Erase the graffiti of negative self talk

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BioMed Central Page 1 of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Research Application of a hybrid wavelet feature selection method in the design of a self-paced brain interface system Mehrdad Fatourechi* 1 , Gary E Birch 1,2,3 and RababKWard 1,3 Address: 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, 2 Neil Squire Society, Burnaby, BC V5M 3Z3, Canada and 3 Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Email: Mehrdad Fatourechi* - mehrdadf@ece.ubc.ca; Gary E Birch - garyb@neilsquire.ca; Rabab K Ward - rababw@ece.ubc.ca * Corresponding author Abstract Background: Recently, successful applications of the discrete wavelet transform have been reported in brain interface (BI) systems with one or two EEG channels. For a multi-channel BI system, however, the high dimensionality of the generated wavelet features space poses a challenging problem. Methods: In this paper, a feature selection method that effectively reduces the dimensionality of the feature space of a multi-channel, self-paced BI system is proposed. The proposed method uses a two-stage feature selection scheme to select the most suitable movement-related potential features from the feature space. The first stage employs mutual information to filter out the least discriminant features, resulting in a reduced feature space. Then a genetic algorithm is applied to the reduced feature space to further reduce its dimensionality and select the best set of features. Results: An offline analysis of the EEG signals (18 bipolar EEG channels) of four able-bodied subjects showed that the proposed method acquires low false positive rates at a reasonably high true positive rate. The results also show that features selected from different channels varied considerably from one subject to another. Conclusion: The proposed hybrid method effectively reduces the high dimensionality of the feature space. The variability in features among subjects indicates that a user-customized BI system needs to be developed for individual users. Background A successful brain interface (BI) system enables individu- als with severe motor disabilities to control objects in their environment (such as a light switch, neural prosthe- sis or computer) by using only their brain signals. Such a system measures specific features of a person's brain sig- nal that relate to his or her intent to affect control, then translates them into control signals that are used to con- trol a device [1,2]. Brain interface systems are implemented in two ways: sys- tem-paced (synchronized) or self-paced (asynchronous). In system-paced BI systems, a user can initiate a command only during certain periods specified by the system. In a self-paced BI system, users can affect the output of the BI system whenever they want, by intentionally changing their brain state. The state in which a user is intentionally attempting to control a device is called an intentional con- trol (IC) state. At other times, users are said to be in a no- Published: 30 April 2007 Journal of NeuroEngineering Erase the graffiti of negative self-talk Erase the graffiti of negative self-talk Bởi: Joe Tye “Like a gardener, you choose the specific thought-seeds you want to plant Hypnosis helps you to care for and nourish those thought-seeds to grow and bear fruit Your subconscious mind is your secret garden where the thoughts you plant grow to become your reality This garden is more fertile than you may realize, so plant carefully!” Henry Leo Bolduc: Self-Hypnosis Your thoughts have a huge influence on creating your future reality But you are not your thoughts You choose whether to master them or to let them master you To paraphrase what Winston Churchill once said about how we shape and are subsequently shaped by our buildings, we first shape our thoughts and then our thoughts shape us You become what you think about A mind full of fear of failure will increase your chances of failure A mind confident of success will help make you a success Obsession with the fear of poverty will create poverty Confidence in your ability to create abundance will bring you abundance Whether you see yourself as a failure and a victim, or as a competent and successful person experiencing a temporary setback, what you see is what you’ll get Over 3,000 years ago, a wise person wrote in the I Ching that every negative thought must be purged before it takes root in the garden of your mind Buddha said that no enemy can hurt you as much as your own unwise thoughts Your thoughts create your reality If you spend your days with fears of failure, poverty, crisis, rejection, and disappointment, that’s what you’ll get If you spend your days with images of success, acceptance, love, happiness, and fulfillment, that’s what you’ll get Researchers have shown that the human brain has an extraordinary capacity to rewire itself in response to both experience and thought The technical name for this capability is “brain plasticity.” Using a computer metaphor, it is as if by changing the software you can actually have a transformative impact on the hardware In other words, if you make a good faith effort to change your inner self-talk, over time you will actually begin changing the physiological structure of your brain so that negative self-talk is more automatically replaced by a positive inner dialogue 1/1 Influence of phenolic group content in lignin expanders on the performance of negative lead–acid battery plates M. Matrakova a , T. Rogachev a , D. Pavlov