FOCUS ON PHYSICAL SCIENCE (2)

Introduction to Investigation and Experimentation 9.a, 9.b, 9.c, 9.e, 9.f, 9.g What is science? 9.b Tools of the Physical Scientist 9.a, 9.b, 9.c, 9.e, 9.f, 9.g Case Study: Wind Turbines for the Birds 34 9.a, 9.c, 9.f Unit Motion and Forces 42 Chapter California Standards Motion 44 Lesson Determining Position 48 1.a Lesson Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration 56 1.b, 1.c, 1.d, 1.e, 9.b, 9.f Lesson Graphing Motion 64 1.f, 9.d, 9.e Standards Assessment 82–83 Chapter Forces 84 Lesson Combining Forces 88 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 9.g Lesson Types of Forces 96 2.d Lesson Unbalanced Forces and Acceleration 106 2.d, 2.e, 2.f, 9.a, 9.d Standards Assessment 124–125 Chapter Density and Buoyancy 126 Lesson Density 130 8.a, 8.b, 9.f Lesson Pressure and the Buoyant Force 140 8.c Lesson Sinking and Floating 150 8.d, 9.f Standards Assessment 164–165 Read on Your Own 166 Unit Test 167 Spiny box fish vii Unit Structure of Matter 168 Chapter California Standards Understanding the Atom 170 Lesson Atoms—Basic Units of Matter 174 3.a Lesson Discovering Parts of the Atom 182 3.a Lesson Elements, Isotopes, and Ions—How Atoms Differ 195 3.f, 7.b, 9.e Standards Assessment 212–213 Chapter Combining Atoms and Molecules 214 Lesson How Atoms Form Compounds 218 3.a, 3.b, 3.f Lesson Forming Solids 230 3.b, 3.c, 7.c, 9.a, 9.e Standards Assessment 248–249 Atomic force micrograph of yttrium oxide molecules viii Chapter California Standards States of Matter 250 Lesson Solids, Liquids, and Gases 254 3.d, 3.e Lesson Changes in States of Matter 261 3.d, 3.e, 9.e, 9.g Standards Assessment 284–285 Chapter The Periodic Table and Physical Properties 286 Lesson Organization of the Periodic Table 290 3.f, 7.a Lesson Isotopes and Radioactivity 301 7.a, 7.b, 9.e Lesson Physical Properties and Changes 313 5.d, 7.c, 9.a Standards Assessment 328–329 Read on Your Own 330 Unit Test 331 Unit Chemical Interactions 332 Chapter Chemical Reactions 334 Lesson Chemical Properties and Changes 338 3.f, 5.a, 7.c Lesson Chemical Equations 346 3.b, 3.f, 5.b Lesson Energy and Chemical Changes 358 5.c, 9.a, 9.e Standards Assessment 374–375 Dry ice sublimating Chapter California Standards Acids and Bases in Solution 376 Lesson Solutions 380 7.c, 9.e Lesson Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions 394 5.e, 9.a, 9.b, 9.e Standards Assessment 416–417 Chapter 10 Chemistry of Living Systems 418 Lesson Chemistry of Life 422 6.b, 6.c Lesson Carbon Compounds 428 3.c, 6.a, 6.b Lesson Compounds of Life 438 6.c, 9.c Standards Assessment 452–453 Read on Your Own 454 Unit Test 455 Unit Earth in Space 456 Chapter 11 Our Solar System 458 Lesson Structures of the Solar System 462 2.g, 4.c, 4.d, 4.e Lesson The Sun-Earth-Moon System 472 4.d Lesson The Planets and Their Moons 478 4.d, 4.e, 9.e Lesson Asteroids, Comets, and Meteoroids 489 4.c, 4.e, 9.a Standards Assessment 502–503 The Sun x Chapter 12 California Standards Stars and Galaxies 504 Lesson Stars 508 4.b, 4.c, 4.d Lesson How Stars Shine 519 2.g, 4.d Lesson Galaxies 528 4.a, 4.b, 4.c, 9.d Standards Assessment 544–545 Read on Your Own 546 Unit Test 547 At-Home Standards Practice 548 Galaxy NGC 3310 as viewed through the Hubble telescope xi Student Resources 570 Science Safety Skill Handbook 572 Technology Skill Handbook 575 Math Skill Handbook