Hướng dẫn ôn luyện thi THPT quốc gia môn ngữ văn

807 H561D JANG HUNG (Chu bien) - PHAM THI THU HIEN - TRjNH THI LAN fc HUONG DflN ON LUV6N THITOUNGHOC PHO IHONG QUOC Gil) LE QUANG HUNG (Chu bi§n) PHAM THI THU HIEN -TRINH THI LAN HUONG DAN ON LUYEN THI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MONNGOVAN :— NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM U N I V E R S I T Y OF E D U C A T I O N P U B L I S H I N G H O U S E H U O N G D A N O N LUYEN T H I TRUNG HOC P H T H O N G Q U C G I A M O N N G Q V A N Le Quang Hang (Chu bien) - Pham Thi Thu HIen - Trjnh Thj Lan Sach duoc xuat bSn phuc vu viec o n luyen t h i t r u n g hoc t h o n g quoc gia tCf nann 2015 Ma sach t i e u c h u ^ n quoc te: ISBN - - - 2 - ; BSn q u y e n xuat ban t h u g c ve Nha xuat ban Bai hoc Su p h a m Mpl h l n h t h i l c chep t o a n bo hay m o t phan hoac cac h i n h thijfc phat h i n h ma l^hong CO sU cho phep trudc bang van bSn cCia Nha xuat bin Bai hoc SU pham deu la vi p h a m p h a p luat - , - Chung tdi ludn mong muon nhdn dugc nhCtng y kien ddng gop cua quy vi ddc gia de sdch ngdy cdng hodn thiin han Moi gdp y vi sdch, liin hi vi bdn thdo vd dich vu bdn quyen xin vui Idng gCri vi dia chlemail: kehoach@nxbdhip.edu.vn Ma so: 01.02.176/900 - TK 2015 MUC LUC Trang SI Ldl GIOITHIEU LCn NOIDAU PhSn mot DINH HlTOfNG CHUNG KI THI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MONNGtyVAN Phan hai NOI DUNG ON LUYEN A DOC HIEU VAN BAN I Mot so van de chung Quan niem ve nang lire doc hieu Chuan doc hieu Van ban doc hieu II Hu-cmg dan hoc sinh on luyen doc hieu Cach doc hiSu cic loai van ban He thong c^u hoi on luyen doc hieu Huong dan tra 16i cau hoi doc hieu B LAM VAN 8 10 13 13 13 22 48 70 I Nghi luan xa hoi Nghi luan ve mot tu tvrong, dao li Nghi luan ve mot hien tuong doi song Nghi luan tong hop 70 70 79 87 II Nghi luan van hoc Yeu ciu chung Yeu c4u, ki nang ca ban voi timg dang nghi luan van hoc Van dung phuo^ig phdp so sdnh bhi nghi luan van hoc KiSn thuc ca ban cua c^c van ban van hoc Mot s6 dS bhi nghi luan van hoc goi y l^m bki 95 96 98 128 133 170 Phan ba M O T SO D E T H I T H A M K H A O 180 • D ET H I M O N N G C V A N - G I A O D U GT R U N G H O CP H O T H O N G (Ki thi tot nghiep trung hoc ph6 thong nam ) 180 195 • D ETHI T H A M K H A O S O 191 • D ET H I T H A M K H A O S O 187 • D E T H I T U Y E N S I N H D A I H O C K H O I C - M O N N G U ' V A N - N A M 2014 184 • D E T H I T U Y E N S I N H D A I HOC K H O I D - M O N N G L T V A N - N A M , ^]fu\-'JNu:n:aVJQ A 1? '.i/i ill ' - • iCt' - Ldl GI6I THIEU ' Thirc hien Quyet dinh s6 3538/QD-BGDDT 09/9/2014 cua Bp truang Bp Giao due va Dao tao phe duyet phuong an thi tot nghiep trung hpc thong va tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang tir nam 2015 (gpi la ki thi trung hpc thong quoc gia), huong toi vice thuc hien doi moi chuong trinh va sach giao khoa, Nha xuat ban Dai hpc Su pham to chCtc bien soan va phat hanh bp sach Huong dan on luyen thi trung hpc thong quoc gia gom cuon, tuong ung voi mon: Toan, NgQ van, Tieng Anh, Vat li, Hoa hpc, Sinh hpc, * si Lich sii va Dia li Bp sach cac tdc gia la giang vien uy tin cua Tnrong Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi, gi^o vien gioi a tnrong trung hpc thong va mot s6 can bp ciia cac ca quan chuyen mon la nhiing nguoi c6 nhieu kinh nghiem tham gia cong tac tuyen sinh cua Bp Giao due v^ Dao tao bien soan, bam sat Chuong tiinh giao due trung hpc thong Cau true moi cuon sich gom ba ph§n chinh: Phan mot: Dinh hirong chung ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia (theo tung mon) Phan hai: Cac chu de/noi dung on luyen CAc ehii de/npi dung on luyen dugc bien soan bam sat quy dinh ciia Bp Giao due va Dao tao ve eau true de thi dugc doi mod theo huong danh gia nang lire, c6 phan tom tat li thuyet, yeu cau ve bai tap/cau hoi van dung, cac bai tap/cau hoi mlu va huong dan on luyen - Phan ba: Mot so de thi tham khao CAc de thi CO d^p in hoac huong dan tra loi Hpc sinh dupe nang cao kl nang ren luyen thuc hien trpn ven mot de thi thai gian quy dinh, mot mat luyen kha nang giai b ^ tap, giai quyet van de; mat khac giup he th6ng hoa cac kien thuc va ki nang ckn thi8t cho ki thi trung hpc thong quoc gia Cung voi bp sach tren, Nha xuat ban Dai hpc Su pham tiep tuc gioi thieu v^ phat hanh bp sach Boi dirong, on luyen thi trung hoc thong quoc gia theo bo de gom mon (Toan, Ngii van, Tieng Anh, Vat li, Ho^ hpc) phuc vu hpc sinh on luyen thi trung hpc thong qu6c gia ;iipt cdch hieu qua Dpi ngu giao vien thong c6 th§ su dung sach de huong dan hpc sinh on luyen kien thiic, ki nang theo huong tiep can nang lire mot each c6 he th6ng de dat hieu qua cao nhat ki thi trung hpc ph6 thong quoc gia, hit d§u thuc hien tu nam 2015 Xin trdntrgng giai thieu! NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC SU" PHAM LCJI NOI D A U Cdc thay cd gido vci cdc em hoc sinh than men! AT"! Bat dau tu nam hoc 2014 - , Bo Giao due va D^o tao to chiic mot ki thi chung thay cho ki thi tot nghiep trung hoc thong va tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang nhu tnrdc day, goi la ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia Nham dap ling nhu cSu cua hoc sinh vl tai lieu on tap, eiing e6 ki nang cho ki thi sSp tcri, chiing toi bien soan cuon sach Huong dan on luyen thi trung hoc thong quoc gia mon Ngu van Noi dung cuon sach gom ba phan: Phan mot: Dinh huong chung ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia mon Ngu van Phan nham cung cap nhung thong tin ehinh ve dinh huong ciia ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia noi chung va de thi mon Ngu van noi rieng Phan hai: Noi dung on luyen • Day la phan tam ciia