Vietnam’s labor force under TPP challenges and recommendations for human resources development in vietnam

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction CHAPTER GENERAL THEORY ABOUT LABOR FORCE AND OVERVIEW OF TPP General theory of Labor force 1.1 Concept of Labor force 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 Definition of Labor force 1.1.1.2 Classification of Labor force Factors that effect on Labor force 1.1.2 1.1.2.1 The population 1.1.2.2 Population structure 1.1.2.3 Migrant 1.1.2.4 Participation rates in workforce 1.1.2.5 Dependency ratio 10 Human resources and Human resources development 10 1.2 1.2.1 Definition 10 1.2.2 Role of HRD in economic development 12 1.2.3 Content of HRD 13 Overview of TPP 16 1.3 1.3.1 History and negotiation process of TPP 16 1.3.2 Scope of TPP 18 1.3.3 Meaning behind the effects of the century TPP agreement 20 1.3.3.1 For developed countries 22 1.3.3.2 For developing countries 22 CHAPTER HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 25 2.1 Overview of Labor force of Vietnam 25 2.1.1 The workforce 29 2.1.1.1 The size and distribution of the participation rate in labor force 29 2.1.1.2 The structure of the labor force by age 29 2.1.2 Employment 30 2.1.3 Underemployment and unemployment 31 2.1.3.1 The number of underemployment and unemployment 31 2.1.3.2 The underemployment and unemployment rate 32 2.1.4 Productivity of labor force 35 Vietnam’s policies relating to Human resources development 36 2.2 Policies toward incentive labor of quantity 37 2.2.1 2.2.1.1 The group has not got access to job 37 2.2.1.2 The group who are working 39 Policies toward incentive labor quality 41 2.2.2 2.2.2.1 Policy impacts on mental 41 2.2.2.2 Policy impacts on mind resources 42 2.2.2.3 Policy impacts on physical 42 Policies toward change of human resources structure 43 2.2.3 2.2.3.1 Reasonable structural adjustment policies 43 2.2.3.2 Policies impact on distribution human resources reasonably 44 Policies relating recruitment, income and social welfare 45 2.2.4 2.2.4.1 Policies on recruitment and employment 45 2.2.4.2 Income policies 45 2.2.4.3 Social security policies 46 Evaluate the Vietnam policies relating to Human resources development 47 2.3 Performance 47 2.3.1 2.3.1.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of some specific policies 47 2.3.1.2 General assessment of the implementation of the policies 51 Limitation 53 2.3.2 2.3.2.1 Evaluate the limitation of some specific policies 53 2.3.2.2 General limitation of the implementation of the policies 56 Chapter CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENTDATION FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM UNDER TPP 58 Challenges for human resources development in Vietnam under TPP 58 3.1 3.1.1 Vietnam in TPP 58 3.1.1.1 Understanding Vietnam’s position in TPP 58 3.1.1.2 The different of TPP and other free trade agreements in Vietnam 61 3.1.2 Overall impact of the TPP on Vietnam 58 3.1.2.1 Trade in goods and services 64 3.1.2.2 Investment 65 3.1.2.3 State-owned enterprises 66 3.1.2.4 Intellectual property protection and environmental protection 66 3.1.2.5 Political impact 67 3.1.2.6 Strategic impact and foreign policy 68 3.1.2.7 Workforce 68 3.1.3 Content of labor commitments of Vietnam in TPP 71 3.1.4 Challenges of TPP for the human resources development in Vietnam 73 3.1.4.1 Labor quality 76 3.1.4.2 Weak implementation of international standards on labor 80 3.1.4.3 The infrastructure and regulatory framework of the labor market 82 Some recommendations for the government 80 3.2 3.2.1 Raise the efficiency and capacity management of the State institution 81 3.2.2 Strong development labor market 83 3.2.3 Innovation education and training to improve labor productivity 85 3.2.4 Increase exports and improve the efficiency of labor export 87 Some recommendations for the private sectors 87 3.3 3.3.1 For employers 87 3.3.2 For employees 89 CONCLUSION 94 BIBLIOGRAPHY 95 DECLARATION I swear this is my own research Information and research results in my thesis is due to self-learn, summarized and analyzed in an honest manner, in accordance with the actual situation Student Tran Thi Thu Ha SPECIAL THANK To complete this essay, the author has been received enthusiastic supports of many people, and this is the sincere thank of the author: I would like express my deep gratitude to teacher PhD Ly Hoang Phu, the dedicated teacher who always guides, supports and comments for me during the time to implement this essay I would like to sincerely thank all of the teachers in the University of Foreign Trade who impart and teach me during the time in MITPL3 course And I would like to specially thank the colleagues and family for suggestions during the editing essays and encouraging me during the process to finish this essay LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFTA The Asean Free Trade Agreement ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asean Nations APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ATIGA ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement EEA European Economic Area EAEU Eurasian Economic Union EPZs Export processing zones EVFTA EU-Vietnam Trade Agreement EZs Economic zones FTAs Foreign Trade Agreements FDI Foreign Direct Investment GATs Agreement on Trade in Services GDP Gross Domestic Product HR Human Resources HRD Human Resources development IZs Industrial zones ILO International Labor Organization ODA Official Development Assistance RCEP Asia’s Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership SOEs State-owned Enterprises TPP The Trans-Pacific Partnership U.S The United States USTR The United State Trade Representative UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VCCI Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Vietnam VGCL General Confederation of Labor WTO World Trade Organization LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES Number Name Page Figure Age and sex structure of developed and developing countries Table Members of TPP 17 Table Some key indicators of the labor market 26 Table Underemployment and unemployment rate in the working age, by 33 areas Table The unemployment rate of youth who has been trained, divided by 34 the level of training, quarter 1, 2016 Table Labor productivity and growth rate of Vietnam in the period 2006- 35 2015 Table Some objective of HRD for the period 2011-2020 37 LIST OF CHARTS Chart Name Chart Allocation percentage of the workforce by age in urban and rural, Page 30 Quarter 1-2016 Chart GDP per capita of TPP Members (2014) 59 Chart Forecast GDP growth in 2016 61 Chart Vietnam is the second attractive location in the ASEAN to expand 70 investment Chart Wages and productivity of Asean countries in 2012 76 Introduction Rationale In recent years, Vietnam has been seeking opportunities to negotiate free trade agreements (FTAs) with strategic trading partners to stimulate the economy growth Although Vietnam FTAs in Asia is in effect, Vietnam still actively looks for opportunities to negotiate FTAs with partners outside the region Among them, negotiating with partners around the Atlantic region is one of the salient agreements Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement – TPP is a free trade agreement among twelve Pacific Rim countries This can be seen as the second generation FTAs which establish a freedom space between countries in Asia and Pacific TPP has a huge adjustment range which consists of comprehensive agreement covering all the main aspects of a FTA, such as exchange of goods, origin regulations, technical barriers, exchange of services, intellectual property right, and the government policies on environmental issues, labor and anti-corruption Currently, labor issues are set out in TPP negotiations include the right of workers to negotiate for all employers, wages, working day, working conditions, conditions of insurance, and rights in signing labor contracts…Some experts believe that Vietnam will have the most benefits compare with the other members in the TPP Chief negotiator of the government of Vietnam said that the TPP will play an important role in improving Vietnam’s position in the region as well as in the international area According to calculations by independent economic experts, in the favorable conditions, TPP can foster GDP of Vietnam increased by 23.5 billion USD in 2020 and 33.5 billion USD by 2025 For the labor market, the labor regulations in TPP help Vietnam to simultaneously achieve the two targets as economic development and social security improvement, thereby it will promotes and maintains the sustainability of the economic reform process in Vietnam For developing countries like Vietnam, the http://m.laodong.com.vn/kinh-te/tham-gia-tpp-gdp-viet-nam-se-tang-them-235-ti-usd-vao-nam-2020385496.bld#ref-https://www.google.com.vn/ TPP’s regulations, which ensure the freedom of association and collective bargaining, will reduce violation of fundamental principles at workplace It also mitigates inequality of wages, decrease unemployment, reduce the number of strike, and contribute to ensure human rights As a result, it can increase consumption as well as boost economy Besides, the labor commitments in the TPP only apply for labor issues relating to trade, so any country which accused of Vietnam violating labor regulations must be demonstrate that how the violation (if it occurs) affects to the trade relations between the two countries Vietnam expects to benefit from the TPP, but there are a number of difficulties ahead When this agreement was signed, an amount of skilled workers from the other countries will join our labor market and it will put local labor under pressure For the reason above, this essay choose the subject “Vietnam’s labor force under TPP: challenges and recommendations for human resources development in Vietnam” to addresses the challenges beside opportunities of Vietnam’s labor market when implement labor commitments in the TPP Since then, the author will recommend some suggestions for human resources development in Vietnam Status and scope of research  