Ebook The gale encyclopedia of prescription drugs Part 2

(BQ) Questions to Ask Your Pharmacist list of questions for patients to ask their pharmacist or healthcare provider when obtaining a new prescription, entries provide information on drug interactions with other drugs, herbs, vitamins, supplements, food, and other substances.

M Macrobid see Nitrofurantoin Maxalt see Rizatriptan U.S brand names Mebendazole is no longer available in the United States Canadian brand names Mebendazole Definition Mebendazole is an anthelmintic drug used to treat infections with parasites, such as worms It is considered a broad-spectrum agent, meaning that it has activity against a wide variety of parasites Purpose Mebendazole is used to treat infections with many types of worms, including: • roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) • hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) • pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) • whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) • tapeworms (Taenia solium) Mebendazole can also treat infections with more than one type of a worm at a time Description Mebendazole is a flat, round, orange tablet that is 10 millimeters (mm) in size It is imprinted on one side with the numbers 93 and 107 Each pill contains 100 milligrams (mg) of active drug The medication is taken by mouth and must be prescribed by a physician Mebendazole is on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines It is also frequently used in veterinary medicine G AL E E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Mebendazole is sold under the brand name Vermox in Canada International brand names Mebendazole is sold in many countries worldwide under a variety of names, including Wormex (South Africa), Versid (Turkey), Vermicide (Taiwan), Tesical (Argentina), Sufil (Spain), and Ovex (United Kingdom) In some countries, mebendazole is only one component of the medication, and there are other medications included in the formulation In some locations, it is only available for veterinary, not human, use Recommended dosage For roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, or tapeworm, the recommended dosage for adults who are treated with mebendazole is 100 mg twice daily for three days If the infestation is not cured, then this regimen should be repeated in three weeks For pinworm, the recommended dosage for adults who are treated with mebendazole is a single 100 mg dose This should be repeated after two weeks and again after four weeks Family members who have close contact with the patient should also be treated with the same regimen Mebendazole is taken by mouth and may be taken whole, crushed, or chewed It may be taken with or between meals Pediatric For children over the age of two, the adult dosage recommendations may be used 553 Mebendazole KEY TERMS Anthelmintic—A drug that is used to treat an infection with parasitic worms Ovex (mebendazole), 100 mg (Finnbarr Webster/Alamy) Parasite—A type of organism that survives within another living host and nourishes itself by using that host’s energy stores without providing the host with any benefit Roundworm—A type of worm with a long body that lives in the intestines of mammals Tapeworm—A type of flatworm that has many segments and lives within the intestines of its hosts, which can include humans and other animals that have backbones (vertebrates) Precautions Mebendazole should be taken for the entire length of the prescription Mebendazole can lead to bone marrow suppression when used at high doses or for long periods of treatment Pediatric The safety and effectiveness of mebendazole in children under the age of two have not been established Seizures have been reported when mebendazole is used in infants under a year old Pregnant or breastfeeding Mebendazole carries the FDA pregnancy category C, meaning that risk to the fetus cannot be ruled out in pregnant individuals If possible, use of this drug should be delayed until the third trimester Small amounts of mebendazole may pass into breast milk but are unlikely to affect the nursing infant Other conditions and allergies Mebendazole should not be taken by individuals who are hypersensitive to mebendazole, benzimidazoles, or any other ingredient of the preparation Individuals with a history of liver problems should inform their healthcare provider prior to starting the medication, and care should be taken while taking the prescription Side effects Side effects of mebendazole treatment include: • upset stomach or abdominal pain, sensation of indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea • hair loss • itching, rash, hives 554 • headache, dizziness, drowsiness • seizures • blood test evidence of bone marrow suppression, including low white blood count, low platelets, or low hematocrit • blood test evidence of liver damage • blood test evidence of kidney damage • blood in the urine • yellow cast to skin and/or whites of eyes Rare but serious signs of a significant allergic reaction to mebendazole should prompt the individual to seek immediate medical care These include: • difficulty breathing • wheezing • fever • cough • blue skin or lips • seizures • swollen face, lips, tongue, or throat Interactions Pharmaceutical drugs may interact with other pharmaceuticals, herbs, dietary supplements, and foods Drug interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug or increase the risk of serious side effects Patients should tell the prescribing doctor about all the medications they are taking, including nonprescription (over-the-counter) medications, herbs, and dietary supplements, including vitamin supplements Drugs Drugs that may decrease the amount of mebendazole in the bloodstream include antimalarial drugs such as G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Meclizine aminoquinolines, carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, and phenytoin Cimetidine may increase the amount of mebendazole in the bloodstream Close monitoring is recommended when these drugs are used together Using mebendazole and metronidazole at the same time can increase the risk of severe toxic effects from the metronidazole It is recommended to avoid using these drugs at the same time Resources BOOKS Bennett, John E., Raphael Dolin, and Martin J Blaser Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 8th ed Philadelphia: Saunders, 2014 Cherry, James, et al Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 7th ed Philadelphia: Saunders, 2014 Lexicomp Drug Information Handbook 23rd ed Hudson, OH: Lexicomp Inc., 2014 Magill, Alan, et al Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013 Rang, Humphrey, et al Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology 7th ed London: Churchill Livingstone, 2012 Meclizine, 12.5 mg (Reprinted with permission Copyright 1974–2015 Truven Health Analytics Inc All rights reserved.) Resources WEBSITES “Mebendazole.” Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/mtm/ mebendazole.html (accessed February 19, 2015) MedlinePlus “Mebendazole.” U.S National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health http://www.nlm.nih gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682315.html (accessed February 19, 2015) U.S National Library of Medicine “LactMed: Mebendazole.” TOXNET http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov./cgi-bin/sis/search2/r? dbs+lactmed:@term+@DOCNO+465 (accessed February 19, 2015) ORGANIZATIONS American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, (866) 2790681, http://www.ashp.org/ U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, (888) INFO-FDA (463-6332), http://www.fda.gov/ Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD REVIEWED BY KEVIN GLAZA, RPH Purpose Meclizine may be given to help control nausea and vomiting that often occurs with cancer treatment, other medical conditions, or motion sickness It is also used as part of palliative care for patients with terminal cancer Description Meclizine acts as a central nervous system depressant It is believed its therapeutic actions occur due to the drug’s drying effects and its ability to depress conduction of nerve messages in the inner ear Meclizine begins working about one hour after ingestion It continues being effective for to 24 hours U.S brand names In the United States, the prescription brand name of meclizine is Antivert It is also sold over the counter as Bonine Recommended dosage Meclizine Definition Meclizine is an antihistamine commonly used to control nausea, vomiting, and dizziness G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S When used to manage dizziness, such as the dizziness that occurs with vertigo, patients generally take 25–100 milligrams (mg) daily in divided doses The dosage to control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatment is 25–50 mg, every to 12 hours Patients should not double up on this medication if a dose is missed 555 Meclizine KEY TERMS Antihistamine—Agent that blocks or counteracts the action of histamine, which is released during an allergic reaction Central nervous system depressant—Any drug that lowers the level of stimulation or excitement in the central nervous system Palliative—Referring to treatments that are intended to relieve pain and other symptoms of disease but not to cure Vertigo—The sensation of moving around in space, or objects moving around a person It is a disturbance of equilibrium Precautions Meclizine may cause drowsiness and fatigue Drowsiness is the most common adverse reaction Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, such as pain medication and tranquilizers, may increase this effect Patients should refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages and avoid driving or operating machinery or appliances when taking this drug Pediatric The FDA recommends that children under age 12 not take this drug, except under the direction of a physician Pregnant or breastfeeding Pregnant women and those trying to become pregnant should not take this medication Animal reproductive studies have shown some deformities at elevated doses Women who are breastfeeding should discuss this medication with their doctors prior to taking it Other conditions and allergies Patients with glaucoma, an enlarged prostate, bladder or bowel obstructions, or asthma or other breathing difficulties should discuss with the doctor the risks and benefits associated with this drug before taking it Those who have experienced an allergic reaction to meclizine should not take it sleeping Rarely, it may cause a patient to see or hear things that are not present (hallucinations) Despite being used to treat nausea and vomiting, it may produce these effects It may also cause constipation, diarrhea, an upset stomach, or a loss of appetite Other side effects include frequent or difficult urination, incomplete emptying of the bladder, low blood pressure, and a rapid heart rate or palpitations It may cause vision changes, a dry nose and throat, ringing in the ears, and a rash or hives Side effects may decrease as the body adjusts to the medication Ice chips or sugarless hard candy or gum may help relieve dry mouth If the feeling of a dry mouth persists for more than two weeks, the doctor should be notified Geriatric Some of the side effects may be more pronounced in older adults Interactions Patients should inform their doctor of all medications they are currently taking and should not start or stop any drugs without physician approval Drugs Central nervous system depressants may increase drowsiness associated with meclizine Pain medications, other antihistamines, seizure medications, sleeping pills, and muscle relaxants can depress the central nervous system Taking this drug with some medications used to treat depression may increase the risk of side effects Herbs and supplements The herbal supplement henbane may increase some of meclizine’s side effects, including dry mouth and difficulty urinating Food and other substances Alcohol can increase the sedative effect of meclizine and should be avoided Resources PERIODICALS Wang, Z., et al “Meclizine Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Formulation on Its Absorption.” Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 52, no (2012): 1343–49 WEBSITES Side effects Meclizine sometimes produces excitability, nervousness, restlessness, mood enhancement, or difficulty 556 A.D.A.M Medical Encyclopedia “Meclizine.” University of Maryland, Baltimore Washington Medical Center http:// www.mybwmc.org/library/41/080100 (accessed February 25, 2015) G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Medroxyprogesterone Desmond, Alan L., and R Brian Collie “Meclizine—Does It Help?” Vestibular Disorders Association https:// vestibular.org/news/10-07-2013/meclizine-%E2%80%93does-it-help (accessed February 25, 2015) Lexi-Comp “Meclizine.” Merck Manual Professional Edition http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/lexicomp/ meclizine.html (accessed February 25, 2015) Physicians’ Desk Reference “Antivert.” PDR Health http:// www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/antivert (accessed February 25, 2015) ORGANIZATIONS U.S Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, (888) INFO-FDA (463-6992), http://www.fda.gov/ Vestibular Disorders Association, 5018 NE 15th Avenue, Portland, OR 97211, (800) 837-8428 (VESTIBU), Fax: (503) 229-8064, info@vestibular.org, https://vestibular.org/ Rebecca J Frey, PhD REVIEWED BY KEVIN GLAZA, RPH Medrol see Methylprednisolone Medroxyprogesterone Definition Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic derivative of the hormone progesterone In healthy women, progesterone plays a major role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy MPA is in a class of medications called progestins Purpose Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used as a contraceptive MPA is also prescribed to women to restore normal menstrual cycles and to treat abnormal menstruation It is sometimes used during cancer therapy to stop new cell growth in certain cancers Off-label uses In males, MPA has been prescribed to control inappropriate sexual behavior by chemically castrating convicted sexual offenders Description MPA works by changing the consistency of cervical mucus to make it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg, changing the uterine lining to prevent a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus, and inhibiting ovulation When used as prescribed, the medication is G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S Medroxyprogesterone, 150 mg/mL (Reprinted with permission Copyright 1974–2015 Truven Health Analytics Inc All rights reserved.) effective as a form of birth control, though no method is considered 100% effective Additionally, MPA is used in conjunction with other medications to treat cancers in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus Many cancerous tumors are sensitive to hormones It appears that MPA in some way changes the hormonal climate of the tumor so that cells stop responding to other hormones and proteins that would normally stimulate their growth This drug cannot specifically target cancer cells, so some normal cells are also killed during treatment However, since cancer cells generally grow more rapidly than normal cells, more cancer cells are killed MPA is considered very effective and relatively nontoxic MPA is available in tablet form and injection form The tablet form is available in strengths of 2.5, 5, and 10 milligrams (mg) The injectable form is available in strengths of 150 mg per milliliter (mL) and 400 mg/mL The injectable form must be injected by a healthcare provider in a medical setting; it is not prescribed for home use U.S brand names In the United States, MPA is sold under the brand names Depo-Provera and Provera Canadian brand names In Canada, MPA is sold under the brand names Apo-Medroxy, Depo-Provera, Gen-Medroxy, 557 Medroxyprogesterone Pregnant or breastfeeding KEY TERMS Chemical castration—Administration of pharmacological agents to decrease testosterone levels to prepubescent levels and suppress deviant sexual thinking and behavior Contraception—Prevention of becoming pregnant Endometrial cancer—Cancer of the uterus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Sandoz, and Provera A combination formulation is available under the brand name Premplus International brand names MPA is most commonly sold internationally under the brand names Depo-Provera and Provera, but it is available under a wide variety of other brand names In some countries, MPA is only one component of the medication, and there are other medications included in the formulation Origins MPA was initially approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1959 Recommended dosage MPA comes as tablets or as a liquid that is given as an intramuscular injection When prescribed in tablet form, the medication must be taken orally every day; if prescribed as an injectable, the medication must be given as an intramuscular shot every 12 to 14 weeks If taken soon after giving birth, the injections should begin at weeks post-delivery, or sooner if sexual activity is to be resumed prior to the 6-week guideline If an injection is not received at the 12- to 14-week mark, an alternate form of birth control should be used until the patient can discuss the plan with a healthcare provider Occasionally, MPA is given in divided doses that are spaced evenly throughout the day For uterine (endometrial) cancer, MPA is usually given as a shot once a week at first, then once a month Pediatric This medication may be used for birth control in teenage women but should not be used before the start of menstruation Geriatric This medication should not be used in elderly women Adequate studies have not been conducted on effects in the geriatric population 558 MPA carries the FDA pregnancy category X, meaning that it should not be used during pregnancy Studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities This medication should not be used by anyone who is planning to become pregnant Women who have become pregnant while taking MPA should stop taking the medication immediately and contact their physician MPA is excreted in breast milk but is considered to be compatible with breastfeeding Precautions Individuals taking MPA daily should take it at the same time each day The patient should be certain to space the medication at regular intervals, though it does not matter whether this medication is taken during the day or night MPA may cause the bones to lose calcium, which can lead to thin or weak bones Calcium loss may continue for the entire duration of the prescription, but bones should start rebuilding calcium after MPA is stopped This is a more serious problem in teenagers and women who smoke or drink alcohol regularly, have an eating disorder, or have any other disorders or take other medications that affect the bones (e.g., steroids) There is a very slight chance that using MPA may cause an increased risk of breast cancer Patients should discuss this risk with their doctor Side effects The number and severity of side effects vary widely among people Not only are they dependent on each person’s unique body chemistry, but side effects also vary with the health of the patient and the other drugs being given There is no way to predict who will experience side effects of MPA Among the more common side effects of MPA are: • increased appetite and weight gain • nausea • swelling and fluid retention in the hands, legs, and breasts • breakthrough vaginal bleeding • muscle cramps • fatigue • emotional or mood changes • headaches G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S A less common but more serious side effect is the development of blood clots that can lead to heart attack or stroke Individuals who have a history of clotting problems are not good candidates for using MPA Interactions Pharmaceutical drugs may interact with other pharmaceuticals, herbs, dietary supplements, and foods Drug interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug or increase the risk of serious side effects Patients must tell the prescribing doctor about all the medications they are taking, including nonprescription (over-the-counter) medications, herbs, and dietary supplements, including vitamin supplements Drugs MPA should not be taken when the patient is taking tranexamic acid unless approved by the doctor There are several medications that should not be taken with MPA If the doctor feels that MPA is necessary and the benefits outweigh the risks, these medication combinations should be monitored closely by the doctor These medications include: • carbamazepine • ceritinib • dabrafenib • eslicarbazepine acetate • idelalisib • insulin degludec • isotretinoin • mitotane • nilotinib • piperaquine • siltuximab • theophylline Using MPA with a number of commonly prescribed medications may contribute to certain side effects The doctor and pharmacist should cross-check the patient’s current medications with MPA due to several medications causing changes in side effects These include but are in no way limited to: • alprazolam • isotretinoin G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S • mitotane • nilotinib • phenobarbital • phenytoin • piperaquine • prednisone • rifampin • siltuximab • theophylline • warfarin Medroxyprogesterone • dizziness or faintness • weakness or numbness in an arm or leg • sleep disturbances • hair growth on face • acne Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren; an inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis), when given with MPA, decreases the effectiveness of MPA Resources BOOKS Chu, Edward, and Vincent T DeVita Jr Physicians’ Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2014 Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014 PERIODICALS Douglas, Thomas, et al “Coercion, Incarceration and Chemical Castration: An Argument From Autonomy.” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 10, no (2013): 393–405 Li, C I., et al “Effect of Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Breast Cancer Risk among Women 20 to 44 Years of Age.” Cancer Research 72, no (2012): 2028–35 WEBSITES American Cancer Society “Hormone Therapy For Endometrial Cancer.” http://www.cancer.org/cancer/endometrialcancer/ detailedguide/endometrial-uterine-cancer-treating-hormonetherapy (accessed March 6, 2015) MedlinePlus “Medroxyprogesterone.” U.S National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health http://www.nlm nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682470.html#othername (accessed March 6, 2015) Micromedex “Medroxyprogesterone (Intramuscular Route).” MayoClinic.org http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugssupplements/medroxyprogesterone-intramuscular-route/ side-effects/drg-20074661 (accessed March 6, 2015) ORGANIZATIONS American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, (866) 2790681, http://www.ashp.org/ U.S Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, (888) INFO-FDA (463-6992), http://www.fda.gov/ Tish Davidson, AM Revised by Tracy Gardner Beno, RN REVIEWED BY DENISE M LINTON, DNS, FNP-BC Megace see Megestrol 559 Megestrol Megestrol Definition Megestrol acetate is a synthetic derivative of the hormone progesterone Megestrol acetate is in a class of medications called progestins Purpose In tablet form, megestrol acetate is used to ease the suffering of patients with some advanced hormoneresponsive cancers of the breast, kidney, and uterus In suspension form, megestrol acetate is used to treat anorexia, cachexia, or unexplained weight loss in patients with AIDS Off-label uses Megestrol acetate has been used off label to treat cancer-related cachexia, prostatic hypertrophy (enlargement of the prostate gland in men), endometriosis, and endometrial hyperplasia Megestrol acetate has also been used to treat some types of cancer, including advanced breast and endometrial cancer Description Megestrol acetate is used in larger doses to counteract weight loss It is effective in reversing weight loss and contributing to weight gain/increased fat storage in conditions such as cancer, anorexia-cachexia syndrome, AIDS, and other unexplained anorexia and cachexia It is also used to treat some types of cancer The exact mechanism by which megestrol acetate stops tumor growth is unknown Many tumors are