cuon sach, noi dung b^m sat vao dinh huong de thi mon Ngu van ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia de huong dan hoc sinh on luyen Phan khong chi cung cap nhung kien thuc, ki nang ca ban ve doc hieu va lam van theo mot he thong cu the, ro rang ma dua nhung vi du, de bM kem theo ggi y tuong ung vai tung dang de de hoc sinh tham khao, van dung va kiem tra, danh gid qua trinh on luyen Phan ba: Mot so de thi tham khao Phan tap hop nhung de thi tot nghiep, tuyen sinh dai hoc mon Ngu van nam 2014 va mot so de tham khao ciia ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia nam 2015 Nhimg god y, huong dan tra Idi cau hoi cdc de thi se giup hoc sinh nang cao dugc nang lire hoc tap d§ chuan bi t6t ki nang l^m bM thi • t ^- its nfeO : Chiing toi hi vong cuon sdch khong chi giiip cdc em hoc sinh hokn thien ki nang lam bai ma la tai lieu tham khao huu ich cho cac thay eo giao qua trinh huong dan hoc sinh on tap, cung c6 kien thuc, chuan bi cho ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia dat ket qua cao Chiing toi rat mong nhan dugc y kien dong gop cua cac thay c6 giao, cac em hoe sinh va doc gia gan xa de chat lugng cuon sach ngdy cang hoan thien hon nhung Ian tai ban Cdc gop y cho cu6n sach xin gui ve dia chi: Phong Bien tap, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Su pham, Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi S6 136, Duong Xuan Thuy, Quan Cau Giay, Thanh ph6 Ha Noi Cac tac gia Phan mot D!NH HUdNG CHUNG ' Kl THI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MON NGQVAN Tu nam 2015, Bo Giao due va Dao tao to chiic mot ki thi quoc gia (goi la ki thi trung hoc thong quoc gia) lay ket qua de xet cong nhan tot nghiep trung hoc thong lam can cu tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang Quyet dinh s6 3538/QD-BGDDT 09/9/2014 ciia Bp tnrdng Bp Giao due va Dho tao v^ phe duyet phuang An thi tot nghiep trung hpc thong vk tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang tir nam 2015 da chi ro: - De dupe xet cong nhan tot nghiep trung hpc thong v^ xet tuyen sinh v^o cic truong dai hpc, cao dang, thi sinh phai thi mon (gpi 1^ mon thi toi thieu) gom mon bat bupc 1^ Toin, Ngir van, Ngoai ngu mon tu ehpn so cac mon: Vat li Hod hpc, Sinh hpc, Lich sii vh Dia If NgoM mon thi toi thieu, thi sinh eo the dang ki thi them cic mon khdc s6 cdc mon tu chpn de c6 them ca hpi xet tuyen v^o dai hpc, cao dang - Thi sinh da t6t nghiep trung hpc thong cdc nam tniac chi dang ki cac mon thi phuc vu cho tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang Mon Ngu van thi theo hinh thuc tu luan, thoi gian thi 1^ 180 phut De thi ddnh gid thi sinh a miic dp: nhan biet, thong hieu, van dung v^ van dung cao, dam bao phan hod trinh dp thi sinh De thi mon Ngir van ki thi trung hpc thong quoc gia se c6 dinh dang tuong tir de thi t6t nghiep trung hpc thong v^ tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang nam 2014 nhung se tang cac cau hoi d muc dp van dvmg, cdc cau hoi mo theo dinh huong danh gid nang luc ciia thi sinh Npi dung de thi nkm chuong tiinh trung hpc thong hien hanh, chu yeu la chuomg trinh lop 12 Phan hai Npl DUNG ON LUYEN r ur' A DOC HIEU VAN BAN I MOT SO VAN DE CHUNG Quan niem ve nang lye doc hieu Nang lire doe hieu dugc hku het eae quoe gia tren the giai hien coi 1^ nang lire ehung cot loi can trang bi cho hoc sinh thong Do cung 1^ mot nhung nang lire can CO cua mot ngudi cong dan de ton tai va phat trien xa hoi Vi th6, doc hiSu da tro mot noi dung tam cua chuong trinh mon Ngon ngu va Van hoe a trudng thong cua hku het cAc qu6c gia tren the gidi tu tM ki XX den Cung vdi sir tiSn bo ciia khoa hoc giao due noi ehung va khoa hoe ve day hoc mon hoc n^y noi rieng, noi dung doc hieu da dugc doi mdi, phat trien theo thdi gian Khi chucmg tnnh giao due thong dugc bien soan theo hudng tap trung vao noi dung, doc hieu dugc coi la mot ki nang then chot noi dung chucmg trinh mon hoc tieng vdi tu each la mon hoc ngon ngu me de hoac vdi tu each la mon hoc ngoai ngu Gan day, tu nhung thap nien 80 v^ 90 cua the ki XX, vdi xu hudng bien soan chuong trinh giao due dira tren nang lire dSu ra, doc hieu dugc coi la mot nang lire ehung cot loi thuge nang lire sir dung ngon ngii chuong trinh giao due thong cua nhieu nude tren the gidi Trong khoang g§n hai chue nam trd lai day, doe hieu da trd mot noi dung ciia nhieu chuong trinh danh gia kk qua giao due mang tinh toan e§u nhu TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA Da CO nhieu quan niem khae ve nang lire doe hieu Tren the gidi, theo PISA', "nang lire doe hieu dugc hilu 1^ kha nang bilt doc, c6 trinh dp doc hieu", "la sir hieu Met, su dung v^ phdn hoi lai trudc mot b^i doc viet, nham dat dugc muc dieh, ph^t trien tri thuc vk tiem nang ciing nhu viec tham gia hoat dpng ciia mot xa hoi"' Theo do, dinh nghia ve dge va doe hieu eo sir thay d6i theo thdi gian va dieu kien kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi Day la quan niem ma horn 70 nude tham gia PISA - c6 Viet Nam - dong tinh va lam theo yeu cau cua Chucmg trinh danh gia hge sinh quoe te Mae du quan niem cua PISA ve dgc hiSu khong dua vao cac yeu cau cua chuong trinh mon Ngii van nha trudng thong cua mot nude eu the nao m^ xuat phat tir yeu cau ciia xa hpi doi vdi he thong giao due, nhirng ki nang eSn thiet cho cupe song tuong lai ciia hpc sinh nhung nhirng yeu c2u cua PISA c6 hen quan mat thiet vdi viec day hoc Ngu van nha trudng thong ciia nhieu nude tren the gidi ' Chuong trinh danh gid hoc sinh quoe ti T6 chuc Hop tac Phat triSn Kinh tg (OECD) de xuat nam 1997 Tinh den nam da c6 han 70 quoe gia tham gia PISA - Bp Giao due vk Dko tao, s6 toy PISA, 2011 Dieu dugc the Men a ch6 ckng c6 