Overview of Photosynthesis

Overview of Photosynthesis tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các lĩnh vực k...

Bài 1: Overview of SQL Server 2000 Tác giả: Vovisoft.comÐể đọc và hiểu bài viết này bạn phải có kiến thức căn bản về SQL và Access Database Giới Thiệu SQL Server 2000SQL Server 2000 là một hệ thống quản lý cơ sở dữ liệu (Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) ) sử dụng Transact-SQL để trao đổi dữ liệu giữa Client computer và SQL Server computer. Một RDBMS bao gồm databases, database engine và các ứng dụng dùng để quản lý dữ liệu và các bộ phận khác nhau trong RDBMS.SQL Server 2000 được tối ưu để có thể chạy trên môi trường cơ sở dữ liệu rất lớn (Very Large Database Environment) lên đến Tera-Byte và có thể phục vụ cùng lúc cho hàng ngàn user. SQL Server 2000 có thể kết hợp "ăn ý" với các server khác như Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), E-Commerce Server, Proxy Server SQL Server có 7 editions:• Enterprise : Chứa đầy đủ các đặc trưng của SQL Server và có thể chạy tốt trên hệ thống lên đến 32 CPUs và 64 GB RAM. Thêm vào đó nó có các dịch vụ giúp cho việc phân tích dữ liệu rất hiệu quả (Analysis Services) • Standard : Rất thích hợp cho các công ty vừa và nhỏ vì giá thành rẻ hơn nhiều so với Enterprise Edition, nhưng lại bị giới hạn một số chức năng cao cấp (advanced features) khác, edition này có thể chạy tốt trên hệ thống lên đến 4 CPU và 2 GB RAM. • Personal: được tối ưu hóa để chạy trên PC nên có thể cài đặt trên hầu hết các phiên bản windows kể cả Windows 98. • Developer : Có đầy đủ các tính năng của Enterprise Edition nhưng được chế tạo đặc biệt như giới hạn số lượng người kết nối vào Server cùng một lúc Ðây là edition mà các bạn muốn học SQL Server cần có. Chúng ta sẽ dùng edition này trong suốt khóa học. Edition này có thể cài trên Windows 2000 Professional hay Win NT Workstation. • Desktop Engine (MSDE): Ðây chỉ là một engine chạy trên desktop và không có user interface (giao diện). Thích hợp cho việc triển khai ứng dụng ở máy client. Kích thước database bị giới hạn khoảng 2 GB. • Win CE : Dùng cho các ứng dụng chạy trên Windows CE • Trial: Có các tính năng của Enterprise Edition, download free, nhưng giới hạn thời gian sử dụng. Cài Ðặt SQL Server 2000 (Installation) Các bạn cần có Developer Edition và ít nhất là 64 MB RAM, 500 MB hard disk để có thể install SQL Server. Bạn có thể install trên Windows Server hay Windows XP Professional, Windows 2000 Professional hay NT Workstation nhưng không thể install trên Win 98 family.Vì một trong những đặc điểm của các sản phẩm Microsoft là dễ install nên chúng tôi không trình bày chi tiết về cách install hay các bước install mà chỉ trình bày các điểm cần lưu ý khi install mà thôi. Nếu các bạn gặp trở ngại trong việc install thì có thể đưa lên forum để hỏi thêm. Khi install bạn cần lưu ý các điểm sau:Ở màn hình thứ hai bạn chọn Install Database Server. Sau khi install xong SQL Server bạn có thể install thêm Analysis Service nếu bạn thích.Ở màn hình Installation Definition bạn chọn Server and Client Tools.Sau đó bạn nên chọn kiểu Custom và chọn tất cả các bộ phận của SQL Server. Ngoài ra nên chọn các giá trị mặc định Overview of Photosynthesis Overview of Photosynthesis Bởi: OpenStaxCollege All living organisms on earth consist of one or more cells Each cell runs on the chemical energy found mainly in carbohydrate molecules (food), and the majority of these molecules are produced by one process: photosynthesis Through photosynthesis, certain organisms convert solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy, which is then used to build carbohydrate molecules The energy used to hold these molecules together is released when an organism breaks down food Cells then use this energy to perform work, such as cellular respiration The energy that is harnessed from photosynthesis enters the ecosystems of our planet continuously and is transferred from one organism to another Therefore, directly or indirectly, the process of photosynthesis provides most of the energy required by living things on earth Photosynthesis also results in the release of oxygen into the atmosphere In short, to eat and breathe, humans depend almost entirely on the organisms that carry out photosynthesis Concept in Action Click the following link to learn more about photosynthesis Solar Dependence and Food Production Some organisms can carry out photosynthesis, whereas others cannot An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food The Greek roots of the word autotroph mean “self” (auto) “feeder” (troph) Plants are the best-known autotrophs, but others exist, including certain types of bacteria and algae ([link]) Oceanic algae contribute enormous 1/7 Overview of Photosynthesis quantities of food and oxygen to global food chains Plants are also photoautotrophs, a type of autotroph that uses sunlight and carbon from carbon dioxide to synthesize chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates All organisms carrying out photosynthesis require sunlight (a) Plants, (b) algae, and (c) certain bacteria, called cyanobacteria, are photoautotrophs that can carry out photosynthesis Algae can grow over enormous areas in water, at times completely covering the surface (credit a: Steve Hillebrand, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service; credit b: "eutrophication&hypoxia"/Flickr; credit c: NASA; scale-bar data from Matt Russell) Heterotrophs are organisms incapable of photosynthesis that must therefore obtain energy and carbon from food by consuming other organisms The Greek