Status of research When the TPP agreement be put on the process of negotiations, the economic experts as well as the researchers remark some comments on the TPP’s influence on the economy of all members and particular economic area trade in general view The economists have given the articles and thesis about the impact of the TPP but only on the economy For instance, the author Peter A.Petri and Michael G.Plummer write the thesis “The Economic Effects of the TPP: New Estimates” – (Jan, 2016); “The TPP and Asia-Pacific Integration: Policy Implications (June, 2012); The author Ed Gerwin with his thesis “TPP and the Benefits of Free Trade for Vietnam: Some Lessons from U.S Free Trade Agreements” – (Sep, 2015) Mention to labor in the TPP, there are several authors has given their point in some thesis, such as Ronald C.Brown, Professor of Law (Univ of Hawai’I Law School) “Labor Implications of TPP” (Jan, 2016) and “Labor Implications of TPP: A Game Changer?” (May, 2016), or “The State of Labor Rights in TPP Countries AFL-CIO” In Vietnam, Dr Hoang Chi Cuong also public a thesis named “The TPP: Opportunities and Challenges for Vietnam” The fact shows that there have no specific research on the impact of the TPP to the Vietnamese manpower Therefore, the research which focuses on “Vietnam’s labor force under TPP: challenges and recommendations for human resources development in Vietnam” is an absolutely new research in Vietnam  Scope of research Within the limits of the thesis, this research only studies the effects of the TPP for the human resources development in Vietnam, so the writer focus on analyzing indicators reflecting the labor force as well as the effects brought from joining the TPP At the same time, the writer also propose some recommendations for three key factors deciding the workforce, they are the State, enterprises and workers Objective and methodologies of this study  Objective of this essay The objective of this essay is to study the current status of Vietnam’s labor force before adhering to the TPP This essay also provides some recommendations and solutions to stimulate qualify of manpower in Vietnam in the context of trade liberalization and labor force in Vietnam be faced with many problems and new challenges To implement this above objective, this essay sets out details following tasks: - Systemize theory about labor force and overview of the TPP - To describe current policies on human resources development and analyze the labor force in Vietnam - Analyze the challenges in the implementation process of the TPP in Vietnam, and then propose solution to strengthen the competitiveness of Vietnam’s workforce  Methodologies 3.2.2 Strong development labor market When labor market strongly develops for socialized labor, the employees shall be entitled to participate in the labor exchange in the market according to market economic relations This has guaranteed benefits for employees and makes motivation for workforce quality The State should link labor-employment policies with the overall plan for economic restructuring towards modernization and sustainable development; develop labor markets which have high potential and economic efficiency, especially high agricultural economy, marine economy, information technology and labor export The State also needs to create a high pressure environment for Vietnam’s labor to overcome the influence of labor in the fragmented production, and create environment for labor to study and practice in high quality vocational training centers or international-class universities to adapt to requirements of enterprises To limit the shift ratio caused by fluctuations on labor and affecting economic growth, the State should have legal provisions binding employees to enterprises about conscious and responsibilities The fact shows that if the labor market has developed steadily, the economy will develop sustainably because human resource is a key factor determining the success of business To make a forward step in training, recruitment and use of human resources mechanism in enterprises, especially in SOE, the State needs to change in favor of employment quality to meet the needs of businesses - Innovation State management on workforce development The State should propose solutions to support the development of high technologies to increase labor productivity Accordingly, the State needs to increase the efficiency of key industries by applying new technologies, upgrading machinery and investing in skill trainings and vocational trainings Besides, Vietnam also needs to shift from agriculture and low service sectors to the manufacturing and advanced service sectors to increase labor productivity quickly The State need to form agencies which are responsible for collecting, building information systems in labor supply and demand in the whole 83 country in order to ensure the balance in labor market Besides, policies, mechanism and tools for human development such as working environment, employment policies, income, insurance, social protection, housing