Relative clause EDITED

RELATIVE CLAUSE I DEFINITION: Là mệnh đề phụ dùng để xác định bổ sung nghĩa cho danh từ cụm danh từ mệnh đề Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ: Restrictive (hạn định): Là loại mệnh đề cần thiết bỏ mệnh đề không đủ nghĩa Ex: The book that I bought from St Jupiter book store last afternoon is very interesting Non-restrictive (Không hạn định): Không cần thiết bỏ đi, mệnh để rõ đủ nghĩa Tách khỏi mệnh đề dấu phẩy gạch ngang Không lược bỏ ĐTQH kiểu mệnh đề Ex: Mr Parker, who is standing over there, is a professor in Oxfort University Note: Không dùng đại từ quan hệ “That” MĐQH không hạn định Những trường hợp dùng câu không hạn định: Tên riêng Người vật (The sun, moon, mother, father…) Có tính từ sở hữu (his friend…) Sentence (MĐQH nối tiếp): Dùng để giải thích cho câu phía trước Không dùng “That” mà dùng “Which” dấu phẩy để tách mệnh đề Ex: She got married last week, which made us really surprised II RELATIVE PRONOUNS: Who: Làm chủ cách, thay cho người Whom: Làm tân cách, thay cho người N(person) + Who + V + S + V = Whom S + V Whose: Sở hữu cách N1 + Whose + N2 + V Which: - Thay cho danh từ vật -Thay cho mệnh đề N(thing) + Which + V +S+V That: - Thay cho Who Which - Không dùng sau dấu phẩy giới từ (không làm tân ngữ giới từ) Note 1: trường hợp bắt buộc dùng That: - Danh từ đứng trước vừa người vừa vật (Ex: John really likes places and people that he met in his vacation.) - Sau tính từ so sánh nhất, first last - Thay cho đại từ bất định: anybody, nobody, nothing… - Sau từ all, only (duy nhất) very (Chính là) (Ex: I bought the only book that they had in that store) - Trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh (It’s the teacher that I really like) - Đứng đầu câu + Clause (Ex: That he recovered so soon seemed a miracle to us) Note 2: Có thể đưa giới từ lên trước ĐTQH danh từ tân ngữ giới từ (Đặc biệt lad từ số lượng All of, both of, a lot of, some of, either of, neither of…) -Chỉ dùng với Whom Which Ex: Miss Parker, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost I have brothers, both of whom are doctors He asked me a lot of questions, all of which I can’t answer III RELATIVE ADVERB: Where: = In which (Địa điểm lớn: City, country…) = At which (Địa điểm nhỏ: Shop, street, station…) When: = At which (Giờ, phút) (Có thể thay That) = On which (Thứ, ngày, tháng, năm…) Why: (Có thể thay That) …the reason why + Clause IV OMIT RELATIVE PRONOUN: -Khi MĐQH đóng vai trò tân ngữ MĐQH hạn định Ex: The professor I met at college last night is our new neighbor - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ đóng vai trò tân ngữ giới từ MĐQH hạn định Ex: Miss Parker we studied with last year is a very nice teacher V REDUCE RELATIVE CLAUSE Với V-ing (Chủ động) 1.1 Thì tiếp diễn: Ex: The woman who is sitting next to the window is my English teacher  The woman sitting next to the window is my English teacher 1.2 Hành động diễn hàng ngày, thói quen: Ex: Students who exercise everyday are really studious  Students doing exercise everyday are really studious 1.3 Những động từ mang tính chất thông báo: Tell, require, say, ask, demand, inform, forbid Ex: I like a friend who tells the truth to me every time  I like a friend telling the truth to me every time 1.4 Những từ ước muốn: Believe, hope, want, wish, expect Ex: Christians are the ones who believe in the God  Christians are the ones believing in the God Past participate (PII) 2.1 Câu bị động: Ex: In our city, there are many houses which are built in 19th century  In our city, there are many houses built in 19 th century 2.2 There be + Noun+ V-ing PII Ex: There are students born in Phu Tho in my class There are many people having BA in my company To V The first The last The only + N + relative clause The very Superlatives Mệnh đề số lượng To V Ta rút gọn MĐQH có cụm giới từ, cụm tính từ, cụm danh từ (MĐQH có “Be”) Who + Be + Pre-phrase Which Adj-phrase That N-phrase Ex: The book which is on the table is mine The book on the table is mine The dress which is suitable for working here is very expensive The dress suitable for working here is very expensive Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is very beautiful Hanoi, capital of Vietnam, is very beautiful RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISES I Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun or relative adverb: The place I went to school is a quiet town My brother, has a moustache, is studying architecture The day we left on our trip was Friday 13 th The time I broke my leg is one of my worst memories ………… Toni a bad student got the scholarship of a famous university makes us so astonished The man I saw on TV is a famous writer The Hotel Tyrol, I stayed when I was in Italy, was a really nice hotel She is the very girl is my dreamy girl I’m working for a firm main office is in London 10 The firm employs five hundred people makes video recorders 11 The work increases a lot when the boss is away is always interesting 12 She has invited a hundred of guests, many of ………… I don’t know 13 All songs and singers ………… is in this show are very beautiful 14 He never says anything ………… makes me unhappy 15 David drives so fast, ……………… is very dangerous II Choose the best answers: Anyone scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship A who has a B has a C who’s a D whose Florida, the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year A is B known as C is known as D that is known as Is this the address to you want the passage sent? A where B that C which D whom They expect that the new book will be bought by people interested in English history A √ B are C who D they are “Do you have the book the teacher?” A That it belongs to B