TOPIC 4 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION

Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission TOPIC 4: TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION EXERCISE 1: [] The modem comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants of the American press in the late nineteenth century The first full-color comic strip appeared in January 1894 in the New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer The first regular weekly fullcolor comic supplement, similar to today’s Sunday funnies, appeared two years later, in William Randolph Hearst’s rival New York paper, the Morning Journal Both were immensely popular and publishers realized that supplementing the news with comic relief boosted the sale of papers The Morning Journal started another feature in 1896, the “Yellow Kid”, the first continuous comic character in the United States, whose creator, Richard Outcault, had been lured away from the World by the ambitious Hearst The “Yellow Kid” Ayas in many ways a pioneer Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came to characterize later strips, and it introduced the speech balloon inside the strip, usually placed above the characters’ heads The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was Rudolph Dirks’s “Katzenjammer Kids”, based on Wilhelm Busch’s Max and Moritz, a European satire of the nineteenth century The “Kids” strip, first published in 1897, served as the prototype for future American strips It contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast of characters, and was divided into small regular panels that did away with the larger panoramic scenes of earlier comics Newspaper syndication played a major role in spreading the popularity of comic strips throughout the country Though weekly colored comics came first, daily black-and-white strips were not far behind The first appeared in the Chicago American in 1904 It was followed by many imitators, and by 1915 black-and-white comic strips had become a staple of daily newspapers around the country Question 1: In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage? A In the order in which they were created B From most popular, to least popular C According to the newspaper in which they appeared D In alphabetical order by title Question 2: According to the passage, the “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to all of the following EXCEPT A feature the same character in each episode B include dialogue inside a balloon C appear in a Chicago newspaper D characterize city life in a humorous way Question 3: The word “prototype” is closest in meaning to A model B story C humor D drawing Question 4: The word “staple” is closest in meaning to A new version B huge success C regular feature D popular edition Question 5: The word “incorporate” is closest in meaning to A combine B mention C create D affect TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Question 6: Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst? A Their comic strips are still published today B They owned major competitive newspapers C They established New York’s first newspaper D They published comic strips about the newspaper war Question 7: The word “it” refers to A balloon B farce C dialogue D the “Yellow Kid” Question 8: The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons? A Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings B They were about real-life situations C Readers could identify with the characters D They provided a break from serious news stories Question 9: To say that Richard Outcault had been “lured away from” the World by Hearst means which of the following? A Hearst warned Outcault not to leave the World B Hearst convinced Outcault to leave the World C Hearst fired Outcault from the World D Hearst wanted Outcault to work for the World Question 10: What does the passage mainly discuss? A The differences between early and modem comic strips B Features of early comic strips in the United States C The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories D A comparison of two popular comic strips ĐÁP ÁN A C A C A B D D D 10 B GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án A Keywords: In what order Câu bắt buộc phải đọc qua nội dung bài, để ý mốc thời gian tăng dần từ 1894, 1896, 1894, 1904, 1915 ta dễ dàng chọn đáp án A In the order in which they were created (Theo thứ tự mà chúng đời) Question 2: Đáp án C Keywords: the “Yellow Kid”, EXCEPT Clue: Chúng ta tìm thông tin đoạn + the “Yellow Kid”, the first continuous comic character in the United States ("Cậu Bé Vàng" nhân vật truyện tranh dài kì Mỹ) nghĩa tập xuất nhân vật Đáp án A feature the same character in each episode (trong tập xuất nhân vật) thông tin TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission + Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce (Những đoạn hội thoại truyện câu chuyện khôi hài châm biếm sống thành thị) — Đáp án D characterize city life in a humorous way (mô tả sống thành thị với lối hài hước) thông tin + and it introduced the speech balloon (Bộ truyện giới thiệu khung thoại hình bong bóng) - Đáp án B include dialogue inside a balloon (bao gồm lời thoại bên hình bong bóng) Như có đáp án C appear in a Chicago newspaper (xuất tờ báo