and the understanding of their technical ability

The Egyptians were trying to find north but they didn't have a star marking the pole They used two stars, Kochab

in Ursa Minor (or the 'Little Dipper'), and Mizar in Ursa Major (or the 'Big Dipper') to find the pole

"The pole is on a line between those two stars You measure when the two stars are basically on top of one another- and if you line them up with a plumb line that you will give you true north," Spence said

According to astronomical data, 2,467 BC is the year in which the line that goes between the two stars passes exactly through the North Pole

"If they had started building on that date we would have a pyramid which is absolutely lined up to north But the fact is they seemed to have started work about 11 years before that, which means it is still a little way from north," Spence said

1 In which direction are the pyramids lined up?

2 Why did the Egyptians want the pyramids lined up in this way?

3 Which two stars did the Egyptians use to line up the pyramids?

4 Why were these two stars important to the Egyptians?

5 What is Kate Spencer's job?

6 In your own words say why 2,467 BC was a very important date.

XIX There is one mistake in each sentence Correct all the mistakes you can find

1 This class has cancelled because too few students had registered before registration closed

2 After Alan had searched for twenty minutes, he realized that his jacket had been laying on the table the entire time

3 Dr Alvarez was displeased because the student had turned in an unacceptable report, so he made him to rewrite it

4 Tom's very good at science when his brother is absolutely hopeless

5 Although the danger that he might be injured, Boris bravely entered the burning house in order to save the youngster

6 Daisy has such many things to do that she has no time to go out

7 A short time before her operation last month, Mrs Brown dreams of her daughter who lives overseas

8 The atmosphere of friendliness in that city is open, warm and gives a welcome feeling to all who have the good fortune to visit there

9 Now that they have successfully passed the TOEFL, the students were ready to begin their classes at university

10 Being that he was a good swimmer, John jumped into the water and rescued the drowning child

XX Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given in brackets

1 I couldn't go to work because of the transport strike (prevented)

I to work by the transport strike

2 I was the only person who wanted to watch the program (else)

There was me who wanted to watch the program

He spent videos

4 It will be necessary to pay the full amount when you book (have)

The full amount when you book

Five years had her again

6 I don't think she likes doing other people's work for them (objects)

I think other people's work for them

7 Jeremy frequently invents ridiculous stories like that! (make)

It is typical a ridiculous story like that!

8 The police think that he was one of the robbers (taking)

The police suspect the robbery

9 Because he was so proud, he couldn't admit that he was wrong, (too)

He had that he was wrong

10 It is likely that my friends haven't received my letter yet (unlikely)

My friends my letter yet.

XXI Make sentences based on the given words.

1 Three-quarters / surface / earth / cover / with water

2 Rest / be / dry land / because / it / rise / above / water

3 Seas / lands / not be / always / their / present positions

4 Some lands / be / once / under/ sea / but now / be / above it

5 Movements / changes / earth / take place / continuous / but / slow

6 Today / world / not look / the same / in / distant future

The End

ANSWER KEY 16

I MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 A 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 B 8T D 9 A 10 C

11 A 12 B 13 D 14 A 15 C 16 D 17 B 18 D 19 B 20 B

III FIND A WORD

1 belongings 2 chamber 3 Enlisted 4 rank 5 ranked 6 spiral

7 theory 8 buried 9 approximate 10 base

III WORD FORMATION

1 belongings 2 dedicated 3 dedication 4 enlistment 5 suitably 6 impression

7 ranking 8 basis 9 theoretically 10 theoretician / theorist 11 treasurer 12 burial

13 approximately 14 approximation 15 proposal 16 classification

IV PREPOSITIONS

1 for 2 with 3 with 4 to 5 of 6 with 7 for 8 at 9 from 10 to

V GAP-FILL

1 belongings 2 chamber 3 dedicated 4 grounds 5 ramps 6 spiral

7 tomb 8 base 9 construction 10 honour 11 memorable

VI REWRITING

1 Christopher Columbus is said to have discovered America

2 Many people are said to be homeless because of the flood

3 The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law

4 The US President is expected to pay a visit to Vietnam next week

5 The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window

6 She is found to have driven through the town at 50 miles an hour

7 Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident

8 Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion

9 The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall

10 The wanted man is believed to be living in New York

11 The building is reported to have been damaged badly by fire

12 The company is said to be losing a lot of money

13 The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year

14 The company is expected to lose a lot of money this year

15 The strike is expected to end soon

VII REWRITING

1 He is said to be an honest, hard-working man

2 This surgeon is considered to be a brilliant practitioner

3 Some redundancies in the company are now thought to be inevitable

4 The statements he had made were proved to be false

5 The delegation was understood to be keen to meet the Prime Minister

6 The National Assembly is expected to be thinking of imposing new taxes raise extra revenue.

7 The electricity supply industry is expected to be running into surplus capacity by next year

8 Several Japanese manufacturers are reported to be planning to set up plai overseas

9 The brewers are expected to raise the price of beer in the near future

10 The drug was claimed to produce no undesirable side-effects.

VIII REWRITING

1 She is believed to be an honest person

2 The president is thought to arrive soon

3 Many passengers are reported to have died in the crash

4 The prices are expected to rise again this month

5 Life is proved not to exist on the moon

6 The Prime Minister and his wife are said to be getting divorced

7 The President was said to have suffered a heart attack

8 He is said to have passed the final exam with the best result

9 He was not expected to be so successful

10 The robbers are believed to have got into the bank through the roof

11 One of our windows was found to have been broken

12 People say (that) he was/has been in the army

13 The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car

14 The owner of the house is thought to be abroad

15 He is said to have been all over the world

16 Mr Jones was thought to be unfairly treated

IX GUIDED CLOZE

1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 C 10 D

X READING

1 The Great Pyramid was constructed about 4,720 years ago

2 It was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops

3 They are put almost exactly on true north, south, east and west

4 Each line represents a type of line of events

XI READING

1 D 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 A

XII READING

1 holiday 2 tourists / visitors / travellers 3 population 4 Capital 5 Weather / climate

6 desert 7 temperature 8 interesting 9 pleasant/nice 10 other

XIII READING

1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A

XIV READING

i C 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B

XV READING

1 They were located on the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq

2 The Gardens were built by King Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife or concubine who had been "brought up in Media and had a passion for mountain surroundings"

3 No, they didn't

4 They are the imagination of poets and ancient historians, and the impression of Alexander's soldiers when they reached the fertile land of Mesopotamia and saw Babylon

5 Some evidence about the location of the Gardens, their irrigation system, a their true appearance

XVI READING

1 The Great Wall was first formed during the Quin dynasty (221-206 B.C.)

2 He sent armies at the Wall to stand guard over the workers as well as to defe the northern boundaries

3 In the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

4 The Portuguese supplied the canon for the watch towers at the Great Wall

5 Because both the Mongols and the Manchurians were able take power, not because of weakness in the Wall, but because of weakness in the governm and the poverty of the people

XVII READING

1 Stonehenge represents Britain's greatest national icon, symbolizing myste power and endurance

2 It is a bank and ditch arrangement

3 A temple made for the worship of ancient earth gods, an astronomical observat for making significant events on the prehistoric calendar, or a sacred site the burial of high-ranking citizens from the societies of long ago

4 The prehistoric carvings on the larger sarsen stones, previous generations home construction or road repair, or close visitors contact

5 They were made from the antlers of red deer and, possibly, wood

XVIII READING