Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008 Bài giảng Kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Phạm Tiến Dũng TP.HCM2008
BI GI1* KI0 SOT ễ NHI0 0é,751* KHễNG KH BIấN SO1 763+07,1'1* Tp HCM 02 - 2008 &+1* .+é1*.+ậ9ơ0é,751* I - KHI NI0&+81* 0é,751* : l tSKSWWFFiFWKnh phQYWFKWEDRTXDQKVYWFyNK QQJWiFQJQVWQWLY phỏt triQFDPLVLQKYWYWWKKD\VNLQ 0{LWUQJVQJFDFRQQJLO tng hSFiF\XWYWOờKyDKFNLQKW[ó hLEDRTXDQKFyQKKQJWLVVQJY phỏt triQFDWQJFiQKkQY cDWQJFQJ QJ0{LWUQJVQJFDORjLQJLO tWFQKQJJỡ cú v DQJGLQUDWURQJYWUY WKiLGQJK 0{LWUQJVQJFDFRQQJLFFKLDWKHRPFtFKY nLGXQJQJKLờn cX thnh: -0{L WUQJ WKLờn nhiờn: bao gP FiF \X W WKLrQ QKLrQ QK YW Oờ KyD KF FJLFKXQJOjP{LWUQJYWOờ Y sinh hFWQWLNKiFKTXDQtWFKXVFKLSKL cDFRQQJL -Mụi trQJ[ó hL JPFiFPLTXDQKWQJWiFJLDFRQQJLYjFRQQJL -0{LWUQJQKkQWR JPFiF\XWYWOờKyDKF[ó hLGRFRQQJLWRUD v chXVFKLSKLFDFRQQJL Cỏc thnh phQFDP{LWUQJOX{QWQWLGQJYQQJFKX\QKúa t nhiờn, diQUDWKHRFKXWUỡnh v thQJGQJFkQEQJ6FkQEQJQj\ó PERFKR sVQJSKiWWULQQQK.KLEPWFkQEQJGR[\UDFiFVFP{LWUQJVQJV vQQJY tROSVFkQEQJPLLXyVWiFQJWLFRQQJi v sinh vWSKP vi ton cXKD\WQJNKXYF 7URQJP{LWUQJWKLrQQKLrQWUiLWO bSKQQKKQJWUFWLSY rừ rWQKW tLFRQQJL9PWYWOờWUiLWFSKkQFKLDWKnh: -0{LWUQJW 7KFKTX\Q EDRJPOSWVkXFKQJy 80 km trờn lFD v yNPWUrQi\LGQJ7KjQKSKQKyDKFY tớnh chWYWOờFDQyWQJL QQKY cú QKKQJOQQVVQJ -0{LWUQJQF 7K\TX\Q O phQQFFDYWUiLWEDRJPELQ- hsụng - suL-QFQJPY bQJWX\W -Khớ quyQ P{LWUQJNKt O lSNK{QJNKtWUờn bPWWUiLW S&0é,751*O cỏc tai biQKD\ULURGRELQLEWWKQJFDWKLờn nhiờn hay quỏ trỡnh hoWQJFDFRQQJLOjPVX\WKRiLP{LWUQJQJKLờm trQJ ễ NHI00é,75NG l sELQLP{LWUQJWKHRKQJEWOLFKRFXF sQJ FD FRQ QJL Y h VLQK TX\Q s { QKLP y FKtQK GR KRW QJ FD FRQ QJLJk\UDYLTX\P{SKQJWKFY mFNKiFQKDXWUFWLSKD\JLiQWLSWiF QJ OjP WKD\ L P{ Kỡnh, thnh phQ KyD KF WtQK FKW YW Oờ Y sinh hF FD P{L WUQJ BL: l tQJFiF SKQWFKW UQNKXFKWiQ WURQJNK{QJNKtGREFXQYo, b tung vo ( vớ dQKGRPjLWFiWô Tựy theo bQFKWKyDKFYjNtFKWKFP hWELFyWKWQWLOkXWUong khụng khớ hay bKWUDNKLGũng khụng khớ Thụng thQJFiFKWELFyNtFKWKFd 10 Pm khuFK WiQ WURQJNK{QJNKtWKHRFKX\QQJ%UDR KD\ OQJYLYQ WFX [XQJW QrQFJLO bLED\ELOOQJôQKQJKWFyNtFKWKF!Pm lQJcú gia tF khụng khớ nờn cũn gLO bLOQJ NhQJKWELFFQKEWQJXQWVQJQJNWKLYWOLXKD\ED\Oờn tFiF phỏn QJKyDKFFũn FJLO fumes (mự) -61* l tQJKSFiFJLWFKWOQJSKkQWiQWURQJNK{QJNKtNKLQJQJKL