Chicago) thông tin Question 3: Đáp án A prototype (n): nguyên mẫu Đáp án A model (n): mẫu Đáp án B story (n): câu chuyện Đáp án C humor (n): khiếu hài hước Đáp án D drawing (n): vẽ Như có đáp án A phù hợp nghĩa Question 4: Đáp án C staple (n): yếu tố chính/cơ bản/chuẩn mực Đáp án A new version (bản mới) Đáp án B huge success (thành công lớn) Đáp án C regular feature (yếu tố bản/thường kỳ) Đáp án D popular edition (ấn phẩm phổ biến) Như có đáp án C phù hợp nghĩa Question 5: Đáp án A incorporate (v): kết hợp, sát nhập Đáp án A combine (v): kết hợp Đáp án B mention (v): đề cập Đáp án C create (v): tạo Đáp án D affect (v): ảnh hưởng đến Ngoài ta đoán nghĩa dựa câu gốc “The first strip to incorporate all the elements of late comics was Rudolph Dirks’s “Katzenjammer Kids” (Loạt truyện kết hợp tất yếu tố truyện tranh gần "Katzenjammer Kids " Rudolph Dirks) Question 6: Đáp án B Keywords: Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst Clue: The modem comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants of the American press in the late nineteenth century (Truyện tranh đại bùng nổ đạn dược chiến tranh gã khổng lồ báo chí Mỹ năm cuối kỷ XIX.) Sau câu này, tác giả đề cập đến Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst ví dụ cho việc họ sở hữu tờ báo lớn báo chí Mỹ mà tờ có chuyên mục truyện tranh TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Như chọn B They owned major competitive newspapers (Họ sở hữu tờ báo lớn mang tính cạnh tranh) Các đáp án lại sai thông tin Question 7: Đáp án D Clue: “The “Yellow Kid” was in many ways a pioneer Its comic dialogue , and it introduced ” ("Cậu Bé Vàng" nhiều phương diện truyện tiên phong Những mẩu đối thoại hài hước truyện , truyện giới thiệu ") Từ “it” liên quan đến danh từ nhắc đến trước Dựa vào nghĩa đoạn ta thấy đáp án D Question 8: Đáp án D Câu hỏi: “Đoạn văn cho thấy truyện tranh phổ biến lí sau đây?” Đáp án A Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings (Người đọc thích vẽ khác thường) — Sai, thông tin Đáp án B They were about real-life situations (Chúng nói tình thực tế sống) - Sai, lí khiến cho truyện tranh phổ biến Đáp án C Readers could identify with the characters (Người đọc đồng cảm với nhân vật) - Sai, thông tin Đáp án D They provided a break from serious newsstories (Chúng đem lại giải lao từ tin tức quan trọng) - Đúng Vì sạo đáp án D đúng? Đoạn văn cho thấy bùng nổ mẩu truyện tranh mang ý nghĩa lớn với ngành báo chí Nó không giúp thúc đẩy doanh số (đoạn 2) mà chiếm vai trò quan trọng, yếu tố thiếu tờ báo khắp nước (đoạn văn cuối) Những tờ báo thường có mẩu tin tức quan trọng căng thẳng, hài hước mẩu truyện tranh khiến cho chúng phổ biến tờ báo Question 9: Đáp án D Keywords: lured away from lure someone or something away (from someone or something): mời chào, thu hút ai/cái Đáp án D mang sắc thái nghĩa hợp lí Question 10: Đáp án B Đáp án A The differences between early and modem comic strips (Sự khác biệt truyện, tranh ban đầu truyện tranh đại) Đáp án B Features of early comic strips in the United States (Những đặc điểm truyện tranh ban đầu Mỹ) Đáp án C The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories (Những tác động tờ báo tới mẩu truyện tranh) Đáp án D A comparison of two popular comic strips (Sự so sánh hai loạt truyện tiếng) Đoạn văn chủ yếu đề cập tới đặc điểm truyện tranh qua thời kì Như ta chọn B TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Imitator (n): người bắt chước Ammunition (n): đạn dược Panoramic (n): toàn cảnh Lure someone or something away (from someone or something): mời chào, thu hút ai/cái Prototype (n): nguyên mẫu Incorporate (v): kết hợp, sát nhập Play a/an adj role in : giữ vai trò Do away with something: thoát khỏi gì; gạt bỏ; thủ tiêu Divide into (v): chia thành 10 Black-and-white (a): rõ ràng, minh bạch, trắng đen EXERCISE 2: [] Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant", "sad", "lively" The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next Certain films had music especially composed for them The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D W Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915 Question 1: The passage mainly discusses music that was TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission A performed before the showing of a film B played during silent films C recorded during film exhibitions D specifically composed for certain movie theaters Question 2: What can be inferred that the passage about the majority of films made after 1927? A They were truly "silent" B They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras C They incorporated the sound of the actors' voices D They corresponded to specific musical compositions Question 3: It can be inferred that orchestra conductors who worked in movie theaters needed to A be able to play many instruments B have pleasant voices C be familiar with a wide variety of music D be able to compose original music Question 4: The word "them" in paragraph refers to A years B hands C pieces D films Question 5: According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company? A It produced electricity B It distributed films C It published musical arrangements D It made musical instruments Question 6: It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared around A 1896 B 1909 C 1915 D 1927 Question 7: Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early 1900's? A "Calm, peaceful" B "Piano, violin" C "Key of C major" D.''Directed by D W Griffith's” Question 8: The word "composed" in paragraph is closest in meaning to A selected B combined C played D created Question 9: The word "scores" in paragraph most likely mean A totals B successes C groups of musicians D musical compositions Question 10: The passage probably continues with a discussion of A other films directed by D W Griffith B famous composers of the early twentieth century C silent films by other directors D the music in Birth of a Nation ĐÁP ÁN B C C D B B A D D 10 D GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Question 1: Đáp án B Clue: “Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment.” (Dẫu cho suy nghĩ quen thuộc nói phim trước năm 1927 "'phim câm ", vậy, chúng chưa thực "câm " Ngay từ ban đầu, âm nhạc coi yếu tố kèm thiếu) Sau toàn đoạn văn tác giả nói nhạc đệm sử dụng phim ảnh, cụ thể lúc phim câm Chọn B Question 2: Đáp án C Clue: “the films made before 1927 as "silent"” (Những phim trước năm 1927 phim câm) Có thể suy phim đời sau năm 1927 trở thành phim có tiếng Bởi lúc đó, giọng diễn viên lồng cách trực tiếp cho phim Chọn C They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices (Những phim lồng tiếng diễn viên) Question 3: Đáp án C Clue: “ the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra” (việc lựa chọn nhạc cho chương trình phim phụ thuộc hoàn toàn vào bàn tay người huy nhạc trưởng dàn nhạc) Như vậy, họ phải người quen với nhiều loại nhạc Chọn C Question 4: Đáp án D Clue: “Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then!” Trong câu đề cập đến việc nhạc trưởng xem phim, từ “them” để phim Ta chọn D Question 5: Đáp án B Keywords: Edison Company Clue: “film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments In 1909, for example, the Edison Company ” (những công ty phân phối phim bắt đầu thực việc đề nghị xuất nhạc đệm Vào năm 1909, ví dụ công ty Edison ) “Edison Company” nhắc đến ví dụ loại công ty Chọn B It distributed films (phân phối phim) Question 6: Đáp án B Clue: “In 1909 and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood” (Vào năm 1909 nên xuất nhạc chứa biểu tâm trạng) Ta chọn B 1909 Question 7: Đáp án A Xem lại câu 6, ta thấy nhạc có chứa trạng thái cảm xúc Như có TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission đáp A phù hợp Question 8: Đáp án D Clue: “Certain films had music especially composed for them” (Nhiều phim có nhạc đặc biệt soạn riêng) composed mang nghĩa (nhạc) soạn ra, tức nhạc sĩ sáng tác Đáp án D created phù hợp nghĩa Question 9: Đáp án D Trước đoạn văn cuối nhắc đến “Certain films had music especially composed for them.” Vì từ “scores” dùng mang hàm nghĩa “music composed for films” (nhạc soạn cho phim) Ta chọn D musical compositions (tác phẩm âm nhạc) Question 10: Đáp án D Dễ dàng nhận đoạn cuối nhắc đến nhạc phim cho phim “Bird of a Nation” Như hiển nhiên đáp án D TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Score (n): phần nhạc cho phim, kịch In the full sense of the word: nghĩa Indispensable (a): thiếu = necessary, essential Emerge (v): ra, xuất = come out, appear (v) Be adj enough to V: đủ để làm Regard somebody/something as something: coi như, xem ai/cái Principal (a): chính, chủ yếu = primary, main Meet difficulty: vấp phải khó khăn Conductor (n): nhạc trưởng, người đạo, huy 10 Sufficient (a) = adequate (a): đủ 11 Orchestra (n): dàn nhạc EXERCISE 3: [] The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks) Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission which they would be used Question 1: Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss? A Laws governing the printing industry B Competition among printers C Types of publications produced D Advances in printing technology Question 2: According to the passage, why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects? A Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major projects B There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies C Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price D Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects Question 3: Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they A required a small financial investment and sold quickly B were in great demand in European markets C were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets D generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists Question 4: The word "they" refers to A chapbooks B tales C jokes D pages Question 5: The word "antecedent" is closest in meaning to A predecessor B format C imitation D component Question 6: Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by A fine paper B cardboard covers C elaborate decoration D a large number of pages Question 7: The word "appealing" is closest in meaning to A dependable B respectable C enduring D attractive Question 8: What were "steady sellers"? A Printers whose incomes were quite large B People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets C Investors who provided reliable financial support for new printers D Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year Question 9: The word "locale" is