nhieu nuac tham gia PISA c6 Viet Nam Tir ket qua danh gia ciia PISA ve trinh doc hieu ciia hoc sinh nuac minh, Viet Nam cung nhu cac nuac deu c6 sir dieu chinh nhat djnh de viec day hoc doc hieu nha tnrang thong phii hop vai thirc tiln va bat kip xu the quoc te Theo GS.TS Nguyin Thanh Hiing: "Doc - hieu la khai niem bao trum c6 noi dung quan trong qua trinh day hoc van"; "Doc - hieu la mot khai niem khoa hoc chi miic cao nhdt cua hoat dong doc; doc - hieu dong thai cung chi nang lire van cua nguai doc"' "Doc hieu la pham tru khoa hoc nghien cuu va giang day van hoe Ban than no la khai niem c6 quan he vai nang lire doc, hoat dong doc, k i nang doe de nam vung y nghia cua van ban nghe thuat ngon tir Doc chinh xae thi hieu diing Doc k i , doc phan tich thi hieu sau Doe trai nghiem tham mi thi hieu dugc ve dep nhan tinh Doc sau, dgc sang tao thi hieu dugc cai mod"" Tac gia da di vao l i giai ngi ham cua "hieu": "Hieu la phat hien va nam vung moi lien he cua cac sir vat, hien tugng, doi tugng nao va y nghla ciia cac moi quan he Hieu la bao quat het ngi dung v^ c6 the van dung \ko doi song Hieu tue la phai tra loi dugc cac cau hoi: gi?, Nhu the nao?, V i sao? Lam nhu the nao? Do la biet va lam dgc hieu Hieu la qua tiinh nhan thue van ban toan ven"^ Tir do, tac gia neu len nhung ngi dung can "hieu" tac pham van hge vai cac tieu chi cu the: " Kham pha y nghia ngi dung ehiia dung van ban Y nghia n^y tac gia bay to, bieu 16 van ban Hieu moi quan he y nghia cua van ban tdc gia xay dung v^ to chuc nen Khang dinh muc dich, y do, ngi dung thuc hien, tien gia dinh Danh gia tu tuang ciia tac gia Sap nhap, hoa dong thong tin va tu tuang ciia tac gia vai tri thuc va kinh nghiem phu hgp cua nguai dgc""* GS.TS T r i n Dinh Su da chi mot s6 ngi dung quan trgng ve dgc hieu: "Mot, dgc Ik qui trinh tiep nhan y nghia tir van ban, t§t phai hieu ngon ngu ciia van ban (ngon ngii dan toe, ngon ngii nghe thuat, ngon ngii t h i loai ciia van ban"; phai dua vao tinh tich cue cua ehu t h i (hung thii, nhu eSu, nang lue) va tac dong qua lai giua chii the va van ban Hai, dgc la qua trinh giao tiep va doi thoai vai nguai tao van ban (tac gia, xa hgi, van hoa) Ba, dgc la qua trinh tieu dung van hoa van ban (huong thu, giai tri, hgc tap) Bon, dgc la qua trinh tao cac nang lire nguai (nang lue hieu minh, hieu van hoa va hieu the giai) Nhu the dgc la mot hoat dong van hoa co tam nhan loai va y nghia giao due sau sac"^ Tac gia eon neu len suy nghi cua minh ve "hieu" "dgc hieu" Theo ong, "hieu" co '• '"Nguyen Thanh Hung, Kinang doc hiiu Van, NXB Dai hoc Su pham, 2014, tr 34 - 35 " Nguyin Thanh Hung, Nuoi duomg va xa Idnh y nghia cua tam ngir hoc doc hieu van chuang Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, s6 80, 2012, tr 26 ' Tran Dinh Su, Van ban van hoc va doc hieu van ban, in Tai lieu tap hudn giao vien truang c/iuy^n - A/on A'gi? van Bo Giio dye D^o tao, 2011 - Y kien c6 hai khia canh: Thii nhat, coi la phuorng cham s6ng tich cue ciia nguai hien dai; thii hai, coi phuang cham ay luon phu hop vai moi hoan canh Ban loan (7,5 diem) - Thi sinh can 1km ro: Phuang cham song tren c6 h o ^ iokn tich cue khong? Co luon phu hop vai mpi hoan canh khong? - Thi sinh c6 the dong tinh, khong dong tinh hoac chi dong tinh phan nho vai y kien Dii theo khuynh huang nao thi cung phai c6 If le, can cu xac dang va c6 thai ban luan nghiem tiic, thien chi Bay to quan diem cua ban than (1,0 diem) Tu nhan thuc va trai nghiem rieng, thi sinh can bay to quan diSm ciia chinh minh ve cong hien - huang thu, ve su hop li cua moi quan he c6ng hi8n - huang thu d6i vai nguod hien dai a hokn canh binh thuong vk s6ng hoan canh bat thuong, nhat la a thai diem can c6 su hi sinh, cong hien Cau III (5,0 diSm) Yeu cau chung: - Cau kiem tra nang luc viet bai nghi luan van hoc ciia thi sinh; doi hoi thi sinh phai huy dong kien thiic ve tac pham van hoc If luan van hoc, ki nang tao lap van ban va kha nang cam thu van chuong ciia minh de lam bai - Thf sinh c6 the cam nhan va kien giai theo nhung c^ch khac nhau, nhung phai c6 \i le, CO can cu xac dang, khong dugc thoat h van ban tac pham Yeu cau cu the: Vai net ve tac gia, tac pham (0,5 diem) - Thanh Thao la mot guang mat tieu bieu ciia tho chong Mi; cung la cay biit luon no lire cdch tan sau nam 1975, noi bat Ih su tim kiem nhirng c^ch bi^u dat mdi tha - Dan ghi ta ciia Lorca Ih hhi tha lay cam tu c^i chet bi phan ciia nhh tha Ian nguai Tay Ban Nha bi bon doc tid Phrangco giet hai nam 1936; Ih mot nhung tdc pham tieu bieu cho sang tao nghe thuat cua Thanh Thao Giai thfch cac y kiln (0,5 diem) - Y kien thu nhat: nghe sT- chien silk nguai vua hoat dong nghe thuat vua tranh diu cho doc lap, tu do, dan chii va tien bo xa hoi; y kien da nhin nhan Lorca g§n vai dSu truang chfnh tri, vai cuoc dau tranh cua nhan dan chong lai che doc tai - Y kien thii hai: nghe si thudn tiiy la nguai chi hoat dong linh vuc nghe thuat, dam me va chuyen chii sang tao cai dep; y kien da nhan dinh Lorca dai s6ng nghe SI, truac sau chi thuoc ve niem dam me cai dep va sang tao nghe thuat, nhung da bi gilt hai bi tham, oan khuat Cam nhan ve hinh tugng Lorca (3^0 diim) Thf sinh c6 the cam nhan theo nhirng huong khac nhau, nhung c§n ^ ro cdc phuang dien chfnh cua hinh tugng Lorca: 186 - Noi dung hinh tuong: chan dung nguoi nghe si tai hoa, lang tu, don doc; so phan oan khuat, bi tham; sir bat tu ctia Lorca ciing nghe thuat ciia ong - Nghe thuat khSc hoa: but phdp tugng tnmg, sieu thirc; loi tha giau nhac tinh; nghe thuat doi lap, nhan hoa, an du chuyen doi cam giac, Binh luan ve cac y kien (1,0 diem) - Hai y ki§n tren Ik hai each danh gia, cam nhan ve hinh tugng Lorca Y kien thii nhat xuat phat tu nguoi Lorca ngoai doi d8 hikn