chWOQJKD\FKWOQJESKXQEFXQYo khụng khớ -KHểI: bao gPFiFKWY{Fựng nhFiFERQKD\PKyQJKỡnh thnh quỏ trỡnh chỏy khụng hWQKLờn liXQKGXPWKDQFFôNKyLFKDFiFJLWFQJQKFiF hWNK{ -+, l dQJNKtWFiFFKWP bỡnh thQJFK~QJGQJUQKD\OQJ&K~QJ hũa trụn hon ton vLNK{QJNKtY cú thWUWKnh hQKSJk\Q -KH: lnhQJFKW GQJNKt Kũa trQ Yo khụng khớ Chỳng cú th WUY WUQJ thỏi rQKD\OQJLXNLQQKLWY ỏp suWQjRy -Phn tVQJ: l tQJKSFiFFWKVQJSKkQWiQWURQJNK{QJNKtQKYLNKXQ bo tnP II KHễNG KH: Nhõn loLKng ngy sQJY lm viFWURQJEXNK{QJNKtEDRTXDQKPỡnh Do v\OX{QOX{QFyPWWiFQJTXDOLJLDEXNK{QJNKtYjFRQQJLYtGQK WUDRL 2[\Yj&DFERQLF WUDRLQKLW Om phỏt sinh bLYjKLFô Thnh phQKyDKF Khụng khớ tQKLờn l mWKQKSEDRJPFiFWKnh phQKyDKFVDX BQJ-1: Thnh phQKyDKFFDNK{QJkhớ khụ: 1LW 78,09% ễ xy 20,94% Agon 0,93% Cac bụ nic 0.032% Nờ ụng 18 ppm Hờ li 5,2 ppm Mờ tan 1,3 ppm Kripton 1,0 ppm +\UR 0,5 ppm CO 0,1 ppm +LQF HQKSFDNK{QJNKtNK{YjKLQFWRWKnh khụng khớ P Thụng sYWOờFDNK{QJNKtP a NhiW l thụng s FK PF QyQJ OQK FD NK{QJ NKt 1y F R WUờn nhiWNY biXWKWUrQQYRWKQJJSOjEiFKSKkQYj 0F tớnh toỏn kWKXWQyFũn FWtQKEQJWX\WL0K NhiW NK{QJNKt[XQJTXDQK ELQ WKLờn liờn tF WKHR WKLJLDQ GRVWKD\ L cDFiF\XWNKtKXY sKRWQJFDFRQQJLk\FQJO thụng sFRY ghi nhQOLờn tFFiFWUPTXDQWUFNKtWQJ CQQKQELWPWYi loLQKLWVDX -NhiWNK{cDNK{QJNKtO nhiWRFEQJQKLWNWWUc tiSWURQJ NK{QJNKtFyFFKHFKQNNKLFiFQJXQEF[ -NhiWWcDNK{QJNKtPO nhiWRFEQJQKLWNFyEXFEDR quanh mWOSJFPQJWPWQF -NhiWEF[ l nhiWREQJQKLWNP bXFDQyWWURQJWkm cDTX cXNtQEQJQJFQKXPHQPWQJRi Cũn gLO nhiWNFXHQ EP -PWX\WL l thụng sFKOQJKLQFWURQJP3 khụng khớ Nú l mW LOQJSKWKXFYo nhiWNK{QJNKtY phõn ỏp suWKLQF3n (mm Hg) 1058 u Pn 1 t 1 273 7URQJy IPWX\WLJP3 t- nhiWNKLNK{QJNKt0C -Dung P l trQJOQJKLQFFKDWURQJNKLNK{QJNKtFySKQNK{O W d g / kg G (2) P P d 623u n 623u n g / kg Pk P PK G = kg TrQJOQJNKLNKtNK{ NJ f kg W-OQJKLPJ Pn- p suWULờng phQFDKLQFWURQJNK{QJNKtP Pk- p suWULờng phQFDNK{QJNKtNK{WURQJNK{QJNKtP P = Pn + Pk - p suWNKtTX\QWLYWUtNKRViW -PWQJL: Khụng khớ PWURQJPWLXNLQQKWQKYiSVXWY nhiWFKFKDF tLDPWOQJKLPQKWQK.KLTXiOQJyKLQFVQJQJWWKnh giWy l trQJWKiLERKũa hLQFFDNK{QJNKtP7URQJFựng mWiSVXW QJYLPL nhiWWDFyPWiSVXWULờng phQEóo hũa cDKLQFWURQJNKLNK{QJNKtP PWQJi cDNK{QJNKtPO tOJLDiSVXWULờng phQFDKLQF khớ PY ỏp suWULờng phQFDKLQFNKLNKLNKtó bóo hũa Fựng mWQKLW M 100 u Pn Pnbh % (3) Ta cú mLTXDQKJLDGXQJPYjPWQJL d 623 x M u Pnbh g/kg P Pnbh (4) c TrQJOQJULờng cDNK{QJNKtP l trQJOQJFDPWNKLNKtPFyWK WtFKOjQY J ka J kk 0,176 u M u Pnbh (5) Kg/m3 273 t 7URQJy Jkk TrQJOQJULờng cDNK{QJNKtNK{ 4XD k\ WD WK\ UQJ WURQJ Fựng mW QKLW v ỏp suW WUQJOQJ ULờng cD khụng khớ PQKKQWUQJOQJULờng cDNK{QJNKtNK{ P (6) kg/m3 273 t d NhiWGXQJFDNK{QJNKtP OjOQJQKLWFKDWURQJPWNKLNKtPFy phQNK{O kg J kk I 0,465 u 0,236 u t (597,3 0,44 u t ) u d 1000 Kcal/kg (7) BiX,-d hay tk tu cDNK{QJNKtP Trờn H-1 l biX,-d cDNK{QJNKtPiSVXWNKtTX\QPP+g BiX ELXWKTXDQKFDFiFWK{QJVFEQFDNK{QJNKtPQK WG,3hn , M Trờn biXFyFiFKQJ QJQJQKLW t=const QJRQQKLW I=const QJQJGXQJP d=const K{QJNKLWUrQQJEóo ho hLQF M=100% HoFWURQJPWVWUQJKSWtQKWSKQJWUỡnh lý thuyW Vớ d KLWGX)2FKD6OQJ622 sinh raQKVDX S + O2 = SO2 32,06 + x 16 = 64,06 KLWJ6WDVWKXFJ622.Trong tQGXFyFKDNJ6NKL WVVLQKUDOQJNKt622 l : (64,06 x 30) / 32,06 = 59,94 kg SO2 / t Nhỡn chung sOLXNLPWRiQQJXQWKLFú mFFKtQK[iFUWNKLờm tQ7X\ nhiờn sOLXQy rWFQFKRF{QJWiFTXQOờGEiRY kiPVRiW{QKLPP{LWUQJ 92&&+7é1+,07521*1*7+, ViF[iFQKOQJSKiWWKLFKWJk\{QKLPP{LWUQJNK{QJNKtWURQJQJ thL QKP PF tFK NLPWRiQ P{L WUQJWtQKNLP WUDSKiW WKL FKWJk\{QKLP WL YQJGLJLyFDQJWKL Y kiPWUDQQJFKWJk\{QKLPWURQJQJWKLYLFiF tiờu chuQSKiWWKLFKRSKpS ChWJk\{QKLPP{LWUQJNK{QJNKtFyUWQKLXORLWX\WKFKSKkQOm hai loLNKLWLQKjQKRFyO: BLY cỏc chWGQJKLNKt RQQJELWURQJQJWKL BLO cỏc hWUQNKX\FKWiQWURQJGũng khớ cú khLOQJY trQJOQJULờng khỏc nhiXYLP{LWUQJNKt.KLFKX\QQJWURQJGũng khớ, hWELFKXFKLSKLUW nhiXFDFiFOFTXiQWtQKOFOờWkPY lFPDViWYLGũng khớ nờn l\PXNKt [iFQKQQJELFQSKLFyFiF\ờu cXULờng RFQQJELWURQJQJWKLWKQJSKLWLQKnh l\PXNKtOQELW ng thLYjDUDFiFWKLWESKkQWtFKWQJRi QJ6KWKQJQKVDX /XOQJN QJO\PX QJWKL Mỏy hỳt khớ BOFQF BWKXKWEL + 6NKLKWKQJRFQQJFKW{QKLPWURQJQJWKL QJ O\ PX WKQJ O mW QJ WUũn rQJ EQJ NLP ORL QK QJ KD\ ,12; Fy QJNtQKFhQJaPPPWXWKQJFXQFRQJ o cũn XNLDWKQJ v nLYLQJGQNKtK~WYFiFWKLWENKiF.KLWKXPX EL XQJXQFRQJ FKQJVDRFKRPLQJQJYX{QJJyFYLFKLXLWLFDGũng khớ XQJO\PXELFyFXWRF biWPpSQJFyFQKYiWVFOm giPGũng ch\ULSKiWVLQKWLXQJQKKQJWLNWTXR BWKXKWELQKLWWKQJO cỏc mng lFKLXTXFDRWKXFiFKWELWURQJ dũng khớ thu F%QJFiFKVRViQKWUQJOQJPjQJWUFY sau lFQJLWD 17 FyFOQJELWKXFWUờn mng lFY tyELWFQQJELWURQJQJ thL.KLNKtWKLFyQKLWFDRQJLWDSKLGựng cỏc loLPng lFEQJYWOLX