AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
ễN THI QUC GIA - CHUYấN 2: SO SNH (COMPARISONS) Equal comparisons: (So sỏnh bng) (+) S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is as old as my father He drives as carefully as I (do) Mai is as beautiful as her mother (-) S1 + be not / Aux verb+ as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is not as/so old as my father He doesnt drive as/so carefully as I (do) - We use equal degree when we want to emphasize how many times this object is more than that one E.g: Her husband is twice as old as she (is) - í bng nhau, nh cú th c thay th bng cỏch din t khỏc: S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun Ex: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his Tom is as old as Mary = Tom and Mary are the same age Adj noun Heavy/ light weight wide/ marrow width deep/ shallow depth long/ short length big/ small size old age Comparatives (So sỏnh hn) * Short adjectives and adverbs: (Tớnh t v trng t ngn) S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + noun/ pronoun E.g: You are thinner than he (is) He runs faster than I (do) Today is hotter than yesterday I am three years older than you are * Long adjectives and adverbs: (Tớnh t v trng t di) S1 + V + more + adj/ adv (long) + than + noun/ pronoun E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am) He drives more carefully than I (do) - Lu ý: - Đằng sau trng t so sánh nh than as phải đại từ nhân xng chủ ngữ, không đợc phép đại từ nhân xng tân ngữ ( lỗi bản) Eg: Johns grades are higher than his sisters Today is hotter than yesterday This chair is more comfortable than the other He speaks Spanish more fluently than I He visits his family less frequently than she does This years exhibit is less impressive than last years - nhn mnh, ta cú th thờm much, a lot, far, a bit, a little vo trc so sỏnh hn Eg: Lets go by car Its much cheaper Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first - So sỏnh kộm hn: S + V + less + Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun Eg: This book is less difficult than that one He ran less quickly than Bill Superlatives (So sỏnh nht) S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est + in (danh t s ớt) the most + long adjective/ adverb + of (danh t s nhiu) the least + adjective/ adverb E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class Cheetah runs the fastest in the world Nga is the most intelligent of all the students Those shoes are the least expensive of all * Qui tc thờm er/ est vo sau tớnh t: - Tớnh t mt õm tit tn cựng l ph õm n (tr : w, x, z) ng trc mt nguyờn õm n thỡ gp ụi ph õm cui + er/ est : big bigger- biggest - Tớnh t õm tit, tn cựng l : y, le, et, ow, er ta bin i nh tớnh t ngn : clever cleverer cleverest Happy happier happiest quiet quieter quietest - Tớnh t õm tit tn cựng l ô e ằ cõm :ch thờm r/ st : - Tớnh t õm tit kt thỳc bng :ph õm +y : i y thnh i + er/ est Dry drier/ driest * Iregular adjectives/ adverbs No Equal degree Comparative Superlative bad/badly/ ill worse worst good/ well better best much more most little less least far farther/ further farthest/ furthest old older/ elder oldest/ eldest near nearer nearest late later/ latter latest/ last Comparions with nouns: (So sỏnh vi danh t) Danh t cng cú th c dựng lm so sỏnh cu trỳc so sỏnh bng, hn hoc kộm + S1 + V + as many/ much + N as noun/ pronoun S1 + negative V as/ so few/ little + E.g He earns as much money as I I dont have as/ so many friends as he does + S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than noun/ pronoun E.g He has collected more stamps than I have I have collected fewer stamps than he has So sỏnh gia bi (so sỏnh gp nhiu ln) L loi so sỏnh gp ri, gp ụi gp ba Cu trỳc ny khụng dựng cho so sỏnh hn, kộm m dựng cho so sỏnh bng much noun Subject + verb + bội + noun số + as + + as + pronou many n Bi s cú th bao gm: half, twice, three times, four times Thisdictionary costs twice as much as the other one At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year - Ta phi xỏc nh danh t s ớt hay s nhiu dựng much hay many Double comparisons: (So sỏnh kộp) 6.1 Cng ngy cng ; mi lỳc mt hn + Short adjective/ adverb: adj/ adv + er and adj/ adv + er + Long adj/ adv: more and more + adj/ adv Children spend more and more time watching TV She is getting fatter and fatter She becomes more and more beautiful/ He is more and more studious 6.2 Cng ngy cng it ; cng ngy cng kộm Vi tớnh t ngn hay tớnh t di, ta theo cụng thc di õy: Less and less + adj/ adv Eg: My father becomes less and less strong 6.3 Cng thỡ cng : + short adj/ adv: The adj/ adv + er S V, the adj/ adv + er S-V Ex: The richer he gets, the weaker he is The darker it gets, the colder it is The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel The more you study, the smarter you will become + Long adj/ adv: The more + adj/ adv S-V, the more + adj/ adv S-V Ex: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is - Vi ng t: the more., the more Ex: The more I hate him, the more he loves me The more she sings, the more I look at her Note: Nhiu v khụng cựng mt loi tớnh t ngn hay di m ln ln Ex: The more she smiles, the more graceful she is 6.4 Cng ớt thỡ cng ớt ; cng kộm, thỡ cng kộm Vi tớnh t ngn cng nh tớnh t di: The less + adj ., the less + adj Ex: The less difficult the lesson is, the less hard-working students are - Vi ng t: The less ., the less Ex: The less I live with him, the less I like him EXERCISES EXERCISE Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets: This chair is than that one (comfortable) Your flat is . than mine (large) The weather today is than it was yesterday (hot) The Nile is the river in the world (long) Chinese bicycles are than Japanese ones (bad) Mathematics is than English (difficult) Ho Chi Minh is the city in Viet Nam (big) He drives than his friend (careful) She sings in this school (beautiful) 10 I read than my sister (slow) 11 Grace is girl in our class (old) 12 This exercise is . than that one (easy) 13 He is twice . as you (fat) 14 Nam is . student of all (noisy) 15 My cold is . today than it was yesterday (good) EXERCISE Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: The more she smiles , she becomes A more graceful B the most graceful C most graceful D the more graceful Hotels have developed restaurants A as rapidly as B so rapidly as C as rapid as D more rapid Can Tho bridge is the one in the South of Viet Nam A long B shortest C longest D longer Albert Einsteins contributions to scientific theory were those of Galileo and Newton A important than B more important C the most important D as important as Impalas cannot move as cheetahs but they are more efficient runners A faster than B fast as C fast D are fast as Both are informative articles, but this one is A best B the best C most D better She is the girl in our town A more beautiful B beauty C most beautiful D more beautifully The harder you learn A The better is your English B The better will be your English C The better becomes your English D The better your English will be Jim is the in his class A clever B cleverest C cleverer D more clever 10 Of the two shirts, this one is A the prettiest B the most pretty C prettier D the prettier 11 Your house is mine A as bigger as B many times as big as C much big as D not many times big 12 Last year it wasnt as cold as this year A This year it is as colder than last year B This year it is colder than last year C This year it isnt as cold as last year D This year it isnt colder than last year 13 She is older than me A Im more younger than her B Im as younger as her C Im more young than her D Im younger than her 14 The test is not A as difficult as it was last month B so difficult as it was last month C more difficult as it was last month D Both A & B are correct 15 The Nile River is of all A longer B the longest C long D longest 16 we read, we know A The most/ the most B The more/ the more C Most/ most D More/ more 17 It gets Lets go swimming A hot and hot B the more hot C more and more hot D hotter and hotter 18 Peter usually drives Mary A more fast B more fast than C more fast D faster 19 The problem seems to be A more serious B more serious than C more serious as D more and more serious 20 Peter can not earn his wife A as many money as B as much money as C as many money than D as much money than 21 Prices get A high and high B highest and highest C more and more high D higher and higher 22 The more manufacturers advise, they sell A the most products B the products more C the more products D most products 23 a car is it is A The more expensive/ the comfortabler B The most expensive/ the most comfortable C The more expensive/ the more comfortable D The less expensive/ the more comfortable 24 Of the five students Mary is A more intelligent B the more intelligent C most intelligent D the most intelligent 25 Steel is than wood A more heavy B as heavy C heavier D more heavier 26 A super market is a shopping center A less convenient as B less convenient than C not so convenient than D the most convenient as 27 Viet Nam becomes to foreign tourists A more and most attractive B the more attractive C much and more attractive D more and more attractive 28 This car is than mine A less expensive B as expensive C expensive D not so expensive 29 Tims grades are than John A worse B worst C as bad D so bad 30 The we start, the sooner we will be back A early B earliest C earlier D more early EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences using Double Comparatives Its becoming to find a job (hard) The hole in your pullover is getting (big) My bags seemed to get as I carried them (heavy) As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous) As the day went on the weather got (bad) Travelling is becoming (expensive) As the conversation went on, he became (talkative) Since she has been in England, her English has got .(good) EXERCISE Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it My kitchen is smaller than yours Your kitchen No one in the class is taller than Dave Dave is Mum doesnt speak English as well as Dad Dad Lan is better cook than Hoa Hoa cant No restaurant in the city is better than that one That restaurant is This watch is worse than that one That watch My sister writes more carefully than she did My sister This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read This is the She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known Ive never 10 Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom Tom 11 This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted I have 12 I have never met any more dependable person than Gorge Gorge is 13 There isnt anybody as kind-hearted as your mother Your mother 14 There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John Mr John 15 Have you got any bigger than that one? It this 16 No one I know is taller than he is He is 17 Summer nights in Cairo are much warmer than in London In London 18 Fewer people die from flu than 50 years ago Not as 19 There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January More rain 20 There are fewer people in Taiwan than in Korea The population of Korea EXERCISE Identify the mistake in each sentence by choosing a suitable option Mr Mender learned English rapidly and easy A B C D The maid was careful to keep the room cleanly A B C D His knowledge of English grammar is quite well A B C D The last story was as interested as the other ones A B C D Mr Slaters house is biger than ours A B C D That brown chair is most comfortable than this one A B C D Lan is the most pretty of all the girls A B C D That lesson is a most difficult of all the lessons A B C D Does your country have worse weather as this? A B C D 10 This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has A B C D 11 Frank plays tennis worse of all the players A B C D 12 The most he tries, the more he succeeds A B C D 13 She can pronounce English words more correct than she could last term A B C D 14 In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than the teacher A B C D 15 This summer is hotter and winder than last summer A B C D 16 You should practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English A B C D 17 Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last time I met him A B C D 18 She is much more intelligent than Nam does A B C D 19 The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets A B C D 20 The harder we studied, the most confused we got A B C D ... last Comparions with nouns: (So sánh với danh từ) Danh từ dùng làm so sánh cấu trúc so sánh bằng, hưn + S1 + V + as many/ much + N as noun/ pronoun S1 + negative V as/ so few/ little + E.g He earns... he has So sánh gia bội (so sánh gấp nhiều lần) Là loại so sánh gấp rười, gấp đôi gấp ba Cấu trúc không dùng cho so sánh hơn, mà dùng cho so sánh much noun Subject + verb + béi + noun sè + as +... as/ so many friends as he does + S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than noun/ pronoun E.g He has collected more stamps than I have I have collected fewer stamps than he has So sánh gia bội (so sánh