Exercise on unit 4

Exercise on unit 4 tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các lĩnh vực kinh tế,...

Int. J. Med. Sci. 2008, 5 333International Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN 1449-1907 www.medsci.org 2008 5(6):333-340 © Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved Research Paper Different effect of exercise on left ventricular diastolic time and interven-tricular dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with and without left bun-dle branch block Gunnar Plehn , Julia Vormbrock, Thomas Butz, Martin Christ, Hans-Joachim Trappe and Axel Meissner Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Marienhospital Herne, University of Bochum, Germany  Correspondence to: Gunnar Plehn, MD, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Marienhospital Herne, University of Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany. Tel.: (0049)-2323-4995617; Fax: (0049)-2323-499301; Email: gunnar.plehn@ruhr-uni- bochum.de Received: 2008.10.01; Accepted: 2008.11.03; Published: 2008.11.04 Background: In patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) a prolongation of left ventricular (LV) systole at the expense of diastolic time was demonstrated. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on heart rate corrected diastolic time in controls, IDCM with and without LBBB, and patients with LBBB and normal LV function. Methods: 47 patients with IDCM, 30 without LBBB, and 17 with LBBB as well as 11 with isolated LBBB were studied during exercise using a combined hemodynamic-radionuclide angiographic approach. The phases of the cardiac cycle were derived with high temporal resolution from the ventricular time-activity curve. The loss of diastolic time per beat (LDT) was quantified using a regression equation obtained from a control group (n=24). Results: A significant LDT was demonstrated at rest and during peak exercise in IDCM patients with LBBB (39.1±32 and 37.3±30 ms; p < 0.001). In IDCM patients with normal activation LDT was unaffected at baseline, but elevated during peak exercise. This response was paralleled by an increase in interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Conclusion: During exercise an abnormal shortening of LV diastolic time is a common characteristic of heart failure patients which can be explained by the high prevalence of mechanical dyssynchrony. Key words: diastolic time, heart failure, left bundle branch block, exercise test, interventricular dyssynchrony Introduction The introduction of cardiac resynchronization therapy has recently renewed the clinical interest in the analysis of specific phases of the cardiac cycle and their temporal relationship (1). In heart failure patients two major abnormalities of the gross time course of cardiac contraction were demonstrated: a prolongation of total isovolumic time (t-IVT) which represents the time wasted within the cardiac cycle and a disproportionate shortening of left ventricular (LV) diastolic time which suggests an impaired temporal relation between LV systole and diastole (2,3,4). Whether left bundle branch block (LBBB) has a similar, consistent effect on the systolic-diastolic phase proportion at rest and during stress has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, our study sought to separate the effects of LBBB and Test Unit 10: Healthy lifestyle and longevity Pronunciation: I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other others: A anxiety A infectious A obesity A attribute B longevity B essential B overcrowded B advantage C dietary C nutritious C potential C analyse D resident D consistent D ecosystem D standard Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others: A lifestyle A infectious II B disease B serious C substance C nutritious D treatment D severe Vocabulary and grammar: People should try for mild health problems such as colds and headaches A Meditation B natural remedies C prescription D life expectation Lack of exercise and fatty food consumption can weaken our A Immune system B remedy C meditation D cholesterol _ means an illness that can be passed from one person to another, especially though the air 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 people breathe A Infectious disease B Heart-related illness C Headache D Stomachache In addition to a nutritious diet, a _ lifestyle can boost your health and increase your life expectancy A stress-free B sugar-free C cholesterol-free D anti-ageing Science has shown that many types chronic diseases are to people’s bad eating habits A given B attributed C contributed D caused The teacher accused her students _ attention to what she said A not paying B on not paying C of not paying D not to pay Sleep, rest and relaxation can slow down the A Ageing process B life expectation C cholesterol D health ‘ Can you make it here by 6p.m?’ ‘ ’ A The next flight departs at five B I’m sorry I’m late B He’s not coming D I’ll try my best The other driver blamed me causing the accident but it really wasn’t my fault A at B to C for D on In my opinion, you should not stare _ a computer screen for too long A on B at C in D into I’ll let you buy a motorbike _ you ride it carefully A as if B whenever C although D as long as People who eat lots of red meat are developing heart disease A at risk of B in risk of C at risk on D in risk of My father said that if his flight to Hue was cancelled he’d travel by train A Today B tomorrow C the following day D next day I found a website advertising an effective way to lose weight in one month A Put on weight B gain weight C become slimmer D become heavier Lack of exercise and high-fat diets have to be the factor in heart attack A long been known B long known been C been long known D been known long Home-made _ masks based on fruits are completely natural and inexpensive A anti-ageing B stress-free C anti-acne D cholesterol-free We have bought extra food our friends stay to dinner A if B in case C provided D as long as “Make yourself at home” – “ ” A Not at all Don’t mention it B That’s very nice Thank you C Thanks Same to you D Yes, can I help you 25 _ anything else please ring the bell for the attendant A If you are requiring B You should require C Should you require D Were you to require 26 One of the aims of Greenpeace is to of the environmental problems facing our planet A take responsibility B arouse interest C raise concert D raise awareness III Error correction: 27 It took me a very long time to recover off the shock of her death A took B a very long time C recover D her death 28 My sister told me that she had met my teacher at the supermarket yesterday A My sister told B she had met C at the supermarket D yesterday 29 When he took the ticket out of from his pocket, a hundred dollar bill fell to the floor without his noticing it A the B from his pocket C to D without 30 Each of students in the accounting class has to type their own research paper this semester A students B in the C their D own 31 If I went to the party yesterday evening, I would be very tired now A went B party C would be D tired 32 The police suspected her children for having cut down the oldest tree in the park A suspected B for C having cut D the oldest IV Reading: Read the passage below and decide which answer best fits each space: SOME GOLDEN TIPS FOR MANAGINS STRESS + Notice what (33) _ you feel very anxious Face your anxieties + See what you can change in those areas (34) you are doing too much + Are you (35) to things? Is it necessary to get upset / anxious / angry? + Are you breathing too fast? Slow, deep (36) helps you relax + Try using some relaxation techniques (37) _ yoga or biofeedback They can be very useful in helping you relax + Get strong! (38) _ you are not too fat Don’t (39) _ too much coffee or alcohol Do you need to smoke so much or even at all? Exercise three or four times a week, but don’t exercise too much It can be bad for you + Don’t forget your friends They can give you very (40) support and help, as you can to them 33 A causes B makes C has D drives 34 A where B there C which D while 35 A exaggerating B overestimating C over careful D over reacting 36 A breathing B inhaling ... PRACTICE TEST ON UNIT 16 A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A. achieve B. theme C. region D. echo 2. A. expose B. host C. doll D. most 3. A. regional B. heritage C. regular D. project 4. A. laid B. said C. paid D. tail 5. A. youth B. young C. country D. cultural II. Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group. 6. A. opportunity B. participant C. development D. Malaysia 7. A. respectivelyB. activities C. regularly D. contributing 8. A. museum B. heritage C. exposing D. identity 9. A. important B. awareness C. understand D. committee 10. A. information B. university C. activation D. preference II. Choose the word whose syllable is stressed differently from the rest in each group. B. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES. 11. Mary is showing her growing with Vietnamese folk music. A. involvement B. involved C. invlove D. involves 12. Our students are towards science subjects. A. orienting B. oriented C. biased D. determined 13. Your support in my Vietnamese studies is greatly . A. appreciating B. appreciationC. appreciated D. appreciatedly 14. Our school a successful relationship with the local community. A. has established B. was established C. has been established D. has establishment 15. He did not want to his fears and insecurity to anyone. A. exposed B. exposition C. expose D. be exposed 16. Our school’s £1000 to the earthquake fund. A. contributing B. contributed C. contribute D. contribution 17. No one in the party have criticized his lack of . A. leader B. leading