LIÊN TỪ--Giảng viên Nguyễn Văn Nam 8.5 ielts

Liên từ tiếng anh: Cấu tạo, cách dùng & tập áp dụng Liên từ từ dùng để nối hai phần, hai mệnh đề câu Sau vài ví dụ liên từ: Liên từ đẳng lập: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, soLiên từ phụ thuộc: although, because, since, unless Ta xem xét liên từ từ khía cạnh Cấu tạo Liên từ gồm dạng • Từ đơn ví dụ: and, but, because, although • Từ ghép (thường kết thúc as that)ví dụ: provided that, as long as, in order that • Tương liên (đi với trạng từ tính từ)ví dụ: so that Hai chức Liên từ • Liên từ đẳng lập: dùng để nối phần câu có vai trò ngữ pháp độc lập với Đó từ đơn mệnh đề Ví dụ: - Jack and Jill went up the hill.- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming • Liên từ phụ thuộc: dùng để nối mệnh đề phụ thuộc với mệnh đề câu Ví dụ: - I went swimming although it was cold Vị trí liên từ tiếng anh • Liên từ đẳng lập: luôn đứng từ mệnh đề mà liên kết • Liên từ phụ thuộc: thường đứng đầu mệnh đề phụ thuộc * Các tình giao tiếp tiếng anh thông dụng Liên từ đẳng lập • and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so Một liên từ đẳng lập nối phần có vai trò ngữ pháp tương đương ngang câu Một liên từ đẳng lập cho thấy thành phần mà liên kết có cấu trúc tầm quan trọng tương tự nhauHãy xem ví dụ sau – thành tố ngoặc vuông nối với liên từ đẳng lập • I like [tea] and [coffee] • [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee] Liên từ đẳng lập đứng từ mệnh đề mà liên kết.Khi liên từ đẳng lập nối mệnh đề độc lập có dấu phẩy đứng trước liên từ • I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university Tuy nhiên, mệnh đề độc lập ngắn tương tự dấu phẩy không thực cần thiết: • She is kind so she helps people Khi “and” đứng trước từ cuối dãy liệt kê, có dấu phẩy không • He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum • He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum Có mẹo nhỏ để nhớ liên từ ngắn đơn giản.F A N B O Y SFor And Nor But Or Yet So Liên từ phụ thuộc Phần lớn số liên từ liên từ phụ thuộc Một số liên từ phổ biến • after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while Liên từ phụ thuộc nối mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề Hãy xem ví dụ sau: Mệnh đề liên từ phụ thuộc swimming although it was raining mệnh đề phụ Ram went Một mệnh đề phụ thuộc “phụ thuộc” vào mệnh đề Nó đứng câu độc lập Hãy tưởng tượng xem nói với bạn “ Hello! Although it was raining”, bạn hiểu nào? Vô nghĩa! Nhưng mệnh đề (hoặc mệnh đề độc lập) đứng riêng Bạn hiểu rõ ý có người nói rằng: “Hello! Ram went swimming.”Liên từ phụ thuộc luôn đứng đầu mệnh đề phụ thuộc Nó “giới thiệu” mệnh đề phụ thuộc Tuy nhiên, mệnh đề phụ thuộc đứng sau trước mệnh đề Do tiếng Anh có hai cấu trúc sau: Ram went swimming although it was raining.Although it was raining, Ram went swimming Kiến thức nâng cao Liên Từ tiếng anh: Ngoài loại liên từ (Liên từ phụ hợp-ordinating conjunction Liên từ tương quan-correlative conjunctions) học Level 250-500, hôm muốn cung cấp thêm loại liên từ nữa- chủ điểm hay xuất luyện thi TOEIC Liên từ gọi Liên từ tương hợp (Subordinating Conjunctions) Sau số loại liên từ tương hợp Chú ý rằng, sau liên từ mệnh đề Đọc thêm Câu điều kiện tiếng anh Diễn tả thời gian • While: she was eating while her husband was fixing his car • When: when you develop products, it is important to conduct a market research • Since: he has served this company since he graduated • Before: Before you leave the office, remember to turn off all the lights • After: After he returned to the office, he got a private phone call • As soon as: As soon as I come home, please let her know Diễn tả lý • Because: Because it was submitted late, the report was returned • Since: Since you left him, he is now addicted to wine • As: The economy added 10,000 jobs in the second quarter as ber domestic demands encouraged companies to hire more workers Diễn tả nhượng bộ: Although/ though/even he is inexperienced, he is still appreciated by the whole staff Diễn tả điều kiện: • If/once: If you want to see him, call me any time • Unless: Unless he calls, I will leave right away • As long as (miễn là): he agrees to take the job as long as the salary is high • Provided that/ providing: I will lend him money provided that he pays me on time Diễn tả mục đích: She buys a lovely doll so that/in order that her daughter can play with it at home Diễn tả đối lập: While/whereas: she keeps spending much money while her parents try to earn one single penny Một số liên từ thường gặp học tiếng anh: Liên từ đẳng lập ( Liên từ song Liên từ phụ thuộc ( Liên từ song ) phụ) AND FOR Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, wife for (because) he works hard I have many books and notebooks WHEREAS BOTH AND Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal hoc tieng anh Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it They learn both English