viết lại câu và bài tập

viết lại câu viết lại câu viết lại câu viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập viết lại câu và bài tập

VIẾT LẠI CÂU – TIẾT 1

– CÔ MAI PHƯƠNG

I/ - SENTENCE BUILDINGS (CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU HAY THI)

S + BE + ADJ + TO_INF

I am happy to see you here

S + BE + ADJ + CLAUSE

I’m sorry (that) you can’t come (Tôi rất tiếc là bạn không thể đến được.)

S + BE/V + TOO + ADJ/ADV + (FOR + O) + TO_INF

( quá nên không thể )

S + BE/V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + O) + TO_INF

( đủ để làm gì )

Tom is old enough to go to school (Tom đủ tuổi để đi học)

IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) + TO_INF

It is important for everybody to know English

(Mọi người biết Tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng)

IT + BE + ADJ + THAT _ CLAUSE

It is splendid that you passed the exam

IT + BE + ADJ + OF + O + TO_INF

It’s kind of you to help me (Bạn thật tử tế khi đã giúp tôi)

IT + BE + ADJ + THAT + S + (SHOULD) + BARE INF

It’s necessary that we (should) study English regularly

(Thật là cần thiết khi chúng ta học tiếng Anh thường xuyên)

IT WAS NOT UNTIL THAT (Mãi cho đến mới )

It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped

(Mãi đến nửa đêm tiếng ồn trước nhà mới hết)

S + BE/GET + USED TO + N/V_ing (Quen với)

I am used to staying up late

I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time

S + USED TO + BARE INF ( đã từng )

He used to have a long hair (Anh ấy từng để tóc dài)

IT + TAKES/TOOK/WILL TAKE/ HAS TAKEN + (O) + TIME +

TO_INF

(Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì)

It takes him thirty minutes to write a letter

It took me two hours to repair the computer last night

S + HAVE/GET + O(st) + PP (Nhờ ai đó làm việc gì)

2

S + HAVE + O(so) + BARE INF = S + GET + O(so) + TO_INF

We are going to have/get our car repaired next week

(Chúng tôi sẽ nhờ người sửa xe cho chúng tôi)

I have my brother repair my bike/ I get my brother to repair my bike

(Tôi nhờ anh tôi sửa xe đạp cho tôi)

SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT = SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + N +

THAT

( quá đến nỗi )

The film was so good that I saw it three times (bộ phim hay đến nỗi tôi đã xem

nó 3 lần)

It was such a hard cake that he couldn’t eat it

(Đó là một cái bánh rắn đến nỗi anh ấy không thể ăn được)

AFTER + S1 + PAST PERFECT + S2 + SIMPLE PAST

After I had entered the house, it began to rain (Sau khi tôi vào nhà thì trời bắt đầu mưa)

S1 + V + THAT + S2 + (SHOULD) + BARE INF

We insist that a meeting (should) be held as soon as possible

(Chúng tôi nài nỉ một cuộc họp sẽ được tổ chức càng sớm càng tốt)

S1 + WISH + (THAT) + S2 + PAST/PAST PERFECT/WOULD INF

I wish I knew English well (Câu ước ở hiện tại)

I wish hat I had gone to the party last Sunday (câu ước ở quá khứ)

I wish I could go to England some day (câu ước ở hiện tại, tương lai)

S1 + PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE + S2 + SIMPLE PAST

He has worked as a pilot since he left university

(Anh ấy đã làm phi công từ khi anh ấy học xong đại học)

IT IS + TIME + SINCE + S + SIMPLE PAST (Đã kể từ khi )

It is over six months since John last had his hair cut (Đã 6 tháng k ể từ khi John cắt tóc)

IT + BE + PHRASE + THAT CLAUSE (chính là )

It is the manager, not his assistant, that I want to see

(Chính ông quản lí, chứ không phải người phụ tá của ông ấy, là người tôi muốn gặp)

NEITHER + S1 + NOR + S2 + V (cả lẫn đều không )

(động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau “nor”)

Neither my brother nor I am good at French /Neither I nor my brother is good

at French

(Cả anh của tôi và tôi đều không giỏi tiếng Pháp)