and living conditions….need to be changed in line with economic situation - Ensuring financial resources for human development The State budget is the main resource for the national human resources development by 2020 The State needs to make plans for increasing investment in human resource in both absolute value and proportion of total capital investment in the whole society The State needs to have plan to: o Allocate the state budget to implement the programs, tasks and training projects under the priority objectives and social justice, for example: support training and development human resource in rural areas, ethnic minorities … o Innovate support mechanism from support for the supply agencies to direct beneficiaries and ensure equity between public and non-public institutions o Promote social mobilization to strengthen resources for the human capital development The State needs to make mechanism and policies to mobilize investment capital of citizen and contribute to the development of human resource in the form of: direct investment in building educational facilities, training, health facilities, culture and sports; establish funds to support human development o Stipulate responsibility of enterprises for human resource development to create favorable conditions and mechanisms to enterprises increase investment in human resources development in general and vocational training in particular o Expand the form of preferential credit facilities for education, training and students to support workers in training period o Create appropriate mechanisms to attract foreign funds for human development in Vietnam; effectively use foreign capital to support human 84 resource development (ODA) and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to build educational facilities, hospitals and sports centers… 3.2.3 Innovation education and training to improve labor productivity This is a key task and major solution to human resource development in Vietnam in the period from now to 2020 and subsequent periods The imbalance in supply and demand of labor market is the concern not only of ministries but also the society To increase labor productivity as well as shorten the gap between supply and demand for labor, the State should have solutions to stimulate human resource development following the economy and international integration process In particular, the State needs to overcome deficiency of human resource by increasing job training with professional qualifications, industrial style with modern working environment The country needs to focus on some following issues: - Focus on reviewing and adjusting the planning and economic development plans in line with social development strategy of the country; make development human resource plan in the direction of decreasing labor with no technical expertise participating in economic activities, thereby adjust vocational training strategy, restructure education system, focus on long term vocational training must be priority spearhead to meet the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international integration The ministries need to step up vocational ramification of postsecondary students On this basis, locals and industries propose training requirements for human resources This is a breakthrough solution since it has a strong impact on the entire system of education and training - Improve the education system in the opening and integration period Innovate education programs, common textbooks, training curriculum at university and vocational education towards promoting creative thinking, self-study, focus on practice and skills that enterprises need from employee; build teachers to meet national standards with reasonable structure; improve the quality of research and application of science and technology in education and training; innovate curriculum and remove the programs that are no longer appropriate in order to 85 constantly improve the quality and effectiveness of training facilities to meet the requirements of society - Innovate investment policy for vocational training in the direction of decreasing the subsidy; make mechanisms to encourage enterprises to invest in vocational training; having policy for students, teachers and employers who use skilled workers; renew salary and insurance regime towards improving skilled labor - Make policy which forces enterprises to cooperate with educational institutions in which enterprises have to participate in building the standard skills and vocational competency standards or actively participate in the training process according to the different levels depending on the capacity of the business Well-organized two-way communication between vocational training institutions with enterprises, between training centers with the requirements of society and human needs, well connect employment with the training centers and enterprises - Proactive international integration in education Develop and regularly update the legal system on human resources in line with the level of development