FELWKRFSKQJSKiSNKiF Hỡnh 2: Hỡnh dQJXO\PXELWURQJQJY QKKQJFDWFO\PXWLNW qu BOFKWQFO thiWEERYFiFSKQWWLSWKHRWUờn hWKQJWUiQKEFiFWiF QJ[XFDQFQJQJWURQJKWKQJNKLRFNKtWKLFDOũ W1yVNK{QJ cQWKLWQXRGũng khớ thLFyQKLWYjPNK{QJFDRFiFQJWKLNKtFDK thQJK~WEL /XOQJNO thiWEFQWKLWFKEiRYjLXFKQKOXOQJNKtK~WWURQJK thQJYỡ XYjROXOQJNWKQJJQOLQYLYDQLXFKQKOXOQJNKt 0i\K~WNKtOjPi\K~WNK{QJNKtWK{QJWKQJFyOXOQJY ỏp suWK~W\ờu cXFKRKWKQJ Ngoi cỏc thiWEFEQNWUờn, tiQKjQKRQJLWDFũn phLFyWKờm nhiWN RQKLWGũng khớ v QJKEPWKLJLDQKD\WLPHUWyQJQJWKWKQJR QKOQJOQJNKtWKLó hỳt 1LO\PXELWURQJQJWKLFQFKQO mWFWFyGũng ch\XWUờn ton mWFW QJDQJPERQQJELFQJQJXWLPLLP0WFWQKWKWKQJFy vWUtNKRQJ FKLXGjLFiF oQ QJWKQJQJQP JLDFiFFKLWLW F~WLWLW diQKD\FKFEDôPWNKRQJFiFKaOQQJNtQKQJ 7UFNKLRFQQJELWURQJQJWKLQKWWKLWSKLELWWFGũng khớ mWFWPXQRFEQJFiFKRFKD\WtQKWOXOQJKWKQJó biWk\O yX tFyWtQKTX\WQKWLNWTXRFYỡ muQFyNWTX~QJQKWKFWWKỡ tF dũng khớ L YjR X QJ O\ PX EL SKL YD EQJ YL WF Gũng khớ L ErQ QJRjL FJLO chQJWF FKQJWFyFiFKWELVNK{QJELKQJGL chuyQNKLLTXDPWFWFyXQJO\PX1XWFWURQJXQJO\PXQKKQ tF Eờn ngoi s VLQK UD KLQ WQJ U Gũng khớ WUF X QJO\ PX EL +LQ WQJQy sOm giPVKWELLYo tURQJXQJO\PX7URQJWUQJKSQJF lLWFWURQJXQJO\PXOQKQWFEờn ngoi sVLQKUDKLQWQJWKXGũng khớ WUFXQJO\PXEL+LQWQJQy sOjPWQJVKWELLYjRWURQJX QJO\PX1KQJKLQWQJysOm sai lFNWTXRF /XOQJNKtO\PXRWUrQOXWFNFWtQKQKVDX L 7URQJy v u f u 60000 L /XOQJO\PX OtWSK~W 18 l/ph v TFGũng khớ tronbg QJ PV f TiWGLQQJDQJXO\PX P2 ) Vớ d QJNKyLFyQJNtnh D=320 mm ThLNKyLFyOXOQJ/ P3/h Tớnh OXOQJO\PXQKVDX TFNKtWURQJQJNKyL 3500 12,1 m/s 0,32 u S 3600 u VLQJNtQKXO\PXG PP/XOQJNKtO\PXFQWKLWO: v S u 0,012 l 12,1 u u 60 000 57 l/ph Chỳ ý: LQJNKtO\PXNK{QJSKLOjOQJNKtDYjRF{ng thFWtQKQQJ bLYỡ sNKiFELWYQKLW.KLWtQKQQJELSKLWKờm vo hVKLXFKQKQKLW NKtWKLWURQJFKRFNKiFoC 6NKLTX\WUỡnh RFQKKỡnh vVDX Gi\OF S\NK{ QJWKL XO\ mX QJXL Cõn BOFKW bL S\NK{ QJXL BWiFK hWQF Cõn Van /XOQJ k Mỏy hỳt khớ + 6NKLRQQJELWURQg QJWKL RQQJKLNKtFWURQJng thL Cỏc chW{QKLPGQJKLYjNKtNKX\FKWiQWWWURQJNK{QJNKtQờn di chuyQ QJWKLQQJFKW{QKLPQJXWURQJWRn bNK{QJJLDQQJWKL9ỡ th viFRFQQJFKW{QKLPWURQJQJWKLWQJWQKRWURQJP{LWUQJNK{QJ khớ xung quanh VWUtO\PXQờn PWFWQJDQJQJFyGũng ch\XQXO\ mXFyWKFyKQJEWNY l\PXPLWF/XOQJNKtO\PXSKLWXkQWK 19 FiFWKQJTX\NWKXWFKX\rQQJjQKFELWNKLRKL NKtFyQQJFDRWKỡ phL qua hSWKXQKLXEFFyJLiWURJQYLWKFW QJWKL XO\ mX Dung dFK hSSK BKS thu khớ BKS thu khớ BKS thu khớ XOờ mX Van Mỏy so mu /XOQJ k Mỏy hỳt khớ + 6NKLRQQJKLNKtFWURQJQJWKL 20 &+1*,,, KHU&+7ẩ1&+7é1+,07521*0é,751*.