hinh tugng Lorca tac pham; y kien thii hai xuat phat tu van ban tac pham de hieu hinh tugng Lorca - Thi sinh c6 the bay to quan diSm rieng ciia minh ve cac y kien; can nhan thuc dugc viec tham khao nhung tai lieu ngoai van ban la can thiet, nhung can cu cuoi cung vk quan nhk cam thu nghe thuat noi chung, cam nhan hinh tugng Lorca noi rieng, van la van ban tac pham D E THI T U Y E N S I N H DAI H O C KHOI C - MON N G Q VAN - NAM 2014 Thai gian lam bai: 180 phut, khong ke thai gian phat de Cau I {2,0 diim) Thua nhd toi cong Na cau cd niu vdy ba di cha Binh Lam bat chim se a vanh tai tuang Phat vd doi an trom nhan chua Trdn Thua nhd toi len chai den Cay Thi chdn ddt di dem xem le den Sdng mui hue trdng quyen khoi trdm thorn Idm dieu hat van Ido ddo bong cd dong ^ ^ Toi ddu biet bd toi cacue the •h'.n-A i • • \ • ftbd mo cua xuc tep a dong Quan bd di gdnh che xanh Ba Trqi Quan Chdo, Dong Giao thdp thimg nhung dem hdn {Do Len - Nguyin Duy, Ngit vdn 12, tap mot, NXB Gi^o due Viet Nam, 2013, tr 148) 187 Doc doan tho tren va thirc hien cac yeu c§u sau: Xac dinh nhCrng phuong thuc bieu dat dugc su dung doan tho (0,5 diem) Cac tu "Ido ddo ", "thgp thirng " c6 vai tro gi viec the hien hinh anh c6 dong va nguori ba? (0,5 diem) Su v6 tarn ciia chau va n6i ca cue ciia ba hien len qua nhiing h6i lie nko? Nguoi chau da bay to noi niem gi qua nhimg hoi uc do? {1,0 diem) Caull {3,0 diim) « Ke manh khong phdi la ke gidm len vai ke khdc de thod man Idng ich ki Ke mgnh chinh Id ke giup da ke khdc tren doi vai minh {Dad thica - Nam Cao, Ngir van 11 Nang cao, tap mot, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2013, tr 203 - 204) Y kien tren ggi cho anh/chj suy nghi gi ve dieu lam nen sire manh chan chinh ciia moi nguoi cung nhu ciia mot quoc gia (bai viet khoang 600 tu)? Cau III (5,0 ^i^m) Ve hinh tugng song Huong biit kiAi dd dat ten cho dong song? cua Hoang Phu Nggc Tuong (sach Ngir van 12), c6 y kien cho rang: Ve dep noi bat ciia song Huong la cdnh sac thien nhien tha mong, tinh tic Y kien khac thi nhan manh: Ve dep be sdu cua song Huorig Id nhimg tram tich van hod, lich sir Bang cam nhan ve hinh tugng song Huong, anh/chi hay binh luan cac y kiln tren Huong ddn chdm''': Cau I (2,0 diim) Yeu cau chung: - Cau n^y kiem tra nang luc doc hieu van ban ciia thi sinh; doi hoi thi sinh phai huy dgng kien thuc va ki nang doc hieu mot van ban van hgc thugc thi tho trii tinh dl l^m bai - De khong yeu cau dgc hieu mgi phuong dien ciia doan trich, chi kilm tra mot s6 khia canh Cam nhan ciia thi sinh c6 the phong phu nhung c§n n4m bat dugc tarn tinh ciia tac gia, hieu dugc ve dep cua tieng Viet, nhan dugc cac phuong thiic bilu dat dugc dung doan trich Yeu cau cii the: Nhirng phuong thiic bieu dat dugc su dung doan tho: bilu cam, tu su, mieu ta (0,5 diem) - Tir "Ido ddo": khac hoa song dgng hinh anh c6 dong liic hanh ll cai nhin thich thu ciia chau Theo Huang dan cham - Dap an - Thang diem D€ thi tuyin sinh dai hoc nam 2014 mon Ngix van - Khoi C cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao 188 - Tir "thdp thitng": kh4c hoa chan thirc hinh anh nguoi ba buom chai kiem song noi xot xacua chau nho lai i i s i K j nsu;) -na': v A? y -jifi ^' • V (0,5 diem) - Sir v6 tam cua chau va n6i co cue cua ba hien len qua hai the giai khac nhau: chau thi mai me vdi nhung tro vui (cau ca, bat chim, an trgm nhan, xem le, ), ba thi vat va kiem song dem (mo cua, xiic tep, ganh che xanh) - Qua nhung hoi uc v^ tuoi tho v6 tu, nguoi chau da b^y to noi an han, day dut ciia minh: chua biet yeu thuong, chia se voi ba (1,0 diem) n MJU Cau I I (3,0 diim) Yeu cau chung: - Cau kiem tra nang lyc viet bai nghi luan xa hoi cua thi sinh; doi hoi thi sinh phai huy dong nhung hieu biet ve doi song xa hoi, k i nang tao lap van ban va kha nang bay to quan diem rieng cua minh de lam bai - Thi sinh c6 the trien khai van de theo nhieu each khde nhau, nhung phai c6 l i le v^ can cu xae dang; dugc tu bay to quan diem eiia minh, nhung phai c6 t h ^ chan thanh, nghiem tiic, phu hgp voi chuan muc dao due xa hoi va luat phap quoe te Yeu cau cu the: Giai thich y kien (0,5 ^/emj Y kien neu len quan niem vd ke manh; y kien khong nhin nhan ke manh o vi the hay uy lue ma a tu each, cu the la a each hanh xii Quan niem dugc the hien triet de bai hai ve tuong ho Ve phii dinh: uc hi8p nguoi khac de thoa man long tham, long ich ki khong phai la ke manh Ve khang dinh: sin sang nang da, ho trg nguoi khac moi diing 1^ ke manh Banluanf2,0^/em; Thi sinh c6 thi mo rgng su ban luan cAc hudng kh^c nhau; dudd day 1^ nhijng y tham khao: - Dieu tao nen sue manh chan ehinh cua moi nguoi eugc song eiing nhu eiia mot qu6c gia tren truang quoe te khong chi la uu the tu than ma la each hanh xu Voi m6i ca nhan, la su quan tam, nang da, tuang trg de ciing chung song xuat phat tu tinh thuong, long vi tha; voi mot quoc gia, la hanh dong ton trong, hgp tac, ho trg de Cling t5n tai, phat triin xu4t phat tu tinh than quoc te - Khang dinh tinh dung din ciia luan de: tu each moi eon nguoi ciing nhu mot quoe gia bao gid ciing dugc nhin nhan quan he voi cong dong, tuan theo nhiing chuan muc nhan van quat Ci dau va thai nao, long leh ki va loi hanh xu bao lire ciing la phan nhan van, phi nhan dao Trong thod dai van minh, cae gia tri nhan van, cae quy uac quoe te dugc de cao, thi cang phai cue lue len an va loai bo nhirng dieu trai voi dao If Bai hgc nhan thiic va hanh dong (0,5 diem) • ' Tir nhung suy nghi va lien he cua minh, thi sinh c6 the nit nhiing bai hgc khac nhau; dual day la nhirng y tham khao: • : 189 - Trong quan he giua nguai va nguai: xay dung loi song tinh nguai, hanh vi ung xu CO van hoa; luon c6 y thuc quan tam, bao ve, nang da nguai kh^c; phe phan