sensitive to hormones It appears that megestrol acetate in some way changes the hormonal climate of the tumor so that cells stop responding to other hormones and proteins that would normally stimulate their growth This drug cannot specifically target cancer cells, so some normal cells are also killed during treatment However, since cancer cells grow more rapidly than normal cells, more cancer cells are killed Megestrol acetate is available in tablet form in strengths of 20 and 40 milligrams (mg) and in suspension form in strengths of 40 mg per milliliter (mL) and 125 mg/mL (concentrated suspension) U.S brand names In the United States, megestrol acetate is sold under the brand names Megace and Megace ES Canadian brand names In Canada, megestrol acetate is sold under the brand names Apo-Megestrol and Megace OS International brand names Internationally, megestrol acetate is most commonly sold under the brand name Megace, but it is available under a wide variety of other brand names In some countries, megestrol acetate is only one component of the medication, and there are other medications included in the formulation; it may also be available for veterinary use Recommended dosage For the palliative (pain-relieving) treatment of breast cancer, the recommended dose is 160 mg/day (40 mg oral tablets, taken four times a day) For the palliative treatment of endometrial cancer, the recommended dose is 40–320 mg/day (oral tablets, taken in divided doses) For the treatment of anorexia or cachexia, the recommended dose is 800 mg per day (liquid suspension) or 625 mg/5 mL per day (concentrated suspension) For the treatment of unexplained weight loss in patients with AIDS, the recommended dose is 800 mg per day (liquid suspension) or 625 mg/5 mL per day (concentrated suspension) Megestrol, 20 mg (Reprinted with permission Copyright 1974–2015 Truven Health Analytics Inc All rights reserved.) 560 To reduce tumor growth, the dose of megestrol acetate is individualized and depends on the type of G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S AIDS—Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious disease that affects the immune system and is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Anorexia—A serious physical and emotional illness in which an abnormal fear of being overweight leads to severe calorie restriction and dangerous weight loss Cachexia—General wasting and malnutrition usually associated with chronic disease Hormone—A chemical messenger produced by the body that is involved in regulating specific bodily functions such as growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, and mood Progesterone—A female hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy cancer, the patient’s body weight and general health, which other drugs are being given, and how the tumor responds to hormones Precautions Megestrol acetate may increase blood sugar levels The doctor should monitor diabetic patients who are taking megestrol acetate closely Megestrol acetate may cause fluid retention, which can aggravate certain conditions, including migraine headaches and vision changes The medication can also lead to worsening of breast conditions such as breast lumps or cysts Patients should inform the doctor, dentist, or surgeon that they are taking megestrol acetate any time they are scheduled to undergo surgery, including dental surgery Geriatric While some studies have shown that this medication does not cause different effects on the elderly than on younger adults, there is concern that memory loss may be worsened when megestrol acetate is taken in patients suffering from dementia Pregnant or breastfeeding In tablet form, megestrol acetate carries the FDA pregnancy category D, meaning that there is positive evidence of risk to the fetus Women should consult with their physician about whether benefits outweigh possible risks to the fetus G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S In suspension form, megestrol acetate carries the FDA pregnancy category X, meaning that human or animal studies have clearly demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of risk to the fetus Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not use megestrol acetate in suspension form There have been some reports that high doses of megestrol acetate may cause birth defects in the genitals of a male fetus and may also cause changes in a female fetus and female-like changes in a male fetus Usually, these problems can be reversed when detected in utero Low doses have not been shown to cause major problems when used accidentally during pregnancy However, it is advisable to use some kind of birth control method while receiving high doses of megestrol acetate If it is believed that megestrol acetate has caused birth defects in a child born to a mother taking the drug, the patient should call the Bristol Meyer Squibb patient assistance program at (800) 332-2056 Megestrol acetate may change the quality or amount of the mother’s breast milk if used during breastfeeding Women should discuss the risks and benefits of using this medication with their doctor Other conditions and allergies Patients who have a history of blood clots or bleeding disorders should not take megestrol acetate Side effects Megestrol acetate has several rare but serious side effects These include the development of sarcoma (tumors of the skin or connective tissue), Cushing syndrome (a hormonal imbalance in which people develop fatty deposits in the face and neck), diabetes, and osteoporosis Rarely, megestrol acetate may also cause high blood pressure and other signs of fluid and salt (electrolyte) imbalances Common side effects of megestrol acetate include: • worsening of diabetic symptoms • pain in the chest or abdomen • infection • cessation of menstruation • irregular heartbeat • fluid retention • breakthrough vaginal bleeding • blood clots in the legs or lungs • nausea or constipation • dry mouth or increased salivation • abnormal white blood cell count 561 Megestrol KEY TERMS Meloxicam • confusion or abnormal thinking • emotional and psychological changes • rash, itching, abnormal sweating, or skin disorders • cough, sore throat, or lung disorders • hair loss (alopecia) • uncontrolled urination or urinary tract infection • male impotence Interactions Pharmaceutical drugs may interact with other pharmaceuticals, herbs, dietary supplements, and foods Drug interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug or increase the risk of serious side effects Patients must tell the prescribing doctor about all the medications they are taking, including nonprescription (over-the-counter) medications, herbs, and dietary supplements, including vitamin supplements Drugs Certain medications are known to interact with megestrol acetate The doctor should be notified if the patient is taking boceprevir, dofetilide, tranexamic acid, indinavir, and most antibiotics Other medications that may require modified dosing and close monitoring during therapy include but are not limited to: • carbamazepine • fentanyl • tizanidine • theophylline Micromedex “Progestin (Oral Route, Parenteral Route, Vaginal Route).” MayoClinic.org http://www.mayoclinic.org/ drugs-supplements/progestin-oral-route-parenteral-routevaginal-route/description/drg-20069443 (accessed March 7, 2015) ORGANIZATIONS American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, (800) 227-2345, http://www.cancer.org/ U.S Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, (888) INFO-FDA (463-6992), http://www.fda.gov/ Tracy Gardner Beno, RN REVIEWED BY DENISE M LINTON, DNS, FNP-BC Meloxicam Definition Meloxicam is part of a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) It helps relieve swelling in joints by reducing certain hormones in the body Purpose The anti-inflammatory properties of meloxicam can help relieve swelling and the associated symptoms of arthritis by blocking certain enzymes that help make Food and other substances Patients should tell their doctor if they are on a special diet, such as a low-salt or high-protein diet Resources PERIODICALS Ruiz, Garcia V., et al “Megestrol Acetate for Treatment of Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3, art no CD004310 (2013) http://dx doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004310.pub3 (accessed March 12, 2015) Yaxley, A., et al “Pharmacological Interventions For Geriatric Cachexia: A Narrative Review of the Literature.” Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 16, no (2012): 148–54 WEBSITES MedlinePlus “Megestrol.” U.S National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682003.html (accessed March 7, 2015) “Megestrol.” Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/mtm/megestrol html (accessed March 7, 2015) 562 Meloxicam, 7.5 mg (Reprinted with permission Copyright 1974–2015 Truven Health Analytics Inc All rights reserved.) G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Index Migraine headaches (continued) valproic acid for the prevention of, 2:935, 936 zolmitriptan for, 2:968–969, 970 Milnace See Milnacipran Milnacipran, 2:605, 605–610 Milpran See Milnacipran Minart See Candesartan Mineral supplements See Vitamin and mineral supplements Minitran Patch See Nitroglycerin Minocin See Minocycline Minocycline, 2:610, 610–613 Mint-Losartan/HCTZ See Losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide Mint-Tramadol/Acet See Tramadol/ acetaminophen Mipomersen interactions, 1:477 Mirapex See Pramipexole Mirfat See Furosemide Mirtazapine, 2:613, 613–615 Misulvan See Milnacipran Misuse of drugs See Addiction and dependence; Substance abuse Mitgare See Colchicine Mobic See Meloxicam Modafinil, 2:615, 615–617 Modsenal See Tramadol Mometasone, 2:617–619, 618 Monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions albuterol/ipratropium, 1:19 amitriptyline, 1:35 atomoxetine, 1:65 bupropion, 1:105 buspirone, 1:109 cetirizine, 1:158 citalopram, 1:173 cyclobenzaprine, 1:211 cyproheptadine, 1:215 desipramine, 1:223 desvenlafaxine, 1:227 dextroamphetamine, 1:236 doxepin, 1:259 duloxetine, 1:267 escitalopram, 1:294 fluoxetine, 1:350 fluvoxamine, 1:358, 359 guanfacine, 1:394 imipramine, 1:434 linezolid, 1:517 lisdexamfetamine, 1:526 methadone, 2:579 milnacipran, 2:609 mirtazapine, 2:614 1066 nortriptyline, 2:653–654 oxcarbazepine, 2:690–691 paroxetine, 2:710 phentermine, 2:716 rizatriptan, 2:800 salmeterol, 2:809 sertraline, 2:811 sumatriptan, 2:845, 846 trazodone, 2:912 venlafaxine, 2:953 zolmitriptan, 2:970, 972 Monoclonal antibodies glatiramer interactions, 1:378 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:594 pimecrolimus interactions, 2:722 prednisone interactions, 2:745 rituximab, 2:788–791 Monodox See Doxycycline Monoket See Isosorbide Mononucleosis, 1:44, 70 Monopril See Fosinopril Montelukast, 2:620, 620–622 Mood changes carbamazepine precautions, 1:127 levetiracetam side effects, 1:504 methylprednisolone side effects, 2:593 prednisone side effects, 2:745 “Morning-after pill,” 1:508–511 Morphine, 2:622, 622–624 Motion sickness, promethazine for, 2:751 Motrin See Ibuprofen Mouth infections See Oral infections Movement disorders baclofen for, 1:73 pramipexole for, 2:731–732 propranolol for, 2:754 Moxatag See Amoxicillin Moxif See Moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin, 2:625, 625–628 Moxivig See Moxifloxacin Moxof See Moxifloxacin MS Contin See Morphine mTOR inhibitor interactions, 2:670 MTX See Methotrexate Multiple births, 1:186 Multiple sclerosis glatiramer for, 1:376–377 interferon beta 1a for, 1:462–465 methotrexate off-label use, 2:583 methylprednisolone for, 2:591 Multivitamins See Vitamin and mineral supplements Munocine See Minocycline Mupirocin, 2:628, 628–630 Muscle pain, 1:68, 201 Muscle relaxants baclofen, 1:73–75 carisoprodol, 1:132–134 cyclobenzaprine, 1:209–211 diazepam, 1:237–240 lithium carbonate interactions, 1:532 metaxalone, 2:569–571 methocarbamol, 2:579–582 tizanidine, 2:884–888 Muscle tissue breakdown ezetimibe precautions, 1:318–319 irbesartan precautions, 1:470 lovastatin side effects, 1:551 pravastatin side effects, 2:740 Mutum See Fluconazole My Way See Levonorgestrel Myambutol See Ethambutol Myasthenia gravis, 1:70, 2:626 Mycobacterial