+ậ I- CHUY1,97&+77521*0é,75NG KHễNG KH: 7KHRQKOXWER WRn vW FKW WKỡ vW FKW FKELQ L tGQJQy sang dQJ khỏc, di chuyQWQLQj\VDQJQLNKiFFKNK{QJWVLQKUDKD\PWL Gi WKLW UQJ WD Fy PWNKX YF QJKLờn cX Fy PW JLL KQ QjR y YtG QK NK{QJNKtWURQJFQSKũng hay khụng khớ trờn khu {WKô0WFKWWKHRGũng khụng NKtLYjRNKXYFQJKLờn cXV[\UDFiFWỡnh huQJ -BWLờu h\WURQJNK{QJJLDQy (biQWKnh chWNKiF -Tớch l\OLWURQJNK{QJJLDQyPjNK{QJWKD\LWtQKFKW -LUDNKLNKXYFQJKLờn cXPjNK{QJWKD\LWtQKFKW Tuõn theo quy luWERWRn vWFKWWDFy /QJLYjR OQJFKWWLờu h\OQJFKWWtFKO\OQJFKWLUD Trong tQKLờn, khụng phLFKWQo cQJWXkQWK~QJFiFTXiWUỡnh ny Do v\ FK~QJWDFyFiFWUQJKSVDX A-HWKQJERWRn vWFKWQQK: k\OjWUQJKSQJLQQKW.K{QJJLDQQJKLờn cXNK{QJ[\UDFiFWUQJ hSWLờu h\KD\WtFKWFKW{QKLP.KLyWDFy /QJFKWLYjR OQJFKWLUD (16) 7UQJKSQy ch[\UDWURQJWUQJKSKWKQJQJKLờn cXNK{QJFyKD\Fy khQQJWtFKO\KD\WLờu h\FKW{QKLPQKNK{QJiQJN -VD: khụng gian cDSKũng A thụng vLSKũng kErQ%Yj&.K{QJNKtLYjR phũng A tSKũng B vLOXOQJ/B v nQJ&22 l CB v khụng khớ tSKũng C vL OXOQJ/FY nQJ&22 l Cc Khụng khớ tSKũng A FTXWK~WWKLUDQJũai V\OQJNKtSKLK~WUDQJRi v nQJ&22 NKtWKLO bao nhiờu ? NX FK~QJ WD WKD QKQ k\ O h WKQJ ER WRn Q QK QJKD Oj OX OQJ NK{QJNKtYjOQJ&22LUDNKLSKũng A phLEQJOQJLYo Do v\ L = LB + Lc LxC = LBxCB + LcxCc C L B u CB L Cu C C L (17) B-HWKQJYWFKWQQKNK{QJERWRn: Trờn thFWFKW{QKLPSKiWWiQWURQJNK{QJNKtWKQJWKDPJLDFiFSKQQJ húa hFVLQKKFQrQOQJYWFKWNK{QJFERWRn quỏ trỡnh phỏt tỏn .KLyELXWKFFDKWKQJVSKLO: /QJLYjR /QJLUD/QJEWLờu h\ NX FKR UQJ FKW { QKLP SKkQ E QJ X WURQJ NK{QJ JLDQ QJKLờn cX Y OQJFKWEWLờu h\WOYLOQJFKW{QKLPFyWURQJNK{QJ gian nghiờn cXWDFy thYLWQKVDX /QJEWLờu h\ .&9 8) VL .- hVWLờu h\FKW{QKLPOX{QPDQJGXkP -) C- nQJFKW{QKLPWURQJNK{QJJLDQ[pW V- thWtFKNK{QJJLDQ[pW Xột biQ WKLrQ OQJ FhW { QKLP WKHR WKL JLDQ WD Fy WK YLW SKQJWUỡnh vi phõn: dC K u C (19) dt 21 GiLSKQJWUỡnh vi phõn trờn , ta cú : C (20) CO u e kt 7URQJy Co-NQJFKW{QKLPWLWKLLPEWX[pWW 3KQJWUỡnh biQWKLờn nQJWKHRWKLJLDQQy cho ta th\ 1QJFKW{ nhiPFKEQJNK{QJNKLWKLJLDQNpRGi vụ tQ&o to v KWTXO biXWKFWRiQKFFDKWKQJQQKNK{QJERWRn l: /QJQKLPYjR /QJ{QKLP.