of Vietnam; establish national qualifications framework suitable with the region and the world; join the international accreditation of training programs; evaluate and implement management quality according to international standards, cooperation, educational exchanges, scientific research projects between Vietnam and the world - Create favorable conditions to attract teachers and scientists who have talent and experience from abroad to participate in the process of university personnel trainings and scientific researches at university in Vietnam Continue to implement policies to support from the state budget and mobilize social resources; calling foreign investment in order to build a number of international standard universities; colleges and vocational training centers Enhance teaching and training in foreign languages especially English, world culture and adaptive skills in the international competitive environment for the labor To this, the State needs to strengthen international cooperation in vocational training, take advantage of learning and cooperation with developing countries which are successful in vocational training in the Asean region and the 86 world, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Japan or Germany; increase the chances of rubbing and learning for students and teachers between countries through joining training programs, exchanges and participating in skill contests…thereby hasten the process of restructure the system to teach vocational qualifications on the basis of the national framework and standards of vocational skills in line with the country, the trend of the countries in the region and the world For the successful implementation of the above measures, it is necessary to promote the propagation and make clearly the role and responsibilities of training and using human resources to turn challenges into advantages in human resources for economic development and national empowerment in the international arena 3.2.4 Increase exports and improve the efficiency of labor export This is a relatively efficient and quite positive guide for job creation for the labor market when joining TPP It can be affirmed so because in the context of difficult economy, labor export will generate a relatively high income and stability compared to the self-employment of labor in the country as well as contribute to training skills for labors The report of the International Monetary Fund in 2014 on the situation of the global labor market showed that the labor market has risen times compared with the 1990s and is expected that by 2050, this market will double compared to current The integration of the world economy and Eastern European countries along with global population growth has contributed significantly to the labor force engaged in international trade Labor export is an opportunity for workers to have conditions to access modern technology, accumulate experience and create observance awareness of labor discipline It is mandatory requirements for workers in large production base 3.3 Some recommendations for private sectors 3.3.1 For employers Enterprises will enjoy the most benefits of human resources when labor market opens, human resources from other countries will also seek opportunities in Vietnam, 87 this leads to abundant labor supply This helps enterprises have more choices from qualified and rich experience candidates However, enterprises will have competitiveness with rivals in the region, ahead would be “brain drain” Good labors will leave and go to the enterprise where they have better income and policies This is consistent with the laws and inevitable The expansion of employment foreign opportunities is the best show when companies have a standard process order to create professional system for any nationality easily adapting Communication, spiritual preparation of management of multicultural joined is essential The companies need to have long-term programs to equip knowledge and develop visions for manager and leaders Employers should invest in human resource management, information technology systems, solid financial foundation, and administration system… to maintain a competitive edge when joining TPP To retain talent, companies need to understand the policies and priorities of other businesses, analyze reasonable policies to retain talent in front of this tough competition Before the threshold of industrialization in 2020, Vietnam management has to face up with a “brain drain” phenomenon Analysis of Vietnam’s human resources of the United Nations shows that Vietnam is in the stage of golden population structure period 2010-2040 According to many economic experts, this stage Vietnam is seemed to become industrialized country This phase of Vietnam is similar to Indonesia and Malaysia Currently, Vietnam is labor-intensive export to Asean countries, especially to Malaysia with thousand people each year with the average income 150-200 USD per month in different industries Several banks and businesses of Vietnam (for example