closest in meaning to A topic B season C interest D place Question 10: All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT A "Broadsides" B "catechisms" C "chapbooks" D "Almanacs" ĐÁP ÁN C C A A A B D D D 10 B GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án C TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 10 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Câu buộc phải sử dụng kiến thức thực tế pound = 16 ounches, 2.5 pounds = 40 ounches Như điện thoại di động nặng 10 lần điện thoại ngày Chọn A Question 7: Đáp án C Keywords: Motorola introduce the first cell phones for commercial use Clue: “On April 3, 1973, Cooper made the first cell phone call After a decade, Motorola introduced the first cell phone for commercial use” (Vào ngày 3/4/1973, Cooper tạo điện thoại di động Sau thập kỉ, Motorola giới thiệu điện thoại di động chữ mục đích thương mại) Như chọn C Question 8: Đáp án C Clue: “In 1977, AT & T constructed a cell phone system and tried it out in Chicago with over 2,000 customers In 1981, a second cellular phone system was started in the Washington, D.C and Baltimore area.” (Vào năm 1977, AT & T xây dựng hệ thống điện thoại di động thử nghiệm Chicago với 2000 khách hàng Vào năm 1981, hệ thống điện thoại di động thứ hai triển khai Washington, D.C khu vực Baltimore) Như AT & T bắt đầu triển khai rộng rãi mạng di động vào năm 1981, năm 1977 thử nghiệm với quy mô nhỏ Chọn C Question 9: Đáp án A gaze (v): nhìn chằm chàm (bộc lộ ngưỡng mộ, bất ngờ ) Chọn A looked with admiration (nhìn với ngưỡng mộ) Question 10: Đáp án C tried it out: thử nghiệm Ở câu nói đến việc thử nghiệm hệ thống mạng di động AT & T Chọn C TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 48 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Walkie-talkie (n): đàm Duplex (a): có hai phần Keep in touch: giữ liên lạc Signal (n): tín hiệu Portable (a): mang theo, xách tay, tính di động Wireless (a): không dây Gaze (v): nhìn chằm chằm (bộc lộ ngưỡng mộ, bất ngờ ) Try something out: thử EXERCISE 13: [] Barbed wire, first patented in the United States in 1867, played an important part in the development of American farming, as it enabled the settlers to maike effective fencing to enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops This had a considerable effect on cattle ranching, since the herds no longer had unrestricted use of the plains for grazing, and the fencing led to conflict between the farmers and the cattle ranchers Before barbed wire came into general use, fencing was often made from serrated wire, which was unsatisfactory because it broke easily when under strain, and could snap in cold weather due to contraction The first practical machine for producing barbed wire was invented in 1874 by an Illinois farmer, and between then and the end of the century about 400 types of barbed wire were devised, of which only about a dozen were ever put to practical use Modern barbed wire is made from mild steel, high-tensile steel, or aluminum Mild steel and aluminum barbed wire have two strands twisted together to form a cable which is stronger than single-strand wire and less affected by temperature changes Single-strand wire, round or oval, is made from high-tensile steel with the barbs crimped or welded on The steel wires used are galvanized -coated with zinc to make them rustproof The two wires that make up the line wire or cable are fed separately into a machine at one end They leave it at the other end twisted together and barbed The wire to make the barbs is fed into the machine from the sides and cut to length by knives that cut diagonally through the wire to produce a sharp point This process continues automatically, and the finished barbed wire is wound onto reels, usually made of wire, in lengths of 400 meters or in weights of up to 50 kilograms A variation of barbed wire is also used for military purposes It is formed into long coils or entanglements called concertina wire Question What is the main topic of the passage? A Cattle ranching in the United States B A type of fencing C Industrial uses of wire D A controversy over land use Question The word "unrestricted" in line is closest in meaning to A unsatisfactory B difficult C considerable D unlimited Question The word “snap” in line could best be replaced by which of the following? A freeze B click C loosen D break TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 49 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Question What is the benefit of using two-stranded barbed wire? A Improved rust -resistance B Increased strength C More rapid attachment of barbs D Easier installation Question According to the author, the steel wires used to make barbed wire are specially processed to A protect them against rust B make them more flexible C prevent contraction in cold weather D straighten them Question The word “fed” in line 16 is closest in meaning to A put B eaten C bitten D nourished Question The knives referred to in line 25 are used to A separate double-stranded wire B prevent the reel from advancing too rapidly C twist the wire D cut the wire that becomes barbs Question What is the author’s purpose in the third paragraph? A To explain the importance of the wire B To outline the difficulty of making the