infections, clarithromycin for, 1:175, 176 MycoCeaze See Terbinafine Mycomax See Fluconazole Mycophenolate mofetil interactions, 1:511 Mycostatin See Nystatin Mycosyst See Fluconazole Myelodysplastic syndrome, pegfilgrastim for, 2:711 Myelosuppression, 1:12, 2:711, 713, 755 Mylan-Amoxicillin See Amoxicillin Mylan-Clindamycin See Clindamycin Mylan-Fentantyl See Fentanyl Mylan-Losartan/HCTZ See Losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide Mylan-Minocycline See Minocycline Mylan-Nifedipine Extended Release See Nifedipine Myocardial infarction aspirin for, 1:54 epinephrine for, 1:282 etodolac precautions, 1:313 ibuprofen precautions, 1:428 indomethacin precautions, 1:439–440 ketoprofen precautions, 1:485 ketorolac precautions, 1:489 lisinopril for, 1:527, 528, 529 meloxicam precautions, 2:563 metoprolol for, 2:598, 599 nabumetone precautions, 2:631–632 prasugrel for, 2:733 G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S N Nabumetone, 2:631, 631–633 Nadostine See Nystatin Naloxone See Buprenorphine/naloxone Naltrexone interactions, 2:579 Namenda See Memantine Naproxen with sumatriptan, 2:843 Narcolepsy, 1:51, 2:586, 587, 615, 616 Narcotics baclofen interactions, 1:75 fentanyl, 1:330–334 hydrocodone/acetaminophen, 1:403–406 hydrocodone/ibuprofen, 1:406–410 hydromorphone, 1:411–415 methadone, 2:576–579 oxycodone, 2:693–697 oxycodone/acetaminophen, 2:697–701 pregabalin interactions, 2:750 tramadol, 2:899–902 tramadol/acetaminophen, 2:903–906 Narlecin See Erythromycin Nasacort See Triamcinolone Nasal congestion, epinephrine for, 1:282 Nasal septum perforation, 1:90 Nausea and vomiting hydroxyzine for, 1:419–421 lorazepam for, 1:537, 538 meclizine for, 2:555 metoclopramide for, 2:594, 595 ondansetron for, 2:676–679, 678 promethazine for, 2:751 Nebicard See Nebivolol Nebilox See Nebivolol Nebinorm See Nebivolol Nebisam See Nebivolol Nebiscop See Nebivolol Nebispes See Nebivolol Nebiten See Nebivolol Nebitrix See Nebivolol Nebivolol, 2:633, 633–638 Nemirostad See Nebivolol Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, 1:404 NeoProfen See Ibuprofen Neoral See Cyclosporine Nephrotic syndrome, prednisone for, 2:744 Nepiphar See Nebivolol Neplit See Budesonide Nervalin See Pregabalin Nervine interactions, 1:75 Neulasta See Pegfilgrastim Neulastim See Pegfilgrastim Neumocort See Budesonide Neuralgia, pregabalin for, 2:746, 747 Neuraminidase inhibitors, 2:684–688 Neuroblastomas, isotretinoin off-label use for, 1:474 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome aripiprazole precautions, 1:49 olanzapine side effects, 2:665 paliperidone precautions, 2:704, 705 quetiapine precautions, 2:758 venlafaxine interactions, 2:953 Neurological side effects, 1:532, 2:857 Neurontin See Gabapentin Neuropathic pain clonidine for, 1:189 duloxetine for, 1:263–264, 265 oxycodone off-label use, 2:694 pregabalin for, 2:746, 747 Neutropenia, pegfilgrastim for, 2:711–713 Neutrophil levels, 1:78, 82, 124 Nevotek See Levofloxacin New daily persistent headaches, sumatriptan for, 2:842 Nexium See Esomeprazole Nexplanon See Etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol Next Choice See Levonorgestrel Niacin interactions atorvastatin, 1:68 glipizide, 1:386 interferon beta 1a, 1:466 lovastatin, 1:551 Nicorol See Furosemide Nicotine patch therapy with bupropion, 1:105–106 Nifediac CC See Nifedipine Nifedical XL See Nifedipine Nifedipine, 2:638, 638–641 Nifureten See Nitrofurantoin Nilstat See Nystatin Nilstat Suspension See Nystatin Nitrates, 1:471–473, 2:854 Nitro-Dur Patch See Nitroglycerin Nitrofurantoin, 2:641, 641–644 G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S Nitroglycerin, 2:644, 644–646, 813, 854 Nitroimidazoles, 2:602–604 Nitrolingual See Nitroglycerin Nitromist See Nitroglycerin Nitrostat See Nitroglycerin Nizoral See Ketoconazole N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, 2:564–566 Noax See Tramadol Nobile, Arthur, 2:742 Nodular acne, isotretinoin for, 1:473–474 Nogestat See Levonorgestrel Nolvadex See Tamoxifen Nonbenzodiazepines, 1:300–303 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rituximab for, 2:788–789 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 1:271–273 Nonselective beta-blockers, 2:829–832 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole interactions, 1:58 candesartan interactions, 1:121 celecoxib, 1:149–152 diclofenac, 1:241–243 etodolac, 1:311–315 fosinopril interactions, 1:363 ibuprofen, 1:427–430 indomethacin, 1:439–441 irbesartan interactions, 1:471 ketoprofen, 1:484–487 ketorolac, 1:487–490 levofloxacin interactions, 1:507 lisinopril interactions, 1:530 lithium carbonate interactions, 1:532 losartan interactions, 1:543 meloxicam, 2:562–564 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 metoprolol interactions, 2:601 milnacipran interactions, 2:609 moxifloxacin interactions, 2:627 nabumetone, 2:631–633 olmesartan interactions, 2:670 prasugrel interactions, 2:737 prednisone interactions, 2:745 rizatriptan interactions, 2:800 sumatriptan interactions, 2:846 telmisartan interactions, 2:863 warfarin interactions, 2:961 zolmitriptan interactions, 2:972 Nontricyclic antidepressants, 1:103–106 Norco See Hydrocodone/ acetaminophen Nordette See Oral contraceptives 1067 Index Myocardial infarction (continued) pravastatin for prevention of, 2:738 ramipril for prevention of, 2:772, 773 timolol for, 2:878 Myocarditis, 1:198 Myopathy, 1:177 Myorisan See Isotretinoin Index Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol, 2:646–651, 647 Norepinephrine, 1:63 NorLevo See Levonorgestrel Normaten See Atenolol Normodipine See Amlodipine Norpramin See Desipramine Nortriptyline, 2:651–654, 652 Norvasc See Amlodipine Noten See Atenolol Novamoxin See Amoxicillin Noventron See Ondansetron Novo-Cefaclor See Cefaclor Novo-Diltiazem See Diltiazem Novo-Furantoin See Nitrofurantoin Novo-Glyburide See Glyburide NovoLog See Insulin aspart Novo-Metformin See Metformin Novo-Minocycline See Minocycline Novo-Nidazol See Metronidazole NovoPen See Insulin aspart Novo-Profen See Ibuprofen NovoRapid See Insulin aspart NTP-Amoxicillin See Amoxicillin Nu-Amoxi See Amoxicillin Nu-Cefaclor See Cefaclor Nu-Cephalex See Cephalexin Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 1:271–273, 491–495 Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors, 2:823–826 Nu-Diltiaz See Diltiazem Nu-Glyburide See Glyburide Nu-Metformin See Metformin Nu-Metoclop See Metoclopramide Nu-Metop See Metoprolol Nu-tetracycline See Tetracyclines NuvaRing See Etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol Nuvigil See Armodafinil Nyaderm See Nystatin NyoGel See Timolol Nyolol See Timolol Nystatin, 2:654–658, 655 Nystop Powder See Nystatin O Obesity almotriptan precautions, 1:29 captopril for hypertension, 1:122 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:408 1068 See also Weight loss Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 1:357, 2:809, 810 Obstructive sleep apnea, 1:51, 2:615, 616 Obucort See Budesonide Octapeptides, 2:659–663 Octreotide, 2:659, 659–663 Octride See Octreotide Ocudox See Doxycycline Ocular hypertension, timolol for, 2:876, 877, 879 Oculpres See Timolol Odemase See Furosemide O-Din See Olopatadine Off-label use alprazolam, 1:31 amoxicillin, 1:42 aripiprazole precautions, 1:49–50 baclofen, 1:73 bevacizumab, 1:89 bupropion, 1:103 carbamazepine, 1:126 celecoxib, 1:149 ciprofloxacin, 1:166 citalopram, 1:172 clindamycin, 1:178 clonazepam, 1:187 clonidine, 1:189 colesevelam, 1:203 conjugated estrogens, 1:206 cyclobenzaprine, 1:209 cyproheptadine, 1:214 diclofenac, 1:242 doxepin, 1:257 doxycycline, 1:260–261 dutasteride, 1:268 fenofibrate, 1:327 finasteride, 1:338 fluoxetine, 1:348 fluvoxamine, 1:357 fosinopril, 1:361 gabapentin, 1:369 glatiramer, 1:376 hydrochlorothiazide, 1:400 ibuprofen, 1:427 indomethacin, 1:439 infliximab, 1:443 insulin aspart, 1:447 insulin lispro, 1:458 interferon beta 1a, 1:463 irbesartan, 1:469 isotretinoin, 1:474 ketoconazole, 1:479 ketoprofen, 1:484 linezolid, 1:517 losartan, 1:540 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:544 lovastatin, 1:549 megestrol, 2:560 mesalamine, 2:567 metformin, 2:572, 574 methotrexate, 2:583 methylprednisolone, 2:590 metoclopramide, 2:595 metoprolol, 2:598, 600 mupirocin, 2:628 nebivolol, 2:634 nifedipine, 2:638 octreotide, 2:660 olanzapine, 2:664 ondansetron, 2:676–677 oxycodone, 2:694 pimecrolimus, 2:720 pioglitazone, 2:723 prednisone, 2:742 pregabalin, 2:747 propranolol, 2:753 ramelteon, 2:769 rifampin, 2:780 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 2:837 terazosin, 2:866 topiramate, 2:892 tranexamic acid, 2:907 tretinoin, 2:913 valacyclovir, 2:932 varenicline, 2:947 Oflocet See Olopatadine Ofran See Ondansetron Oftadina See Olopatadine Oftan See Timolol Olanzapine, 2:664, 664–666 Olmesartan, 2:666, 666–671 Olmetec See Olmesartan Oloblu See Olopatadine Olodin See Olopatadine Olopak See Olopatadine Olopat See Olopatadine Olopatadine, 2:671, 671–673 Olpadin See Olopatadine Omegacand See Candesartan Omeprazole, 2:673, 673–676 Omesar See Olmesartan Omnicef See Cefdinir Omnimox See Moxifloxacin Ondansetron, 2:676, 676–680 Ondanz See Ondansetron G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Organ transplantation, 1:211–212, 2:849 Orlistat interactions, 2:750 Ormidol See Atenolol Oronazol See Ketoconazole Orphan drugs, 2:572, 659 Ortho Evra See Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol Ortho-cept See Oral contraceptives Ortho-Novum See Oral contraceptives Orthostatic hypotension See Hypotension Ortho-Tri-Cyclen See Oral contraceptives Orudis See Ketoprofen Oruvail See Ketoprofen Oscimin See Hyoscyamine sulfate Oseltamivir, 2:684–688, 685 Ossmax See Alendronate Osteoarthritis celecoxib for, 1:150, 152 diclofenac for, 1:242 etodolac for, 1:311, 312 indomethacin for, 1:439 meloxicam for, 2:563 nabumetone for, 2:631 Osteod See Calcitriol Osteofos See Alendronate Osteonecrosis of the jaw, 1:22 Osteoporosis alendronate for, 1:20–21 ibandronate for, 1:425–426 levothyroxine precautions, 1:513 medroxyprogesterone precautions, 2:558 mometasone precautions, 2:619 raloxifene for, 2:765, 766, 767 risedronate for, 2:783–784 topiramate precautions, 2:894 zoledronic acid for, 2:966–967 Osteotriol See Calcitriol Otanol See Calcitriol Otitis media See Ear infections Ouliting See Rizatriptan Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, 1:185–186 Ovarian stimulation, tamoxifen for, 2:855, 856 Ovcon See Oral contraceptives Overactive bladder See Urinary issues Overdose amlodipine, 1:38 baclofen, 1:75 benztropine, 1:87 desvenlafaxine, 1:226 escitalopram precautions, 1:292 G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S fluconazole, 1:344 furosemide, 1:367 hydrocodone/acetaminophen, 1:404 insulin detemir precautions, 1:452 insulin glargine precautions, 1:456 levonorgestrel, 1:510 losartan, 1:542 metformin, 2:574 methadone, 2:578 methocarbamol interactions, 2:582 milnacipran, 2:607 nebivolol precautions, 2:635 octreotide, 2:662 oxycodone/acetaminophen precautions, 2:699 pravastatin precautions, 2:739–740 rizatriptan precautions, 2:798 sotalol, 2:832 tizanidine precautions, 2:886 tramadol/acetaminophen precautions, 2:903 verapamil SR precautions, 2:956 Over-the-counter drug interactions, 2:750, 961 Ovex See Mebendazole Ovulation stimulants, 1:184–186 Oxazolidinone drugs, 1:516–519 Oxcarbazepine, 2:689, 689–691 Oxiklorin See Hydroxychloroquine Oxybutynin, 2:691, 691–693 Oxycodone, 2:693–697, 694 Oxycodone/acetaminophen, 2:694, 697–702, 698 P Paget disease of the bone, zoledronic acid for, 2:966–967 Pain relievers See Analgesics Paliperidone, 2:703, 703–706 Palladon See Hydromorphone Pamelor See Nortriptyline Pamprin See Ibuprofen Panafort See Prednisone Panax ginseng interactions, 1:243 Panazil See Gemfibrozil Pancreatitis fenofibrate side effects, 1:329 methylprednisolone side effects, 2:593 prednisone side effects, 2:745 sitagliptin precautions, 2:819 valproic acid precautions, 2:936 Panic disorder, 1:31, 172, 187 1069 Index Onsolis See Fentanyl Onychomycosis, 1:343, 479 Opat See Olopatadine Opatanol See Olopatadine Opioids acetaminophen/codeine, 1:1–3 buprenorphine/naloxone, 1:99–103 fentanyl, 1:330–334 hydrocodone/acetaminophen, 1:403–406 hydrocodone/ibuprofen, 