NOT ONLY BUT ALSO / BUT AS WELL (Không những mà còn )

He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me

(Không những anh ấy tiêu hết tiền mà còn mượn một ít của tôi)

NOT ONLY + AUX + S1 + V + BUT + S2 + ALSO / AS WELL

3

(Không những mà còn - đảo ngữ của mẫu câu trên)

Not only did he refuse to take the medicine but he also hit the nurse

S1 + HAD + NO SOONER + PP + THAN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST

S1 + HAD + HARDLY/SCARELY + PP + WHEN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST ( vừa mới thì )

I had no sooner opened the door than the telephone rang

(Tôi vừa mở cửa vào thì điện thoại reo)

I had scarely closed the door when somebody started to knock

(Tôi vừa đóng cửa thì có ai đó gõ cửa)

NO SOONER + HAD + S + PP + THAN + S + SIMPLE PAST

HARDLY/SCARELY + HAD + S + PP + WHEN + S + SIMPLE PAST

No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again

NO MATER HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V , (Dù thế nào đi nữa )

No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this

(Dù bạn thông minh thế nào đi nữa thì bạn cũng nên cẩn thận về điều này) PREFER + V_ing/N + TO + V_ing/N

= PREFER + TO_INF + RATHER THAN + BARE INF

= WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + THAN + BARE INF

= WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + O1 + THAN + O2

= LIKE + V_ing/N + BETTER THAN + V_ing/N

(cả 5 mẫu câu này đều có nghĩa là “thích hơn”)

Tom prefers reading to talking (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)

Tom would rather read than talk (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)

Tom likes reading better than talking (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)

II/ SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

TO_INF + BE + ADJ → IT + BE + ADJ + TO_INF

IT + BE + ADJ + G

HOW + ADJ + (IT + BE) + TO_INF

To sit here with you is so nice → It’s so nice to sit here with you

→ It’s so nice sitting here with you → How nice (it is) to sit here with you (Ngồi đây với bạn thật tuyệt)

TO_INF + BE + ADJ/N → S + V + IT + ADJ/N + TO_INF

To be there on time is important → I find it important to be there on time (Tôi nhận thấy có mặt ở đó đúng giờ thì rất quan trọng)

Living on my salary must be hard

> I find it hard to live on my salary

(Tôi thấy khó sống dựa trên lương của mình)

THAT CLAUSE + BE + ADJ → S + V + IT + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE

That we should keep calm is important → I think it important that we should keep calm

(Quan trọng là chúng ta phải giữ bình tĩnh)

TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT

4

SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT

The tea was too hot for me to drink (Trà nóng quá tôi không thể uống)

→ The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it (Trà nóng đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được)

→ It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it (Đõ là một tách trà nóng đến nỗi tôi k thể uống đc)

It is time for S.b to do S.th = it's time that S.b did smth

eg: It's very high time for you to go now

> It's very high time that you went now

(Lưu ý đôi khi nếu gặp IT WAS TIME thì vế đằng sau các em phải chia thành had done – lùi 1 thì phải ko nào?)

ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT

SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT

This song is simple enough for all of us to sing (Bài hát này đủ đơn giản để tất

cả chúng ta hát)

→ This song is so simple that all of us can sing it

(Bài hát này đơn giản đến nỗi tất cả chúng ta đều hát được)

→ It is such a simple song that all of us can sing it

SO + ADJ + THAT → TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF

SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it → The jacket is too small for me to wear

So + adj + that (clause)

Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)

eg: The box was so heavy that the children couldn’t carry it

> It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it

TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF ↔ ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF The tea was too hot for her to drink ↔ The tea was not cold enough for her to drink

SO + ADJ + THAT ↔ SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT

It is such lovely weather that we spend the whole day in the garden

→ The weather is so lovely that we spend the whole day in the garden

Lưu ý đôi khi còn có thể gặp đảo ngữ:

So lovely is the weather that we spend the whole day in the garden

ALTHOUGH/THOUGH + CLAUSE (Mặc dù nhƣng )

↔ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF + N/V_ing/THE FACT THAT + CLAUSE

Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car

→ In spite of/ Despite his broken leg/ his leg being broken, he managed to get out of his car

→ In spite of/ Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car

(Dù chân gãy nhưng anh ấy vẫn ra được khỏi xe)

In spite of being tired, they stayed until they found out what happened

5

> Although they were very tired, they ……

BECAUSE + CLAUSE ↔ BECAUSE OF + (ADJ) + N (Bởi vì )

Because she behaves well, everybody loves her

↔ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her

IF NOT = UNLESS (Nếu không thì/ Trừ

phi )

He’ll die if nobody brings him to hospital ↔ Unless somebody brings him to hosital, he’ll die

(Anh ấy sẽ chết nếu không có ai đưa tới bệnh viện/ Trừ phi có người đưa anh ấy đến bệnh viện, anh ấy sẽ chết)

REAL PAST SITUATION ↔ IF + PAST PERFECT

(điều kiện có thật ở quá khứ) (câu điều kiện loại 3)

We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money

↔ If we had had enough money, we would/could have gone on holiday

Mẹo: Tình huống được đưa ra ở hiện tại, kết quả ở hiện tại/tương lai thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 Tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ, kết quả ở quá khứ thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3 Cũng có thể gặp dạng CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN nếu tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ và kết quả ở hiện tại

a) I can't see the play because it is solded out

> If the play weren’t solded out, I could see it

(nếu vở kịch ko bị bán hết vé (hiện tại), tôi có thể xem nó

(IF ONLY/I WISH the play weren’t sold out) b) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money

-> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday

(Nếu chúng tôi đã có đủ tiền, chúng tôi đã có thể đi nghỉ mát)

PAST SITUATION ↔ WISH + HAD + PP

FUTURE WOULD + INF

(Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại/quá khứ/ tương lai -> ước )

I am sorry that I didn’t go to the library last Sunday

(Tôi tiếc không đi tới thư viện chủ nhật trước)

↔ I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday (Tôi ước chủ nhật trước đã không đi tới thư viện) 1

VIẾT LẠI CÂU – TIẾT 2

S + PRESENT PERFECT ↔ IT IS + TIME SINCE + SIMPLE PAST

I haven’t seen her for three weeks ↔ It’s three weeks since I last saw her

S + V (present perfect) + time

It is + time + since + clause (V-simple past)

a) Tom and Mary have been married for 5 years

It is 5 years since Tom and Mary got married



b) I haven’t seen my parents for one month

It's one month since I last saw my parents



S + HAVEN’T + PP ↔ FIRST TIME + S + HAVE + PP

I haven’t seen that man here before ↔ It’s the first time I have seen that man here

S + SIMPLE PAST AGO ↔ S + HAVE BEEN + V_ing + SINCE/FOR

I started working for the company a year ago

↔ I’ve been working for the company for a year

↔ I’ve been working for the company since last year

S + HAVEN’T + PP SINCE ↔ S + LAST + SIMPLE PAST WHEN THE LAST TIME WAS

Laurence hasn’t seen her sister since she left for Japan

(Laurence đã không gặp chị cô ấy từ khi đi học ở Nhật Bản)

↔ Laurence last saw her sister when she left for Japan

(Laurence gặp chị cô ấy lần cuối cùng khi cô ấy đi học ở Nhật Bản)

Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding

(Kể từ khi Barbara cưới, Lucy đã không mặc chiếc áo đó nữa)

↔ The last time Lucy wore that dress was Barbara’s wedding

(Lần cuối cùng khi Lucy mặc chiếc áo đó là khi cưới Barbara)

S + V TIME ↔ IT + TAKE + (O) + TIME + TO_INF

I spend thirty minutes a day studying/ to study English

(Mỗi ngày tôi dành 30 phút học Tiếng Anh)

↔ It takes me 30 minutes a day to study English

We wrote a letter in two hours ↔ It took us two hours to write a letter

S + V + NOT UNTIL ↔ IT WAS NOT UNTIL THAT (Mãi cho đến mới )

He couldn’t speak French well until the second year

↔ It was not until the second year that he could speak French well

(Mãi đến năm thứ 2 anh ấy mới nói tiếng Pháp giỏi)