&9 -VD: mW SKũng hỳt thuF Fy WK WtFK P3 Fy OQg thL NKt IRUPDOGHK\GH (HCHO) tNKyLWKXFOiO 140mg/h Phũng FWK{QJJLyYLOXOQJP3/h Hay [iF QK QQJ IRUPDOGHK\GH WURQJ NK{QJ NKt QX FKR UQJ K V FKX\Q L formaldehyde thnh CO2 l 0.4 h-1 GiWKLWUQJQQJIRUPDOGHK\GHQJXWURQJSKũng v bQJQQJWURQJ khớ khLSKũng C Ta cú thYLWELXWKFWRiQFKRKWKQJQKVDX /QJLYjR OQJLUD.&9 140 = 1000 x C + 0.4 x 500 x C 140 = 1200 x C o C = 0.117 mg/m3 C-HWKQJNK{QJERWRn vWFKWY khụng QQK Trong thFWFK~QJWDJSUWQKLXP{Kỡnh LXNLQNK{QJQQKWFO cú sOXWQFKW{QKLPWURQJNK{QJJLDQ[pW%QWKkQVSKiWWKLFKW{QKLPY OQJNK{QJNKtLTXDNK{QJJLDQ[pWOLờn tFELQLWKHRWKLJLDQ7URQJWUQJKS yQJLWDWỡm cỏch QJLQEjLWRiQFyWKJLLF0{Kỡnh toỏn cDKWKQJ ny cú dQJFEQO: /QJLYjR /QJLUD/QJOXWQ/QJSKkQK\ II- CC Y8 7 1+ +NG TI S +8&+ 7ẩ1 &+T ễ NHI0 TRONG KH QUYN: A/Cỏc yXWNKtKX 1-QKKQJFDJLy Giú gõy cỏc dũng ch\ULNK{QJNKtOSViWPWW1KFyJLyFKW{QKLP FNKXFKWiQUQJUDOm cho nQJFKW{QKLPJLP[XQJUWQKLXVRYLEDQ X*LyO nhõn tFELWTXDQWUQJ viFNKXFKWiQELYjKLKyDFKWQQJKQ khụng khớ Giú cú thNKXFKWiQFKW{QKLPOm giPQQJEDQXYỡ nú thQJJk\ cỏc dũng ch\ULFDNK{QJNKtViWPWW.KiFYLFiFGũng ch\WQJ[XWKLQNKL giú yXGũng ch\ULFDNK{QJNKtFFWUQJEQJYLF[iRWUQFiFSKQWNKt cỏc lSViWFQKQKDX'RFiF[iRWUQQy, cỏc phQWFKW{QKLPFQJFQKDQK chúng di chuyQVDQJFiFOSNK{QJNKtOkQFQ.WTXO sNKXFKWiQFKW{QKLP mQKPKQKLXTXKQ PhL JKL QKQ UQJ JLy OX{Q OX{Q Fy [X KQJ WKD\ L FKLX WKL WL Y tF thL0FGự cú nhQJWKQJNờ theo dừi chWFKFKRSKpS[iFQKFiFJLiWUYjSKQJ KQJ WF WKL FQJ QK WQ VXW PL FS JLy Yj KQJ JLy9LF [HP [pW KQJ JLy nhPSKFYFKRPFtFKTX\KRFKYWUtQJXQWKLFWUiQKFKRQJXQWKLFKW{ nhiPQJXKQJJLyFKRFiFNKXGkQFFiFF{QJWUỡnh quan trQJ 2- PYjPD 22 7URQJLXNLQFyPOQFiFKWELVGtQKNWYo thnh hWOQYjUL nhanh xuQJW7X\Y\FiFYLVLQKYWWURQJNK{QJNKtSKiWWULQQKDQKFKyQJEiP theo cỏc hWELNKXFKWiQUQJ[XQJFKLXGLJLy 0DFyWiFGQJUDVFKP{LWUQJNKt+WPDNpRWKHRKWELKSWKXPW s FKW { QKLP Yj UL [XQJ W 'R y FiF Yựng khụng khớ cú chD FKW { QKLP nhiXQFPDFQJPDQJWKHRFKW{QKLPOm QKKQJWLP{LWUQJWYjQF SKtDGL 7URQJFQPDOSNK{QJNKtWUờn cao trỳt cỏc hWQF[XQJWKjQKPDQrQFy [XKQJQyQJOrQQJFOLQFPDUL[XQJPWWVEFKLWKXQKLWFDPW WY lSNK{QJNKtViWPWWQờn cú th[\UDKLQWQJQJKFKQKLWNK{QJFyOL cho viFNKXFKWiQFKW{QKLPYo khụng khớ B- QKKQJFDDKỡnh, nh cD 1- Khỏi niPFKXQJ Khi cú mWOXQJJLyGLFKX\QVRQJVRQJYLPWWYjYDYjRWQJFKQYX{QJ gúc vLFKLXJLyPWWUFWQJNK{QJNKtEGQQpQOLOjPWQJiSVXWWQKFD khụng khớ tLy$SVXWWQKQj\Fy[XKQJ\Gũng giú lờn cao MWVDXEFWQJ giú bFQOLOm ỏp suWWQKJLP[XQJ.WTXO mWYựng xoỏy quQ[XWKLQ VDXWQJFKQNpRGi theo chiXJLyWLPWNKRQJFiFKQjRyWUrQPWWWLyJLy mLO\OLFYQWFYjKQJF9ựng xoỏy quQQj\FJLO vựng búng rS NKtQJFDWQJFKQ Qua nghiờn cXQJLWDó xỏc QKFEyQJUSNKtQJFDWQJFKQFy chiXFDRKQKKỡnh vVDX 7URQJYQJEyQJNKtQJWFGLFKX\QFDJLyUWQKNK{QJNKtWUDRLYL khụng khớ vựng xung quanh kộm dJk\FiFKiQWQJWtFKWFKW{QKLP L/h H/h H 2-1: Quy luWEyQJNKtQJVDXWQJFKQ 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.4 LYLQK cDQJFOSGRFyFiF{YQJOFDWK{QJJLyQờn quy luWFD búng rSNKtQJFySKQ QjRWKD\LWKHR [XKQJJLPFKLXFDRY chiX[DFD vựng búng rSNKtQJ Khi cú nhiXF{QJWUỡnh nLWLSQKDXWKHRFKLXJLyF{QJWUỡnh phớa trFVQK KQJQF{QJWUỡnh phớa sau Quy luWFDEyQJUSNKtQJFQJVLNKiF [iFQK~QJEyQJUSNKtQJFDQKjQJLWDOm mụ hỡnh v xem xột QJ NKtQJKD\PiQJWK\OF 6DXk\OjPWYjLWUQJKSQJLQó FQJKLờn cX 23 1KjQJFOSFyFKLXQJDQJKS 1KjFFRLOjFQJFOSQXSKtDXJLyFDQJụi nh, cụng trỡnh cao nhWFyNKRQJFiFKWLQyWLWKLXO tLOQFKLXFDR3KtDGLJLyFDQJ{LQK khoQJQOQFKLXFDRQK khụng cú ngụi nh no kFQ 1Kj F [HP Fy FKLX QJDQJ KS NKL FKLX QJDQJ QK nh KQ KRF EQJ chiXFDR.KLyEyQJNKtQJFDQJ{LQK cú chiXFDRKY chiXGi 6h phớa sau v trờn ngụi nh.(hỡnh a) 1KjQJFOSFyFKLXQJDQJUQJ Khi chiXQJDQJEOQKQK%yQJNKtQJFDQK gPKDLNKXYFQKKỡnh v 1Kj QJJQQKDX JLyWKL Yo khu nh thỡ khụng gian giD KDLGóy nh sFy vựng giú quQ1XQKj X JLyFyFKLX QJDQJKSWKỡ vựng giú quQ FyFKLX Gi 8h NXQK rQJWKỡ mWSKQPiLQK khụng nPWURQJYựng quQJLy 2- QKKQJFDDKỡnh vLVSKkQWiQFKW{QKLP FiFYQJDKỡnh khụng bQJSKQJFyLFyJũ viFSKkQWiQFKW{QKLP cú biXKLQSKWKXFYjRDKỡnh rWUừ nột bLYỡ phõn bKQJY tFJLyUWNKiF so vLDKỡnh vựng bQJSKQJ[XWKLQFiFYựng xoỏy quQGLFiF lQJVkXSKtD VDX FiF L Jũ dF FQJ QK Fy WK Fy FiF OXQJ Jiú lQK WUW GF WKHR FiF WULQ dF xuQJFiFWKXQJOQJ Vỡ v\NKL[HP[pWNKQQJSKiWWiQFKW{QKLPFiFYựng ny cQSKL[HP xột vWKWKFWFDQLWQJXQthLYLFiFLXNLQJLyDSKQJFKNK{QJWK dựng sOLXFKXQJFDWRn khu vFFKRjLNKtWQJWK{QJEiR VD: CWKO nh mỏy nhiWLQ1LQK%ỡnh thiWNNK{QJOQJKWF LXNLQDKỡnh nờn ó gõy ụ nhiPP{LWUQJFKRWKxó Ninh Bỡnh vo giú Nam {QJ1DP 24 III-3+1* 3+ẩ3 7ậ1+ 72ẩN S +8CH TN CH7 é 1+,0 7521*0é,75NG KH A Phõn loLFiFQJXQWKLFKW{QKLP 1-Theo chiXFDRQJXQWKLFKW{QKLP NguQWKLWKS l nguQWKLWWURQJYựng búng khớ QJFDF{QJWUỡnh hay thSKQFKLXFDRJLLKQQKVDX -VLQK cú chiXQJDQJKSQJFOS +gh = 0,36 x b1 + 2,5 x H -VLQK cú chiXQJDQJUQJQJFOS +gh = 0,36 x b1 + 1,7 x H -VLQKyPQK: Hgh = 0,36 x( b1 + X ) + H b1-KhoQJFiFKWWQJKXWLQJXQWKL X-khoQJFiFKFiFQKyPQK H-chiXFDRQJXQWKL NguQWKLFDR : l nguQWKLFy+!