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1 E12 1. Listening processes 2 SHORT-TERM MEMORY - takes raw speech - organizes info. - predicts info. - recalls prior knowledge < long- term memory LONG-TERM MEMORY - deletes original form of message - retains new info. - stores old info. Message understood Problems - lexical - grammatical - phonetic reason for L. meaning Top-down process - retrieve info. < long-term memo. - interpret message Bottom-up process - analyze language data - interpret message 3 2. Principles in Teaching Listening  Listening materials should be based on a wide range of texts, including both monologues and dialogues.  Schema-building tasks should precede listening.  Learners should know what they are listening for and why.  Only use the tape script (if there is one) as a last resort.  Set a further task, or tasks, which direct learners to a more detailed understanding  Teaching, not testing  Learners should be given opportunities to listen to a text several times and to work through increasingly challenging listening tasks. = pre-listening activities < top-down processing = text-related tasks < bottom-up processing 4 3. Teaching steps Lead-in comprehension task Ss’ listening T’s feedback text-related task comprehension task Ss’ listening T’s feedback TYPE 1 TASKS TYPE 2 TASKS for general information < TOP-DOWN for detailed info. or language aspects < BOTTOM-UP 4. Listening Activities 5 6 1. Some pre-listening activities 1. Guessing, predicting content (from title, picture, task,…) “On Campus” (U.4), Future Life (U.8) 2. Pre-teaching key words (using contexts, Q-A, listening tasks, imagination, word games…): => meaning + pronunciation campus, dorm, major // auditorium, photography (U.4) ** 7 2. Some while-listening activities 1. Asking further questions for fuller comprehension 2. Drawing students’ attention to discourse markers, intonation,… (U.9, Books) I mean… // Unlike the contents… // we can skim, that is, reading… 3. Adapting tasks in textbooks *** 8 3. Some post-listening activities 1. Discussing a related topic 2. Writing a summary / a report 3. Completing text (with blanks) 4. Playing word games *** 3. Teaching listening Unit 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY PART C – LISTENING Teacher: LAI PHU QUAN FACILITATING LISTENING TASKS