wire C To describe how the wire is made D To suggest several different uses of the wire Question According to the passage concertina wire is used for A livestock management B international communications C prison enclosures D military purposes Question 10 Which of the following most closely resembles the fencing described in the passage? ĐÁP ÁN B D D B A A D C D 10 A GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án B Bài nói “Barbed wire” (Dây thép gai) - loại hàng rào Như chọn B Question 2: Đáp án D TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 50 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission unrestricted (a): không hạn chế, không giới hạn Đáp án A unsatisfactory (a): không vừa lòng, vừa ý, thỏa mãn Đáp án B difficult (a): khó khăn Đáp án C considerable (a): đáng kể, to tát Đáp án D unlimited (a): không giới hạn Như chọn D Question 3: Đáp án D snap (v): gãy tách Đáp án A freeze (v): đóng băng Đáp án B click (v): kêu lách cách Đáp án C loosen (v): nới lỏng Đáp án D break (v): gãy, vỡ Như chọn D Question 4: Đáp án B Keywords: two-stranded barbed wire Clue: “Mild steel and aluminum barbed wire have two strands twisted together to form a cable which is stronger than single-strand wire and less affected by temperature changes” (Dây thép nhẹ dây nhôm gai xoắn thành hai chuỗi tạo thành dây cáp mạnh dây chuỗi bị tác động biến đổi nhiệt độ) Question 5: Đáp án A Clue: “The Steel wires used are galvanized -coated with zinc to make them rustproof” (Dây thép mạ kẽm để chống gỉ) Đáp án A protect them against rust (bảo vệ chúng khỏi bị gì) Question 6: Đáp án A Clue: “The wire to make the barbs is fed into the machine from the sides and cut to length by knives that cut diagonally through the wire to produce a sharp point” (Dầy để làm gai đưa vào máy từ bên cắt chéo theo chiều dài lưỡi dao để tạo mũi nhọn) Như chọn A put gần nghĩa Question 7: Đáp án D Xem lại câu Dao dùng để cắt dây thành gai Question 8: Đáp án C Keywords: third paragraph Câu đầu đoạn tác giả đề cập đến việc dây thép gai tạo nên từ chất liệu Những câu sau mô tả trình cách chúng tạo thành Như mục đích tác giả đoạn đáp án C To describe how the wire is made (để mô tả cách mà đoạn dây tạo thành) Question 9: Đáp án D Keywords: concertina wire Clue: “A variation of barbed wire is also used for militaty purposes It is formed into long TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 51 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission coils or entanglements called concertina wire.” (Một biến thể dây thép gai sử dụng cho mục đích quân Nó cuộn thành xoắn dài hàng rào gọi dây concertina) Như chọn D Question 10: Đáp án A Dây thép gai chắn A TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 52 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Barbed wire (n): dây thép gai Fencing (n): hàng rào Unrestricted (a) = unlimited (a): không hạn chế, không giới hạn Snap (v): gãy tách Rustproof (n): chống gỉ Aluminum (n): nhôm Steel (n): thép Galvanize (y): tráng kẽm Variation (n): biến thể EXERCISE 14: [] Between 4000 and 3000 B.C., significant technological developments began to transform the Neolithic towns, the invention of writing enabled records to be kept, and the use of metals marked a new level of human control over the environment and its resources Already before 4000 B.C., craftspeople had discovered that metalbearing rocks could be heated to liquefy metals, which could then be cast in molds to produce tools and weapons that were more useful than stone instruments Although copper was the first metal to be utilized in producing tools, after 4000 B.C., craftspeople in western Asia discovered that a combination of copper and tin produced bronze, a much harder and more durable metal than copper Its widespread use has led historians to call the period the Bronze Age; thereafter, from around 3000 to 1200 B.C., bronze was increasingly replaced by iron At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages But as their inhabitants mastered the art of farming, more complex human societies emerged As wealth increased, these societies began to develop armies and to build walled cities By the beginning of the Bronze Age, the concentration of larger numbers of people in the river valleys of Southwest Asia and Egypt was leading to a whole new pattern for human life As we have seen, early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, a new form of human existence — called civilization — came into being A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements Historians have identified a number of basic characteristics of civilization, most of which are evident in the Southwest Asian and Egyptian civilizations These include (1) an urban focus: cities became the centers of political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development; (2) a distinct religious structure: the gods were deemed crucial to the community’s success, and professional priestly classes, as stewards of the gods’ property, regulated relations with the gods; (3) new political and military structures: an organized government bureaucracy arose to meet the administrative demands of the growing population while armies were organized to gain land and power and for defense; (4) a new social structure