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METHODOLOGY THE DIRECT METHOD and THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD Exercise 1: Which of the following statements describes the Direct Method’s principles Which don’t? Circle your choice   To be able to communicate in the target language, students should learn to think in the target language   Meanings are demostrated by the use of realia, pictures, examples, gestures ratjer tjam by translation   Culture is about daily lives of people who speak the target language   The syllabus is based upon grammatical structures of the target language   Students practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences   An explicit grammar rule may never be given   The initiation of interaction always goes from teacher to students   There are two ways to get students self-correct   Only speaking and listening skills are taught 10   For evaluation, students are asked to demonstrate their knowledge about the language Exercise 2: Read the following passage about Gouin Answer the questions below Francois Gouin, a French teacher of Latin in 19 th century, had to go through a very painful set of experiences in order to derive hid insight Having decided in his mid-life to learn German, he took up residency in Hamburg for one year But rather than attempting to converse with the natives, he engaged in a sequence of attempts to “master” the language, he felt he should memorize a German grammar book and a table of the 248 irregular German verbs! He did this in a matter of only ten days, and hurried to the university to test his new knowledge But he could not understand a single word, not single word! Gouin was daunted He returned to the isolation of his room, this time to memorize the German roots and to re-memorize the grammar book and irregular verbs Again he emerged with expectation of success The result was the same as before In the course of the year in Germany, Gouin memorized books, translated Goethe and Schiller, and even memorized 30,000 words in a German dictionary, all in the isolation of his room, only to be crushed by his failure to understand German afterwards Only once did he try to “make conversation” as a method, but this caused people to laugh at him and he was too embarrassed to continue that method (From Teaching by Principles, Brown, 1994) In what ways did Gouin learn German? Do you think he was a good student with this way? In your opinion, why did he fail to understand and make a conversation with the natives? What should he have done to be successful? Exercise 3: A consolidation The following statements summarize characteristics of the Direct Method and the Grammar Translation Method They are not in the correct group Arrange them again Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use of the target language New teaching points were taught through modeling and practice Much vocabulary is taught in the form of listed of isolated words Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language Grammar was taught inductively Grammar provides the rules for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early 10 Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis 11 Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized 12 Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue 13 Oral communication skills were built up in a careful traded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes 14 Both speech and listening comprehension were taught 15 Little or no attention is given to pronunciation 16 Concrete vocabulary was taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures, abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas The Direct Method The Grammar Translation Method METHODOLOGY THE DIRECT METHOD Exercise 1: Which of the following statements describes the Direct Method’s principles Which don’t? Circle your choice   To be able to communicate in the target language, students should learn to think in the target language   Meanings are demostrated by the use of realia, pictures, examples, gestures rather than by translation   Culture is about daily lives of people who speak the target language       10   The syllabus is based upon grammatical structures of the target language  Students practice vocabulary by using new words in complete sentences  An explicit grammar rule may never be given  The initiation of interaction always goes from teacher to students  There are two ways to get students self-correct  Only speaking and listening skills are taught  For evaluation, students are asked to demonstrate their knowledge about the language Exercise 2: Match each technique (1-11) with its objective (A-H) A B C D E F G to check listening comprehension to make meaning clear to facilitate student’s self correction to practice a structure to induce grammar rules to enhance further practice over a structure to practice writing The teacher asks students to take turn to read part of a passage, play, or dialog out loud Teacher uses gestures, pictures, relia, examples, etc to explain meaning of each part The teacher gives several examples for a new word/ concept Students complete a task by following the teacher’s oral instructions in the target language The teacher repeats a student’s sentence using questioning voice or/and giving another alternative The teacher asks individual student questions about themselves The teacher asks the whole class questions related to the passage, play, or dialog, the class answers in full sentences The teacher reads dictation, students write down what they hear Stundents fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the lessons to complete some sentences 9 Two students ask each other questions, using the same grammatical structure in the target language 10 Students write a paragraph in their own words, using the reading passage in the lesson as a model 11 The teacher draws a picture in response to a student’s question about a new word METHODOLOGY THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION AND THE DIRECT METHOD Which of the following statements describes characteristics of the Direct Method (D)? And which describes the Grammar Translation Method (GT) Circle your choice Classes are taught in the mother tongue, with little active use of the target language D GT New teaching points were taught through modeling and practice D GT Much vocabulary is taught in the form of listed of isolated words D GT Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given D GT Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language D GT Grammar was taught inductively D GT Grammar provides the rules for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words D GT Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught D GT Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early D GT 10 Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis D GT 11 Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized D GT 12 Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue D GT 13 Oral communication skills were built up in a careful traded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes D GT 14 Both speech and listening comprehension were taught D GT 15 Little or no attention is given to pronunciation D GT 16 Concrete vocabulary was taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures, abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas D GT Match each technique (1-11) with its objective (A-H) A B C D E F G to check listening comprehension to make meaning clear to facilitate student’s self correction to practice a structure to induce grammar rules to enhance further practice over a structure to practice writing The teacher asks students to take turn to read part of a passage, play, or dialog out loud Teacher uses gestures, pictures, relia, examples, etc to explain meaning of each part The teacher gives several examples for a new word/ concept Students complete a task by following the teacher’s oral instructions in the target language  The teacher repeats a student’s sentence using questioning voice or/and giving another alternative  The teacher asks individual student questions about themselves The teacher asks the whole class questions related to the passage, play, or dialog, the class answers in full sentences The teacher reads dictation, students write down what they hear Stundents fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the lessons to complete some sentences Two students ask each other questions, using the same grammatical structure in the target language 10 Students write a paragraph in their own words, using the reading passage in the lesson as a model 11 The teacher draws a picture in response to a student’s question about a new word          ... consolidation The following statements summarize characteristics of the Direct Method and the Grammar Translation Method They are not in the correct group Arrange them again Classes are taught in the mother... by association of ideas The Direct Method The Grammar Translation Method METHODOLOGY THE DIRECT METHOD Exercise 1: Which of the following statements describes the Direct Method’s principles Which... intricacies of grammar are given Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language Grammar was taught inductively Grammar provides the rules for putting words together, and instruction