Viettel, Vietcombank, Sacombank, Hoang Anh Gia Lai…) have opened branches and worked quite effectively in Laos and Cambodia, this also shows rapid integration capabilities of Vietnam in Asean labor associated with moving lines of trade, investment and services Labor mobility also reflects to the level of the labor market as well as the capacity and management skills of our employees Enterprises which have more labor from many different countries will increase, and the meeting will have to use the 88 common language is English Therefore, managers’ and leaders’ skills must be improved following international standards Skilled employees move freely between countries not only carry along the knowledge, skills and energy to value creation but also carry along customs, habit and lifestyle Thus, it is easy to cause complexity in migration management as well as rising social problems At the same time, migrant employees also cause tensions in employment as well as unemployment Face with this situation, human resources management must know how to take advantage of their inherent resources to avoid renewal workforce phenomenon Instead of just focusing on technique or the skill level of each employee, the employers must focus on cognitive and soft skills required in the context of integration Therefore, human resource department plays a paramount important role in looking for potential candidates for the company Employers should change recruitment method to attract more talent Moreover, managers need to build an open working environment with the remuneration policies as well as actively seek talent form universities or student organizations If employers meet these requirements, businesses will have many choices from qualified and experience professional candidates and not fall into the shortage of work force 3.3.2 For employees When Vietnam opens market according to commitments under TPP, the projects and foreign investments will increase, and demand for people who are citizens of the countries investing in Vietnam will increase Foreign investors operating in Vietnam, who are pressured under skills, product quality, and product technology standards in the agreement, will have chance to use the skilled workforce and international intellectual team In this case, many fresh-graduated students in Vietnam have difficulties to meet their requirements It is really a challenge for the young labor force We located cheap workforce as a competitive factor previously, and today this is no longer relevant When defined cheap labor force, we ignored an important factor 89 which is develop the internal capacity of the employees However, international integration requires work force must have the capacity standards as leadership, environmental adaptation, and ability to manage change, professional working skills and language skills… Imagine that the competition will not be in the scope of the enterprise in the country but in the region and global The movement of goods, service providers, investment… and good skilled labor are free At this time, the companies will recruit better skilled personnel without distinction Vietnamese or foreigners, but only interested in how enterprises can survive and develop Risk of unemployment of Vietnamese will increase if they are not aware of this picture and have no preparation for themselves because many Filipinos are doing a number of common works in Vietnam International integration and globalization is inevitable This trend will create a “global labor market, global citizens and global youth” Thus, the certificate or degree of the labor also need to be concerned, and must update the value of regional needs, not just valuable in Vietnam Employees need to understand that the interference of labor resources between countries is an opportunity to learn, share and change thinking based on sustainable conservation value of each country in the field of economy, culture and society… The advantage of labor force Vietnam is working at home country with natural favorable time and cost of training Besides, they have conditions and opportunities to equip multidisciplinary knowledge to work; their understanding the cultural aspects, economic-socio of their own country is able to support a good faith for foreigners when foreigners access new working environment, this confirms the intellectuals Vietnam’s employees in the eyes of international friends Intelligent pigments and efforts to learn new things characteristic are welcome points of workforce Vietnam Nevertheless, in fact, life skills and global environmental integration of many Vietnamese are still limited Besides, industrial style, the ability to adapt in new environment, soft skills, foreign language, creativity …are what Vietnamese employees need to learn and perceive from the foreigner employees 90 Awareness of the limitation on the “arena of knowledge” in the region and the world to resolve changes build up brand “Labor Vietnam” The first thing that should be mention is to improve the professional qualifications and skills This is one of