based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 53 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free people (farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves; (5) the development of writing: kings, priests, merchants, and artisans used writing to keep records; and (6) new forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity: monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban environments Why early civilizations developed remains difficult to explain Since civilizations developed independently in India, China, Mesopotamia, and Egypt, can general causes be identified that would explain why all of these civilizations emerged? Some historians believe they can be established A number of possible explanations of the beginning of civilization have been suggested A theory of challenge and response maintains that challenges forced human beings to make efforts that resulted in the rise of civilization Some scholars have adhered to a material explanation Material forces, such as the growth of food surpluses, made possible the specialization of labor and development of large communities with bureaucratic organization But the area of the Fertile Crescent, in which civilization emerged in Southwest Asia, was not naturally conducive to agriculture Abundant food could be produced only with a massive human effort to carefully manage the water, an effort that created the need for organization and bureaucratic control and led to civilized cities Some historians have argued that nonmaterial forces, primarily religious, provided the sense of unity and purpose that made such organized activities possible Finally, some scholars doubt that we are capable of ever discovering the actual causes of early civilization Question 1: Which of the following is the best definition of a “civilization”? A Neolithic towns and cities B Types of complex cultures C An agricultural community D Large population centers Question 2: The word Its in paragraph refers to A copper B bronze C metal D iron Question 3: According to paragraph 2, what happens as societies become more prosperous? A More goods are produced B Walled cities are built C Laws are instituted D The size of families increased Question 4: The word hardly in paragraph is closest in meaning to A frequently B likely C barely D obviously Question 5: Why does the author mention “Neolithic settlements” in paragraph 2? A To give an example of a civilization B To explain the invention of writing systems C To argue that they should be classified as villages D To contrast them with the civilizations that evolved Question 6: According to paragraph 3, how was the class system structured? A An upper class and a lower class B Slaves, free people, and a ruling class C A king, an army, and slaves D Intellectuals and uneducated farmers and workers TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 54 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Question 7: The word crucial in paragraph is closest in meaning to A fundamental B arbitrary C disruptive D suitable Question 8: The word prominent in paragraph is closest in meaning to A weak B important C small D new Question 9: According to paragraph 4, how can the independent development of civilization in different geographic regions be explained? A Scholars agree that food surpluses encouraged populations to be concentrated in certain areas B There are several theories that explain the rise of civilization in the ancient world C The model of civilization was probably carried from one region to another along trade routes D Historians attribute the emergence of early cities at about the same time as a coincidence Question 10: All of the following are cited as reasons why civilizations developed EXCEPT A Religious practices unified the population B The management of water required organization C A major climate change made living in groups necessary D Extra food resulted in the expansion of population centers ĐÁP ÁN B B B C D B A B B 10 C GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án B civilization (n): văn minh Chọn B Types of complex cultures (Gồm loại hình văn hóa phức tạp) Question 2: Đáp án B Keywords: Its, paragraph Clue: “…bronze, a much harder and more durable metal than copper Its widespread use has led historians to call the period the Bronze Age” (đồng thau, kim loại cứng bền so với đồng đỏ Việc sử dụng đồng thau rộng rãi khiến nhà sử học gọi thời Thời kì Đồ Đồng) Question 3: Đáp án B Keywords: paragraph 2, more prosperous (thịnh vượng, phồn vinh) Clue: “As wealth increased, these societies began to develop armies and to build walled cities” (Khi giàu có gia tăng, xã hội bắt đầu phát triển quân đội xây dựng thành phố có thành bao quanh) Question 4: Đáp án C hardly (adv) = barely (adv): gần không Ta chọn C Question 5: Đáp án D TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 55 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Keywords: Neolithic settlements, paragraph Clue: “At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages But as their inhabitants mastered the art of farming, more complex human societies emerged ” (Ban đầu, việc định cư thời đồ đá gần không nhiều tập cư làng mạc Nhưng nhờ nắm rõ nông nghiệp mà nhiều xã hội loài người phức tạp khác xuất