Day 4 4 fractures mapping

Fracture Mapping Fracture Mapping !  Temperature Log !  Radioac4ve tracers (in fluid or in proppant) !  Surface Tiltmeter survey !  Microseismic monitoring !  Hydraulic Impedance Tes4ng (HIT) Methods to evaluate fracture geometry Source Cipolla and Wright 2000 Temperature log depth Pre-frac profile Perfs Run 1 Run 2 Temperature Log !  Pre-Frac temperature log essen4al !  Two post fracture temperature logs minimum !  First 1-3 hours aΗer treatment !  Second 4-6 hours aΗer treatment !  Best results by logging down, undisturbed !  Ver4cal wells only Radioac4ve tracers !  Post Fracture Gamma-ray logs !  Different isotopes in different proppant stages !  Measure count rate vs depth !  Permits not easy !  Temperature and Radioac4ve logs !  Shallow inves4ga4on !  Deviated wellbore errors !  Last proppant in may end up at the 4p Tilt meters !  Up to 18 4ltmeters used to map fracture 3.4 km deep !  Placed in shallow boreholes in circle around wellbore !  Sensi4vity: 3 10-8 inch over 1000 Η !  Geometry, Orienta4on and dip detectable up to 1200 m deep !  Time dependent frac length growth up to 600 m !  Between 1200 and 3400m only fracture orienta4on 50-150 accuracy !  Solar/Lunar tides will affect read-outs, so will kangaroos !  Extrac4ng signals from back ground noise is key Tilt meters: Earth surface displacement due to fracture genera4on Frac Mapping - Microseismic Imaging Detec4ng and triangula4on of micro-’earthquakes’ triggered by growing fracture !  Passive borehole seismic uses the acous4c signals emi⊥ed during and aΗer hydraulic fracturing !  Monitoring from near-by observa4on wells, or !  (permanent) downhole seismometers clamped to the produc4on tubing !  Active borehole seismic, the fracture is irradiated by an artificial seismic source !  adjacent wells equipped with seismic sources and seismometers Frac Mapping - Microseismic Imaging Acoustics Sensors Micro-Seismic Activities Fracture Growth Direction Frac fluid injection σmin Microseismic monitoring Germany !  Star shaped Array of geophones offset 20 km !  Covers about 18 km2 !  1154 channels with 12 Geophones 11 Microseismic monitoring Results Grid Size 100 x 100 m Top view Side view (north) Microseismic monitoring Source: Weatherford 13 Microseismic monitoring 14 ... Temperature and Radioac4ve logs !  Shallow inves4ga4on !  Deviated wellbore errors !  Last proppant in may end up at the 4p Tilt meters !  Up to 18 4ltmeters used to map fracture 3 .4 km deep !  Placed in shallow boreholes in circle around wellbore... Solar/Lunar tides will affect read-outs, so will kangaroos !  Extrac4ng signals from back ground noise is key Tilt meters: Earth surface displacement due to fracture genera4on Frac Mapping - Microseismic Imaging Detec4ng and triangula4on of micro-’earthquakes’ triggered by... Sensi4vity: 3 10-8 inch over 1000 Η !  Geometry, Orienta4on and dip detectable up to 1200 m deep !  Time dependent frac length growth up to 600 m !  Between 1200 and 340 0m only fracture orienta4on