roots of the word heterotroph mean “other” (hetero) “feeder” (troph), meaning that their food comes from other organisms Even if the food organism is another animal, this food traces its origins back to autotrophs and the process of photosynthesis Humans are heterotrophs, as are all animals Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs, either directly or indirectly Deer and wolves are heterotrophs A deer obtains energy by eating plants A wolf eating a deer obtains energy that originally came from the plants eaten by that deer The energy in the plant came from photosynthesis, and therefore it is the only autotroph in this example ([link]) Using this reasoning, all food eaten by humans also links back to autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis 2/7 Overview of Photosynthesis The energy stored in carbohydrate molecules from photosynthesis passes through the food chain The predator that eats these deer is getting energy that originated in the photosynthetic vegetation that the deer consumed (credit: Steve VanRiper, U.S Fish and Wildlife Service) Biology in Action Photosynthesis at the Grocery Store Photosynthesis is the origin of the products that comprise the main elements of the human diet (credit: Associação Brasileira de Supermercados) Major grocery stores in the United States are organized into departments, such as dairy, meats, produce, bread, cereals, and so forth Each aisle contains hundreds, if not thousands, of different products for customers to buy and consume ([link]) Although there is a large variety, each item links back to photosynthesis Meats and dairy products link to photosynthesis because the animals were fed plant-based foods The breads, cereals, and pastas come largely from grains, which are the seeds of photosynthetic plants What about desserts and drinks? All of these products contain sugar—the basic carbohydrate molecule produced directly from photosynthesis The photosynthesis connection applies to every meal and every food a person consumes Main Structures and Summary of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants ([link]) After the process is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules, most commonly glucose These sugar molecules contain the energy that living things need to survive 3/7 Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis uses solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water to release oxygen and to produce energy-storing sugar molecules The complex reactions of photosynthesis can be summarized by the chemical equation shown in [link] The process of photosynthesis can be represented by an equation, wherein carbon ... Outline: I. Introduction and overview of KFC Corporation II. Body 1. Environment factors effect to international strategies of KFC 1.1. National environment 1.1.1. Home country: America 1.1.2. Host countries 1.1.2.1. Vietnam 1.1.2.2. Australia 2. International environment factors 1.2.1. The political environment 1.2.2. The economic environment 1.2.3. The social cultural environment 1.2.4. The demographic environment 1.2.5. The technological environment 2. How does KFC segment the market 2.1. In America 2.2. In Vietnam 2.3. In Australia 3. Best activities that KFC used in Vietnam III. Conclusion Group members: 1. Phan Thi Thanh Binh ( group leader) 2. Le Thi Quynh Anh 3. Tu Thi Lan Anh 4. Hoang Thi Tuyet Anh 5. Le Thi Ngoc Anh 6. Nguyen Thi Anh 7. Mai Thi Chi 8. Nguyen Hong Chi 9. Do Thi Chinh 10. Nguyen Thi Cham I. The introduction and overview of Kentucky Fried Chicken 1.1. Introduction International marketing (IM) or global marketing refers to marketing carried out by companies overseas or across national borderlines. This strategy uses an extension of the techniques used in the home country of a firm. It refers to the firm-level marketing practices across the border including market identification and targeting, entry mode selection, marketing mix, and strategic decisions to compete in international markets. A international company must have a good international marketing strategy. To be successful in home country environment and host country environment, international businesses need use several factors in the environment to gauge the direction in which they should steer. There are various environmental factors which can impact the businesses in an economy. These environmental factors can be categorized into external and internal environment of the businesses. The internal environment of the company includes the factors which are within the company and under the control of company like product Organizational culture, Leadership, and Manufacturing (quality). On the other hand, the external factors are not under the control of the company and include Social environment, political conditions, suppliers, competitors of the company, Government regulations and policies, accounting agencies like Accounting standard board, Resources in an economy and demographics of people. From that, we can see environmental factors have much effects to international marketing strategy of an international company. And here is the case of KFC - the world's most popular chicken restaurant chain. It is not only successful in American, but also in many other countries over the world. To do this, KFC always evaluates the environmental factors and often find ways to succeed through innovative technologies, clever marketing tactics and unique product and service offerings. So, what are those environmental factors? How does KFC segment the market? What is the best activity KFC used Overview