Câu gián tiếp

A Định nghĩa Câu tường thuật (hay gọi câu nói gián tiếp) cách nói mà ta dùng để tường thuật hay kể lại cho nghe người khác nói nói Ví dụ: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" => He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before B Các yếu tố biến đổi lời nói gián tiếp Thời động từ Đại từ nhân xưng Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ định Trạng từ không gian Trạng từ thời gian I Thì động từ Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn Hiên tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thànli Quá khứđơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đdn: will/ shall would/ should Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to II Động từ khuyết thiếu lùi thời so với câu trực tiếp: can => could will=> would shall => should must => had to may => might III Đại lừ nhân xưng câu gián tiếp thay đổi phù hợp với vai trò người trần thuât I -> he/she we -> they you -> they/l/he/her me -> him/her us -> them you -> them/me/him/her Vidu: IV Đại từ sở hữu câu gián tiếp thay đổi phù hợp với vai trò người trần thuật my -> her/his our > their your -> them/my/his/her mine > his/hers ours -> theirs yours -> theirs/mine/his/hers V Đại từ câu gián tiếp thay đổi sau this -> that these -> those VI Trạng từ thời gian thay đổi theo Here-> There Now-> Then Today -> That day Ago -> Before Tomorrows The next day / the following day The day after tomorrow -> In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday -> The day before / the previous day The day before yesterday -> Two day before Next week -> The following week Last week -> The previous week / the week before 10 Last year -> The previous year / the year before C Dạng câu gián tiếp đặc biệt I Câu hỏi dùng trợ động từ: - Trong câu gián tiếp thêm "if" "whether" mệnh đề theo sau biến đổi dạng khẳng định - Công thức: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O … - Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder, want to know - Ví dụ: She said "Do you want to go with me?" -> She asked if I wanted to with her II Câu dùng từ để hỏi - Trong câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi mệnh đề sau từ hỏi dạng khẳng định - Công thức: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O - Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder, want to know - Ví dụ: He asked "what time Witt you come?" -> He asked what time I woutd come III Shall/ would dùng để diễn tả đề nghi, lời mời: Ví dụ: "Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked -> He offered to bring me some tea Tom asked: ’Shall we meet at the theatre?’ -> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre IV Will/would dùng để diễn tả yêu câu: - Công thức: S + asked + (O) + to infinitive Ví dụ: "Will you help me, please?" -> He asked me to help him V Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu c'âu lời nói gián tiếp - Công thức: S + told + (O) + (not) + to infinitive Ví dụ: " Go away!" -> He told me/The boys to go away VI Lời khuyên - Công thức: Should/Had better / If I were you => S + advised + (O) + (not) + to infinitive/ Hoặc: S + Say/tell (+ that) + chủ từ + should Ví dụ: “You should turn off the lights, Mary” Jane said –> Jane advised Mary to turn off the lights “If I were you, I would phone her,” he said -> He advised me to phone her VII Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp - Công thức: S + exclaimed + that + Clause Ví dụ: "What a lovely dress!" -> She exclaimed that the dress was lovely VIII Câu gợi ý lời nói gián tiếp - Công thức: Why don’t you / Why not / How about/ Let’s/ Shall we / It’s a good idea → S+ suggested + (someone) + V-ing … Ví dụ: Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said → He suggested me sending her some flowers “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said → He suggested meeting outside the cinema “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said → She suggested going for a picnic that weekend IX Câu điều kiện Nếu lời nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện có câu điều kiện loại thay đổi thì, câu điềukiện loại giữ nguyên hình thức động từ chúng Ví dụ: “If I have time, I will visit her,” he said.→ He said that if he had time he would visit her She said: “If I had enough money, I would buy a car.” → She said that if she had enough money she would buy a car X Lời mời lời nói gián tiếp - Công thức: Would you like / Will you → S + invited someone + to-inf Ví dụ: “Will you have lunch with me?” he said → He invited me to have lunch with him XI Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp Lời nói trực tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán: Ví dụ: She said, "can you play the piano?" and I said “no" -> She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not D Các động từ thường dùng - tell/ told: Dùng trần thuật, kể lại - ask/ wonder/ want to know: câu hỏi - tell/ ask/ require/ request/ demand + sb + to st: Yêu cầu, đề nghị hay đòi hỏi làm - order sb to st: lệnh cho làm - advise sb to st: khuyên nên làm - invite sb to dost: mời - exclaim: dùng cho câu cảm thán - apologize (to sb) for st/ for doing st: xin lỗi (ai) điều gì/ làm - remind sb to dost: Nhắc nhở làm - accuse sb of St/ doing St: Buộc tội điều gì/ tàm - s + promised + (not) to V: dùng dể hứa - Congartulated on: chúc mừng - Dreamed of: mơ ước - Thanked for: cảm ơn - Insisted on: năn nỉ - Looked forward to: mong đợi - Admitted: thừa nhận - Suggested: gợi ý - Think of: nhớ - Denied: từ chối - Prevented from: ngãn cản - Stop from: dừng lại - Warn .against: cảnh báo Luyện tập He said to her, “You are my friend.” Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” “ Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter The pupils said “ Teacher, give us better marks, please.” My friend said, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?” “ Have you done your homework?”, said my mother I asked Bill,” What time did you go to bed last night?” Paul said, “ I must go home now.” 10 “ There is an accident ”, said the policeman 11 “ We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children 12 “ Must you go now?”, said Mr Brown 13 “ Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom 14 “ Listen to me and don’t make a noise, ”said the teacher to his students 15 “ I’m tired of eating fish”, said Mary to Helen 16 “ The sun always rises in the east,” said Peter 17 “ I didn’t steal your fur coat yesterday,” said Sammy to Jean 18 “ You must your homework everyday”, said Miss Lan to us 19 “ Will we read the story?”, Bill asked his teacher 20 “ I don’t know where Alice is,” said Vicky 21 “ There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry 22 “ Would you mind turning the music down?" Andrew said to Anne 23 “ How much you think it will cost?” He asked 24 “ Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” He said to me 25 “ Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me 26 “ Come in and look around There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper 27 “ I’m sorry I’m late,” she said.” The bus broken down” 28 Mary asked me “ Can you tell me why you are so sad?” 29 “ Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend 30 “ You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter "Where is my umbrella?" she asked She asked "How are you?" Martin asked us Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" He asked "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter The mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked She wanted to know "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me He wanted to know The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know "How you know that?" she asked me She asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me My friend asked me 1 "What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me 10 "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be patient," she said to him → She told him "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us 10 "Mind your own business," she told him 1 She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me "Don't be late," he advised us → He advised us "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him "Don't be angry with me," he said → He asked her "Leave me alone," she said → She told me "Don't drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us "John, stop smoking," she said → She told John "Don't worry about us," they said → They told her 10 "Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me Đáp án He said to her she was his friend Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to that exercise My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after My mother asked me if I had done my homework I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before 10 Paul said that he had to go home then 10 The policeman said that there was an accident 11 The children said that they were waiting for the school bus 12 Mr Brown asked me if I had to go then 13 Tom asked if I was going to visit my aunt the next day 14 The teacher asked his students to listen to him and not to make any noise 15 Mary said Helen she was tired of eating fish 16 Peter said the sun always rises/rose in the east 17 Sammy told Jean that he didn’t steal/hadn’t stolen her coat the day before 18 Miss Lan told us that we must/ had to our homework every day./ Miss Lan asked us to our homework every day 19 Billy asked his teacher if they would read the story 20 Vicky said she didn’t know where Alice was 21 Andrew asked Anne to turn the music down 22 He asked how much I thought it would cost 23 He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand 24 She asked me if I had already reviewed all my lessons 25 The shopkeeper invited us to come in and look round and told us that there was no obligation to buy 26 She apologized for being late and explained that the bus had broken down 27 Jane advised me to take the course 28 Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad 29 Jane asked me to find out when he last wrote to her 30 She urged her daughter to decide what she wanted to 10 She asked where her umbrella was Martin asked us how we were He asked if he had to it The mother asked her daughter where she had been She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best She wanted to know what they were doing He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema The teacher wanted to know who spoke English She asked me how I knew that My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin 10 He wanted to know what the time was She asked me when we would meet again She asked him if he was crazy He wanted to know where they had lived He asked her if she would be at the party She asked me if I could meet her at the station The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer She wanted to know why he didn't help her He asked me if I had seen that car The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room 10 The teacher told Joe to stop talking She told him to be patient Her father told her to go to her room She told us to hurry up He asked her to give him the key She asked Sam to play it again He asked Caron to sit down The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form She told us to take off our shoes She told him to mind his own business 1 10 She told me to go upstairs He told me to close the door behind me He advised us not to be late She told him to stop staring at her He asked her not to be angry with him She told me to leave her alone She warned us not to drink and drive She told John to stop smoking They told her not to worry about them He asked me to meet him at the cinema ... before 10 Last year -> The previous year / the year before C Dạng câu gián tiếp đặc biệt I Câu hỏi dùng trợ động từ: - Trong câu gián tiếp thêm "if" "whether" mệnh đề theo sau biến đổi dạng khẳng... lunch with him XI Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp Lời nói trực tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán: Ví dụ: She said, "can you play... her VII Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp - Công thức: S + exclaimed + that + Clause Ví dụ: "What a lovely dress!" -> She exclaimed that the dress was lovely VIII Câu gợi ý lời nói gián tiếp - Công