loi hanh xu bao lire, y the ue hilp, eha dap nguai khae - Trong quan he giua cae quoe gia: de cao su ton trong, hap tac, tuomg trg; phe p h ^ nhung quoe gia y the la ke manh de gay han, ap dat, xam chiem cae quoc gia khac Cau III (5,0 diSm) Yeu cau chung: * • - Cau kiem tra nang lire viet bai nghi luan van hoc eua thi sinh; doi hoi thi sinh phai huy dong kien thuc ve t^c pham van hoc, li luan van hoc, ki nang tao lap van ban va kha nang cam nhan van ehuang eua minh de l^m b^i - Thi sinh c6 the cam nhan va kien giai theo nhung each khac nhau, nhung phai c6 li le, CO can cu xac dang, khong dugc thoat li van ban tac pham Yeu cau cu the: Vki net ve tac gia, tac pharn (0,5 diem) - Hoang Phu Ngpe Tuang 1^ nh^ van ehuyen ve but ki, c6 van phong giku chat tri tue v^ tai hoa - Ai da dat ten cho ddng song? la tac pham xuat sac the hi en tinh yeu eua tac gia danh cho xir Hue va eung la cho dat nuac Hinh tugng song Huang dugc khac hoa vai nhieu ve dep khac Giai thieh y kien (0,5 diim) - Ve dep noi bat la ve dep hien tren be noi, gay an tugng vugt trgi, de nhan thay bang true cam Y kien thu nhat coi canh sac thien nhien tha mong, tinh tu la ve dep noi bat eiia song Huang - Ve dep be sau 1^ ve dep an ehim, doi hoi phai c6 tri thuc sau rpng v& chiem nghiem cong phu mai khdm phd dugc Y kien thu hai coi nhung tram tich van ho^, lieh sir 1^ ve dep be sau ciia song Huang Cam nhan ve hinh tugng song Huang (3,0 diem) Thi sinh c6 the cam nhan ve cac ve dep khde ciia hinh tugng song Huang, nhung cin bam sat eae y kien neu de Duai day la nhirng y tham khao: - Ve dep ciia canh s§c thien nhien tha mong, tinh tir: nhung canh tri, s4e mau ciia song nuac, niii doi, bai bien, cay eo, giau chat tha, day ggi cam; nhiing dang net cua khiic uon, duang cong, dieu chay, nhip troi, ggi nhieu lien tuong ve mi nhan, ve tinh tir lua doi day quyen ru va say dam - Ve dep cua nhirng tram tich van ho^, lich sii: song Huang la "nguai me phii sa cm mot viing van hod xu sa", va bao dod van dugc to diem bai v6 van cong trinh thi ca, am nhac, hoi hoa, kien tnic, dieu khae; song Huang gan vdd biet bao v6 cong oanh liet qua cac thai dai Ijch sir 190 - Nghe thuat: phoi hop ke va ta; bien phap an du, nhan hoa, so sanh; ngon ngu giau chat trii tinh, chat triet luan ;, j^Vn Binh luan ve y kien (1,0 diem) Thi sinh c6 the dong tinh vdi mot hai, hoac vai ca hai y kien tren; cung c6 the dua nhan dinh khac ciia rieng minh Dual day la nhiing y tham khao: - Ca hai y kien d^u c6 tinh khai quat, sau sac, nhan manh nhung ve dep khac cua hinh tugng song Huomg: canh sac thien nhien tha mong, tinh tu la ve dep noi bat; nhung trSm tich van hoa, lich su la ve dep be sau - Hai y kien khac nhung khong d6i lap ma bo sung cho nhau, hop sir nhin nhan toan dien va thong nhat ve ve dep ciia song Huang D E THI T H A M K H A O S O Thai gian lam bdi: J 80 phut, khong he thai gian phdt de Caul: Doc van ban sau: - 911 xin nghe Co chuyin gi vdy a? - Day la so nhd 123 du&ng Main Street - Vang, hien gia quy vi dang gapphdi tinh huong khan cap gi a? - Toi muon goi Pizza - Thua ba bd dang goi dien den so dien thoai khan cap 911 - Vang, toi biet Toi c6 thi goi mot bdnh Pizza ca L dugc khong Mot nica la pizza thit hun khoi, mot nua Id pizza khoai tay - Xin iSi bd, hien gia bd biet la minh dang goi den so 911 day chug? - Vang, se mat khodng bao Idu g? - Chung toi ro roi thua bd Hien gia bd khong chic g? Bd dang a tinh huong khan cap dung khong g ? - Vang, dimg roi - Va hien gia vi co a ben cgnh nen bd khong the gidi thich cu the dugc dung khong g? - Vang, dung vdy Se mat khodne bao Idu g? - Dgi ciru trg cua chiing toi hien dang co mat each noi bd a khodng dam Trong nhd bd co vgt gi dang de Idm vu khigay thuang tich hay khong? - Khong a 191 - Vay c6 the lien tuc noi chuyen qua dien thoai cho den hie doi cicu trg den nai duac khong? - Khong q Toi hi vong la ong se mang den bay gia Xin cam on 6ng v (Theo Internet) Tra lai cac cau hoi sau day: Van ban tren dugc viet theo phong each ngon ngu nao va sir dung phuong thuc bieu dat chinh nao? Theo van ban tren, ngucri phu nu a vao tinh hu6ng nhu th§ nao? Cach lam cho thay dieu gi a ngudi phu nu nay? iy da lam gi? Nguai nghe dien thoai la ai? Nguoi da lam viec nhu thS nao? Theo anh/chi, neu nguai phu nu dugc giai thoSt khoi tinh hu6ng thi dieu gi la nguyen nhan dan toi ket qua do? Anh/chi riit dugc bai hoc gi cho minh va nhung nguai xung quanh d vao nhung tinh huong nhu nguai phu nu dugc noi d^n van ban tren? Cau I I Hay viet mot bai van (khoang 600 tu) vk mot bai hoc sau sSc nhSt ma anh/chj da hoc dugc a truang thong ' Cau I I I Phan ti'ch cam nhan ve dat nuac, y thuc trach nhiem trudc van menh dit nuac doan tha sau ciia Nguyen Khoa Diem: Trong anh va em horn Deu CO mot phan Dat Nuac Khi hai dica cam tay Dat Nuac chung ta hai hoa nong thim Khi chung ta cam tay moi nguai Dat Nuac ven tron, to Ian Mai ta Ian len Con se mang Dat Nuac di xa Den nhung thdng ma mong Em em Dat Nuac la mdu xuang ciia minh Phdi biet gdn bo va san se Phdi biet hod than cho ddng hinh xu sa Lam nen Dat Nuac muon dai (Trich Dat Nuac - Truang ca Mat duang khdt vong - Nguyen Khoa Diem, Ngif van 12, tap mot, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2014, tr 119 - 120) 192 Gai y lambai: • , : u \ : ^ ' ! - ^ o i i ± t Caul: • r ' ro:;i- ::n Van ban tren dugc viet theo phong each ngon ngu sinh hoat va sii dung phuong thue bieu dat chinh la tu su Theo van ban tren, nguod phu nir a vao tinh huong khan cap, eo the nguy hiem den tinh mang Ba ay da goi dien den trung tam ciiu trg thong qua noi dung va goi banh pizza de dugc ho trg, ciiu giup Cach goi dien cho thay nguoi phu nii ay rat thong minh, nhanh tri Nguoi nghe dien thoai la canh sat 6ng ta