S + V + O ↔ HAVE + O(sb) + INF/ HAVE + O(st) + PP

The garage is going to repair the car for us next week

(Garage sẽ sửa xe cho chúng tôi vào tuần sau)

↔ We are going to have our car repaired next week

(Tuần sau chúng tôi sẽ nhờ người sửa xe)

(get smb to do smth = have smb do smth ; thể bị động truyền khiến đều là HAVE/GET SMTH DONE)

NGOÀI RA CÓ THỂ GẶP DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TỪ CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG BỊ ĐỘNG THÔNG THƯỜNG (CÁC EM TỰ ÔN TẬP LẠI NHÉ)

BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:

SOMEONE SAY

PEOPLE + KNOW + THAT

THEY THINK FIND RUMOUR BELIEVE

↔ IT + BE + PP + THAT = S2 + BE + PP1 + TO_INF/ TO HAVE + PP2 Chú ý:

- Động từ Tobe chia theo thì của động từ giới thiệu (say, know )

- PP1: là hình thức quá khứ phân từ của động từ giới thiệu

- PP2 là hình thức quá khứ phân từ của động từ nằm trong mệnh đề sau THAT They say that he speaks English well

↔ It is said that he speaks English well

↔ He is said to speak English well

People rumoured that he (had) died in the battle

↔ It was rumoured that he (had) died in battle

↔ He was rumoured to have died in battle

NOT SO/AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS ↔ ADJ/ADV + ER + THAN

MORE + ADJ/ADV

I can’t cook as well as my mother does ↔ My mother cooks better than I do/I

can/me

(Tôi không nấu ăn giỏi như mẹ tôi) (Mẹ tôi nấu ăn giỏi hơn tôi)

I don’t know so much about it as she does ↔ She knows a lot more about it

than I do

ADJ/ADV + ER + THAN ↔ THE + ADJ/ADV + EST

MORE + ADJ/ADV MOST + ADJ/ADV

This novel is more interesting than any other novel that I have ever read

(Quyển tiểu thuyết này hay hơn bất cứ cuốn tiểu thuyết nào mà tôi đã từng đọc)

↔ This is the most interesting novel I have ever read

(Đây là quyển tiểu thuyết hay nhất tôi đã từng đọc)

3Have you got a cheaper carpet than this? ↔ Is this the cheapest carpet you’ve got?

No one in the group is younger than her

> She’s the youngest in the group

(Không ai trẻ hơn Cô ấy là người trẻ nhất)

Lưu ý cả cấu trúc so sánh kép: The + comparative + S + V, The + comparative + S + V,

As I get older, I want to travel less

> The older I get, the less I want to travel

NO SOONER THAN ↔ HARDLY/ONLY JUST WHEN

NO SOONER THAN HARDLY/SCARELY WHEN

He had hardly left the office when the phone rang

↔ No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang

I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back

↔ Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back

V + NOT + V + NOT (EITHER) ↔ NEITHER NOR

( không cũng không )

My sister is not very in telligent I am not very intelligent

(Chị tôi không thông minh lắm Tôi không thông minh lắm)

↔ Neither my sister nor I am very intelligent./ Neither I nor my sister is very intelligent (Cả chị tôi và tôi đều không thông minh lắm)

The moon doesn’t have an atmosphere; the planet Mars doesn’t either

↔ Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has an atmosphere

He didn’t know where John was and I didn’t either

↔ Neither he nor I knew where John was ↔ Neither of us knew where John was

“WHY DON’T YOU + V ?” ↔ S + SUGGESTED THAT (Gợi ý ai làm gì?)