Math Review 579 Science Applications 589 Reference Handbook Using a Calculator 594 Understanding Scientific Terms 595 Science Reference Guide 597 Physical Science Reference Tables 598 Periodic Table of the Elements 600 English/Spanish Glossary 602 Index 614 Credits 624 The Japanese bullet train can travel at speeds up to 260 km/h xii To view BrainPOP Movies go to ca8.msscience.com The features listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content BrainPOP Movies Title Chapter-Lesson Acceleration 1-2 Newton’s Laws of Motion 2-1 Atomic Model 4-2 Isotopes 4-3 Matter Changing State 6-1 States of Matter 6-2 Property Changes 8-1 Acids and Bases 9-2 Tides 11-2 Solar System 11-3 xiii The features listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content Chapter/ Science & Page Career Science & Technology Science & History Science & Society Automobile Designer GPS Shows the Way Galileo and Scientific Theories Henry Ford and the Assembly Line Rocket Scientist Hi-Tech Roller Coasters Isaac Newton: Bestselling Author? What keeps a bridge from falling down? Can ice cubes sink in water? Biodiesel Cannery Row Los Angeles Smog Chien-Shiung Wu Nuclear Power Three Mile Island Accident Dropping the Atomic Bomb CFCs and the Ozone Layer Sweeter Than Sugar 242–243 Discovering DNA’s Structure The Human Genome Project New and Improved World Record Holder Statistical Matters A Cool Way To Go The Chemistry of Color Superconductors Uses of Lead in History Fluoridation of Drinking Water Hazardous Materials Specialist Green Chemistry at Work Soft Drinks, Erasers, and More The Nose Knows Yuan T Lee Acid Rain Prevention Gilbert N Lewis Acetylsalicylic Acid Something in the Air Now, Spit! What you mean by that? Labeling Trans Fat Designing the New Generation of Spacecraft The Search for ExtraSolar Planets Johannes Kepler’s Revolutionary Laws Deadly Impact Kepler’s Supernova Watching the Heat 76–77 118–119 158–159 206–207 278–279 322–323 368–369 410–411 10 446–447 11 496–497 12 538–539 xiv Stephen Hawking: An Adaptive Optics Extraordinary Mind Labs California Standards Chapter A Homemade Hydrometer 156–157 Chapter Growing Crystals 240–241 Chapter Does change of state take longer for some liquids? 276–277 Chapter Investigating Physical Changes 320–321 Chapter 10 Polarity and Living Systems 444–445 Chapter 11 Model the Solar System 494–495 8.d, 9.f 3.c, 9.a 9.e 7.c, 9.a 6.c, 9.c 4.c, 9.a Design Your Own Labs Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 12 Graphing Motion 74–75 Comparing Mass and Weight 116–117 Build an Atom 204–205 Dirty Jewelry 366–367 Solubility and pH 408–409 A Star is Born 536–537 1.f, 9.e 2.d, 9.a, 9.d 3.a 5.a, 9.a 5.e, 9.a, 9.e 4.b, 4.d xv California Standards Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 How you get there from here? 45 Can you feel the force? 85 Can you push the beach ball under water? 127 What’s in the box? 171 What structures made of atoms look like? 215 Model for Particle Movement 251 Which element are you? 287 Can you see a chemical reaction taking place? 335 Where’s that bubble? 377 What is a life chemical? 419 How you measure distance? 459 How far away are the stars and how many are there? 505 1.a, 9.b 2.c 8.c 3.a 3.b 3.e 3.f 5.a 5.e 6.b 9.b 2.g, 4.a, 4.b, 4.c California Standards Chapter Negative Positions 49 Can you measure average speed? 63 Chapter Can you measure the force of friction? 