1:406–410 hydromorphone, 1:411–415 morphine, 2:622–624 oxycodone, 2:693–697 oxycodone/acetaminophen, 2:697–701 pregabalin interactions, 2:750 tramadol, 2:899–902 tramadol/acetaminophen, 2:903–906 Opopan See Olopatadine Optimol See Timolol Option See Levonorgestrel Oral contraceptives, 2:680, 680–684 amoxicillin precautions, 1:43 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid interactions, 1:47 armodafinil interactions, 1:53 azithromycin precautions, 1:70 carbamazepine interactions, 1:128 cefaclor dosage precautions, 1:139 cefdinir precautions, 1:142 cefixime interactions, 1:146 cephalexin interactions, 1:155 clindamycin interactions, 1:181 doxycycline interactions, 1:263 erythromycin interactions, 1:290 isotretinoin interactions, 1:477 lamotrigine interactions, 1:496 levofloxacin interactions, 1:507 levonorgestrel, 1:508–511 linezolid interactions, 1:519 medroxyprogesterone, 2:557–559 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 minocycline interactions, 2:612 prednisone interactions, 2:745 rifampin interactions, 2:782 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim precautions, 2:838 tetracycline interactions, 2:876 zolmitriptan interactions, 2:972 Oral infections, 1:180, 341, 343, 344, 2:618 Oral mucositis, 1:333 Oretic See Hydrochlorothiazide Index Pantoprazole, 2:706, 706–708 Paracetamol See Acetaminophen/ codeine Paracoccidioidomycosis, ketoconazole for, 1:479, 481 Parapres See Candesartan Parasin See Albendazole Parasites albendazole for, 1:11–12 hydroxychloroquine for malariacausing mosquitoes, 1:415–417 mebendazole for, 2:553–554 metronidazole for, 2:602 Parcopa See Carbidopa/levodopa Parkinsonian side effects benztropine for, 1:86 haloperidol, 1:398 metoclopramide, 2:597 quetiapine, 2:759 risperidone, 2:787 Parkinson’s disease, 1:129–130, 2:732, 800, 801 Paroex See Chlorhexidine Paroxetine, 2:708, 708–710, 740 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, diltiazem for, 1:249 Pataday See Olopatadine Patadine See Olopatadine Patalon See Olopatadine Patanase See Olopatadine Patanol See Olopatadine Patetin See Indomethacin Patient profiles albuterol, 1:15 almotriptan, 1:28 bupropion, 1:106 captopril, 1:125 carbamazepine, 1:128 celecoxib, 1:152 dabigatran, 1:220 diazepam, 1:239 diphenhydramine, 1:251 eszopiclone, 1:303 finasteride, 1:339 hydrocodone/acetaminophen, 1:405 liraglutide, 1:522 loperamide, 1:536 methotrexate, 2:585 omeprazole, 2:675 pregabalin, 2:749 raloxifene, 2:767 ranitidine, 2:779 simvastatin, 2:816 Pat-Tramadol/Acet See Tramadol/ acetaminophen 1070 Pau d’arco interactions, 1:243 Paxil See Paroxetine PCE See Erythromycin PDE5 inhibitor interactions, 2:854 Pegfilgrastim, 2:711, 711–714 Peginterferon alfa/ribavirin, 2:825–826 Pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor See Pegfilgrastim Pehacort See Prednisone Pelvic inflammatory disease, clindamycin for, 1:180 Pemzek See Candesartan Penicillin allergies cefaclor precautions, 1:140 cefdinir precautions, 1:142 cefixime precautions, 1:144 cefprozil precautions, 1:148 cephalexin precautions, 1:155 mupirocin precautions, 2:629 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim precautions, 2:838–839 tobramycin/dexamethasone precautions, 2:889 Penicillin drugs amoxicillin, 1:42–44 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 1:45–47 levonorgestrel interactions, 1:510 Pennsaid See Diclofenac Pentasa See Mesalamine Pepcid See Famotidine Peptic ulcers, 1:175, 2:563, 631 Perampanel interactions, 1:158 Percocet See Oxycodone; Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Percodan See Oxycodone Periactin See Cyproheptadine Pericarditis, ibuprofen for, 1:428 Peridex See Chlorhexidine Periogard See Chlorhexidine Peripheral neuropathy ciprofloxacin precautions, 1:167 ethambutol precautions, 1:310 fenofibrate off-label use for, 1:327 levofloxacin precautions, 1:506 moxifloxacin precautions, 2:626 Pertussis, clarithromycin for, 1:176 Pharyngitis, 1:147, 174, 175 Phenobarbital interactions, 1:543, 2:710 Phenothiazines, 2:751–753, 757 Phentermine, 2:714, 714–717 Phenylketonuria amoxicillin precautions, 1:44 cefprozil precautions, 1:148 ondansetron precautions, 2:678 zolmitriptan precautions, 2:971 Phenytoin, 2:717, 717–719 isotretinoin interactions, 1:477 levonorgestrel interactions, 1:510 metformin interactions, 2:575 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 ondansetron interactions, 2:679 oxycodone interactions, 2:696 prednisone interactions, 2:745 Pheochromocytoma diagnosis, 1:190 PHL-Amoxicillin See Amoxicillin PHL-Minocycline See Minocycline Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 2:850–855, 942–945 Photosensitivity as a side effect amitriptyline, 1:34 amoxicillin, 1:43 azithromycin, 1:70 cefaclor, 1:139 cefdinir, 1:142 ciprofloxacin, 1:167–168 clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide, 1:183 erythromycin, 1:289 glipizide, 1:384 griseofulvin, 1:391 hydrochlorothiazide, 1:401–402 imiquimod, 1:437 levofloxacin, 1:506 linezolid, 1:518 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:545 methotrexate, 2:584 metronidazole, 2:603 minocycline, 2:611 moxifloxacin, 2:626 nabumetone, 2:631 oral contraceptives, 2:682 pimecrolimus, 2:720 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 2:838 terbinafine, 2:872 tetracycline, 2:875 tretinoin, 2:914–915 valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 2:940 Phrenilin with caffeine See Acetaminophen/codeine Phytoestrogen interactions, 1:230 Pildar See Gemfibrozil Pimecrolimus, 2:719–722, 720 Pimozide interactions, 1:267 Pioglit See Pioglitazone Pioglitazone, 2:722–727, 723 Pirocin See Mupirocin Pitazone See Pioglitazone Pitoxil See Moxifloxacin G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S telmisartan interactions, 2:863 valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide interactions, 2:942 Potassium levels benazepril side effects, 1:78 benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide side effects, 1:82 candesartan interactions, 1:121 captopril side effects, 1:124 enalapril side effects, 1:277 etodolac precautions, 1:313 furosemide, 1:365, 366 furosemide for, 1:365–366 furosemide interactions, 1:367 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:407 ibuprofen precautions, 1:428 indomethacin precautions, 1:440 insulin lispro side effects, 1:461 irbesartan precautions, 1:470 ketoprofen precautions, 1:486 lisinopril interactions, 1:530 losartan interactions, 1:543 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide precautions, 1:545 methylprednisolone side effects, 2:593 olmesartan interactions, 2:670 olmesartan precautions, 2:668–669 potassium chloride for, 2:727–730 prednisone side effects, 2:745 quinapril precautions, 2:761–762 ramipril side effects, 2:774 sotalol precautions, 2:832 spironolactone, 2:833, 835 spironolactone for, 2:834, 835 spironolactone interactions, 2:836 spironolactone precautions, 2:835 telmisartan interactions, 2:863 telmisartan precautions, 2:862 torsemide interactions, 2:899 valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide precautions, 2:940, 941 Potassium-sparing diuretics, 1:363, 2:833–836 PowerGel See Ketoprofen Pradaxa See Dabigatran Pralip See Pravastatin Pramipexole, 2:731, 731–733 Prasugrel, 2:733–737, 734 Pratin See Pravastatin Pravachol See Pravastatin Pravalip See Pravastatin Pravapres See Pravastatin Pravastatin, 2:737–741, 738 Pravastatina See Pravastatin G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S Pravastatine See Pravastatin Pravastatineatrium See Pravastatin Pravatin See Pravastatin Precautions See specific drugs Predeltin See Prednisone Predicorten See Prednisone Predni Tablinen See Prednisone Prednicort See Prednisone Prednicot See Prednisone Prednidib See Prednisone Prednison acsis See Prednisone Prednisona See Prednisone Prednisona Alonga See Prednisone Prednisona L.CH See Prednisone Prednisone, 1:20, 2:589, 741–746, 742 PredniSONE Intensol See Prednisone Prednitone See Prednisone Predson See Prednisone Pregabalin, 2:746–751, 747 Pregnancy precautions See specific drugs Prehistam See Budesonide/formoterol Premarin See Conjugated estrogens Presolol See Metoprolol Prevacid See Lansoprazole Prevention alendronate for osteoporosis prevention, 1:21 aspirin for stroke and heart attack prevention, 1:54 aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole for stroke prevention, 1:56 clopidogrel for blood clot prevention, 1:192–193 colchicine for gout prevention, 1:200–202 dabigatran for stroke and embolism prevention, 1:217–220 doxycycline for malaria prevention, 1:261 enoxaparin for deep vein thrombosis prevention, 1:278–279 finasteride for prostate cancer prevention, 1:338 nitroglycerin for angina prevention, 2:645 ondansetron for nausea and vomiting prevention, 2:676, 678 pegfilgrastim for infection prevention in cancer patients, 2:711–713 pravastatin for cardiovascular disease prevention, 2:738 propranolol for migraine prevention, 2:753, 754 raloxifene for osteoporosis prevention, 2:765, 766 1071 Index Plan B See Levonorgestrel Planil See Hydroxychloroquine Plaque psoriasis, 1:6, 7, 304, 442–443 Plaquenil See Hydroxychloroquine Plaquinol See Hydroxychloroquine Plavix See Clopidogrel PMS-Amoxicillin See Amoxicillin PMS-Cefaclor See Cefaclor PMS-Cephalexin See Cephalexin PMS-Clindamycin See Clindamycin PMS-Famciclovir See Famciclovir PMS-Fentanyl See Fentanyl PMS-Glyburide See Glyburide PMS-Hydromorphone See Hydromorphone PMS-ISMN See Isosorbide PMS-Losartan/HCTZ See Losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide PMS-Metoprolol See Metoprolol PMS-Minocycline See Minocycline PMS-Nystatin See Nystatin PMS-Ondansetron See Ondansetron PMS-Oxycodone-Acetaminophen See Oxycodone/acetaminophen PMS-Timolol See Timolol PMS-Topiramate See Topiramate PMS-Tramadol/Acet See Tramadol/ acetaminophen PMS-Valacyclovir See Valacyclovir Pneumonia, 1:174–176, 341 Polirreumin See Hydroxychloroquine Polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin for, 2:572, 574 Porphyria, 1:163 Postherpetic neuralgia, 1:321, 2:747 Postinor See Levonorgestrel Post-traumatic stress disorder, clonazepam for, 1:187, 188 Postural hypotension See Hypotension Potassium chloride, 2:727, 727–731 amlodipine/valsartan interactions, 1:42 benazepril interactions, 1:79 benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide interactions, 1:82 candesartan interactions, 1:121 captopril interactions, 1:124 digoxin interactions, 1:246 irbesartan interactions, 1:471 lisinopril interactions, 1:530 losartan interactions, 1:543 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide interactions, 1:548 olmesartan interactions, 2:670 quinapril interactions, 2:762 spironolactone interactions, 2:836 Index Prevention (continued) rivaroxaban for blood clot prevention, 2:791, 792 tacrolimus for graft-versus-host disease prevention, 2:849 timolol for the heart attack and migraine prevention, 2:878 topiramate for migraine prevention, 2:892 valproic acid for migraine prevention, 2:935, 936 Prilosec See Omeprazole Primatene Mist See Epinephrine Primlev See Oxycodone/acetaminophen Prinivil See Lisinopril Pristiq See Desvenlafaxine Priva-Tramadol/Acet See Tramadol/ acetaminophen ProAir HFA See Albuterol Pro-Amox See Amoxicillin PRO-Azithromycine See Azithromycin Probenecid interactions acyclovir, 1:6 amoxicillin, 1:44 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 1:47 cefaclor, 1:140 cefdinir, 1:143 cefixime, 1:146 cefprozil, 1:148 cephalexin, 1:156 famciclovir, 1:324 rifampin, 2:782 Procardia See Nifedipine Procet-30 See Acetaminophen/codeine Proclose See Octreotide Procrit See Epoetin alfa Procyclidine interactions, 2:710 Profemin See Furosemide Progesterone, conjugated estrogens with, 1:207 Progestins levonorgestrel, 1:508–511 medroxyprogesterone, 2:557–559 megestrol, 2:560–562 norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol, 2:646–651 oral contraceptives, 2:681 Program See Tacrolimus Prokinetic agents, 2:594–597 Promeral See Fenofibrate Promethazine, 2:751, 751–753 Pronison See Prednisone Propecia See Finasteride Prophylactic antibiotics cephalexin, 1:153 1072 clarithromycin, 1:174, 175, 176 clindamycin, 1:179 nitrofurantoin, 2:642 Propranolol, 1:60, 400, 2:753, 753–755, 799 Proquin See Ciprofloxacin Proscar See Finasteride