Syntax 3 types of clauses

Week 11: Types of Clauses Types of clauses • In term of clause types SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of clause connection independent & dependent clauses • In term of clause function nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses Overview  A clause is a unit formed around a lexical verb, including all optional and obligatory elements associated with the verb  Constituent structure: Subject (NP) + predicate (VP)  Sentence elements: S, V, O, C, A (They selected him chairman yesterday) Types of clauses • In term of clause patterns SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of clause subordination independent & dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses Types of clauses according to clause patterns  SV : She smiles  SVC : He is a genius  SVA : They were out of cash  SVO : I lost my key  SVOO : They gave him a black box  SVOC : She found him crying  SVOA : He put the vase on the table Types of clauses • In term of clause patterns SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of clause subordination independent & dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses 2/2 Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Verbless clause Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause - contains a subject and a predicate - verb phrase having tense, person & number concord, & mood Verbless clause Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Infinitive with to -ing participle Infinitive without to -ed participle Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Infinitive with to Without S: With S: -ing participle Infinitive without to -ed participle The best thing would be to tell everybody The best thing would be for you to tell everybody Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Infinitive with to -ing participle Infinitive without to -ed participle Without S: Leaving the room, he tripped over the mat With S: Her aunt having left the room, I declared my passionate love for Celia Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Without S: With S: Infinitive with to -ing participle Infinitive without to -ed participle All I did was hit him on the head Rather than John it, I’d prefer to give the job to Mary Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Without S: With S: Infinitive with to -ing participle Infinitive without to -ed participle Covered in snow, he looked like a snowman We left the room and went home, the job finished Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Verbless clause Ellipsis of the verb ‘be’ - Dozens of people died in the accident, many of them children - Whether right or wrong, he always dominates the arguments Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Verbless clause Reduction of non-finite clauses - Too nervous to reply, he stared at the book in front of him and dared not look up Types of clauses • In term of clause patterns SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of subordination independent & dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses Types of clauses Independent clause  A clause that can form a sentence itself  Can be conjoined by means of a conjunction E.g − She loves him − He doesn't love her − She loves him but he doesn't love her Types of clauses Dependent/Subordinate clause  A clause that is part of another clause, which may be introduced by a subordinating marker E.g  − She think (that) she will win − If you try, you'll make it − He earns as much as you A subordinate clause can function as S, O, Cs, Co, A, complement of NP or Adj Types of clauses • In term of clause patterns SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of clause subordination independent & dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses Types of clauses By function Nominal clause Adverbial clause Adjectival clause Types of clauses By function Nominal clause S: That you were wrong is undeniable Adverbial clause Od: Do you know if the teacher has come yet? Oi: She gave whoever came into the store a handful of sweets clauseto speak in court Cs: The problem isAdjectival that he refuses Co: You can call me whatever you like Types of clauses By function Nominal clause Adverbial clause Time: When I am retired, I will travel the world Place: Where they had been, we saw nothing Adjectival clause Condition: If you’re kind to her, she will anything for you Reason: I didn’t call him because I totally forgot Types of clauses By function Nominal clause • Pizza,which most people love, is not very healthy • The people whose names are on the list will stay Adverbial clause • He remembers the old days when there was no TV Adjectival clause ... dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses 2/2 Types of clauses By verb phrase Finite clause Nonfinite clause Verbless clause Types of clauses By... & dependent clauses • In term of clause functions nominal, adverbial & adjectival clauses Types of clauses By function Nominal clause Adverbial clause Adjectival clause Types of clauses By function... complement of NP or Adj Types of clauses • In term of clause patterns SV, SVC, SVA, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA • In term of verb phrase finite; non-finite & verbless clauses • In term of clause subordination