MÔN QUẢN LÝ THẢM THỰC VẬT: artificial regeneration 1

Useful where: Inadequate or poorly distributed natural regeneration of desirables Short regeneration time Landowners want to introduce specific speciesgenotypes Uniformity of crop is important Greater control of speciesgeneticsspacing than natural regeneration Need appropriate site for germination Seed bed Adequate moisture and drainage Lowno erosion Low levels of seed predation Site prep?

Artificial Regeneration Artificial regeneration is accomplished by the planting of seedlings (the most common method) or by the direct planting of seeds Artificial Regeneration Useful where: Inadequate or poorly distributed natural regeneration of desirables Short regeneration time Landowners want to introduce specific species/genotypes Uniformity of crop is important Natural vs Artificial Regeneration Natural Artificial inexpensive expensive risky reduced risk low initial growth rapid initial growth variable stocking precise stocking little control of spacing precise control of spacing selection limited to phenotype can select for specific genotype consistent with extensive practices consistent with intensive practices Stocking: a measure of the area occupied by trees, usually measured in terms of well- spaced trees per hectare, or basal area per hectare, relative to an optimum or desired level Species selection Silvicultural characterstics Site condition Species selection How to select proper species List of woody species for production forestation According to Dicision No 16/2005/QĐ-BNN 15 - - 2005 Northwest : Lai Châu, Điện Biên, Sơn La, Hoà Bình 1)     Tếch ( Tectona grandis) 2)     Xoan ta ( Melia azedarach ) 3)     Lát hoa ( Chukrasia tabularia A.Juss ) 4)     Gạo ( Bombax malabarica DC ) 5)     Trám trắng ( Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch) 6)     Keo lai ( Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis ) 7)     Keo tai tượng ( Acacia mangium Wild ) 8)     Keo tràm ( Acacia auriculiformis ) 9)     Bạch đàn Urophylla ( Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake ) 10) Bạch đàn lai (các giống lai khác loài bạch đàn uro, camal, tere) 11) Dó trầm (Aquilarria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte ) 12) Luồng ( Dendrocalamus membranceus Munro ) 13) Trẩu ( Vernicia montana ) List of woody species for production forestation According to Dicision No 16/2005/QĐ-BNN 15 - - 2005 Center region: Lào Cai, Yên Bái, Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, Phú Thọ, Vĩnh Phúc 1)     Xoan ta ( Melia azedarach ) 2)     Sa mộc ( Cinnamomum casia (L.) J.Presl ) 3)     Mỡ (Mangletia conifera Dandy ) 4)     Keo tai tượng ( Acacia mangium Wild ) 5)     Keo tràm ( Acacia auriculiformis ) 6)     Trám trắng ( Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch ) 7)     Bồ đề ( Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hardw ) 8)     Bạch đàn urophylla ( Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake ) 9)     Bạch đàn (các giống lai khác loài bạch đàn uro, camal, tere ) 10) Keo lai ( Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis ) 11) Luồng ( Dendrocalamus membranceus Munro ) 12) Tre điềm trúc ( Dendracalamus ohlami Kengf) 13) Quế (Cinnamomum casia (L.) J.Presl ) List of tree species for production forestation According to Dicision No 16/2005/QĐ-BNN 15 - - 2005 Northeast: Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, Bắc Cạn, Thái Nguyên, Quảng Ninh, Bắc Giang 1)     Keo tràm ( Acacia auriculiformis ) 2)     Keo tai tượng ( Acacia mangium Wild ) 3)     Mỡ ( Mangletia conifera Dandy ) 4)     Sa mộc ( Cinnamomum casia (L.) J.Presl ) 5)     Tông dù ( Toona sinensis (A.Juss) M.Roem ) 6)     Trám trắng (Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch) 7)     Thông mã vĩ ( Pinus masoniana Lamb )   8)     Thông nhựa ( Pinus merkusii Jungh.et.de Vries ) 9)     Bạch đàn urophylla ( Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake ) 10) Bạch đàn lai ( giống lai khác loài bạch đàn uro, camal, tere ) 11) Keo lai (Acacia mangium x A auriculiformis ) 12) Trúc sào (Phyllostachys pubescens Majiel ex.H.de lehaie ) 13) Sồi phảng (dẻ bốp, cồng) (Lipthocarpus fissus Champ ex benth.) 14) Chè đắng (Ilex kaushue S.Y.Hu 15) Hồi (Illicium verum Hook.f.) Direct Seeding The manual or mechanical sowing of tree seed on an area, either in spots or broadcast (SAF 2008) 17 Direct Seeding  Greater control of species/genetics/spacing than natural regeneration  Need appropriate site for germination  Seed bed  Adequate moisture and drainage  Low/no erosion  Low levels of seed predation  Site prep? 18 Advantages Disadvantages Cheaper than seedlings Risk that environment will prevent germination Can control species, genetics, spacing etc Site prep of some sort usually required Increased flexibility, shorter lead-in time than seedlings Inefficient use of high-value seed (always some failure) Less labor Initially slower growing/development than seedlings Superior root systems Some irregularities in spacing/arrangement Greater flexibility for species which seed periodically 19 After two growing seasons in the field Transplanted seedling Direct-seed Seed collection 21 Seed collection Seed collection Seed collection Seed collection Seed storage • • • • • Most can be stored for up to 3-10years Low temperatures (