Prostate cancer, 1:269, 338 Prostate disease, 1:408 Prostate enlargement benztropine use in men with, 1:87 doxepin precautions, 1:259 dutasteride for, 1:268–269 finasteride for, 1:338–339 nortriptyline, urinary retention with, 2:653 tadalafil for, 2:851 terazosin for, 2:866–867, 868 trazodone side effects, 2:911–912 Prostate-specific antigen tests, 1:269, 339 Proton pump inhibitors dexlansoprazole, 1:228–230 esomeprazole or, 1:295–297 lansoprazole, 1:497–499 omeprazole, 2:673–676 pantoprazole, 2:706–708 rabeprazole, 2:763–765 Protonix See Pantoprazole Protopic See Tacrolimus Protrin DF See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Proventil HFA See Albuterol Provera See Medroxyprogesterone Provil See Ibuprofen Prozac See Fluoxetine Pseudomembranous colitis amoxicillin precautions, 1:43 azithromycin precautions, 1:70 cefaclor dosage precautions, 1:139–140 cefdinir precautions, 1:142 cephalexin precautions, 1:154 erythromycin precautions, 1:289 levofloxacin precautions, 1:506 linezolid precautions, 1:518 metronidazole precautions, 2:603 minocycline precautions, 2:611 moxifloxacin precautions, 2:626 mupirocin precautions, 2:629 nitrofurantoin precautions, 2:642 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim precautions, 2:838 tetracycline precautions, 2:875 Psoriasis, 1:115, 2:582–583 Psoriatic arthritis, 1:6–7, 304 Psychiatric drug interactions, 2:782 Psychiatric precautions See Mental health precautions Psychosis, 1:408, 2:652 Psychotropis interactions, 2:670 Pu Li Duo See Benazepril Pulmicort See Budesonide Pulmodual See Albuterol/ipratropium Pulmonary arterial hypertension, 2:812, 850, 851–853 Pulmonary embolisms, 2:791, 792 Pulmonary tuberculosis, 1:309 Purine nucleoside analogs, 1:321–324 Pyelonephritis See Kidney infections Pyridine-sulfonylurea diuretics, 2:895–899 Q Qsymia See Phentermine QT interval levofloxacin precautions, 1:506 moxifloxacin precautions, 2:626 ondansetron interactions, 2:679 sotalol precautions, 2:831, 832 Qualipantyl See Fenofibrate Qudexy XR See Topiramate Quensyl See Hydroxychloroquine Quetiapine, 2:757–760, 758 Quic-K See Potassium chloride Quinapril, 2:760, 760–762 Quinidine interactions, 1:250, 2:654 Quinolones ciprofloxacin, 1:166–168 ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone, 1:169–171 isotretinoin interactions, 1:477 levofloxacin, 1:505–507 metformin interactions, 2:575 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 moxifloxacin, 2:625–628 ondansetron interactions, 2:679 prednisone interactions, 2:745 Quinoric See Hydroxychloroquine R Rabeprazole, 2:763–765, 764 Race/ethnicity, 1:274, 277, 2:804 Radiation therapy, 1:160, 2:678, 713 Ralivia See Tramadol G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine precautions, 1:111 cetuximab precautions, 1:160 fentanyl precautions, 1:332, 333 hydrocodone/acetaminophen precautions, 1:404 hydromorphone precautions, 1:412, 413 metronidazole side effects, 2:604 morphine side effects, 2:624 oseltamivir precautions, 2:687 oxycodone interactions, 2:696 oxycodone precautions, 2:695 oxycodone/acetaminophen precautions, 2:699, 700 pegfilgrastim precautions, 2:713 propranolol side effects, 2:755 sotalol precautions, 2:832 tramadol precautions, 2:900 Respiratory tract infections, 1:147, 174 Restless legs syndrome, 2:732, 800 Restofos See Alendronate Restoril See Temazepam Retin-A See Tretinoin Retinoids, 1:473–477, 2:912–915 Revatio See Sildenafil Revellex See Infliximab Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, 1:91 Rexaphenac See Diclofenac Reye syndrome, 1:54 Rhabdomyolysis, 1:68, 318–319 Rheumacin See Indomethacin Rheumadolor See Indomethacin Rheumatoid arthritis adalimumab for, 1:6–7 celecoxib for, 1:150 diclofenac for, 1:242 etanercept for, 1:304 etodolac for, 1:311, 312 hydroxychloroquine for, 1:415, 416 indomethacin for, 1:439 infliximab for, 1:442–443 meloxicam for, 2:563 methotrexate for, 2:582–583, 585 nabumetone for, 2:631 prednisone for, 2:743 sulfasalazine for, 2:840, 841 Rheumatrex See Methotrexate Rhinitis, 2:787 Rhinocort See Budesonide Rhodacine See Indomethacin Ribavirin, sofosbuvir with, 2:825–826 Ribomustin See Bendamustine Rifadin See Rifampin G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S Rifampin, 1:250, 543, 2:780, 780–783 Rifamycin antibiotics, 2:593, 745 Rilast See Budesonide/formoterol Rimactane See Rifampin Ringworm, 1:341, 389–392, 479 Riomet See Metformin Risedronate, 2:783, 783–785 Risperdal See Risperidone Risperidone, 2:785, 785–788 Ritalin See Methylphenidate Rituxan See Rituximab Rituximab, 2:788–791, 789 Riva-Clindamycin See Clindamycin Rivacocet See Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Riva-Loperamide See Loperamide Riva-Minocycline See Minocycline Rivaroxaban, 2:791, 791–794 Rivastigmine, 2:794, 794–796 Rizact See Rizatriptan Rizaliv See Rizatriptan Rizalt See Rizatriptan Rizamig See Rizatriptan Rizat See Rizatriptan Rizatan See Rizatriptan Rizatriptan, 2:796, 796–800 Roaccutane See Isotretinoin Robaxin See Methocarbamol Rocaltrol See Calcitriol Rofact See Rifampin Rolcaltrol See Calcitriol Ropinirole, 2:800–802, 801 Ropril See Captopril Rosacea, 1:261, 474, 2:677 Rosazol See Metronidazole Rose hip interactions, 1:156, 230 Rosemide See Furosemide Rosuvastatin, 2:802–806, 803 Rowasa See Mesalamine Roxicet See Oxycodone; Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Roychlor See Potassium chloride Rozerem See Ramelteon Rum-K See Potassium chloride Rysmon See Timolol S Sage interactions, 1:211 St John’s wort interactions citalopram, 1:173 clonazepam, 1:189 cyproheptadine, 1:215 1073 Index Raloxifene, 2:765, 765–768 Ramelteon, 2:768, 768–772 Ramipril, 2:772, 772–774 RAN-Fentanyl See Fentanyl Ranibizumab, 2:774–777, 775 Ranitidine, 2:777, 777–780 Ranolazine interactions, 1:53, 2:617 RAN-Tramadol/Acet See Tramadol/ acetaminophen Ratacand See Candesartan Ratio-Diltiazem See Diltiazem Ratio-Emtec-30 See Acetaminophen/ codeine Ratio-Glyburide See Glyburide Ratio-Indomethacin See Indomethacin Ratio-Ipra Sal Udv See Albuterol/ ipratropium Ratio-Lenoltec No See Acetaminophen/codeine Ratio-Methotrexate Sodium See Methotrexate Ratio-Minocycline See Minocycline Ratio-Oxycocet See Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Ratio-Terazosin See Terazosin Ratio-Topiramate See Topiramate Rayos See Prednisone Razadyne See Galantamine Reactine See Cetirizine Rebif See Interferon beta 1a Rebound insomnia, 2:865 Reclast See Zoledronic acid Rectodel See Prednisone Red clover interactions, 1:227, 267 Red yeast rice interactions, 1:552, 2:805, 817 Reformin See Metformin Reglan See Metoclopramide Rejuva-A See Tretinoin Relafen See Nabumetone Remeron See Mirtazapine Remicade See Infliximab Reminyl See Galantamine Ren Shu See Albuterol/ipratropium Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor interactions, 1:530 Renitec See Enalapril Reovan-A See Amlodipine/valsartan Repaglinide interactions, 1:375 Reprexain See Hydrocodone/ibuprofen Requip See Ropinirole Respiratory issues acetaminophen/codeine precautions, 1:2 Index St John’s wort interactions (continued) dabigatran, 1:220 desvenlafaxine, 1:227 dexlansoprazole, 1:230 digoxin, 1:246 diphenhydramine, 1:253 duloxetine, 1:267 escitalopram, 1:294 esomeprazole, 1:297 estradiol, 1:300 etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol, 1:317 imatinib, 1:432 isotretinoin, 1:477 levonorgestrel, 1:511 losartan, 1:543 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:548 lovastatin, 1:551 methylprednisolone, 2:594 milnacipran, 2:609 nifedipine, 2:640 norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol, 2:651 omeprazole, 2:675 ondansetron, 2:679 oral contraceptives, 2:684 oxcarbazepine, 2:691 prednisone, 2:746 sertraline, 2:811 sofosbuvir, 2:826 tadalafil, 2:855 vardenafil, 2:945 verapamil, 2:957 Salbair-I See Albuterol/ipratropium Salbutamol See Albuterol Salicylates aspirin, 1:53–55 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 metoprolol interactions, 2:601 prednisone interactions, 2:746 Salipra See Albuterol/ipratropium Salix See Furosemide Salmeterol, 2:807–809, 808 See also Fluticasone/salmeterol Salt interactions, 2:670, 836 Salt substitute interactions amlodipine/valsartan, 1:42 benazepril, 1:79 benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:82 candesartan, 1:121 captopril, 1:124 fosinopril, 1:363 lisinopril, 1:530 losartan, 1:543 1074 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:548 potassium chloride, 2:731 spironolactone, 2:836 telmisartan, 2:863 Salvacolina See Loperamide Sanaprav See Pravastatin Sandimmun See Cyclosporine Sandimune See Cyclosporine Sandostatin See Octreotide Sandoz Amlodipine See Amlodipine Sandoz Diltiazem See Diltiazem Sandoz Famciclovir See Famciclovir Sandoz Fenofibrate-S See Fenofibrate Sandoz Fentanyl See Fentanyl Sandoz Glyburide See Glyburide Sandoz Loperamide See Loperamide Sandoz Pioglitazone See Pioglitazone Sandoz Timolol See Timolol Sandoz topiramate See Topiramate Sandoz-Linezolid See Linezolid Sandoz-Losartan HCT See Losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide Sandoz-Minocycline See Minocycline Sandoz-Oxycodone/Acetaminophen See Oxycodone/acetaminophen Saneloc See Metoprolol Sang Cya See Cyclosporine Sansasepton See Erythromycin Sarafem See Fluoxetine Savella See Milnacipran Saxenda See Liraglutide Scarring, 1:476 Schedule II drugs fentanyl, 1:331 hydrocodone/acetaminophen, 1:404 hydrocodone/ibuprofen, 1:407 hydromorphone, 1:411 oxycodone, 2:694 oxycodone/acetaminophen, 2:698 Schedule III drugs acetaminophen/codeine, 1:1 buprenorphine/naloxone or, 1:100 Schedule IV drugs tramadol, 2:899 tramadol/acetaminophen, 2:903 Schizophrenia aripiprazole, 1:48 clozapine for, 1:196–197 paliperidone for, 2:703–704 quetiapine for, 2:757 risperidone for, 2:786 ziprasidone, 2:963–964 Sclerosing cholangitis, ursodiol for, 2:921 Sebifin See Terbinafine Seboclear See Minocycline Seborrheic dermatitis, ketoconazole for, 1:479 Secalip See Fenofibrate Second-generation antipsychotic drugs See Atypical antipsychotic drugs Sedation See Drowsiness Sedatives See Central nervous system depressants; Hypnotics; Tranquilizers Seizures and seizure disorders bupropion precautions, 1:104–105 clozapine precautions, 1:198, 199 efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir precautions, 1:272 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:408 levofloxacin precautions, 1:506 methylprednisolone side effects, 2:593 metoclopramide precautions, 2:597 moxifloxacin precautions, 2:626 nortriptyline precautions, 2:652 oral contraceptives precautions, 2:683 quetiapine precautions, 2:758–759 risperidone precautions, 2:787 tramadol precautions, 2:900 tramadol/acetaminophen precautions, 2:904 See also Anticonvulsant drugs Seldia See Loperamide Selective COX-2 inhibitor interactions, 1:543 Selective estrogen receptor modulators, 2:765–767 Selective norepinephrine rupake inhibitors, 1:63–65 Selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, 1:263–267, 2:846, 950–953 Selective serotonin receptor agonists almotriptan, 1:26–31 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 milnacipran interactions, 2:609 rizatriptan, 2:796–800 sumariptan, 2:842–846 zolmitriptan, 2:968–972 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram, 1:171–173 clopidogrel interactions, 1:193 escitalopram, 1:291–294 fluoxetine, 1:348–350 fluvoxamine, 1:357–359 metoprolol interactions, 2:601 G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Shabdomyolysis, 1:551 Shankhpushpi, 2:719 Shanqing See Rizatriptan Shepherd’s purse, 1:215 Shift workers, 1:51, 2:615, 616 Shingles See Varicella-zoster virus Siarval See Amlodipine/valsartan Siberian ginseng interactions, 2:705 Sickle-cell disease, 2:713 Side effects See specific drugs Sildenafil, 2:812, 812–813 Silenor See Doxepin Silkis See Calcitriol Simcor See Simvastatin Simvastatin, 1:177, 318, 375, 2:814, 814–817 Sinemet See Carbidopa/levodopa Sinequan See Doxepin Sinestic See Budesonide/formoterol Singulair See Montelukast Sinpebac See Mupirocin Sinusitis, 1:147, 175–176 Sirolimus interactions, 1:363 Sitagliptin, 2:817–820, 818 Sitagliptin/metformin, 2:820, 820–823 Skelaxin See Metaxalone Skeletal muscle relaxants See Muscle relaxants Skin infections cefprozil for, 1:147 clarithromycin for, 1:174–176 