+JK -7KHRNtFKWKFQJXQ NguQLP L nguQFyNtFKWKFQKJQWURQJNK{QJJLDQQKFiFQJWKL hay QJNKyLô NguQQJ L nguQ WKL FKW {QKLPNpR Gi trờn mWPW SKQJ1K FD mỏi nh cụng nghiSô NguQGLQ: L nguQWKLFKW{QKLPWULXWUờn mWPWSKQJ NguQNK{QJJLDQ L nguQWKLFKW{QKLPWULXWURQJPWNK{QJJLDQ -Theo nhiWNKtWKLSKkQWKnh: NguQQyQJ tQJWKLQLKLOũ nung, NguQQJXL tQJWKLFiFKWKQJWK{QJJLy - Theo bQFKWFKW{QKLP NguQWKLKLYjNKt NguQWKLELFKDF[OờWL NguQWKLELó F[OờWL B 3KQJWUỡnh vi phõn cEQNKuFKWiQFKW{QKLPYjRP{LWUQJNKt Ta xột mWQJWKLFKW{QKLPYo khụng khớ FDRKGLWiFGQJFDJLy luQJNKtWKLTXDPLQJQJVEXQFRQJWKHRFKLXJLyQJWKLFKRWiFGQJ[iR trQY khuFKWiQFDNK{QJNKt[XQJTXDQKYLOXQJNKtWKLUDWLWGLQOXQJNKtGQ dQFPUQJUDQKWKjQKPWFKLFORDWRWKnh mWKỡnh khúi theo chiXJLyW miQJQJWKL&iFFKW{QKLPODQFKX\QFK\XWURQJYWNKyLQy cú nQJFDR nhWWkPOXQJY giPGQWKHRFKLu di chuyQWLELờn cDYWNKyLWUFiFKWEL NtFKWKFOQSKkQO\NKLGũng khớ thLYjULJQFKkQQJWKL1JLWDTXDQViWWK\ gúc mUQJFDYWNKyLWURQJSKPYL 20o NX W PWK WUFWDFyWkPWLWkPQJNKyL WUF2]WKHRFhiX FDRQJ khúi v Ox trựng theo chiXJLyWKL2\WKHRSKQJYX{QJJyFYL2[WUờn mWSKQJ nPQJDQJPWW*LWKLWUQJk\O hQQKY bRWRn vLJLyWKLVRQJVRQJYL mWWTaylor (1915) v Schmidt (1917) xõy dQJOờWKX\WNKXFKWỏn chWNKtY bLO lQJWURQJNK{QJNKtYLSKQJWUỡnh vi phõn tQJTXiWQKVDX wC wC w Đ wC ã w Đ wC ã w Đ wC ã áá ă k z u 21 uu ă kx u ăă k y u wx wx â wx wy â wy wz â wt wz 7URQJy C_ NQJFKW{QKLPWURQJNK{QJNKt x,y,z_ TDLP[pW k_ HVNKXFKWiQULWKHRFiFSKQJ[\] u_ TFJLy 25 1P 6XWWRQ2*GDWKHROờWKX\WFD7D\ORUY cho rQJVSKkQEQQJ FKW{QKLPWURQJTXiWUỡnh lan toWXkQWKHROXWSKkQEFKXQ*DXVVYjDUDNW qu ê Đ ã M y2 z2 ă u exp 22 ... +BLJkQKLPF FKỡ, thQJkQ +BLJkGQJ ELE{QJJDLSKQKRDO{QJWK~YW ô +BLJkQKLPWUựng +BLJk[SKL ELWKDQDQLQJVLOtF ô BLFũn gõy tỏc hL WLPi PyFWKLWEWQJKDR Pũn, tQJWF QPũn... WiQ WURQJNK{QJNKtWKHRFKXQQJ%UDR KD OQJYLYQ WFX [XQJW QrQFJLO bLEDELOOQJôQKQJKWFyNtFKWKF!Pm lQJcú gia tF khụng khớ nờn cũn gLO bLOQJ NhQJKWELFFQKEWQJXQWVQJQJNWKLYWOLXKDEDOờn... gPFiFKWY{Fựng nhFiFERQKDPKyQJKỡnh thnh quỏ trỡnh chỏy khụng hWQKLờn liXQKGXPWKDQFFôNKyLFKDFiFJLWFQJQKFiF hWNK{ -+, l dQJNKtWFiFFKWP bỡnh thQJFK~QJGQJUQKDOQJ&K~QJ