02 04 integrating evidence presentation

INTEGRATING EVIDENCE Data, Quotation, Paraphrase, Summar y WHY DO ACADEMIC WRITERS USE EVIDENCE? Research Advance Knowledge Make Arguments Variety USING EVIDENCE EFFECTIVELY ¡ H onest & Generous ¡ Framed (Sandwich) ¡ C onnected ¡ U seful USING EVIDENCE EFFECTIVELY ¡  Deployed with disciplinary awareness ¡  Varied in length, placement, framing, etc ¡  Engineered as appropriate by abridgement, brackets, ellipsis, etc ¡  Attributed Accurately ¡  Cited Correctly DATA AS EVIDENCE ¡ D ata provides information to readers on experiment/study ¡ V isual: graphs, tables, charts, images T h e w r i te r s C o m e r s a m p l e d h a d t h e fo l l ow i n g r a te s o f c o n f i d e n c e i n w r i t i n g : Source: Comer 2011, p 97 Her findings suggest that most people have strong feelings about their confidence as writers FAQS ABOUT DATA ¡  Can’t the data speak for itself? Why I have to explicate it? ¡  Why writers need to include all the data? Isn’t it providing too much information? ¡  What happens if my data not support my hypothesis, conclusion, or argument? ¡  How should I best depict my data? QUOTES ¡  Quotes take language directly from another text or person §  Comer argues, “[R]eading and responding to other people’s writing … makes you a stronger writer” (32) Her argument echoes what several other writers have suggested Atkin, for instance, … §  Comer hopes that all writers can get “valuable and meaningful” (83) feedback FAQS ABOUT QUOTES ¡ How many quotes should I include? ¡ Where should I put quotes in my writing? ¡ What is the difference between quoting and paraphrasing? ¡ How I cite quotes? PARAPHRASE AS EVIDENCE ¡  Enables you to succinctly draw on another’s point ¡  Specific moment in a text §  Comer suggests that a number of factors shape writing expectations: culture (38); age (142); disciplinary lens (150); and environment (180) One that she neglects to mention is medium FAQS ABOUT PARAPHRASING ¡ What is the difference between summary and paraphrase? ¡ Why would I paraphrase when I could quote or summarize? ¡ Do I need to cite paraphrases? ¡ How I cite paraphrases? SUMMARY AS EVIDENCE ¡  Condenses large amounts of material into less ¡  Enables you to draw briefly on others’ work §  Many scholars of writing studies have argued for the importance of self-reflection (Atkin; Comer; Vidra; Mueller; Font; Erol) In his article, “Self-Reflection is Important,” Miller points out the negative impact of a lack of self-reflection My project builds on this work by bringing format into consideration: What are the best formats for writerly selfreflection? FAQS ABOUT SUMMARY ¡ Do I need to cite summaries? ¡ How long should my summaries be? ¡ Can summary include data, quotes, and/or paraphrase? ¡ What is the difference between summary and paraphrase?