C. leadership D. leads 18. Dad is going to take his duties next week. A. up B. over C. off D. on 19. Because videos are available at any time, cinema have risen again recently. A. attendant B. attendances C. attending D. attention 20. He did not take part in workshops. Which sentence in the following is NOT of the same meaning? A. He was absent from the workshop. B. He missed the workshop. C. He failed to attend the workshop. D. The workshop failed him. 21. My sons, Trung and Sôn, aged 12 and 14 won the first prize in the contest “Nation’s Brain.” A. each B. respectively C. by one D. every 22. Arrange the materials are so that work can start immediately. A. on site B. by site C. in site D. to site 23. That dress really the colour of your eyes. A. brings up B. brings off C. brings out D. brings about 24. Four options are . for choice in each question. A. presented B. presenting C. presence D. presentation 25. He found his footsteps in the empty room. A. echoe B. echoeing C. echoed D. echoes Bảo Thoa 1 26. The man was innocent; it was a case of mistaken . A. identical B. identified C. identity D. identification 27. Which country in Asia is rich in cultural ? China, of course. A. advantage B. heritage C. vestige D. village 28. This book is an of a series of lectures given last year. A. expenses B. extension C. expanding D. expansion 29. I wonder why there’s rising crime in our societies. A. civilizations B. civilized C. civil D. civic 30. Everyone admires his thinking. A. creation B. creativenessC. creating D. creative PHRASAL VERBS Put in the correct prepositions or particles. 31. I asked him to put . the lights if he was the last to leave. 32. I don’t know how you put . the noise; it would drive me mad. 33. After his fourth attempt he gave . trying to pass the driving test. 34. Here’s a crash helmet. Put it . 35. He should try to make . his loss of sleep by going to bed early. 36. If you can’t find a room in a hotel, I could always put you . 37. The names of the winners were given . on the radio. 38. The shortage of gold has put . its price considerably. 39. If you want to save money, give . eating in expensive restaurants. 40. This clock is always slow; I put it . ten minutes every morning. 41. He put . his name for the Unit 5 – Further practice on Vocabulary I/- PRONUNCIATION: 1- a. campaign b. people c. population d. pneumonia 2- a. number b. able c. climber d. about 3- a. psychology b. prepare c. problem d. promote 4- a. comb b. combine c. combat d. combust 5- a. job b. bomb c. back d. before 6- a. illiteracy b. education c. eradicate d. minority 7- a. province b. country c. campaign d. ethnic 8- a. primary b. promotion c. effective d. consider 9- a. struggle b. lesson c. village d. remote 10- a. farming b. technique c. literacy d. number II/- VOCABULARY: 11- They have to work overtime because the requirements for ___ have not been fulfilled. a. complete b. completion c. completed d. completely 12- The program has been conducted ___ so more and more people can read and write. a. effect b. effective c. effectiveness d. effectively 13- As ___ we are keen to ensure that our students can find the best ways to learn. a. educate b. education c. educators d. educative 14- ___ is the state of not knowing how to read or write. a. literacy b. illiteracy c. campaign d. struggle 15- Have you completed your application form yet? a. ejected b. promoted c. eradicated d. finished 16- There are 54 ___ minorities in Vietnam. a. national b. primary c. ethnic d. main 17- A ___ for illiteracy eradication was launched by the Vietnam Society of Learning Promotion in the summer of 2000. a. battle b. campaign c. design d. project 18- Every summer, hundreds of students take part in a campaign to eradicate illiteracy. a. get rid of completely b. promote c. provide d. volunteer 19- Their economy has ___ rapidly, while ours, by contrast, is declining. a. struggled b. expanded c. reached d. enlarged 20- The number of illiterate people in the remote and mountainous areas is gradually decreasing. a. going up b. taking on c. becoming less d. coming up 21- Vietnamese people ___ for a long time to get to get independence and freedom. a. promised b. struggled c. eradicated d. expanded 22- I promise I will pay you back, in my ___ a. consider b. honour c. hope d. way 23- We have concerns about whether the government will be able o ___ a good education for poor children. a. spend b. combat c. volunteer d. provide 24- The conference continued after a ten minute break. a. went on b. took part in c. came back d. struggled against 25- Education is the best ___ for children’s future. a. preparation b. eradication c. promotion d. consideration 26- He has worked as a laboratory ___ in our university for ten years. a. technique b. technician c. technical d. technology 27- The government is taking emergency ___ to deal with a