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Tương ứng với từng bài trong loạt bài Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chúng mình sẽ cung cấp cho các bạn phần bài tập để thực hành luôn phần Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh vừa học. Bài tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh này giúp bạn ôn tập và hiểu sâu hơn các phần lý thuyết đã được trình bày trong loạt bài Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh.
Ngữ pháp tập Thì tiếng Anh I- Thì tiếp diễn tiếng Anh A-Ngữ pháp A Xét tình sau: - Ann is in her car She is on her way to work Ann xe Cô đường làm - She is driving to work Cô lái xe làm Câu có nghĩa là: Cô lái xe, thời điểm nói hành động lái xe chưa chấm dứt am/is/are + V-ing Hiện tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) B I am doing something = Tôi làm việc Tôi thời điểm làm công việc Tôi khởi chưa hoàn tất công việc Thường hành động xảy thời điểm nói Ví dụ - Please don't make so much noise I'm working (không sử dụng 'I work') Xin đừng làm ồn Tôi làm việc - "Where's Tom?" "He's having a bath" (không sử dụng 'he has a bath') Tom đâu vật Anh ta tắm - Let's go out now It isn't raining any more (không sử dụng 'It doesn't rain') Bây Trời không mưa - (at a party) Hello, Jane Are you enjoying the party? (không sử dụng 'do you enjoy') (tại bữa tiệc) Xin chào, Jane Bạn có thích buổi tiệc không? - I'm tired I'm going to bed now Goodnight! Tôi mệt Tôi ngủ Chúc ngủ ngon! Nhưng hành động không thiết phải xảy thời điểm nói Ví dụ: - Tom and Ann are talking in a café Tom says: Tom Ann nói chuyện quán cà phê Tom nói: - I'm reading an interesting book at the moment I'll lend it to you when I've finished it Lúc đọc sách hay Mình cho bạn mượn đọc xong Tom không đọc sách vào lúc nói chuyện với Ann Anh muốn nói anh bắt đầu đọc sách chưa đọc xong Anh thời gian đọc Bạn theo dõi thêm số ví dụ: - Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian Catherine muốn làm việc Ý, cô học tiếng Ý > vào thời điểm nói cô học tiếng Ý - Some friends of mine are building their own house They hope it will finished before next summer Một vài người bạn xây nhà riêng Họ hi vọng kết thúc trước mùa hè tới > vào thời điểm nói vài người bạn xây nhà Chúng ta dùng Hiện tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) nói việc xảy khoảng thời gian gần với lúc nói, ví dụ today (hôm nay), this week (tuần này), this evening (tối nay), Ví dụ - "You're working hard today." "Yes, I have a lot to do" (không sử dụng 'you work hard today') "Hôm bạn làm việc thật chăm chỉ" "Ừ, có nhiều việc để làm" - "Is Susan working this week?" "No, she's on holiday" "Tuần Susan có làm việc không vậy?" "Không, cô nghỉ" Chúng ta dùng Hiện tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) nói thay đổi diễn thời gian nói Ví dụ: - The population of the world is rising very fast (không sử dụng 'rise') Dân số Thế giới gia tăng nhanh - Is your English getting better? Tiếng Anh bạn có lên chút không? B-Bài Tập Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the following verbs in the correct form: get having look lose make start stay try work 'You're working hard today' 'Yes,I have a lot to do.' I for Christine Do you know where she is? It dark Shall I turn on the light? They don't have anywhere to live at the moment They with friends until they find somewhere Things are not so good at work The company moneys Have you got an umbrella? It to rain You a lot of noise Can you be quieter? I to concentrate Why are all these people here? What .? Hiển thị đáp án 'm looking 's getting are playing is losing is starting are making… am trying is happening Bài 2: Put the verb into the correct form Sometimes you need the negative (I'm not doing ) Please don't make so much noise I'm trying (try) to work Let's go out now It isn't raining (rain) any more You can turn off the radio I (listen) to it Kate phoned me last night She's on holiday in France She (have) a great time and doesn't want to come back I want to lose weight, so this week I (eat) lunch Andrew has just started evening classes He (learn)German Paul and Sally have had an argument They (speak) to each other I (get) tired I need a rest Tim (work) this week He's on holiday Hiển thị đáp án 'm not listening 's having 'm not eating is learning aren't speaking 'm getting isn't working Bài 3: Complete the conversations: A: I saw Brian a few days ago B: Oh, did you? What's he doing these days? (what/he/do) A: He's at university B: ? (what/he/study) A: Psychology B: it?