of Vietnam’s tourism The tourism industry in Vietnam today has become a fast-growing economic sector and occupies an important position in the economic structure of many countries. Vietnam is known for its famous landscapes and is recognized worldwide for its cultural heritages destinations such as Ha Long Bay, Phong Nha, Ke Bang, My Son, Hue, and the ancient town of Hoi An, with their rich and diverse natural settings. Besides those, Vietnam has some ecological systems of mangrove forests that have not been exploited such as Cuc Phuong in Ninh Binh and Pu Mat in Nghe An. Furthermore, Vietnam has many beautiful landscapes such as Phan Thiet in Binh Thuan, Nha Trang in Khanh Hoa, Bai Chay in Ha Long, Vung Tau which are suitable for the development of marine tourism. Therefore, Vietnam is and has been an ideal destination for travellers and international tourists alike. To further develop these scenic attractions, Vietnam should increasingly boost investment and upgrade infrastructure more comprehensively. One of the most basic measures to attract tourists is to create compelling services to meet the needs and preferences of guests, providing preliminary information for guests about the cultural life of the region that tourists visit. However, if the product is attractive, but the environment for tourists is inadequate, then you cannot create a solid foundation for recreational and tourist activities. Environmental tourism here is understood as tourism in the natural environment as well as cultural tourism. In recent years, the development of tourism in our country has created many business opportunities such as organizations opening the door for tourists to visit, additional investment and materials and the expansion of the road network, Tour price incentives and friendly people. But with the positive side there are many problems such as solving environmental pollution at tourist sites, some beggars stealing and clinging on to buyers. In addition, many business establishments have begun dying and losing business and people in some places are not friendly to tourists, some accommodation for visitors to rest remains to be clean. Importantly, these things have reduced Vietnam's image in the eyes of international tourists. Therefore, in recent years our country has offered solutions to limit the effects on tourism in particular and the environment in general. For example, last October, Ho Chi Minh City issued its 2010 Tourism development plan for Vietnam. Accordingly, in 2010, the city’s tourism industry has striven to fulfil and exceed the basic target. International visitors to the city reached 2.8 million, up 7% over 2009. Domestic tourists increased form 15-20%. Total revenue reached VND 40,000 billion, an increase of 15% over 2009’s revenue. As a result, it reinforces 1 the important role of tourism in Ho Chi Minh City as well as it affirms the development of “the Vietnam’s tourism of the new millennium.” Advantages of tourism development in Vietnam As we know to develop tourism in Vietnam successfully, the most crucial factor is to provide a pristine natural environment because this is the key to ensure lasting impressions and therefore satisfied customers. Also, when talking about the environment, by definition we mean both the natural and material elements, so creating a close inter-connected relationship of these aspects is equally important. As tourism grows, there should be little or no impact on the environment CHAPTER ONE: OVERVIEW OF BANKCARD 1.1. General introduction about bankcard 1.1.1 History of bankcard Bankcard history began when individual retail merchants extended credit to their customers, allowing them to charge purchases to an account held by the merchant. In 1730, Christopher Thompson, a furniture merchant, created the first advertisement for credit by offering furniture that could be paid off weekly. However, 1950 marked the real beginning of the credit card most of us are familiar with today. Diner’s Club, Inc. introduced the first credit card that could be used at a variety of stores and businesses. Advantages of this card immediately took notice of many people. In 1960, Bank of American introduced its own bankcard, the BankAmericard. In 1966, fourteen United States banks formed Interbank, a new association with the ability to exchange information on credit card transactions. The following year, 1967, four California banks changed their named from the California Bankcard Association to the Western States Bankcard Association (WSBA). The new WSBA licensed Interbank to use the MasterCharge name and logo. In the late 1960s, numerous financial institutions became MasterCharge (Interbank) members to compete with BankAmericard. Eventually, financial institutions interested in issuing cards in the U.S. became members of either BankAmericard or MasterCharge. In 1977, BankAmericard became Visa USA/ Visa International. In 1979, MasterCharge changed its name to MasterCard to reflect its expanded services. At the present time, the leaders in the bankcard systems are Visa, Master Card, Amex and JCB. Payment by bankcard quickly become popularity in other countries. In 1960, the first plastic card was used in Japan marked the beginning of bankcard in Asia. The first plastic card of Barcaly Bank issued in 1966 also highlighted a new period of development of bankcard in Europe. In Vietnam, the first card was accepted in 1990. It was the starting point for card’s products and services in Vietnam. Nowadays, bankcard presents all over the world in diversified forms which meet every demand of cardholders. Banks and financial institutions always try to improve bankcard to reach a friendly and convenient payment method for customers. 