housing crisis. a. act b. activity c. action d. acting 28- We come to congratulate you on your ___. a. promote b. promotion c. promotional d. promoter 29- Most university students take part in school ___ which are held every summer. a. acts b. actions c. activities d. actors 30- We fought for the ___ of our country. a. honor b. honorable c. honorably d. honorand 31- The project has ___ the final stage so we have to work harder and harder. a. reached b. come c. gone d. ended 32- Gradually, she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth. a. little by little b. from time to time c. day by day d. at times 33- Educations should be ___ to the child’s needs. a. interesting b. exciting c. remote d. relevant 34- The government is spending a lot of money in the attempt to ___ against illiteracy. a. decrease b. fight c. go down d. complete 35- “I’ll try to get back in time”, Peter ___. a. considered b. talked c. completed d. promised 36- He’s helping the police ___ their inquiries. a. in b. at c. with d. for 37- Many students take part ___ the campaign for illiteracy eradication. a. for b. in c. from d. on 38- When preparing ___ a report, I can never keep track of time. a. of b. with c. on d. for 39- ___ number of illiterate people are trying to learn how to read and write. a. a b. the c. an d. ∅ 40- Hundreds Further practice on Unit 5 – Vocabulary I/- PRONUNCIATION: 1- a. academic b. campus c. apply d. entrance 2- a. tutor b. subject c. study d. result 3- a. require b. society c. twice d. applicant 4- a. blame b. amaze c. scary d. inflation 5- a. course b. daunt c. taught d. college 6- a. achieved b. advanced c. required d. replied 7- a. admission b. measure c. decision d. pleasure 8- a. explanation b. experience c. existence d. exciting II/- VOCABULARY: 9- My brother is 20. he’s still ___ university in New York. a. in b. on c. at d. for 10- She has got a degree ___ Biochemistry from London University. a. in b. for c. on d. of 11- Students have to apply ___ a place at the university while doing the A level. a. in b. on c. from d. for 12- Sarah lived ___ campus in her first year at college. a. in b. on c. at d. into 13- Taking part __ the Advanced Engineering project gave me a chance to use my knowledge to help society a. to b. on c. in d. for 14- Police are blaming the accident ___ dangerous driving. a. of b. over c. to d. on 15- She applied for training as a pilot, but they turned her ___ because of her poor eyesight. a. back b. up c. over d. down 16- Are you getting ___ well at college? a. on b. off c. in d. over 17- It is a course ___ two years for those who want to work as a marketing agent. a. of b. in c. for d. with 18- You can meet Mr. Pike, who is ___ behalf ___ the university to solve the problems of foreign students. a. on / of b. in / for c. with / at d. for / at 19- In most ___ developed countries, up to 50% of ___ population enters higher education at some time in their lives. a. ∅ / the b. the / a c. ∅ / ∅ d. the / ∅ 20- ___ colleges and ___ universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. a. the / ∅ b. ∅ / the c. the / the d. ∅ / ∅ 21- The making of good habits ___ a determination to keep on training your children. a. require b. requires c. requirement d. required 22- He was the only ___ that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying 23- A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ___ degrees at all levels in a variety of subjects. a. secondary b. optional c. academic d. vocational 24- A ___ is an area of knowledge or study, especially one that you study at school, college, or university. a. degree b. subject c. level d. vacancy 25- Most ___ are at senior level, requiring appropriate qualifications. a. degrees b. grades c. colleges d. vacancies 26- He had been expected to cope well with examinations and ___ good results. a. achieve b. consider c. last d. object 27- You can choose four subjects either in Arts ___ in Sciences. a. nor b. or c. and d. as 28- There are two types of higher education in ___ UK: higher general education and higher vocational education. a. a b. an c. the d. ∅ 29- He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the ___ of the company. a. requirements b. applicants c. information d. education 30- The University of Cambridge is a prestigious ___ of higher learning in the UK. a. tower b. hall c. house d. institute 31- Which subject do you ___ at university? – I major in March. a. do b. make c. practice d. demonstrate 32- A ___ is an official document that you receive when you have completed a course of study or training. a. vocation b. subject c. certificate d. grade 33- In many countries, prospective university students apply for ___ during their last year of high school. a. achievement b. information c. course d. admission 34- I would like to invite you to participate in the ___ ceremony. a. graduate