(he/enjoy) A: Yes, he says it's a very good course A: Hi, Liz How in your new job? (you/get on) B: Not bad It wasn't so good at first, but better now.(things/get) A: What about Jonathan? Is he OK? B: Yes, but his work at the moment (he/not/enjoy) He's been in the same job for a long time and to get bored with it (he/begin) Hiển thị đáp án What's he studying Is he enjoying are you getting on things are getting he isn't enjoying he is beginning Bài 4: Comlete the sentences using the following verbs: begin change get increase rise The population of the world is increasing very fast The world Things never stay the same The situation is already bad and it worse The cost of living Every year things are more expensive The weather to improve The rain has stopped, and the wind isn't as strong Hiển thị đáp án is changing is getting is rising is beginning II-Thì đơn tiếng Anh A-Ngữ pháp A Bạn xét tình sau: Alex is bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep So: He is not driving a bus (He is asleep) but He drives a bus (He is a bus driver.) ALex tài xế xe buýt, anh ngủ Vì vậy: Anh lái xe (Anh ngủ) Anh lái xe buýt (Anh tài xế xe buýt.) Drive(s)/Work(s)/Do(es), Hiện đơn (Present Simple) Chúng ta dùng Hiện đơn (Present Simple) để nói cách chung chung vật hay việc Ta không riêng đề cập đến mà Chúng ta dùng để nói việc, hành động xảy thường xuyên hay lặp lặp lại, việc hiển nhiên nói chung Sự việc nói có diễn vào lúc hay không không quan trọng Ví dụ - Nurses look after patients in hospitals Các y tá chăm sóc bệnh nhân bệnh viện - I usually go away at weekends Tôi thường chơi vào buổi cuối tuần - The earth goes round the sun Trái đất quay xung quanh Mặt trời Hãy nhớ ta nói: he/she/it + V-s (Động từ chia theo ngôi) Hãy nhớ thêm s vào sau động từ thứ ba số Ví dụ: I work He works They teach My sister teaches B Trong Hiện đơn (Present Simple), sử dụng do/does để đặt câu hỏi nghi vấn phủ định: I/we/you/they work? does he/she/it work? I/we/they don't work he/she/it doesn't work Ví dụ: - I come from Canada Where you come from? Mình đến từ Canada Bạn đến từ đâu? - "Would you like a cigarette?" "Bạn có muốn điếu thuốc không?" - "No, thanks I don't smoke" "Không, cảm ơn Tôi không hút thuốc." - What does this word mean? Từ có nghĩa vậy? - Rice doesn't grow in cold climates Lúa không mọc vùng khí hậu lạnh Trong ví dụ sau, đóng vai trò động từ câu: - "What you do?" (= What's your job?) "I work in a shop" "Bạn làm công việc vậy? "Mình làm việc cửa hàng." - He's so lazy He doesn't anything to help me (không sử dụng 'He doesn't anything.') Cậu ta lười Cậu ta chẳng làm để giúp C Chúng ta sử dụng Hiện đơn (Present Simple) muốn diễn đạt mức độ thường xuyên việc xảy Ví dụ: - I get up at o'clock every morning Mình thường dậy vào buổi sáng - Ann doesn't drink tea very often Ann không thường xuyên uống trà - In summer John usually plays tennis once or twice a week John thường chơi tennis hai lần tuần vào mùa hè D Cấu trúc I promise/I apologise, Khi bạn hứa làm việc đó, bạn nói I promise ; bạn đề nghị điều gì, bạn nói I suggest Chúng ta sử dụng Hiện đơn (Present Simple) câu Ví dụ: - I promise I won't be late (không sử dụng 'I'm promising') Em xin hứa em không tới muộn - "What you suggest I do?" "I suggest that you " "Bạn đề nghị làm gì?" "Mình cho bạn " Tương tự nói: I apologise (xin lỗi)/ I insist (năn nỉ) / I agree (đồng ý) / I refuse (từ chối) B-Bài tập Complete the sentences using the following verbs: cause(s) connect(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) speak(s) take(s) Tanya speaks German very well I don't often coffee The swimming pool at 7:30 every morning Bad driving many acidents My parents In a very small flat The Olympic Games place every four years The Panama Canal the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Hiển thị đáp án drink opens causes live take concerts Bài 2: Put the verb into the correct form Jolie doesn't drink (not/drink) tea very often What time (the banks/ close) hear? I've got a computer ,but I (not/use) it much Where (Martin/come) from? "He's Scottish" 'What (you/do)?' "I'm an electrician" It (take) me an hour to get to work How long (it/take) you? Look at this sentences What (this word/mean)? David isn't very fit He (not/do) any sport Hiển thị đáp án the banks close don't use does Martin come you takes…does it take does this word mean doesn't Bài 3: Use the following verbs to complete the sentences Sometimes you need the negative: believe eat flow go grow make rise tell translate The earth goes round the sun Rice doesn't