a,* , B.O. Myrvold b a Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria b Borregaard LignoTech, N-1701 Sarpsborg, Norway Abstract Negative plates for lead–acid batteries containing lignin expander UP-414 with various phenolic group contents have been investigated. The members of the family of lignins UP-414 are produced by Borregaard LignoTech, Norway and differ mainly by the amount of phenolic groups and less so by the carboxylic groups in their structure, the content of all other functional groups (methoxyl, ketonic, etc.) being the same for all UP-414 products. The influence of phenolic group content in the expander on the performance of SLI batteries has been studied. It has been established that the batteries with PbSb grids exhibit a decline in C 20 capacity, CCA performance and cycle life, when the content of phenolic groups in the expander increases. The capacity, cycle life and self-discharge of batteries with PbSnCa grids do not depend on the content of phenolic groups in the lignin. It has been proved experimentally that lignin reacts with the ions of the grid alloying additives forming metal–lignin compounds, which exert an influence on the performance of the negative plates. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Lead–acid battery; Expanders; Lignins; Phenolic groups in lignin; Metal–lignin compounds 1. Introduction Organic expanders based on lignins exert an influence on the processes of charge and discharge of negative lead–acid battery plates. Being surface active substances, they also affect the hydrogen overvoltage on the negative electrode. This influence of the expander is mainly due to the func- tional groups in its structure: methoxy, phenolic, carboxyl, ketonic, carbinol structural groups, etc., which affect the above processes and thus the performance of the battery. Lignins and their derivatives present polymer substances with a fairly complex structure comprising, a great variety of functional groups, and the different functional groups occupy a variety of positions in the polymer structure of the expander. Moreover, the active functional groups affect, via different mechanisms, the crystallisation, the physico- chemical and electrochemical processes during formation and the degradation of the negative active mass on charge and discharge. The influence of a given functional group on the performance characteristics of the negative plates is thus very complex and also depends on the influence of the other functional groups. Moreover, the expander is subjected to oxygen attack by the oxygen evolved on the positive plate and also to hydrogen attack by the hydrogen evolved on the negative plate [1]. Hence, the chemical stability of the expander is important for the cycle life of the battery. In a previous paper of ours, we studied the effect of the functional groups contained in a family of eight lignin products on the performance of SLI batteries when tested according to the DIN-43539-2 standard [2]. It was estab- lished that phenolic-OH groups (Ar-OH) and the purity of the lignins, expressed by K solid exert an influence on most of the battery parameters. The effect of phenolic groups on battery performance has been investigated earlier [3,4].It has been found that phenolic groups have a beneficial effect on the behaviour of the negative plates. A second hydroxyl group in the structure of the phenol nucleus improves the performance of the negative plate in ascending order depending on the CAS E REP O R T Open Access Successful interdisciplinary management of the misdeployment of two self-expanding stents into the internal carotid artery: a case report Dominik Jost 1* , Helfried Meissner 1 , Henning von Loewensprung 2 , Thomas Guethe 3 , Thomas Hupp 1,4 , Hans Henkes 5,6 Abstract Introduction: With the widespread use of carotid artery stenting, previously unknown technical mistakes of this treatment modality are now being encountered. There are multiple strategies for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. With regard to surgical management, endarterectomy and patch plasty are favored. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first description of a complete stent removal by the eversion technique. Case presentation: We report the case of a 63-year-old Caucasian man with misde ployment of two stents into his stenotic proximal internal carotid artery, resulting in a high-grade mechanical obstruction of the internal carotid artery lumen. With the contralateral internal carotid artery already occluded and associated stenoses of both proximal and distal vertebral arteries, an interdisciplinary therapeutic concept was applied. Bilateral balloon angioplasty and stenting of the proximal and distal stenotic vertebral arteries were carried out to provide sufficient posterior collateral blood flow, followed by successful surgical stentectomy and carotid endarterectomy using the eversion technique. Duplex scanning and neurological assessments were normal over a 12-month follow-up period. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary treatment is a recommended option to prot ect patients from further impairment. Further evaluation in larger studies is highly recommended. Introduction Stroke is the most common cause of disability. Preven- tion of stroke by carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or caro- tid artery st enting (CAS) is widely accepted, and they are basically equivalent treatment modalities [1,2]. The endovascular treatment of internal carotid stenoses is an appropriate treatment method not just for patients at high surgical risk. It is not unexpected that procedural safety and complication rates of CAS are closely related to the operator’ s skill and the institutional experience with the technique. This can be expressed in terms of caseload or patient enrollment numbers into clinical trials [3]. With the widespread and unregulated use of CAS, however, complication rates could increase and their management is sometimes a challenge for vascular specialists. Apart from the inherent risks of stenting procedures (for example, stent thrombosis, distal emboli, hyperperfusion, hemorrhage and so on), a variety of technical failures have also been observed. They include, among others, sizing issues with overdilation or under- dilatation, distal wire injury, and disconnection of pro- tection filters, with their respective clinical sequelae. Here, we report the case of a patient in whom a proxi- mal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis was stented in another hospital. At presentation to our institution, t he apparent misdeployment of t he two stents in a partly overlapping position was found (’hugging’ stents). Well co-ordinated endovascular and surgical management saved our patient from further impairment. Case presentation A 63-year-old Caucasian man initially presented with an asymptomatic 55% stenosis of the right proximal ICA (Figure 1A) to another institution. The left ICA was * Correspondence: d.jost2@klinikum-stuttgart.de 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Jost et al. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2010, 4:397 http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/4/1/397 JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CASE REPORTS © 2010 Jost et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distribute d under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES &INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** LÊ THỊ NHÀN THE EFFECT OF TEACHERS’ SELF-REFLECTION ON LEARNERS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AT AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER IN HANOI (VAI TRÒ CỦA CHIẾN LƯỢC TỰ PHẢN HỒI CỦA GIÁO VIÊN ĐỐI VỚI KẾT QUẢ THI VIẾT CỦA HỌC SINH TẠI MỘT TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ TẠI HÀ NỘI ) M.A. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60 140 111 Hanoi – 2014 VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** LÊ THỊ NHÀN THE EFFECT OF TEACHERS’ SELF-REFLECTION ON LEARNERS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AT AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTER IN HANOI (VAI TRÒ CỦA CHIẾN LƯỢC TỰ PHẢN HỒI CỦA GIÁO VIÊN ĐỐI VỚI KẾT QUẢ THI VIẾT CỦA HỌC SINH TẠI MỘT TRUNG TÂM ANH NGỮ TẠI HÀ NỘI ) M.A. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60 140 111 Supervisor: Tô Thị Thu Hương, PhD Hanoi - 2014 i DECLARATION I, Lê Thị Nhàn, declare that the thesis entitled “The effect of teachers’ self- reflection on learners’ writing achievement at an English language center in Hanoi” reports the result of the study conducted by myself. The minor thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Post-graduate studies, ULIS, Hanoi for the Degree of Master in TESOL. It has not been published anywhere. Hanoi, September 15 th , 2014 Lê Thị Nhàn ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the first place, I would like to send my sincere thankfulness to my supervisor – Ms. To Thi Thu Huong for all her valuable guidance, helpful advices, recommendation, and encouragement during the time I tried to complete this minor thesis. Without her, I would not have followed the right direction for the accomplishment of this research. Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this thesis. I want to thank Wider World Language Center for giving me permission to work with their students and to do the necessary research work in their office. I have furthermore to thank all the students of Wider World Language Center for their stimulating participations and valuable hints. Thirdly, I would like to thank all the teachers of Post-Graduate Faculty for their valuable lectures which lay the foundation for my minor thesis. Last but not least, I would like to express my biggest love and thankfulness to my family for their unconditional contributions during my thesis production. It was my parents who gave me the will to continue this challenging work. iii ABSTRACT The concept of teachers’ self-reflection refers to the extent to which teachers contemplate and reflect on their teaching experience in the classroom in order to improve their teaching skills. This study seeks to explore the effect of teacher’s self- reflection on the learners’ writing achievement at a language center. The main objectives were to (1) examine whether teacher’s self-reflection have any effect on the students’ writing achievement and (2) to what extent this innovative teaching strategy have had an impact on students’ writing skills. In order to reach these objectives, the action research was conducted on 15 EFL learners at Wider World language Center. The effectiveness of the program was investigated through the comparison of students’ pre-test and post-test scores, and analysis of teacher’s diary. The results of the study indicated that teacher’s self-reflection do have facilitating effect on students’ writing achievement. The findings also revealed that the attitudes of students towards learning English writing were more positive. On this basis, the study recommended some implications for teaching and directions for further research with reference to the