the weaknesses of most of Vietnam’s employees About 80% companies must accompany a training program when recruiting new workers Need to improve language skills This is the real alarming problem and the urgent need with youth labors in Vietnam today Economic integration means communication culture The disagreement over the language would be a huge hindrance to the work, especially in these occupations not allowing errors It is understandable that many people have the professional capacity but employers excluded because of their foreign language limit Need to improve information technology With the integration of technology with the computer, most of the jobs are related to it Thus, improve information technology is also create working conditions in the best way because it will enhance the professional capabilities The computer skills are extremely important of most of occupation currently Improve the ability of teamwork Employees need to understand that teamwork is paramount important in the work Most of Vietnam’s labor teamwork activities are rather bad than foreigners Each employee should be aware that constructive spirit in common is important from the time they are in school Improve soft skills and ability to work under pressure Most companies and foreign employers are very interested in this issue because it is a very important factor determining the success of each employee Soft skill is a factor that most of employees Vietnam have not yet met today Besides, with the strong economic growth also requires each employee to be able to improve the adaptation to the job as quick as possible That is the first of criterion the employers need of each candidate 91 Conscious discipline and industrial working style training Most Vietnamese employees come from agriculture and accustomed to living and working freely as well as not yet shaped the industrial style leading to lower labor productivity Along with the sense of organization and discipline, observance of working hours is not high and law understanding is still low, so when facing difficulties and problems with enterprises, workers often express themselves in arbitrary actions such as strikes, slowdowns, complaints even quarrelsome with employers These are greatly affect to image of Vietnam’s employees To not be beat at home where the competition of foreign employees is growing, and especially employers will not have the favor but they have only one objective that is looking for labor resources meet the quality Therefore, employees need to cultivate prerequisite to equip themselves with a good inventory for the future 92 CONCLUSION Vietnam joins the TPP opening up many opportunities, but also poses many difficulties and challenges Economic competition between countries is the fiercest and competitive advantage will tilt to the country has high quality human resources Thus, critical requirement current is to promote the training of human resources with technical expertise to meet the high requirements of international integration process This is the first agreement that Vietnam to be bound to the commitments on labor within the framework of trade agreements As the result, Vietnam needs to anticipate the positive and negative effects that commitments may bring to Besides, Vietnam needs to improve the system of labor legislation, increase institutional capacity to ensure the implementation of commitments in the TPP The study of the influence of TPP to Vietnam labor force employment is urgent because human resources development is the ultimate goal and also the most powerful motivation of any process of economic development Central policy of this era is the people policy and the participation of people in the process of social development and progress Developing labor market is not only guarantee political stability but also directly contribute to strengthen and improve the economic strengths for the country After the study process, research has achieved some major results as follows: Systematize theoretical of the labor force in general Summary the contents relating to the TPP agreements, and have an overview the impact of TPP in the group Analysis the workforce of Vietnam in the TPP Synthesis TPP challenges to the Vietnamese workforce and provide recommendations and solutions to enhance the quality of human resources in Vietnam However, due to restriction on the collection of data and documents, therefore this study has not adequately addressed the studies in the future about the impact of TPP for Vietnam labor market Thus, this study may has these chambers remain open for the next study Thereby, the author also looks forward to the deeper study of this 93 issue in the near future to improve the quality of human resources of Vietnam on a global scale 94 BIBLIOGRAPHY David Vanzetti and Pham Lan Huong, Rules of origin, labour standards and the TPP, 17th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, June 18-20, 2014 Dakar Decision 579/QD-TTg approved the government’s HRD strategy of Vietnam in the period 2011-2020, 19/4/2011 