and French WHILE AS WELL AS Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work Ví dụ: He has experience as well as knowledge Don't talk while you eat NO LESS THAN BESIDES, MOREOVER Ví dụ: You no less than he are very Ví dụ: We have to study hard at rich school; besides, we must pay attention NOT ONLY BUT (ALSO) to physical exercise Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the I like playing not only tennis but window (also) football SO OR Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be he is very popular with late students EITHER OR It rained very hard; so, we Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind didn't go out that night I don't have either books or HENCE notebooks Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the NEITHER NOR book Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor He came late; hence, he missed beer the first part of the lesson She has neither husband nor - Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như children trạng ngữ): BUT a Thời gian (Time): Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very AFTER lazy She is ugly but hard-working THEN Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard The ship was checked carefully Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; after she had been built then you must be very hungry AS The plant looks very faded; then it Ví dụ: He came her, as the hasn't been watered for long clock struck six CONSEQUENTLY They left as the bell rang Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for AS SOON AS this term; consequently, he failed the exam Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home HOWEVER They will get married as soon Ví dụ: He is a very lazy student; as they finish university however, he can pass all the exams easily BEFORE It was raining very hard; however, Ví dụ: Don't count your we went out without umbrellar chickens before they are hatchd NEVERTHELESS He talks as if he were very Ví dụ: She studies very hard; wise học tiếng anh giao tiếp nevertheless, she always gets bad marks Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick STILL, YET AS LONG AS Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE back Ví dụ: We have to work hard, UNTIL or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam Ví dụ: People not know the ONLY value of health until they lose it Ví dụ: Go where you like; only not stay here WHEN THEREFORE Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick Ví dụ: He violated the traffic winter clothes signs, therefore he was punished WHILE Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines Step while you dance b Nơi chốn (Places): WHERE Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I my homework WHEREVER Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me c Thể cách (Manner): AS Ví dụ: Do as I told you to AS IF Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her He dances as if he were a professional dancer d So sánh (Comparisons): AS Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brother This bag is as expensive as that one THAN Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister She looks fatter than his friend e Lí (Reasons): AS Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games BECAUSE Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard I didn't meet her because she had left earlier SINCE Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times f Mục đích (Purposes): THAT Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life SO THAT Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus IN ORDER THAT Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France g Điều kiện (Conditions) : IF Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number UNLESS (IF NOT) Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now Unless you work hard, you will not pass the exam PROVIDED THAT Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket IN CASE Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost h Sự tương phản, trái ngược: ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her AS Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy EVEN IF Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late NOT WITH THAT STANDING Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard  ... whisky, wine and rum Có mẹo nhỏ để nhớ liên từ ngắn đơn giản.F A N B O Y SFor And Nor But Or Yet So Liên từ phụ thuộc Phần lớn số liên từ liên từ phụ thuộc Một số liên từ phổ biến • after, although,... thức nâng cao Liên Từ tiếng anh: Ngoài loại liên từ (Liên từ phụ hợp-ordinating conjunction Liên từ tương quan-correlative conjunctions) học Level 250-500, hôm muốn cung cấp thêm loại liên từ nữa-... while her parents try to earn one single penny Một số liên từ thường gặp học tiếng anh: Liên từ đẳng lập ( Liên từ song Liên từ phụ thuộc ( Liên từ song ) phụ) AND FOR Ví dụ: She is a good and