hiện…) Sau tác giả nói thời kì đồ đồng, người dân thung lũng sông Tây Nam Á Ai Cập để tương phản với tập cư làng mạc thời kì đồ đá, văn minh phát triển Chọn D Question 6: Đáp án B Keywords: paragraph Clue: “a new social structure based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free people (farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves” (Một kết cấu xã hội dựa quyền lực kinh tế: vị vua, tầng lớp thượng lưu linh mục, nhà lãnh đạo trị, chiến binh thống trị, tồn nhóm lớn người dân tự nông dân, nghệ nhân, thợ thủ công, đáy xã hội nô lệ) Như hệ thống giai cấp chia làm ba: nô lệ, người dân tự do, tầng lớp thống trị Chọn B Question 7: Đáp án A crucial (a): cốt yếu, chủ yếu Đáp án A fundamental (a): bản, chủ yếu Đáp án B arbitrary (a): chuyên quyền, độc đoán Đáp án C disruptive (a): (bị) đập vỡ, phá vỡ Đáp án D suitable (a): phù hợp Question 8: Đáp án B prominent (a): bật, quan trọng Đáp án A weak (a): yếu ớt Đáp án B important (a): quan trọng Đáp án C small (a): nhỏ Đáp án D new (a): Question 9: Đáp án B Keywords: paragraph Theo đoạn 4, tác giả gia tăng văn minh độc lập giới cổ đại khó để giải thích (câu đầu đoạn 4) Sau đưa giả thuyết nhà sử học Như chọn B Question 10: Đáp án C Thông tin tìm thấy đoạn cuối Clue: + “Some historians have argued that nonmaterial forces, primarily religious, provided the sense of unity and purpose that made such organized activities possible” - Đáp án A TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 56 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission + “Abundant food could be produced only with a massive human effort to carefully manage the water, an effort that created the need for organization and bureaucratic control and led to civilized cities” - Đáp án B + “the growth of food surpluses, made possible the specialization of labor and development of large communities with bureaucratic organization” - Đáp án D Như có đáp án C thông tin đoạn văn TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 57 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Neolithic (a): thuộc thời kì đồ đá Craftspeople (n): nghệ nhân Metal-bearing rock: đá có chứa kim loại Bronze (n) đồng thau The Bronze Age: Thời kì Đồ đồng Prosperous (a): thịnh vượng, phồn vinh Walled (a): có thành bao quanh Crucial (a): quan trọng Property (n): tài sản 10 Regulate (v): điều tiết 11 Artisan (n): thợ thủ công 12 Intellectual (a): thuộc trí tuệ 13 Monumental (a): vĩ đại, đồ sộ 14 Mesopotamia (n): vùng Lưỡng Hà 15 Specialization (n): chuyên môn hóa 16 Unity (n): thống 17 Civilization (n): văn minh EXERCISE 15: [] The ubiquitous bar code, developed more than twenty years ago, is not a stagnant product On the contrary, the technology has been improved so that it can be used more efficiently Much less expensive than a computer chip, the bar code can hold more information than it has in the past by adding a second dimension to the structure The bar code consists of a series of parallel vertical bars or lines of two different widths, although sometimes four widths are used, printed in black on a white background Barcodes are used for entering data into a computer system The bars represent the binary digits and 1, just like basic computer language, and sequences of these digits can indicate the numbers from to 9, which can then be read by an optical laser scanner and processed by a digital computer Arabic numbers appear below the code The traditional bar code has been used to monitor skiers at ski lifts and to determine price and perform inventory control on groceries, drugs, medical supplies, manufactured parts, and library books to name a few The bar code used on grocery products, introduced in the 1970s, is called a universal product code (or UPC) and assigns each type of food or grocery product a unique code The five digits on the left are assigned to a particular manufacturer or maker and the five digits on the right are used by that manufacturer to identify a specific type or make of product Traditional single dimension bar codes are not readily customizable because there is little extra space The two-dimensional bar code, with an information density of 1,100 bytes, allows a considerably greater amount of information to be coded than does the traditional bar code, TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 58 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission including customized information [A] It also has built-in redundancy, meaning that the identical information is duplicated on the same code [B] Therefore, if the code is damaged, it can still be read [C] The technology even allows pictures or text to be contained within the code, as well as barcode encryption [D] The new technology dramatically reduces the errors of the single dimensional bar code and reduces the enormous costs that some companies have reported in the past Question 1: A UPC is a type of A bar code B computer program C grocery item D scanner Question 2: Which of the following can be a UPC symbol? A A code with five digits on the left, five digits on the right, reverse form (white text on black background), and no numbers under B A code with six digits on the left, four on the right, two different widths, and one roman numeral under each C A code with five digits on the