to which belongs to C to which belongs D that belongs to “Were you able to locate the person wallet you found?” A which B that his C whose D that’s The movie last night was terrific A went B I went to C I went to it D that I went The rumor ………… we heard yesterday is not true A that B which C √ D all are correct I have seventeen students, most of speak English very well A who B those C whom D which 10 “Is Dr Brown the person you wish to speak?” A that B whom C to that D to whom 11 Sunday is that day ………… which we have a day off A during B at C in D on 12 “Have you ever met the man ………… over there? ” A stands B is standing C standing D who he stands 13 London is the city in ………… I was born A where B which C that D there 14 December 26th, 2005 was the day ………… the terrible tsunami happened A when B where C why D which 15 That was the reason ………… he didn’t marry her A when B why C Where D which III Rewrite the following sentences, use relative clause and add the comma “,” if necessary: I live in Croydon, it’s near London The detective knew all the answers He solved the mystery I met an old friend He told me all about a book he’d just read Len is giving a big party Len has finally found a new job He has arranged a staff meeting The meeting starts at 10 o’clock tomorrow My favorite film is Casablanca, made in 1942 The girls were hungry and decided to have a meal This is Brenda She lives upstairs Someone found the money and was given a reward 10 A simplified edition is easier to read than the original It’s shorter 11 Ms Fortune was a writer Her body was found in the cellar 12 This is Mr Smith His son Bill plays in our team 13 Someone made the arrangements It was Karen 14 That is Peter He is the “hot” boy in my school 15 A woman’s jewels were stolen A police officer was staying in the same hotel The woman was interviewed by him IV Reduce the relative clauses by using V-ing/V-ed/to V/ N-phrase/adj-phrase: Drivers who intend to take the car with them are advised to make early reservation We haven’t had an opportunity to think over the proposals that were made at the last meeting Three armed men crossed the river that marks the frontier We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on and the grass was too wet There are more than 50 proposals that will be discussed at the conference HITC is a high building which was built 15 years ago Neil Armstrong was the first man who set foot on the moon My papers are all over the place I wish I had a box that I could keep them in All aliens who are living in this country have been asked to register with the police 10 The chemist gave her the tablets, which were taken times daily 11 Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus 12 William, who is a lawyer and who wants to become a judge, works very hard 13 In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made of lemon juice, water and sugar 14 William Shakespeare’s father, who was a glove maker and a town official, owned a shop in Stratford upon Avon, which is a town about 75 miles northwest of London 15 I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next door to mine at the motel 16 Hundreds of volunteers went to a northern village yesterday to reinforce fire fighters who are trying to save a settlement which is threatened by a forest fire The fire started when a cigarette ignited oil, which was leaking from a machine which is used to cut timber 17 One of the most important foodstuffs in the world is flour, which is a fine powder that is made by grinding wheat or other grains 18 All students in university hope that they will get a job which is suitable for them/ 19 Whenever you need, I will everything that is necessary to help you 20 Uncle Ho, who is a great man of Vietnam, was born in Nghe An province Exercise 2: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning: A holiday in Scotland We spent our holiday in Scotland last year Scotland is in the north of Great Britain Last year we …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… People live in Scotland They are called Scots The people …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We first went to Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland We first ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories Arthur Conan Doyle ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Then we visited a lake It is in the Highlands The lake …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … Loch Ness is 37 km long People know it for its friendly monster Loch Ness ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… There we met an old man He told us that he had seen Nessie An old man …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We then travelled to a mountain The mountain is near the town of Fort William We then ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain It is called Ben Nevis The mountain ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I sent you a postcard It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis The postcard …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ... beautiful Hanoi, capital of Vietnam, is very beautiful RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISES I Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun or relative adverb: The place I went to school is a quiet... class There are many people having BA in my company To V The first The last The only + N + relative clause The very Superlatives Mệnh đề số lượng To V Ta rút gọn MĐQH có cụm giới từ, cụm tính... từ MĐQH hạn định Ex: Miss Parker we studied with last year is a very nice teacher V REDUCE RELATIVE CLAUSE Với V-ing (Chủ động) 1.1 Thì tiếp diễn: Ex: The woman who is sitting next to the window