da lam viec rat can de nam bat dugc tinh hinh ciia nguoi goi dien; bict nguoi phu nu a vao tinh huong nguy hiem, ong ta da tinh y, xu li nhanh nhay de giai eiiu ba ay khoi tinh huong nguy hiem Neu nguoi phu nu' dugc giai thoat khoi tinh huong khan cap thi ket qua la su thong minh, nhanh tri, c6 kl nang tim kiem su ho trg tu nguoi khae ciia chinh nguoi phu nu ay va su tinh y, xu li nhanh nhay each giai quyet van de ciia nguoi canh sat {Luu y: Hoc sinh c6 the dien dat theo each khdc nhimg noi dung can trd lai phdi hap li, CO sue thuyet phuc) Hoc sinh riit bai hoc cho minh va nhung nguoi xung quanh a vao nhirng tinh huong khan cap nhu nguoi phu nu dugc noi den van ban tren Noi dung cau tra loi phai hgp li, c6 sue thuyet phuc, hen quan den viec trang bi nhilng ki nang song can thiet Cau II: Cau nghi luan xa hoi n^y cho phep thi sinh tu lira chon mot bai hoc nao vsxk minh cam thay sau sac, thSm thia nhiing nam thang dugc hoc tap truong thong Hoan canh, tinh huong sinh bai hoc c6 the rat da dang (trong gio hoc tren lop; rapt hoat dpng nao cua tap the, cung ban be; mot Ian tiep xiic, va cham voi mot/ nhiing ) Noi dung, y nghia ciia bai hoc ciing rat da dang, phong phu (ve mot van de bai hoc tren lop, ve mot tu tuong, dao li, quan niem, ve loi song, c^ch hanh xii ) Dii viet ve dieu gi, bai van ciing phai xuat phat tit cam xiic chan thanh, can dien dat bang gigng dieu tu nhien, phu hgp voi cau chuyen, bM hpc dugc dua Muc diem ciia cau thupc vao npi dung, y nghia ciia cau chuyen, b ^ hpc va each dan dat ciia hpc sinh Cau III: Nhirng y chinh can c6: Gioi thieu ehung ve doan trich Dat Nude va doan tho phan tich - Truong ea Mat du&ng khdt vong dugc Nguyen Khoa Diem hoan tai chien khu Tri Thien vao nam 1971, vik ve the he nien hpc sinh, sinh vien a cac thi vimg tam chilm mien Nam euge khang chien chong Mi The he tnromg nhanh chong khoi lua chien tranh, nhan thue mot sau sac ve truyen thong dan toe, ve nhan dan, tir tham thia hon trach nhiem va sir menh ciia minh, siet chat dpi ngii xuong duong tham gia phong trao dau tranh doi thong nhat dat nude Ddt Nuac 193 thupc chuong V ciia ban truang ca - chuang tap trung trinh bay nhung kham pha, cam nha'il mai me ve dat nuac - Vai tinh chat tru tinh - chinh luan, qua hinh thuc nhan vat "anh" tam tinh, luan ban vod "em", doan tri'ch Ddt Nuac kham pha, cam nhan ve dat nude theo mot trinh tu kha mach lac Nguyen Khoa Diem l4n lugt tra lai ba cau hoi Ian: Ddt Nuac c6 tu bao gia? Ddt Nuac a ddu ? Ai Idm nen Ddt Nuac? Khi tra Idi cau hoi Ddt Nuac a ddu?, nha tha da trinh bay qua trinh kham pha, cam nhan cang sau sac Ban dau, Dat Nuac la nhung gi gan gui a xung quanh ta, d ngoai ta Sau do, Nguyen Khoa DiSm khang dinh DSt Nuac CO d ta, moi ngudi, tir di den nhac nhd mot each tu nhien, tham thia ve trach nhiem tnrdc van menh Dat Nude Doan tha da cho the hicn noi dung sau sSc ^y Phan tich k h ^ pha, cam nhan ve DSt Nude d chin dong tha d§u - Dat Nude CO "anh" va "em", c6 moi ngudi dang song hom - Dat Nude cang ven tron, to Idn tren binh dien khong gian, qua lien ket cong dong (Chu y noi dung tam tinh, luan ban qua each dien dat theo Idi tang c§p cua nha tha: "trong anh vci em" - "hai dua cdm tay" "chiing ta" - "chiing ta cam tay moi ngu&i" d moi cap do, nha tha su dung nhung tir ngtr thich hap, giau tinh bilu cam: hdi hod nong tham, ven trdn, to Ion) - Dat Nude c^ng dep giau theo chieu dai thai gian Nhung the he sau {con ta) se tiep noi ma dua Dat Nude den nhung bd ben mdi (thdng ma mong) - Cam himg lac quan ve tuang lai Dat Nude thuc tai nhi^u thii thach, gian khd Phan tich y thirc trach nhiem trudc van menh Dat Nude d bdn dong tha sau - Nhan thirc sau sac, cam nhan gan bo mot each mau thit khang dinh: "Ddt Nuac la mdu xuang ciia minh " - Y thuc ho^ nhap, tinh than dang hien qua c^c tir: gdn bo, san se, hod than - Nhan sinh quan c^ch mang cua ngudi thai dai mdi ciing y thuc tiep ndi truy^n thong ong cha de "lam nen Ddt Nuac mudn dai" - Trach nhiem trudc van menh Dat Nude dugc ggi nhac bang giong dieu dae sac: sir ket hop giua giong dieu yeu cSu trang trong, menh lenh dut khoat (diep ngii Phdi biet) vdi giong dieu tam tinh ngot ngao (Em em Dat Nuac Id mdu xuang cua minh) - Ldi yeu cau, nhac nhd vdi "em" ma ciing la Idi tu nhac nhd cho chinh minh nen cang tham thia, tao moi dong cam sau rong (trong dai tu ""minh " c6 "em" va c6 ca chinh "anh") Ket luan chung - Doan tha c6 noi dung nhan thuc, cam xuc sau sac trudc mot doi tugng tudng chung da rat quen thuoc - Cach tam tinh, luan ban (ngon ngir, giong dieu) khien doan tha c^ng c6 sue lay dong tam hon, nhan thirc cua ban doc - Trong boi canh hien nay, doan tha cang cd y nghia v^ cd gia tri lau dai 194 D E T H I T H A M KHAO Thai gian lam bai: 180 phiit, khong ke thai gian phdt de Caul: Doc doan tho sau: Neu To qudc dang bdo giong tir bien Co mot phdn mdu thit a Hodng Sa Ngdn nam truac theo cha xuong bien Me len rimg thuong nha mdi Tru&ng Sa > Ddt To qudc chap chon bong gigc Cdc nam thao thicc phia Truang San Bien To qudc chua mot ngdy yen d Bien cdn lao nhu me bac son Neu To qudc hom nhin tii bien Me Au Ca hdn khong the yen long Song lap lap de len them luc dia Trong hdn nguai cd ngon song ndo khong (Trich To quoc nhin tic biin - Nguyen Viet Chien - 2009) Tra lai nhung cau hoi sau: Y tha 'To qudc dang bdo giong tic bien" muon thong tin tai nguoi doc nhung sir viec gi? Tai nh^ tha lai nhac dSn chuyen "cha xuong biin", "me len rimg" b^i tha nay? Hinh anh nguai me dugc nhSc den nhi^u \hn doan tha Hay chi va neu tac dung ciia nhung hinh anh Doan tha dugc vik theo thk tha nao? ThS tha gop phSn thi hien noi dung cam xuc cua doan tha nhu the nao? NIU dugc viet mot vai dong tam su vai tac gia bai tha To qudc nhin