1.1.2. Concept and classification Everyday millions of people all around the globe are using bankcards for making credit card payments for their purchases. However, the fact that not every cardholders know concept of a bankcard * Concept: .In simple terms: A bankcard can be described as a plastic card issued by a bank or a financial institution, using which, the cardholder can gain access to the financial resources of the bank as a line of credit. * Classification: There are many types of cards that can be used as alternative forms of payment. Financial institutions issue some and banks issues others. Many allow the balance to be paid in full each month. Some take the payment directly from the cardholder’s bank account while others require that the cardholder send payment to the issuer. Herein, I list some popular ways to divide bankcards. Figure 1. - Types of bankcards Source: Developed for the report * Payment method: - Debit card: A plastic card used to initiate a debit transaction. In general, these transactions are used primarily to purchase goods and services and to obtain cash, for which the cardholder's asset account is debited by the issuer Debit card consist two basic types: + On-line debit card: An online-debit card deducts funds An Overview of International Tests iBT TOEFL, IELTS Helen Huntley Senior English Language Fellow 2007-08 Ministry of Education and Training, Hanoi, Vietnam helenshuntley@yahoo.com http://helenshuntley.com/ iBT TOEFL Why Change the Test? 3 Important Reasons:  Speaking has been added  Focus on the ability to communicate  Measures not only how much the student knows about English, but how well he or she can use it  Uses integrated tasks that reflect how language is actually used Integration of Skills & Tasks What are integrated tasks? Questions that require use of more than one skill at a time  Read/listen/speak  Listen/speak  Read /listen /write They give us a better picture of how well the student can communicate in English. iBT Test Format  Internet-based test delivered in secure testing centers on fixed dates  Test time: 4 hours  No computer tutorial – instructions given in each section  Not computer adaptive  Note-taking allowed  Microphone used for the Speaking section  Typing required for the Writing section  Human raters used for Speaking and Writing sections Timing of Sections Test Section # of Questions Timing Reading 3-5 passages, 12-14 questions each 60-100 minutes Listening 4-6 lectures, 6 questions each 2-3 conversations, 5 questions each 60-90 minutes BREAK 10 minutes Speaking 6 tasks: 2 independent and 4 integrated 20 minutes Writing 1 integrated task 1 independent task 20 minutes 30 minutes Reading Section I Academic Reading Skills 1. Reading to find information  Scanning for key facts/information  Reading fluency and rate 2. Basic comprehension  Understand main idea, major points and details, vocabulary in context, pronoun references  Make inferences 3. Reading to learn  Recognize organization and purpose  Understand relationships between ideas  Organize information into a category chart or summary  Infer the connection of ideas in the text Reading Section II Length: approx. 700 words each Categories of academic texts  Exposition  Argumentation  Historical /biographical event/narrative Question Formats  4 choices – single answer  4 choices – single answer to insert a sentence  ‘reading to learn’ Qs with 4+ choices and 1+ answer Reading: New Features  Reading to Learn questions sorting/recognizing organization/relationships category chart summary  Paraphrase questions multiple choice of correct paraphrase of a sentence from text  Glossary special purpose words and phrases Listening Section I Academic Listening Skills (lectures/conversations) 1. Listening for basic comprehension  Comprehend main ideas/important details 2. Listening for pragmatic understanding  Recognize a speaker’s attitude/degree of certainty  Recognize a speaker’s function or purpose 3. Connecting and synthesizing information  Recognize the organization of information  Understand relationships between ideas  Make inferences and draw conclusions  Make connections  Recognize topic changes, examples, digressions, aside statements, introductions, conclusions Listening Section II 4-6 lectures, 3-5 minutes long (500-800 words) 2-3 conversations, 3 minutes long, 12-25 exchanges Pictures on screen to assist listening Categories of academic listening tasks  Monologue by professor  Interactive lecture  Conversations in an academic setting Question Formats  4 choices – single answer  4 choices – 1+ answers  Ordering of events or steps in process  Matching objects or text to categories in chart [...]... Each task scored on scale of 0-5 Evaluation criteria  Quality of writing organization, appropriate and correct use of grammar and ... 4/7 Overview of Photosynthesis In plants, photosynthesis takes place primarily in leaves, which consist of many layers of cells and have differentiated top and bottom sides The process of photosynthesis. .. fall, and levels of oxygen (a product) will rise As a result, the rate of photosynthesis will slow down 6/7 Overview of Photosynthesis Multiple Choice What two products result from photosynthesis? ... openings on the leaves) Art Connection 5/7 Overview of Photosynthesis Not all cells of a leaf carry out photosynthesis Cells within the middle layer of a leaf have chloroplasts, which contain