griseofulvin for, 1:389–391 ketoconazole for, 1:479 mupirocin for, 2:628–629 nystatin for, 2:656–657 terbinafine for, 2:870–871 Skin issues bendamustine precautions, 1:84 butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine precautions, 1:110 clozapine side effects, 1:199 efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir precautions, 1:272 etodolac precautions, 1:313 fenofibrate side effects, 1:329 griseofulvin precautions, 1:391 hydrocodone/ibuprofen, 1:408 ibuprofen precautions, 1:429 indomethacin precautions, 1:440 ketoprofen precautions, 1:486 lamotrigine precautions, 1:496 metronidazole side effects, 2:604 norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol precautions, 2:649 oxybutynin side effects, 2:693 G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S oxycodone/acetaminophen precautions, 2:699 tretinoin for, 2:913 ziprasidone side effects, 2:964 Skull pressure See Intracranial pressure Sleep medications See Hypnotics Sleep-related behaviors doxepin interactions, 1:260 doxepin precautions, 1:258 ramelteon precautions, 2:770 zolpidem side effects, 2:974 Slow-K See Potassium chloride Smoking celecoxib interactions, 1:152 insulin aspart interactions, 1:450 insulin detemir interactions, 1:454 insulin lispro interactions, 1:462 levonorgestrel interactions, 1:511 lovastatin interactions, 1:551 metoprolol interactions, 2:601 ondansetron interactions, 2:679 oral contraceptives precautions, 2:682 risperidone interactions, 2:788 ropinirole precautions, 2:801 tizanidine interactions, 2:888 Smoking-cessation drugs, 1:103–106, 2:946–949 SNRIs See Selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Social phobias, propranolol off-label use for, 2:753, 754 Sofosbuvir, 2:823, 823–827 Solaraze See Diclofenac Solifenacin, 2:827, 827–829 Solodyn See Minocycline Solu-Medrol See Methylprednisolone SOMA See Carisoprodol Sone See Prednisone Sophidone See Hydromorphone Sorine See Sotalol Sotalol, 2:829, 829–833 Sotalol AF, 2:829, 831 Souladol See Tramadol Sovaldi See Sofosbuvir Span-K See Potassium chloride Spasticity, baclofen for, 1:73–74 Spinal issues, 1:218–219, 279–280 Spinal opioid-induced pruritus, 2:677 Spiriva See Tiotropium Spironolactone, 1:68, 551, 2:833, 833–836 Spleen issues, 2:713 Sporotrichosis, fluconazole for, 1:341, 343 1075 Index Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (continued) milnacipran interactions, 2:609 olmesartan interactions, 2:670 paroxetine, 2:708–710 rizatriptan interactions, 2:799–800 sertraline, 2:809–811 sumatriptan interactions, 2:846 trazodone interactions, 2:912 zolmitriptan interactions, 2:972 Selegiline interactions, 1:350, 359, 2:873 Seniors See Geriatric persons Sepsis, 1:84 Septra DS See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Septra Injection See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Serevent See Salmeterol Serophene See Clomiphene Seroquel See Quetiapine Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors almotriptan precautions, 1:27, 30 desvenlafaxine, 1:223–227 milnacipran, 2:605–609 zolmitriptan interactions, 2:972 Serotonin syndrome almotriptan precautions, 1:27, 30 desvenlafaxine precautions, 1:226 duloxetine precautions, 1:265, 267 escitalopram precautions, 1:292 fluoxetine interactions, 1:350 fluoxetine precautions, 1:350 fluvoxamine precautions, 1:358 linezolid precautions, 1:517–518, 519 milnacipran precautions, 2:607, 608, 609 oxcarbazepine interactions, 2:690–691 sertraline interactions, 2:811 Sertraline, 2:809–812, 810 Servambutol See Ethambutol Setegis See Terazosin Setron See Ondansetron Severe nodular acne, isotretinoin for, 1:473–474 Sexual side effects, 1:173, 323, 437 Sexually transmitted diseases azithromycin precautions, 1:70 cefixime for, 1:144 etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol precautions, 1:316 oral contraceptives precautions, 2:682 Index Sportflex See Indomethacin Sprains and strains, cyclobenzaprine for, 1:209 Sprix See Ketorolac Squamous cell carcinoma, lovastatin for, 1:549 SNRIs See Selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SSRIs See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Stabilanol See Fluconazole Stalene See Fluconazole Stalevo See Carbidopa/levodopa Stanhexidine See Chlorhexidine Statins atorvastatin, 1:66–68 colchicine interactions, 1:202 ezetimibe with, 1:318 fenofibrate interactions, 1:330 gemfibrozil interactions, 1:375 lovastatin, 1:549–552 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 pravastatin, 2:737–741 prednisone interactions, 2:745 rosuvastatin, 2:802–805 simvastatin, 2:814–817 Sterapred See Prednisone Sterne, Jean, 2:573 Steroids, 2:820, 888–890 See also Corticosteroids STI571 See Imatinib Stieva-A See Tretinoin Stimulants See Central nervous system stimulants Stomach cancer, 1:296 Stoperan See Loperamide Strattera See Atomoxetine Strep throat, 1:154, 176 Stroke aspirin for, 1:54 aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole for prevention of, 1:56 clopidogrel for prevention of, 1:192 diclofenac precautions, 1:242 etodolac precautions, 1:313 ibuprofen precautions, 1:428 indomethacin precautions, 1:439–440 ketoprofen precautions, 1:485 ketorolac precautions, 1:489 losartan for the prevention of, 1:539–541 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide for the prevention of, 1:544 1076 meloxicam precautions, 2:563 nabumetone precautions, 2:631–632 prasugrel precautions, 2:735 pravastatin for prevention of, 2:738 ramipril for prevention of, 2:772, 773 rivaroxaban for the prevention of, 2:791, 792 rizatriptan precautions, 2:798 Subgingival calculus, 1:165 Suboxone See Buprenorphine/naloxone Substance abuse acetaminophen/codeine precautions, 1:2 butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine precautions, 1:111 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:408 lisdexamfetamine precautions, 1:524 oxycodone precautions, 2:695 oxycodone/acetaminophen precautions, 2:699, 700 See also Addiction and dependence Subsys See Fentanyl Suicidality amitriptyline precautions, 1:34 bupropion precautions, 1:105 desipramine precautions, 1:222 doxepin precautions, 1:258 duloxetine precautions, 1:265 fluvoxamine precautions, 1:358 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:408 imipramine precautions, 1:433 milnacipran precautions, 2:607 mirtazapine precautions, 2:614 nortriptyline precautions, 2:652 quetiapine precautions, 2:758 topiramate precautions, 2:894 trazodone precautions, 2:910 varenicline precautions, 2:948 Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 2:836–840 Sulfasalazine, 2:840, 840–842 Sulfatrim See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Sulfil See Mebendazole Sulfonylurea drugs glimepiride, 1:379–381 glipizide, 1:382–385 glyburide, 1:386–389 sitagliptin interactions, 2:820 sitagliptin/metformin interactions, 2:823 torsemide, 2:895–899 Sulprex See Albuterol/ipratropium Sumatriptan, 2:842–847, 843 escitalopram interactions, 1:294 venlafaxine interactions, 2:953 Sumavel See Sumatriptan Sun sensitivity See Photosensitivity Sunburn, 1:388 Sunitinib interactions, 1:91 Superficial basal cell carcinoma, imiquimod for, 1:435–437 Supracalm Duo See Tramadol/ acetaminophen Suprax See Cefixime Surgery aspirin precautions, 1:54 clindamycin for surgical prophylaxis, 1:179 clindamycin interactions, 1:181 epoetin alfa with, 1:285 imipramine precautions, 1:433 lithium carbonate precautions, 1:531 ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting, 2:676, 678 oral contraceptives precautions, 2:682 pioglitazone precautions, 2:725 prasugrel precautions, 2:735 Suyuni See Colchicine Swallowing issues, 1:22 Symbicort See Budesonide/formoterol Symenorrhea, diclofenac for, 1:242 Synapryn FusePaq See Tramadol Synthroid See Levothyroxine Systemic lupus erythematosus, 1:408, 415, 416 T Tacrolimus, 2:849–850, 850 Tadalafil, 2:850–855, 851 Tafen See Budesonide Tailening See Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Take Action See Levonorgestrel Tamiflu See Oseltamivir Tamoxifen, 2:855–858, 856 Tamsulosin, 2:858, 858–860 Tanding See Nitrofurantoin Tanning lamps, 2:720 Tanyl See Fentanyl Tardive dyskinesia clozapine, 1:197 haloperidol, 1:398 metoclopramide precautions, 2:596 olanzapine side effects, 2:665 G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S Teva-Trimel See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Theophylline interactions, 2:627, 684, 782 Therabloc See Atenolol Thiazide diuretics, 1:80 Thiazolidinediones, 2:722–726 Thienopyridine drugs, 2:733–737 Thioridazine interactions, 2:710 Third-generation cephalosporins, 1:141–143, 143–146 Thrombocytopenia, 1:280 Thromboembolisms See Blood clots and blood clotting issues Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2:736 Thrush See Oral infections Thyroid hormones, 1:511–514 Thyroid issue precautions, 1:319, 531, 532, 2:758 Thyroid medication interactions, 2:575, 782 Thyroid tumors, 1:521–522 Thyroxine, 1:511–514 Tiazac See Diltiazem Tiazac XC See Diltiazem Ticocarol See Calcitriol Tigicon See Fenofibrate Tiloryth See Erythromycin Timabak See Timolol Timocomod See Timolol Timo-Comod See Timolol Timogel See Timolol TimoHEXAL See Timolol Timolast See Timolol Timolol, 2:876–882, 877 See also Dorzolamide/timolol Tim-Ophtal See Timolol Timoptic See Timolol Timoptol See Timolol Timosan See Timolol Timpotic See Timolol Tinea infections fluconazole for, 1:341 griseofulvin for, 1:389–392 ketoconazole for, 1:479 terbinafine for, 2:870–872 Tinnitus, 1:367 Tiof See Timolol Tiotropium, 2:882, 882–884 Tirocal See Calcitriol Tirosint See Levothyroxine Tivanyl See Milnacipran Tivorbex See Indomethacin Tizanidine, 1:510, 2:884, 884–888 G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S TNF-alpha inhibitors See Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors Tobradex See Tobramycin/ dexamethasone Tobramycin/dexamethasone, 2:888, 888–890 Tofranil See Imipramine Toledomin See Milnacipran Toll-like receptor 7, 1:436 Tolmus See Tramadol/acetaminophen Tolterodine, 2:890, 890–892 Tonsillitis, 1:147, 174, 175 Topamax See Topiramate Topiragen See Topiramate Topiramate, 2:715, 892, 892–895 Toprol-XL See Metoprolol Toradol See Ketorolac Toragamma See Torsemide Torasemid See Torsemide Torasemida See Torsemide Torem See Torsemide Torsemide, 2:895–899, 896 Tourette syndrome dexmethylphenidate precautions, 1:231 dextroamphetamine precautions, 1:236 lisdexamfetamine precautions, 1:524 methylphenidate precautions, 2:588 Toxic shock syndrome, clindamycin for, 1:180 Tramacet See Tramadol/acetaminophen Tramadol, 2:899, 899–902 Tramadol/acetaminophen, 2:903, 903–906 Tramaphen-Odan See Tramadol/ acetaminophen Tranexamic acid, 2:906–909, 907 Tranquilizers alprazolam, 1:31–33 diazepam, 1:237–240 Haloperidol, 1:397–399 lorazepam, 1:537–539 pregabalin interactions, 2:750 Transient ischemic attacks, 2:735 Traumatic brain injuries, 1:333, 2:700 Trazodone, 2:910, 910–912, 953 Treanda See Bendamustine Trego See Mupirocin Tremors, 1:532, 2:753, 754 Tretinoin, 2:912–915, 913 Trexall See Methotrexate Treximet See Sumatriptan Triacet See Triamcinolone Triacet-30 See Acetaminophen/codeine 1077 Index Tardive dyskinesia (continued) quetiapine precautions, 2:758 Targin See Oxycodone/acetaminophen Targinact See Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Tatsujipin See Benazepril Tavaloxx See Levofloxacin Taxtia XT See Diltiazem Tea interactions, 1:35 Tefilin See Tetracyclines Tegretol See Carbamazepine Telaprevir interactions, 1:68 Telmisartan, 2:861, 861–863 Temazepam, 2:863–866, 864 Tenalol See Atenolol Tendinitis, 1:439, 506, 2:626 Tendon rupture, 1:506, 2:626 Tenkuoren See Benazepril Tenormin See Atenolol Tensaprin See Carisoprodol Tensiomin See Captopril Tension headaches, butalbital/ acetaminophen/caffeine for, 1:110 Teranar See Terazosin Terasin See Terazosin Teraumon See Terazosin Terazosin, 2:866, 866–870 Terbinafine, 2:601, 870, 870–873 Terbisil See Terbinafine Teriflunomide interactions, 1:477 Tesical See Mebendazole Tetanus, methocarbamol for, 2:579, 581 Tetracyclines, 2:873–876, 874 amoxicillin interactions, 1:44 doxycycline, 1:260–263 isotretinoin interactions, 1:477 levonorgestrel interactions, 1:510 minocycline, 2:610–612 Tetrana See Tetracyclines Teva See Metformin Teva-Clindamycin See Clindamycin Teva-Fentanyl See