left, five on the right, two different widths, and one number under each D A code with five digits on the left, five digits on the right, five or six different widths, and one number under each Question 3: In the past, a common use of the bar code was A to encrypt pictures B to keep ftack of products stocked and sold C to act as a computer D to hide text Question 4: The word widths in the second paragraph refers to A its size B its direction C its location D its content Question 5: The word ubiquitous in the first sentence is closest in meaning to A ever-present B new C complicated D outdated Question 6: The word stagnant in the first sentence is closest in meaning to A useless B ever-changing C stale D useful Question 7: Where in the final paragraph ([A], [B], [C] or [D]) could the following sentence be logically placed? Thus, the manufacturer is able to add additional information on the bar code that it finds useful for its own tracking purposes A [A] B [B] C [C] D [D] Question 8: The author implies that the bar code A has existed in one-dimensional form for years B has only recently become popular C is not useful D will never change Question 9: The author’s main purpose is to describe A why the bar code is no longer viable B the UPC used in grocery stores TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 59 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission C the current technology and newest innovation of bar codes D problems with the bar code Question 10: The word considerably in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to A interestingly B far C slightly D technologically ĐÁP ÁN A C B A A C A A C 10 B GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án A Keywords: UPC Clue: “The bar code used on grocery products, introduced in the 1970s, is called a universal product code (or UPC)” (Mã vạch sử dụng sản phẩm, giới thiệu vào năm 1970, gọi Mã sản phẩm toàn cầu hay UPC) Như UPC mã vạch Chọn A Question 2: Đáp án C Clue: + “The bar code consists of a series of parallel vertical bars or lines of two different widths” + “Arabic numbers appear below the code” + “The five digits on the left five digits on the right” Như dựa vào clue kiến thức thực tế ta chọn đáp án C Question 3: Đáp án B Keywords: In the past Clue: “The traditional bar code has been used to monitor skiers at ski lifts and to determine price, and perfonn inventory control on groceries ” (Mã vạch truyền thống dùng để giám sát trượt, xác định giá kiểm soát hàng tồn kho ) Chọn B to keep track of products stocked and sold (theo dõi tình trạng hàng hóa kho bán) Question 4: Đáp án A width (n): chiều rộng Chỉ có đáp án A its size (kích cỡ nó) gần nghĩa Question 5: Đáp án A ubiquitous (a): đâu có, thường gặp Đáp án A ever-present (a): diện Đáp án B new (a): Đáp án C complicated (a): phức tạp Đáp án D outdated (a): lỗi thời Chọn đáp án A phù hợp nghĩa Question 6: Đáp án C stagnant (a): ứ đọng, đình trệ TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 60 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission Đáp án A useless (a): vô dụng Đáp án B ever-changing (a): không ngừng biến đổi Đáp án C stale (a): cũ, để lâu Đáp án D useful (a): hữu ích Chọn đáp án C gần nghĩa Question 7: Đáp án A Cả đoạn sau ghép: The two-dimensional bar code, with an information density of 1,100 bytes, allows a considerably greater amount of information to be coded than does the traditional bar code, including customized information Thus, the manufacturer is able to add additional information on the bar code that it finds useful for its own fracking purposes (Mã vạch hai chiều, với lượng thông tin khoảng 1,100 bytes, cho phép mã hóa lượng thông tin lớn đáng kể so với mã vạch truyền thống, bao gồm việc tùy biến thống tin Chính vậy, nhà sản xuất bổ sung thêm thông tin mã vạch, hữu ích cho việc theo dõi) Question 8: Đáp án A Clue: “The ubiquitous bar code, developed more than twenty years ago” (Mã vạch mà đâu thấy phát minh từ 20 năm trước) Ở chúng tạ hiểu mã vạch chiều Chọn A Question 9: Đáp án C Dễ dàng nhận thấy mục đích tác giả để công nghệ cải tiến mã vạch Các đáp án khác không hợp lí Question 10: Đáp án B considerably greater ~ far greater: lớn đáng kể TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 61 Chinh phục tập đọc hiểu tiếng anh phiên 1.0 Your dreams – Our mission CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG Bar code (n): mã vạch Ubiquitous (a) = ever-present (a): đâu có, thường gặp, diện Determine (v): xác định, định Stagnant (a): ứ đọng, đình trệ Binary digit (n): số nhị phân Indicate (v): ra, cho thấy Considerable (a): đáng kể - considerably (adv): cách đáng kể Customize (v): tùy biến - customizable (a): tùy biến TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang 62 ... King’s 24 Violins" is mentioned to illustrate A the competition in the 1600's between French and Italian orchestras B how the violin became a renowned instrument TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION. .. "Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.” - Đáp án B, C Như ta chọn A TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION. .. according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in TOPIC - TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION Trang Chinh phục