grow in Britain The sun in the east Bees honey Vegetariants meat An atheist in God An interpreter from one language into another Liars are people who the truth The River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean Hiển thị đáp án B-Bài tập Bài 1: Read what Laure says about a typical working day Laure: I usually get up at o'clock and have a big breakfast I walk to work, which takes me about an hour I start work at 8:45 I never have lunch I finish work at o'clock I'm always tired when I get home I usually cook a meal in the evening I don't usually go out, I go to bed at about 11 o'clock and I always sleep well Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura Write what she did or didn't yesterday She got up at o'clock She a big breakfast She It to get to work at 8:45 lunch at o' clock tired when home a meal yesterday evening 10 out yesrerday evening 11 at 11 o' clock 12 well last night Hiển thị đáp án had she walked to work It tooks her half an hour She starts work she didn't have any lunch she finished work she was tired when she got home she cooked 10 she didn't go 11 she went to bed 12 she slept Bài 2: Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form: buy catch cost fall hurt sell spend teach throw write Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music 'How did you learn to drive?' My father me We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we it Dave down the stairs this morning and his leg Jim the ball Sue, who it Ann a lot of money yesterday She a dress which £100 Hiển thị đáp án taught sold fell hurt threw caught spent bought cost Bài 3: You ask James about his holiday Write your questions Hi How are things? Fine,thanks I've just had a great holiday Where did you go? To the U.S We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver How ?By car ? Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco It'a long way to drive How long ? Two weeks Where ? In hotel? Yes,small hotels or motels ? Yes,but it was very hot – sometimes too hot the Grand Canyon? Of course It was wonderful Hiển thị đáp án did you travel did it take did you stay Was the weather good Did you see Bài 4: Complete the sentences Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative It was warm, so I took off my coat (take) The film wasn't very goor I didn't enjoy it very much (enjoy) I knew Sarah was very busy, so I her (disturb) I was very tired, so I the party early (leave) The bed was very uncomfortable I very well (sleep) The window was open and a bird into the room (fly) The hotel wasn't very expensive It very much (cost) I was in a hurry, so I time to phone you (have) It was hard carrying the bags They very heavy (be) Hiển thị đáp án didn't disturb left didn't sleep flew didn't cost didn't have were IV- khứ tiếp diễn A-Ngữ pháp Bạn theo dõi ví dụ sau: - Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11.30 So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis Hôm qua Karen Jim chơi quần vợt Họ bắt đầu chơi lúc 10 h kết thúc lúc 11h30 Vậy vào lúc 10h30 họ chơi quần vợt They were playing = "Lúc họ chơi họ chưa kết thúc chơi." was/were + V-ing Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) I/he/she/it + was + doing/playing we/you/the + were + working B Cách sử dụng khứ tiếp diễn Chúng ta dùng Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) để diễn tả người thực công việc dở dang thời điểm đề cập Hành động hay việc xảy trước thời điểm chưa kết thúc Ví dụ: - This time last year I was living in Brazil Vào thời điểm năm ngoái sống Brazil - What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? Lúc 10h tối qua bạn làm vậy? - I waved to her but she wasn't looking Tôi vẫy cô cô ta không nhìn thấy So sánh khứ tiếp diễn vs Quá khứ đơn • Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous): Đang hành động • • - I was walking home when I meet Dave • Tôi nhà gặp Dave • (Hành động "gặp" xảy hành động "đang bộ") • • - Ann was watching television when the phone rang • Ann xem TV chuông điện thoại kêu (Hành động "chuông kêu" xảy hành động "đang xem TV") • Quá khứ đơn (Past Simple): Đã hoàn tất hành động • • - I walked home after the party last night • Tôi nhà sau buổi tiệc tối qua • (Hành động "về nhà" hoàn tất) • • - Ann watched television a lot when she was ill last year Ann xem TV nhiều cô bệnh năm ngoái D Sử dụng kết hợp Quá khứ tiếp diễn khứ đơn Chúng ta thường sử dụng kết hợp hai khứ tiếp diễn khứ đơn với để diễn tả việc xảy vào lúc xảy việc khác Ví dụ: - Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner Tom bị bỏng tay nấu bữa tối - I saw you in the park yesterday You were sitting on the grass and reading a book Tôi nhìn thấy bạn công viên hôm qua Bạn ngồi cỏ đọc sách - While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back Trong làm vườn, bị đau lưng Nhưng dùng khứ đơn việc xảy sau việc khác Ví dụ: - I was walking along the road when I saw Dave So I stopped and we had a chat Tôi đường nhìn thấy Dave Vì dừng lại nói chuyện với Bạn so sánh hai câu sau để thấy rõ khác biệt nghĩa: - When Karen arrived, we were having dinner Khi Karen tới, ăn tối (Tức bắt đầu ăn tối trước Karen tới.) - When Karen arrived, we had dinner Khi Karen tới, ăn tối (Tức Karen tới trước sau ăn tối.) Một số động từ không dùng tiếp diễn Có số động từ (ví dụ know/want/believe) không dùng tiếp diễn Ví dụ - We were good friends We knew each other well (không dùng 'we were knowing') Chúng người bạn tốt Chúng hiểu rõ - I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home (không dùng 'was wanting') Tôi thích bữa tiệc Chris muốn nhà Bài 1: What were you doing at these time? Write sentences as in the example The past continuous is not always necessary (see the second example) (at o'clock yesterday evening) I was having dinner (at o'clock last Monday) I was on a bus on my way home (at 10.15 yesterday morning) (at 4:30 this morning) (at 7:45 yesterday evening) (half an hour ago) Hiển thị đáp án Example answers: I was working I was in bed asleep I was getting ready to go out I was watching TV at home Bài 2: Use your own ideas to complete the sentences.Use the past continuous Matt phoned while we were having dinner The doorbell rang while I We saw an accident while we Ann fell asleep whiel she The television was on, but nobody Hiển thị đáp án Example answers: was having a shower were waiting the bus was reading the paper was watching it Bài 3: Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday, but she (not/see) me She (look) the other way I (meet) Tom and Jane at the airport a few weeks ago They (go) to Paris and I (go) to Rome We (have) a chat while we (wait) for our flights I (cycle) home yesterday when a man (step) out into the road in front of me I (go) quite fast, but luckily I (manage) to stop in time and (not/hit) him Hiển thị đáp án didn't see was looking met were going was going had were waiting was cycling stepped was going managed didn't hit Bài 4: Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive) 'What (you/do) at this time yesterday?' I was asleep ' (you/go) our last night? 'No,I was too tired'? How fast (you/drive) when the accident (happen)? Sam (take) a photograph of me while I (not/look) We were in a very difficult position We (not/know) what to I haven't seen Alan for ages When I last (see) him, he (try) to find a job I (walk) along the street when suddenly I (hear) footsteps behind me Somebody (follow) me I was scared and I (start) to run When I was young, I (want) to be a pilot 10 Last night I (drop) a plate when I (do) the washing up Fortunatel it (not/break) Hiển thị đáp án were you doing did you go were you driving happened took wasn't looking din't know saw was trying was walking heard was following started wanted 10 dropped was doing didn't break V-Thì Hiện hoàn thành tiếng Anh A-Ngữ pháp Bạn xét ví dụ sau: - Tom is looking for his key He can't find it Tom tìm chìa khóa Anh tìm thấy - He has lost his key Anh ta làm chìa khóa He has lost his key = Anh làm chìa khóa đến vấn chưa tìm hava/has lost Hiện hoàn thành đơn giản (Present Perfect Simple) Thì Hiện hoàn thành = have/has + khứ phân từ (Past Participle) thường tận -ed (ví dụ: finished/dicided/ ) - gọi động từ có qui tắc - nhiều động từ lost/done/been/written/ ) quan trọng lại bất qui tắc (ví dụ: B Cách sử dụng hoàn thành Khi dùng Hiện hoàn thành luôn có liên hệ tới Hành động xảy khứ kết lại Ví dụ: - "Where's your key?" "I don't know I've lost it." (I haven't got it now) "Chìa khóa bạn đâu?" "Tôi Tôi đánh rồi" (Bây nó) - He told me his name but I've forgotten it (I can't remember it now) Anh ta nói cho tên quên (Bây nhớ tên anh ta) - "Is Sally here?" "No, she's gone out." (she is out now) "Có Sally không?" "Không, cô rồi." (Bây cô ngoài.) Chúng ta dùng Hiện hoàn thành để đưa thông tin hay công bố việc vừa xảy Ví dụ: - Ow! I've cut my finger Ôi! Tôi cắt vào tay - The road is closed There's been (= has been) an accident Con đường bị tắc Đã có tai nạn - (from the news) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery (Tin tức) Cảnh sát bắt hai người đàn ông