b. graduated c. graduation d. graduating 35- The college he ___ to has accepted him. a. submitted b. required c. applied d. decided 36- Success should not be measured solely by ___ achievement. a. educated b. educating c. education d. educational 37- For this course a pass in English at grade B is ___. a. acceptable Unit 5 – Further practice on Vocabulary I/- PRONUNCIATION: 1- a. campaign b. people c. population d. pneumonia 2- a. number b. able c. climber d. about 3- a. psychology b. prepare c. problem d. promote 4- a. comb b. combine c. combat d. combust 5- a. job b. bomb c. back d. before 6- a. illiteracy b. education c. eradicate d. minority 7- a. province b. country c. campaign d. ethnic 8- a. primary b. promotion c. effective d. consider 9- a. struggle b. lesson c. village d. remote 10- a. farming b. technique c. literacy d. number II/- VOCABULARY: 11- They have to work overtime because the requirements for ___ have not been fulfilled. a. complete b. completion c. completed d. completely 12- The program has been conducted ___ so more and more people can read and write. a. effect b. effective c. effectiveness d. effectively 13- As ___ we are keen to ensure that our students can find the best ways to learn. a. educate b. education c. educators d. educative 14- ___ is the state of not knowing how to read or write. a. literacy b. illiteracy c. campaign d. struggle 15- Have you completed your application form yet? a. ejected b. promoted c. eradicated d. finished 16- There are 54 ___ minorities in Vietnam. a. national b. primary c. ethnic d. main 17- A ___ for illiteracy eradication was launched by the Vietnam Society of Learning Promotion in the summer of 2000. a. battle b. campaign c. design d. project 18- Every summer, hundreds of students take part in a campaign to eradicate illiteracy. a. get rid of completely b. promote c. provide d. volunteer 19- Their economy has ___ rapidly, while ours, by contrast, is declining. a. struggled b. expanded c. reached d. enlarged 20- The number of illiterate people in the remote and mountainous areas is gradually decreasing. a. going up b. taking on c. becoming less d. coming up 21- Vietnamese people ___ for a long time to get to get independence and freedom. a. promised b. struggled c. eradicated d. expanded 22- I promise I will pay you back, in my ___ a. consider b. honour c. hope d. way 23- We have concerns about whether the government will be able o ___ a good education for poor children. a. spend b. combat c. volunteer d. provide 24- The conference continued after a ten minute break. a. went on b. took part in c. came back d. struggled against 25- Education is the best ___ for children’s future. a. preparation b. eradication c. promotion d. consideration 26- He has worked as a laboratory ___ in our university for ten years. a. technique b. technician c. technical d. technology 27- The government is taking emergency ___ to deal with a housing crisis. a. act b. activity c. action d. acting 28- We come to congratulate you on your ___. a. promote b. promotion c. promotional d. promoter 29- Most university students take part in school ___ which are held every summer. a. acts b. actions c. activities d. actors 30- We fought for the ___ of our country. a. honor b. honorable c. honorably d. honorand 31- The project has ___ the final stage so we have to work harder and harder. a. reached b. come c. gone d. ended 32- Gradually, she realized that he wasn’t telling her the truth. a. little by little b. from time to time c. day by day d. at times 33- Educations should be ___ to the child’s needs. a. interesting b. exciting c. remote d. relevant 34- The government is spending a lot of money in the attempt to ___ against illiteracy. a. decrease b. fight c. go down d. complete 35- “I’ll try to get back in time”, Peter ___. a. considered b. talked c. completed d. promised 36- He’s helping the police ___ their inquiries. a. in b. at c. with d. for 37- Many students take part ___ the campaign for illiteracy eradication. a. for b. in c. from d. on 38- When preparing ___ a report, I can never keep track of time. a. of b. with c. on d. for 39- ___ number of illiterate people are trying to learn how to read and write. a. a b. the c. an d. ∅ 40- Hundreds of ___ ... Keep fit by training hard V 46 47 48 49 50 Writing: Rewrite the second sentence beginning as shown, so that it has a similar meaning to the first one: If her condition should improve, we’ll inform... meditation B attention C determination D prescription 18 Make sure the _ for your glasses or contact lens is up-to-date and adequate for computer use A medicine B prescription C size D introduction... gerunds 46 “ Don’t forget to enjoy yourself after a hard-working day,” Phong’s father said (reminded) 47 48 49 50 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… “ You need to start the day with exercise