thuyet trinh mon nghien cuu khoa hoc

TOPIC : WRITING THE ABSTRACT Lecturer: Nguyen Thi Ha GROUP 7: 1.Nguyen Thi Trang (11313180) 2.Nguyen Thi Trang (11313126) Mai Thu Trang Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang OUTLINE I Introduction II Body 1.The primary purpose of an abstract in guide readers 2.Essential elements of the abstracts are 3.Questions that an abstract answers 4.Qualities of a good astract Steps to writing effective abstract 6.Don’ts 7.Where to find examples of abstracts 8.Example of a good abstract Example of a bad abstract III Conclusion 5.3 Questions that an abstract answers - Why did you this study or project? - What did you do, and how? - What did you find? - What your findings mean? If the paper is about a new method the last two questions might be changed to: - What are the advantages of the method? -How well does it work? => An abstract should include the few things you would like your reader to remember long after the details of your paper may be forgotten 5.4 Qualities of a good abstract -Well developed paragraphs are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone -Uses an introduction/ body/ conclusion structure which presents the report’s purpose, results, conclusions, and recommendation in that order -Follows strictly the chronology of the report -Provides logical connections (or transitions) between the information included -Adds no new information, but simple summarizes the report -Is understandable to a wide audience -Uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information 5.7 Where to find examples of abstracts • • • The best source: journal articles ( biology journals or electronic journals on the web) Read the abstract; read the article Pick the best ones, the examples where the abstract makes the article easier to read, and figure out how they it The more abtracts you read, the easier it is to spot the good one 5.8 Example of a good abtract A good abtract is made up of four parts: - Aim/purpose - Methodology - Results -Conclusions • Aim/ purpose: should state the reason why we care about the problem or the primary objectives of the experiment Eg: This study examines how Australian learners of Indonesian perform requests in everyday situation compared to Indonesian speakers The purpose of this study was to determine if children between the ages of nine and twelve with dyslexia are able to read and understand with more accuracy passages presented when the positive and negative space is reversed (black background with white letters) • Methodology: describe techniques used in conducting the experiment Eg: • The data was collected by means of interactive role play Results: should relate the observations and/or data collected during the experiment Eg: Result showed that both groups of subject favour the same request type: query preparatory • Conclusion: should state the evaluation or analysis of the experiment results It should also briefly state the implications of these results