liên quan tới vụ cướp C Thì Hiện hoàn thành với just, already, yet Bạn dùng Hiện hoàn thành với just, already yet just có nghĩa "vừa xảy trước đó" Ví dụ - "Would you like something to eat?" "No, thanks I've just had lunch." "Bạn có muốn ăn chút không?" "Không, cảm ơn Mình dùng bữa trưa rồi." - Hello Have you just arrived? Xin chào Bạn vừa đến phải không? Chúng ta sử dụng already để nói việc xảy sớm dự đoán Ví dụ: - "Don't forget to post the letter, will you?" "I've already posted it." "Đừng quên gửi thư nhé, bạn gửi chứ?" "Tôi vừa gửi rồi." - "What time is Mark leaving?" "He's already gone." "Mark rời vào lúc thế?" "Anh ta rời rồi." D Sự khác gone to been to Bạn theo dõi hai ví dụ sau để thấy khác gone to been to: - Jim is on holiday He has gone to Spain (= he is there now or on his way there) Jim nghỉ Anh đa Tây Ba Nha (Hiện anh đường tới đó) - Jane is back home from holiday now She has been to Italy (= she has now comeback from Italy) Jane nghỉ Cô Ý (Cô từ Ý) B- Bài tập Bài 1: Read the situations and write sentences Use the following verbs: arrive break fall go up grow improve lose Tom is looking for his key He can't find it He was lost his key Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster She Last week the bus fare was 80 pence Now it is 90 The bus fare Maria's English wasn't very good Now it is better Her English Dan didn't have a bread before Now he has a bread He This morning I was expecting a letter Now I have it The letter The temperature was 20 degrees Now it is only 12 The Hiển thị đáp án she's broken her leg The bus fare has gone up Her English has improved He's grown a beard The letter has arrived The temperature has fallen Bài 2: Complete B's sentences.Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet A: Would you like something to eat? B: No thank I've just had lunch (I/just/have/lunch) A: Do you know where Julia is? B: Yes, (I/just/see/her) A: What time is David leaving? B: (the/already/leave) A: What's in the newspaper today? B: I don't know (I/not/read/it yet) A: Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? B: No, (she/already/see/the film) A: Are your friends here yet? B: Yes, (they/just/arrive) A: What does Tim think about your plan? B: (we/not/tell/him yet) Hiển thị đáp án Yes, I've just seen her He's already left I haven't read it yet No, she's already seen the film Yes, they've just arrived We haven't told him yet Bài 3: Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet After lunch you go to see a friend at her home She says "Would you like something to eat" You say: No thank you I've just had lunch (have lunch) Joe goes out Five mintues later, the phone rings and the caller says 'Can I speak to Joe" You say: I'm afraid (go out) You are eating in a restaurant The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away You say: Wait a minute! (not/finish) You are going to a restaurant tonight You phone to seserve a table Later your friend says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table' You say: No, (do/it) You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live Perhaps she has been successful Ask her You say: ? (find) You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday A friend asks: "Where are you going fot your holiday?" You say: (not/decide) Linda went to the bank, but a few mintues ago she returned.Somebody asks, "Is Linda still at the bank? ' You say: No, (come back) Hiển thị đáp án he's just gone out I haven't finished yet I've already done it Have you found a place to live yet? I haven't dicided yet she's just come back Bài 4: Put in been or gone Jim is on holiday He's gone to Italy Hello! I've just to the shops I've bought lots of things Alice isn't here at the moment She's to the shop to get a newspaper Tom has out.He'll be back in about an hour 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No,I've already to the bank?' Hiển thị đáp án been gone gone been ... fast (không sử dụng 'rise') Dân số Thế giới gia tăng nhanh - Is your English getting better? Tiếng Anh bạn có lên chút không? B -Bài Tập Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the following verbs... xe buýt, anh ngủ Vì vậy: Anh lái xe (Anh ngủ) Anh lái xe buýt (Anh tài xế xe buýt.) Drive(s)/Work(s)/Do(es), Hiện đơn (Present Simple) Chúng ta dùng Hiện đơn (Present Simple) để nói cách chung... didn't break V -Thì Hiện hoàn thành tiếng Anh A-Ngữ pháp Bạn xét ví dụ sau: - Tom is looking for his key He can't find it Tom tìm chìa khóa Anh tìm thấy - He has lost his key Anh ta làm chìa