tic bien, anh/chi se viet gi? Cau I I : ^ Hay viet mot bai van (khoang 600 tir) trinh bay suy nghi cua anh/chi ve viec lam ciia nguai mil cau chuyen sau: "Cd mot nguai mu di tren mot duong toi, tren toy lai cam theo mot chiec den Idng Mot nguai thdy the lien hoi: 195 - dng CO thdy duang ddu ma can phdi cam theo chiec den long luni gi? Nguoi mil lien mim cudi trd l&i: - Toi cam theo chiec den la de ngudi khdc khong dam sam vdo toi Lam vay c6 the gin an todn cho bdn than minh " (Theo Bdi hoc Ion tic nhimg cdu chuyen nho, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi) Cau III: r Phan tich than phan tiii nhuc cua nguoi dau trir no va sue song tiem tang ciia nhan vat M j (Va chong A Phu - To Hoai) vao dem mua xuan nghe tilng Goi y Idm bdi: Cau I : Y tha 'To quoc dang bdo giong tic bien" muon thong tin toi nguoi doc nhimg sir viec: vung bien cua To quoc dang bi de doa bdi bao to ciia thien nhien, dang c6 nguy co bi xam Ian bdi quoc gia khac Nhac den chuyen "cha xuong bien ", "me len ricng" la nh^c den truyen thuyet ve Lac Long Quan va Au Co, god len dieu thieng lieng long m6i nguoi d^t Viet Do la cau chuyen ve coi nguon xa xua, vung ben ciia dan toe, ca so xay dap tinh dong bao va tinh than doan ket bao doi ciia dan toe Viet Nam Ca ba kho tho deu nhac den hinh anh nguoi me: kho va kh6 la hinh anh me Au Co, ngudi me sinh To quoc, ggi dieu thieng Heng, sau s§c; kh6 la hinh anh ngudi me lam lu vdi "ao bac son", ggi su ghn gui, than thuong, cam dong Viec nh4c din hinh anh ngudi me nhieu Ian nhu vay c6 tac dung khai day y thirc ve coi nguon, tinh cam thieng lieng, cao quy, long biet on, tran trong long moi ngudi BM tho dugc viet theo the tha tam chir Day la the tha c6 kha nang bilu hien noi dung phong phii, khong bi go bo ve van, thanh, gop phan the hien tinh cam chan chiia, thiet tha va sau sac ciia nha tha Hoc sinh viet khoang - dong tam sir vdi tac gia bai tha To quoc nhin tic Men theo hudng: chia se tinh cam, khSng dinh y chi, tinh th§n cua moi ngudi dSt Viet ve chii quyen dan tgc, dac biet la chii quyin \h bien dao Cau I I : Dan dat, gidi thieu cau chuyen - Yeu cau tir trang bi ki nang song doi vdi m6i ngudi, c6 ki nang hik chu dong ludng trudc nhung tinh hudng c6 the dien de tir tranh dugc nhirng nii ro khong dang c6 - Dan dat cau chuyen ve ngudi mu trich Bdi hoc l&n tir nhimg cdu chuyen nho va van de can nghi luan: moi ngudi can biet chu dong, biet lo xa, phong than 196 i Giai thich, neu y nghia cau chuyen • ^lf>(^u : c ' - j n ao: - Nhan sir bat tien viec di lai dem cua minh, nguai mii da chu dpng phong tranh bang each mang theo den long: ' T o / cam theo chiec den la de khdc khong dam sdm vao toi Lam vay c6 the giuan nguai toan cho ban than minh" N g u a i mii khong th§ CO each tranh nguai di duang nen da nghi each de nguai d i ducmg tranh minh N g u a i mu chii dong trang b i cho minh nhung phuong tien, vat dung de phii hop v a i hoan canh, thi'ch ung v6i dieu kien Chinh thai chii dong ay da giiip nguod mu di chuyen mot each thuan I g i , an toan hon - Cau chuyen dem den mot bai hoc tham thia ve tinh than chu dong cuoc song: Trong m o i truong hop, khong the de den k h i sir vice xay m a i hanh dong; de tranh dugc nhirng r u i ro khong dang c6, nguai phai luang tinh, can c6 nhirng chuan bi can thiet Do la viec lam quan de nguai eo the song tot m o i dieu kien, m o i hoan canh Ban luan ve van de - Con nguai can phai chii dpng chuan bi truac cho m p i hoan canh: Cupc song luon tiem tang nhieu tinh huong bat nga, c6 nhirng tinh huong khong de doi pho, giai quyet va khong phai cung c6 dii kha nang va san sang giai quyet m p i tinh huong H o n nua, nguai thuang eo nhirng han che, diem yeu can phai khae phue Do do, nguai can phai ren luyen va t u trang bi cho m i n h nhieu k i nang can thiet - Co sir chuan bj, luang truac nhirng tinh huong xau xay ra, eon nguai se luon a t u the chii dpng, c6 the x u l i tinh huong mot each nhanh chong, de d ^ g Sir chuan bi giup cho nguai tir t i n , manh dan han k h i hanh dpng - Con nguai ciing can phai c6 nhan thue diing dan ve nhirng diem manh, diem yeu cua ban than Tir sir hieu biet dung dan ve ban than, m o i nguai can phai luang truac dugc nhihig tinh huong xau c6 the xay bang cich quan s^t nhiing nguai xung quanh, rdt kinh nghiem tir nhirng sai lam da mac phai, t u dieu chinh va trang b i cho minh nhieu yeu to de CO the d6i vai moi tinh hu6ng xSu K h i c6 dugc nhimg sir chuan b i do, mpi tinh huong se dugc giai quyet mot each nhanh chong, thuan I g i - Tir xa xua, ong cha ta da diic ket kinh nghiem ve gia t r i eua su chuan b i , chii dpng trude mpi tinh hu6ng: "Phong hon chong ", hoac phe phan sir b i dpng: "Mat bo m&i lo lam chiiSng" Trong cupc s6ng nay, sir chu dpng chuan bi truac m p i tinh huong van luon can thiet - Dan chung: cac phuang an phong chong bao l i i , sir chuan bi chu dao eiia nguai truac nhirng tham hoa ciia thien nhien; nhirng k i nang lam hanh trang vao dofi cho giai tre la nhirng dieu can thiet - - Phe phan: Trong cupc song, khong phai cung dugc n h u nguai mu cau chuyen, chii dpng chuan bi de tranh nhung n i l ro Can benh "nuac den chan mai nhay" khong xa la, dac biet la giai tre hien Nhieu nguai lai chu quan, dpi den k h i su viec xay m o i t i m each img va sua ehira, khac phuc Khong phai liic nao 197 nguai cung c6 the dir doan het va chinh xac moi tinh huong xay ra, vi the, neu khong CO sir chuan bi trudc, nguai cung kho c6 the thuc hien dugc muc tieu hay giai quyet cong viec mot each suon se Khang djnh y nghia ciia cau chuyen - Khang dinh sir diing dan cua bai hoc duoc gui gSm cau chuyen Dk han che nhung viec bat Igi xay den vdi minh, m6i nguai luon phai a tu th§ sin sang chu dong, chuan bi truac nhixng