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Logistics and execution Fracturing treatment design process Problem well identification Fluid selection Treatment selection Treatment design Operational constraints Treatment result prediction Operational stimulation program Scheduling and logistics Site preparation Proppant selection Evaluation cycle Job execution Site prepara2on ‐onshore ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Storage vessels for fluids, solvents, etc. Low pressure suction lines and manifold Blending equipment for "on the fly" addition of additives, A number of high pressure pump units High pressure line to the well head. Adequate measurement and control equipment Waste disposal tank(s) or similar facilities 10% excess tank and storage capacity, 50% back‐up on pumps, 50% back‐up on blenders and 100% back‐up on instrumentation. Lay‐out of equipment Preferential wind direction Tool shed Surface facilities, vent line, etc HP Pumps and manifold Wellhead Annulus pressurising unit Chemical storage Fluid storage Blending High Pressure Area to marked with e.g red tape Proppant storage Job control centre Rest area, toilets, muster point, etc Lay‐out of equipment Lay‐out of equipment Site prepara2on‐offshore Checklist ! Lay‐out of the surface lines and connection to the wellhead ! Proper installation of safety measures, e.g: ! Positioning of the contractor location ! Relief valves on the lines and annulus (incl. back‐up valves) to be set at appropriate pressures and checked (depending on the type) ! Measures to control possible vibration in the surface lines (chains, etc.) ! Proper fencing off of the wellhead area ! Measures to comply with HSE requirements. Checklist ! Contingency plan in case of premature termination of the job ! Stand‐by of circulation equipment (e.g. coiled tubing) to clean out ! ! ! ! ! well Check quality of equipment, chemicals and materials (incl. stand‐by and contingency equipment) Make sure that pressure transducers, flowmeters, etc. are properly calibrated Sufficient additional materials and chemicals on location Supervise pressure testing of lines and surface equipment Instruct rig/installation and contractor personnel on the ins and outs of the treatment ("Safety meeting") Job control ! Job control is in principle the responsibility of the stimulation contractor. ! Pre‐treatment Safety Meeting by Frac Master and Site Representative to be attended by all staff on location. ! Safety Aspects of all activities, emergency plans, safe working practices etc ! Operational Aspects : Discussion of the plan and individual roles ! Environmental Issues : Disposal plans for back produced fluids, empty drums etc. 10 Groundwater monitoring sites ¥ Datalogger for continuous monitoring ¥ Independent lab conducted sampling and analysis Name Surface elevation (m) Depth (m) Hy Saal 1/2014 5,41 81,0 Hy Saal 2/2014 8,40 29,9 Hy Saal 2a/2014 8,48 96,0 Hy Saal 2b/2014 8,42 45,0 Hy Saal 1/2011 (Brauchwasserbrunne n Bohrplatz) 8,00 60,0 23 Water wells ! Two complaints about pollu2on of water wells in use by local farmers ! Samples taken by the farmers using incorrect procedures ! New samples taken by independent laboratory Water well Results ¥ Pollu2on confirmed but related to: 1. 2. 3. Technical condi2on Extended period of no use Agricultural (livestock) ac2vi2es Well location Water well 24 Soil ! Umweltmonito ring ! Four sampling sites ! Comprehensive analysis ! Metals, EOX, PAK, TOC, etc. Results No devia2on from background measurements 25 Air Con3nuous real 3me monitoring of gasses ! 10 sensors ! Focus on H2S, SO2 and CH4 Result: No abnormal concentrations 26 NORM ! Umweltmonito ring ! Wipe test on the equipment at various points ! Analysis of liquids and solids Results: ! No measurements above the natural back ground ! No exposure of the inhabitants to increased NORM 27 Peak noise monitoring ! Umweltmonito ring ¥ 346 m away from the well site ¥ Con2nuous measurement ¥ Daily submission of data Result: ! Noise within the limits during the en2re dura2on of the project 28 Noise levels ! Umweltmonito ring ! Aer the measurements a noise level paαern was calculated ! The paαern was in line with the observa2on point in Saal 29 Mercury ! Umweltmonito ring ! Groundwater ! Ground ! Wipe tests and Mercury measurements ! Backproduced fluids and solids ! Produced gas Results: In all tests the level of mercury was at or below detec2on limits Contamina2on with mercury did not occur 30 Conclusions ! Successful s2mula2on of well Barth 11 ! € 0.5 million spent on compliancy measures including diagnos2cs and environmental monitoring ! The applica2on of s2mula2on in well Barth 11 did not have a verifiable effect on man nor environment 31 Carry out the treatment ! Logistics ! Site lay‐out ! Execution control ! Responsibilities ! Fluid preparation ! Quality control ! Program adjustments 32 Fracturing treatment design process Problem well identification Fluid selection Treatment selection Treatment design Operational constraints Treatment result prediction Operational stimulation program Scheduling and logistics Site preparation Proppant selection Evaluation cycle Job execution 33 Hydraulic fracturing ‐ execu2on procedure ! Step 1: Fracture initiation ! Step 2: pumping of the pad volume ! Step 3: start adding proppant ! Step 4: ramp‐up the proppant concentration ! Step 5: keep proppant concentration constant ! Step 6: start tubing displacement stage (do not over‐displace) ! Step 7: Stop pumping monitor pressure decline ! Step 8: Initiate forced closure by flowing back (optional) 34 Forced closure procedure ! Produce back the well at low rate (0.1 m3/min) ! ! ! ! ! immediately after the job. Record wellhead pressure Shut‐in when the wellhead pressure is 20 ‐ 30 bar below the fracture closing pressure Rig down lines, etc. In case of resin coated proppants leave the well closed in for 24 hrs Continue with normal fracture clean‐up procedure 35 Post‐fracture bean‐up procedure ‐ Gas wells ‐ 36 Post‐fracture bean‐up procedure ‐ Oil wells ‐ 37 ... conducted sampling and analysis Name Surface elevation (m) Depth (m) Hy Saal 1/ 20 14 5 , 41 81, 0 Hy Saal 2/20 14 8 ,40 29,9 Hy Saal 2a/20 14 8 ,48 96,0 Hy Saal 2b/20 14 8 ,42 45 ,0 Hy Saal 1/ 2 011 (Brauchwasserbrunne... from 16 .06.20 14 to 23.06.20 14 All vibrations far below the limit (DIN 41 50) 10 /19 /15 18 Seismic Results 1. No local natural seismic ac3vity during the ac3vi3es 2. One weak event (M = ‐0 .4) on the day aDer the S3mula3on ... Active engagement with general public, regulator and governmental bodies (including State Ministry) 14 Severity of earthquakes 15 Seismic ac2vity in Germany between 19 95 and 2 010 ÒMan madeÓ Natural Barth 11 10 /19 /15 16 Station