105 Does water exert a force? 110 Chapter Can you feel the buoyant force? 149 Do cold things float? 155 Chapter How big are the particles in an atom? 181 How electrons move? 186 Chapter How can you model molecules? 229 Chapter Observing Fluid Motion 255 Sensing Evaporation 268 Chapter Can you guess the element? 300 Which parachute will drop first? 319 Chapter How can you tell a chemical change from a physical change? 345 Can you model the burning of methane? 357 xvi 1.a 1.b, 9.b 2.a, 2.d 2.e 8.c 8.d 3.a 3.a 3.b 3.e 3.e 3.f 7.c, 9.a 5.a 3.b, 5.b (continued) Chapter How can you determine pH? 406 Chapter 10 How much water is in celery? 425 Modeling Organic Compounds 434 Chapter 11 How planets move? 464 How does the Moon change its shape in the sky? 477 How craters appear? 492 California Standards 5.e, 9.b 6.c 6.a 4.d 4.d 4.e California Standards Chapter How can a graph show relative positions? 55 What can you learn from a graph? 73 Chapter Can you add vertical forces? 95 Chapter Can you calculate the density? 139 Chapter How atoms differ? 203 Chapter How are ionic radii and lattice energies of salts related? 239 Chapter How are boiling point and atmospheric pressure related? 274 Chapter How can you show a visual explanation of half-life? 312 Chapter Where does the tablet go? 348 How does temperature change as chemicals react? 364 Chapter How solubilities differ? 393 Chapter 10 Which fat is healthy for you? 443 Chapter 11 How large are the planets? 485 Chapter 12 Can you identify elements in a star? 517 How fast is the universe expanding? 535 1.a 1.f, 9.d 2.c, 9.g 8.b, 9.f 3.a, 3.f, 9.e 3.b, 9.e 3.d, 9.g 7.b, 9.e 5.b 5.c, 9.e 7.c, 9.e 6.c, 9.e 4.e, 9.e 4.d 4.c This lab might be performed at home xvii The California Science, Math and Language Arts correlations for these features can be found on the referenced page Get Ready to Read Applying Math Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter Using the Speed Equation to Find Distance and Time 62 Chapter Finding Force and Acceleration 115 Chapter Solve for Volume 135 Using the Density Equation to Find Mass and Volume 138 Solve for Pressure 142 Chapter Mass of Subatomic Particles 180 Chapter Formula Units 238 Chapter Packing Efficiency 275 Chapter Isotope Half-Life Conversions 311 Chapter Calculate Change in Heat of a Reaction 365 Chapter Comparing pH Values 407 Chapter 10 Bond Angles in Organic Chemistry 437 Chapter 11 Parts of an Elliptical Orbit 471 Chapter 12 Brightness of Stars 518 Preview 46 Identify the Main Idea 86 New Vocabulary 128 Monitor 172 Visualize 216 Questioning 252 Make Predictions 288 Identify Cause and Effect 336 Make Connections 378 Summarize 420 Compare and Contrast 460 Make Inferences 506 Target Your Reading Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 xviii 47 87 129 173 217 253 289 337 379 421 461 507 ... and Physical Properties 286 Lesson Organization of the Periodic Table 290 3.f, 7.a Lesson Isotopes and Radioactivity 301 7.a, 7.b, 9.e Lesson Physical. .. Lesson Structures of the Solar System 462 2.g, 4.c, 4.d, 4.e Lesson The Sun-Earth-Moon System 472 4.d Lesson The Planets and Their Moons 478 4.d, 4.e, 9.e Lesson Asteroids,... listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content Chapter/ Science & Page Career Science & Technology Science & History Science & Society Automobile Designer GPS Shows the Way