tinh huong c6 the xay ra, thay doi ban than cho phu hap vai hoan canh, thich nghi vai dieu kien Chi c6 nhu the, cuoc song cua ngudi mdi trd nen de dang han, tranh dugc nhung dieu khong may - Lien he ban than: Ngudi viet tu nhin nhan lai cuoc song ciia ca nhan, xem ban than CO da sir chuan bi tot cho cac tinh huong hay chua, da d tu th§ chu dong, sin sang thay doi ban than de thich ung vdi ho^n canh hay chua, tu rut kinh nghiem, dinh hudng mot loi song diing din, phu hop Cau III: Gidi thieu truyen ngan Va chong A Phu va nhan vat Mi - Va chong A Phu nam tap Truyen Tay Bac, mot dinh cao cua n^n van xuoi khang chien chong Phdp Truyen ngan viet ve cuoc ddi cua mot doi vg chdng ngudi H'mong ma To Hoai da gan bo chuyen len Tay BIC vao nam 1952 Vg chong A Phu da mieu ta chan thuc ndi kho cue ciia ngudi dan lao dong ngheo Tay Bac dudi deh thong tri ciia bgn phong kien, dong thdi phat hien va dien ta sinh dong ve dep tam hon, sue song tiem tang cung qua trinh thiie tinh vuan anh s^ng tu ciia mot the he ngudi dan Tay Bac - Mi la nhan vat dugc ehii y khac hoa nhieu nhat Vg chong A Phu, the hien tap trung han ca von hieu biet phong phii, tinh cam sau sac va but phap nghe thuat doc dao cua nh^ van To Ho^i Phan U'ch than phan tui nhuc ciia ngudi dau trir ng - Sir xuat hien cua Mi phan md dau truyen ngan khien ngudi doc ngae nhien, chii y (nghe thuat vao truyen, gidi thieu nhan vat ciia To Hoai) - Qua trinh tu mot thieu nu xinh dep, tai hoa bi bien dau trir ng nha thong li Pa Tra vi mdn ng truyen kiep, vi tuc cudp vg bi bgn nha giau (A Su) Igi dung - Phan ling cua Mi mdi bi bat ve nha thong If Pa Tra (dem nao ciing khoc bdi tham thia noi tiii nhuc cua cuoc ddi tu bi tudc doat, dinh tir tu de giai thoat) rdi den sir chap nhan lam than trau ngua cho nha giau de cuu bo - Cuoc song am tham, kho cue ciia ngudi phu nu tu eoi minh nhu da chit (Chii y cdc hinh anh giau siic bieu cam: lui lui nhu rtia nudi x6 cua; can buong chat hep, tam toi, chi c6 mot chiec cua so 16 vudng bang ban tay ) Qua trinh troi day ciia sue song tiem tang Mi v^o dem miia xuan nghe tilng s^o ggi ban tinh 198 - Khung canh mua xuan din vai cac ban lang Tay Bac qua ngoi but mieu ta thien nhien, phong tuc ciia To Hoai - Ngoai dku nui da c6 tieng th6i sio goi ban di chai Nghe tieng s5o vong lai, long Mi b6ng thigt tha boi hoi Co ngoi nham thSm bai hat ciia nguoi dang thoi Tieng goi ban tinh ciia chang trai nao bat dSu danh thuc hoai niem ve tuoi tre Mj - Hanh dong u6ng rugu uc tung bat nhu mot phan ung tu sue song tiem tang dang tr6i day, tu y thirc ve quySn binh dang, quyin lam nguai: Uong nhu c6 dan nen ca khat vong Ian uat lie, uong nhu sir tra thii lu nguai doc ac - Trang thai chap choTi nua tinh niia say, nua song vdi thuc tai, niia song ve truac; quen nhung gi xay xung quanh; lai uong rugu va thoi ben bep lira ; long cang nha ve hanh phiic vao nhung mua xuan tuoi tre; dot nhien thay vui suang tra lai; thay minh tre, muon di chai; lap tiic lai muon chet vi y thiic ve canh ngo tra treu cua minh liic nay; cang nha, nuae mat lai cang lia - Trong dau M i cu rap ran tieng Hanh dong lay ong ma, xan mot mieng, bo them vao dia den eho thay eo duong nhu khong ehiu noi bong toi vay boc quanh minh nua, muon thap sang lai cuoc doi Roi M i quan lai toe, thay vdy hoa chuan bi di chai - Than the bi hanh nghiet nga (bi A Sii troi dung goc buong toi bang ca thiing sgi day) nhung tam hon van chap ehan song ve truac, van tha hon cung tieng di theo nhung cuge chai, nhung dam chai Co liie M i quen minh dang bi troi, dinh viing buac di Sgi day troi thit lai, keo M i ve vai thuc tai; lai thon thiie, nghi than phan minh khong bang ngua M i s6ng trang thai liic me, liic tinh, "liic nong nan tha thiet nha" To Hoai da dien ta that tinh te qui trinh troi day cua sue song tiem ihng M i theo eac buac mot cao Ket luan ehung - Duong nhu cuge song kho cue, canh ngo eo le ckng l^m noi bat len ve dep tam hon, sue song tiem t^ng cua nguai phu nii lao dong Tay Bac - Nhung trang van mieu ta than phan tui nhue eiia nhan vat M i canh 1km dau gat ng nha th6ng l i Pa Tra da dem den cho Va chong A Phu gia tri hien thuc to Ian Viec dien ta tinh te qua trinh troi day ciia sue s6ng tiem t ^ g nhan vat M i vao dem miia xuan nghe tiSng da lam nen gia tri nhan dao quy gia cho truyen ngan Nhk van da d6ng cam sau sac vai n6i long, khat vgng hanh phiic vk nang niu, tran ve dep tam hon ciia nguai phu nii mien niii Tay Bac Lai van To Hoai eiing linh boat doi thay de dien ta mot each tu nhien, tinh te noi long M i dem mtia xuan ay 199 NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SI/ PHAM Dja chi: 136 ei;6ng Xuan Thuy Quan Cau Gia'y - Ha Npl O i e n t h o a i : 043.7547.735 | Fax: 043.7547.911 | Website: http://nxbdhsp.edu.vn Phong Kinh doanh va Phat trien thj trudng: Dienthoai:043.7549.202 | E-mail:kinhdoanhifflnxbdhsp.edu.vn Sidi dif«c gidii thieu tai Tning tam Phat hanh sadi va Gidri thieu sin pham: Oienthoai:043.7547708 | E-mail:sachspiSnxbdhsp.edu.vn mOi mimiiNCHoePKOTitMeouoceiA H B A N T I M E30C mrRuiie ^1 ISBN 978-604-54-2240-3 2 521221 Gia:29.500cr ... Cau Giay, Thanh ph6 Ha Noi Cac tac gia Phan mot D!NH HUdNG CHUNG ' Kl THI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA MON NGQVAN Tu nam 2015, Bo Giao due va Dao tao to chiic mot ki thi quoc gia (goi la ki thi. .. ven mot de thi thai gian quy dinh, mot mat luyen kha nang giai b ^ tap, giai quyet van de; mat khac giup he th6ng hoa cac kien thuc va ki nang ckn thi8 t cho ki thi trung hpc thong quoc gia Cung... Ngu van thi theo hinh thuc tu luan, thoi gian thi 1^ 180 phut De thi ddnh gid thi sinh a miic dp: nhan biet, thong hieu, van dung v^ van dung cao, dam bao phan hod trinh dp thi sinh De thi mon