ED Gerwin, TPP and the Benefits of Free Trade for Vietnam: Some Lessons from U.S.Free Trade Agreements, Progressive Policy Institute, September 2015 General Statistics Officer, Investigation report on Labor employment, Quarter I, II – 2016 Ha Dang, FLA Vietnam, Labor in TPP – The case of Vietnam, 2015 Hoang Chi Cuong, The TPP: Opportunities and Challenges for Vietnam, Scientific Research Activities Ian F.Fergusson, Markt A.McMinimy, Brock R Williams, The TPP: in brief, Congressional Research Service, February 9, 2016 Institute for Economic and Policy, Impact of TPP and AEC on Vietnam economy (Macro Economy and Livestock section), University of EconomicsVietnam National University, Hanoi August 2015 Le Hong Hiep, The TPP’s Impact on Vietnam: A Preliminary Assessment, Reserachers at Iseas, Singpore, 4th November 2015 10 Master Nguyen De Thuy, Joining TPP – Opportunity and challenges for Vietnam, Political Science Journals, number 1+2, 2015 11 Monica D Castillo - Chief Decent Work Data Production Unit, ILO Department of Statistics –Geneva, Labour Force Framework: Concepts, Definitions, Issues and Classifications, National Labour Market Information Training Programme Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 31 October –11 November 2011 95 12 Nancy Huyen Nguyen, Researcher, University of The Thai Chamber of Commerce, Thai Workforce- Ready for Asean Economic Community 2015, 2015 13 Dr Nguyen Ngoc Quan & Nguyen Van Diem, National Economic University, curriculum Human Resources Management, 2007 14 Phan Quan Viet, Opportunities and Challenges when Vietnam joins TPP, Global Journal of Management and Business Research,2015 15 Peter A.Petri and Michael G.Plummer , “The Economic Effects of the TPP: New Estimates”, 2016); 16 Ronald C.Brown, Professor of Law, Univ.of Hawai’I Law School, Labor Implication of TPP, 2016 17 TPP agreement 18 United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, medium variant , 2011 19 Capital Trade, The TPP: Many Hurdles Remain, 2015, http://www.captrade.com/2015/09/the-trans-pacific-partnership-manyhurdles-remain/ 20 Department of agriculture and rural areas in HCMC, Situation and some solutions to develop rural industries, 2011 http://sonongnghiep.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/chuyennganh/Lists/Posts/Post.asp x?List=675aca85-0a42-4f28-bbae-91fafa866a53&ID=238 21 General Statistic Office, Labor and employment data, http://portal.thongke.gov.vn/khodulieuldvl/Olaplist.aspx?NhomCube=3&Na meBar=NH%C3%93M%20CH%E1%BB%88%20TI%C3%8AU%20T%E1 %BB%94NG%20H%E1%BB%A2P%20%3E%203.%20D%C3%A2n%20s %E1%BB%91%20trong%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99%20tu%E1%BB%95i %20lao%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng 22 Government Information Gate, Situation and development of industrial park in the period 2006-2020, http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/noidungcackhucongngh iepkhuchexuat?categoryId=879&articleId=10001189 96 23 Health & Life, Vietnam’s population is aging fast, 2013 http://suckhoedoisong.vn/dan-so-viet-nam-dang-gia-nhanh-n21471.html 24 The American Chamber of Commerce in Singapore http://www.amcham.org.sg/ 25 The labor, Joining TPP: Vietnam’s GDP will increase by 23.5 billion dollars in 2020, 2015 http://m.laodong.com.vn/kinh-te/tham-gia-tpp-gdp-viet-nam-se-tang-them235-ti-usd-vao-nam-2020-385496.bld#ref-https://www.google.com.vn/ 26 ILO, The impact of International labor standards in the ILO Declaration 1998 on fundamental principles and rights at work to businesses at the national level and TPP, 2016 http://www.ilo.org/hanoi/Informationresources/Publicinformation/Speeches/ WCMS_469854/lang vi/index.htm 27 Nguoidonghanh, Where is the position of Vietnam in TPP, 2015, http://ndh.vn/chart-viet-nam-o-dau-trong-khoi-tpp-20160317043643298p145c152.news 28 Scientific & social Institutes, High quality labor in Vietnam: the basic restrictions, 2015, http://ilssa.org.vn/2015/07/16/chat-luong-lao-dong-trinh-do-cao-o-viet-namnhung-han-che-co-ban/ 29 Stockbiz, Where is Viet Nam in TPP?, 2016 http://www.stockbiz.vn/NewsTools/Print.aspx?newsid=643996 30 Unicef, Vietnam and Development Goals Millennium https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/vi/overview_14585.html 31 VCCI, Focusing on High-quality Human Resources Development, 2015 http://vccinews.com/news_detail.asp?news_id=32453 32 Wikipedia, Trans-Pacific Partnership https://en.wikipedia.org 97 ... Chapter CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENTDATION FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM UNDER TPP 58 Challenges for human resources development in Vietnam under TPP 58 3.1 3.1.1 Vietnam in TPP. .. in Vietnam under TPP CHAPTER GENERAL THEORY ABOUT LABOR FORCE AND OVERVIEW OF TPP 1.1 General theory of Labor force 1.1.1 Concept of Labor force 1.1.1.1 Definition of Labor force The workforce... impact of the TPP to the Vietnamese manpower Therefore, the research which focuses on Vietnam s labor force under TPP: challenges and recommendations for human resources development in Vietnam is