Fentanyl Teva-Furosemide See Furosemide Teva-Hydromorphone See Hydromorphone Teva-Lamivudine/Zidovudine See Lamivudine/zidovudine Teva-Losartan/HCTZ See Losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide Teva-Metaprolol See Metoprolol Teva-Nitrofurantoin See Nitrofurantoin Teva-Topiramate See Topiramate TEVA-Tramadol/Acetaminophen See Tramadol/acetaminophen Index Triamcinolone, 2:915, 915–917 Triazolam, 2:917–919, 918 Triazole drugs, 1:340–346 TriCor See Fenofibrate Tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, 1:33–35 cyclobenzaprine interactions, 1:211 desipramine, 1:221–223 doxepin, 1:257–260 imipramine, 1:432–434 milnacipran interactions, 2:609 nortriptyline, 2:651–654 ondansetron interactions, 2:679 prednisone interactions, 2:746 salmeterol interactions, 2:809 Triderm See Triamcinolone Tridural See Tramadol Trifas See Torsemide Triflucan See Fluconazole Trigeminal neuralgia, carbamazepine for, 1:126, 128 Triglide See Fenofibrate Triglyceride levels, 1:185, 2:669 See also Cholesterol-lowering drugs Tri-K See Potassium chloride Trileptal See Oxcarbazepine Trimethoprim See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Triplix See Fenofibrate Triptans See Selective serotonin receptor agonists Triptosig See Rizatriptan Trisul See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Trisulfa See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Trizadol See Rizatriptan Trofurit See Furosemide Trokendi XR See Topiramate Tryptophan interactions, 2:609, 710 Tuberculosis adalimumab precautions, 1:8–9 etanercept precautions, 1:306 ethambutol for, 1:308–309 infliximab precautions, 1:444 prednisone for, 2:743 rifampin for, 2:780, 781 Tumor lysis syndrome, 1:84, 2:790 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, 1:6–10, 304–307, 442–446 Tumors, 1:521–522, 2:560–561 Twin-K See Potassium chloride Twisthaler See Mometasone Tylenol See Acetaminophen/codeine 1078 Types and diabetes See Antidiabetes drugs Tyramine, 1:517–518 Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor interactions, 2:679 U Uceris See Budesonide Udihep See Ursodiol Ulcerative colitis adalimumab, 1:7 infliximab for, 1:442–443 mesalamine for, 2:566–567 sulfasalazine for, 2:840, 841 Ulcers, peptic See Peptic ulcers Ulradol See Etodolac Ultracet See Tramadol/acetaminophen Ultram See Tramadol Ultraviolet light exposure sensitivity See Photosensitivity Ultreon See Azithromycin Uniao Prednisona See Prednisone Unidox See Doxycycline Unithroid See Levothyroxine Unitimolol See Timolol Urdox See Ursodiol Urex See Furosemide Uric acid levels, 1:23–25 Urinary issues finasteride for, 1:338–339 metronidazole side effects, 2:604 nortriptyline side effects, 2:653 oxybutynin for, 2:691–692 solifenacin for, 2:827–828 tamsulosin for, 2:858 tolterodine for, 2:890, 891 trazodone side effects, 2:911–912 Urinary tract infections, 1:167, 2:641 Urine test interactions, 1:239, 2:568 Urosan See Ursodiol Ursa See Ursodiol Ursacol See Ursodiol Urso See Ursodiol Urso 250 See Ursodiol Urso Forte See Ursodiol Ursobil See Ursodiol Ursochol See Ursodiol Ursodiol, 2:921–925, 922 Ursolic See Ursodiol USP See Hydromorphone Uterine fibroids, 1:186 V Vaccinations, 2:927–931 Vaccine interactions amoxicillin, 1:44 azithromycin, 1:71 cefaclor, 1:140 cefdinir, 1:143 cefixime, 1:146 cefprozil, 1:148 cephalexin, 1:155 clindamycin, 1:181 cyclosporine, 1:213 glatiramer, 1:378 linezolid, 1:519 methotrexate, 2:584, 586 methylprednisolone, 2:592, 594 metronidazole, 2:604 minocycline, 2:612 mupirocin, 2:630 nitrofurantoin, 2:643 prednisone, 2:746 tacrolimus, 2:849 Vacontil See Loperamide Vaginal atrophy, conjugated estrogens for, 1:205–207 Vaginal infections, nystatin for, 2:655, 656, 657 Vaginal rings, 1:315–317 Valacyclovir, 1:5, 2:931, 931–935 Valaxam See Amlodipine/valsartan Valerian interactions, 1:215, 539, 2:691 Valium See Diazepam Valley fever See Coccidioidomycosis Valproic acid, 1:496, 510, 2:670, 935–938, 936 Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 2:938, 938–942 Valtrex See Valacyclovir Vannair See Budesonide/formoterol Vardenafil, 2:942, 942–946 Varenicline, 2:946, 946–950 Varicella-zoster virus, 1:4–6, 321–322, 2:932, 933 Vartalan AM See Amlodipine/valsartan Vascoten See Atenolol Vaseretic See Enalapril Vasocard See Metoprolol Vasocardin See Metoprolol Vasodilators, 1:471–473 Vasospastic angina, 1:36, 39 Vasotec See Enalapril Vectical See Calcitriol Vedilol See Carvedilol G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S ibandronate interactions, 1:426 norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol interactions, 2:651 tetracycline interactions, 2:876 timolol interactions, 2:881 torsemide interactions, 2:899 Vitamin C interactions, 2:651 Vitamin D calcitriol, 1:115, 116, 118 ibandronate interactions, 1:426 pioglitazone interactions, 2:726 risedronate interactions, 2:785 Vitamin interactions alendronate interactions, 1:22 allopurinol interactions, 1:25 carbidopa/levodopa interactions, 1:131 fluconazole interactions, 1:346 minocycline interactions, 2:612 omeprazole interactions, 2:676 rabeprazole interactions, 2:765 warfarin interactions, 2:960–961 Vitamin K antagonist interactions amoxicillin, 1:44 cefaclor, 1:140 cefdinir, 1:143 Vitamin K interactions, 2:960–961 Vivalol See Metoprolol Vivanza See Vardenafil Voltaren See Diclofenac Vometron See Ondansetron Vonum See Indomethacin Votum See Olmesartan Vulvar atrophy, conjugated estrogens for, 1:205–207 Vyloma See Imiquimod Vytorin See Simvastatin W Warfarin, 2:959, 959–962 dabigatran compared to, 1:218 fluvoxamine interactions, 1:359 levonorgestrel interactions, 1:510 lovastatin interactions, 1:551 meloxicam interactions, 2:564 methylprednisolone interactions, 2:593 nabumetone interactions, 2:633 pantoprazole interactions, 2:708 prednisone interactions, 2:745 rabeprazole interactions, 2:764 raloxifene interactions, 2:767 G A L E E N CY C L O P E D I A O F P R E S C R I P TI O N D R U G S sulfasalazine interactions, 2:842 Water retention See Diuretics Weight loss liraglutide for, 1:520–523, 521 megestrol for reversing, 2:560 metformin for, 2:572 phentermine for, 2:714–715 Welchol See Colesevelam Wellbutrin See Bupropion West of Scotland Coronary PRevention Study, 2:738 Wet age-related macular degeneration, ranibizumab for, 2:775 White blood cell count, 1:198 Wilflam See Hydroxychloroquine Willis-Ekbom disease See Restless legs syndrome Willow bark interactions, 1:156 Wilovex See Levofloxacin Windel Plus See Albuterol/ipratropium Winolap See Olopatadine Winpred See Prednisone Withdrawal alprazolam off-label use, 1:31, 32 buprenorphine/naloxone for symptoms of, 1:100 butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine precautions, 1:110 carisoprodol precautions, 1:133 clonidine for, 1:190 cyclobenzaprine precautions, 1:210 desvenlafaxine precautions, 1:224, 225–226 dextroamphetamine precautions, 1:235 duloxetine precautions, 1:265 escitalopram precautions, 1:292 eszopiclone precautions, 1:301 fentanyl precautions, 1:333 hydrocodone/acetaminophen precautions, 1:404 hydrocodone/ibuprofen precautions, 1:407–408 hydromorphone precautions, 1:413 lisdexamfetamine precautions, 1:524 loperamide patient profile, 1:536 methylphenidate precautions, 2:587 milnacipran precautions, 2:607 morphine precautions, 2:623 phenytoin precautions, 2:718 temazepam precautions, 2:864 tramadol precautions, 2:900 tramadol/acetaminophen precautions, 2:904 Wormex See Mebendazole 1079 Index Venlafaxine, 1:224, 2:950–953, 951 Ventofor-Combi See Budesonide/ formoterol Ventolin HFA See Albuterol Ventricular arrhythmias, sotalol for, 2:829–830 Veramex retard See Verapamil SR Verapamil SR, 2:953–957, 954 Verasal Retard See Verapamil SR Vercef See Cefaclor Verelan PM See Verapamil SR Vermicide See Mebendazole Vermigen See Albendazole Vermox See Mebendazole Verogalid ER See Verapamil SR Veroptinstada retard See Verapamil SR Versid See Mebendazole Verteporfin interactions, 2:776 VESIcare See Solifenacin Viagra See Sildenafil Vibramycin See Doxycycline Vicodin See Hydrocodone/ acetaminophen Vicoprofen See Hydrocodone/ibuprofen Victoza See Liraglutide Vigamox See Moxifloxacin Vimovo See Esomeprazole VIPomas, 2:659, 661 Virdual See Lamivudine/zidovudine Vision issues clomiphene precautions, 1:185 ethambutol precautions, 1:310 etodolac precautions, 1:313 indomethacin precautions, 1:440 ketoprofen precautions, 1:485 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide precautions, 1:546 metronidazole side effects, 2:604 nitrofurantoin precautions, 2:642 norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol precautions, 2:649 ranibizumab precautions, 2:775 ranibizumab side effects, 2:776 timolol side effects, 2:880 tranexamic acid side effects, 2:909 See also Eye issues Vistaril See Hydroxyzine Vitamin A interactions, 1:346 Vitamin and mineral supplements alendronate interactions, 1:22 carbidopa/levodopa interactions, 1:131 cefdinir interactions, 1:143 colesevelam interactions, 1:205 griseofulvin interactions, 1:393 Index Worms See Parasites Wormwood interactions, 2:719 Wound healing, 1:90, 91 X Xanax See Alprazolam Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, 1:23–25 Xarelto See Rivaroxaban Xartemis XR See Oxycodone/ acetaminophen Xin Qu See Rizatriptan Xolegel See Ketoconazole Xolox See Oxycodone/acetaminophen Xopenex See Levalbuterol Xulane See Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol Y Yaila See Vardenafil Yeast infections, 1:341, 343, 2:603, 604 Yesan See Timolol Yohimbe interactions desvenlafaxine, 1:227 duloxetine, 1:267 escitalopram, 1:294 guanfacine, 1:395 losartan, 1:543 losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 1:548 olmesartan, 2:670 terazosin, 2:869 Yosenob See Fenofibrate Yuzpe, A Albert, 1:509 1080 Z Zafin See Tramadol Zaldiar See Tramadol/acetaminophen Zanaflex See Tizanidine Zantac See Ranitidine Zaprace See Benazepril Zaprace-D See Benazepril/ hydrochlorothiazide Zapto See Captopril Zatium See Pioglitazone Zayasel See Terazosin Zebutal See Butalbital/acetaminophen/ caffeine Zecuity See Sumatriptan Zegerid See Omeprazole Zelitrex See Valacyclovir Zenafluk See Fluconazole Zenatane See Isotretinoin Zestril See Lisinopril Zetia See Ezetimibe Zeto See Azithromycin Zhuo Yi See Carvedilol Ziac, 1:400 Zide See Hydrochlorothiazide Zidomax See Lamivudine/zidovudine Zidovudine, 1:55 See also Lamivudine/zidovudine Zilop See Gemfibrozil Zimig See Terbinafine Zinadiur See Benazepril/ hydrochlorothiazide Zinadril See Benazepril Zinc interactions, 2:627 Ziprasidone, 2:963–966, 964 Zipsor See Diclofenac Zithromax See Azithromycin Zizolid See Linezolid Zmax See Azithromycin Zocor See Simvastatin Zoform See Metformin Zofran See Ondansetron Zoledronic acid, 2:966, 966–968 Zolinid See Linezolid Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pantoprazole for, 2:706, 707 Zolmitriptan, 2:968, 968–972 Zoloft See Sertraline Zolpidem, 2:972–975, 973 Zoltrim forte See Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Zometa See Zoledronic acid Zomig See Zolmitriptan Zomigon See Zolmitriptan Zomigoro See Zolmitriptan Zordil See Ondansetron Zorvolex See Diclofenac Zoticus See Metoprolol Zovilam See Lamivudine/zidovudine Zovirax See Acyclovir Zubsolv See Buprenorphine/naloxone Zuplenz See Ondansetron Zyban See Bupropion Zyclara See Imiquimod Zydus See Rosuvastatin Zyloprim See Allopurinol Zyprexa See Olanzapine Zy-Q See Hydroxychloroquine Zyrova See Rosuvastatin Zyrtec See Cetirizine Zytram XL See Tramadol Zyven-OD See Desvenlafaxine Zyvox See Linezolid Zyvoxam See Linezolid G A LE E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F PR E S C R I PT I O N DR U G S ... when the drug was introduced by Bristol-Myers Squibb The FDA approved the extended-release formulation of metformin in October 20 00 The drug went off patent in the United States in 20 02 Riomet, the. .. Benefits of Metformin in Attenuation of Atherosclerosis.” Journal of the American Heart Association 3, no (20 14): e00 120 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ JAHA.114.00 120 2 (accessed March 6, 20 15) Jain,... also vary with the health of the patient and the other drugs being given There is no way to predict who will experience side effects of MPA Among the more common side effects of MPA are: • increased