“Why don’t you put a better lock on the door, John?” Jane said

↔ Jane suggested that John (should) put a better lock on the door

S + PAST SIMPLE ↔ V_ing

DIDN’T NOT + V_ing

HAD + PP HAVING + PP (Rút gọn thành cụm hiện tại phân từ)

The mother smiled happily She took the baby in her arms

↔ Smiling hapily, the mother took the baby in her arms

Because he didn’t know the language, he found it hard to get work

↔ Not knowing the language, he found it hard to get work

Mr Brown had failed twice, so he didn’t want to try again

↔ Having failed twice, Mr Brown didn’t want to try again

ADJECTIVES ↔ VERBS

It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday

↔ You needn’t finish/ don’t need to fiish by Saturday

(Bạn không cần hoàn thành trước thứ 7)

It is impossible for roses to be grown in such poor ground

↔ Roses can’t posibly grow in such poor ground

(Không thể trồng hoa ở đất cằn cỗi này)

VERBS ↔ NOUNS

He decided to leave home ↔ He made a decision to leave home

(Anh ấy quyết định đi khỏi nhà)

I didn’t intend to stay here ↔ I had no intention of staying here

(Tôi không định ở đây)

The patient recovered more rapidly than expected

↔ The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected

(Bệnh nhân phục hồi nhanh chóng hơn mong đợi)

The two girls exchanged English lessons

↔ There was an exchange of English lessons between two girls

CLAUSE ↔ GERUND_PHRASE

(Mệnh đề > cụm danh động từ)

She laughed but she did not reply ↔ She laughed without reply

(Cô ấy cười nhưng không đáp lại) (Cô ấy cười mà không đáp lại)

She didn’t say a word as she left the room ↔ She left the room without saying a word (Cô ấy khôn nói lời nào khi rời khỏi phòng) (Cô ấy rời khỏi phòng mà không nói câu nào

III/ MỘT SỐ BÀI LUYỆN TẬP BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU

1 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

1 “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door,Barbara”? said John

> John suggested

2 Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded

> Despite his

3 I haven’t eaten this kind of food before

> This is the first

4 After fighting the fire for 12 hours the firemen succeeded in putting it out . >The firemen manged

5 The architect has drawn plans for an extentionto the house

>Plans

6 In Staford-on-Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace

. >We saw the house

7 It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday

. >You

8 “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist

> the journalist wanted to know

9 It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away

=>The meat was

10 It is essential that Profesor Van Helsing is met at the airport

.=> Profesor Van Helsing

11 You can’t visit the USA unless you get a visa

=>If you

12 “ Can I borrow your typewriter,Janet”? asked Peter

=>Peter asked if

13 She started working as a secretary five years ago

=>She has

14 She knows a lot more about it than I do

=>I don’t know

15 My French friend finds driving on the left difficult

.=> My French friend isn’t

16 They think the owner of the house is abroad

2

=>The owner

17 We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money

.=>If we

18.The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough

=>The sea was too

19 What a pity you failed your driving test

=> I wish

20 The mechanic seviced my car last week

.=> I

21 I’m always nervous when I travel by air

=> Travelling

22 He couldn’t efford to buy the car,

=>The car

23 “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked

=>He suggested

24 Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job

=> In spite of

25 I’m sorry I missed your birthday party

.=>I wish

26 They haven’t cleaned the streets this week

=>The streets

27 Apples are usually cheaper than oranges

=>Apple are not

28 I advice you to put your money in the bank

=>You’d

29 That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there

=> It is such

30 He was annoyed because his secretary came late ti work

=>He objected

31 I’ll pick the children up if you like

=>Would you

32 He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late

.=>He was annoyed

33 Tom is the most industious pupil

=> No other pupil

34 When did they buy the house?

=> How long is it

35 She isn’t accustomed to life in London

.=>She’s not used to

36 “Don’t forget to phone the office,”she told him

=>She reminded

37 I’m afraid I haven’t got time to listen to you

=>I wish

38 The police has just released John

=>John

39 I couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly

.=> They were speaking

40 We spent 5 hours getting to London

=>It took

41 I get to work in 20 minutes

=>It

42 It is necessary that this work be finished by Monday

=>This work

43 It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice

=>I wish

44 The bread is so tale we can’t eat it

=> The bread isn’t

45 Who does this bag belong to?

=? Whose

46 My boyfriend is very short-tempered

=>My boyfriend loses

47 You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out

=>No matter

48 If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home

=>Get

49 How have you been getting on with your enquiries?

=>How much

50.I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it

.=>I needn’t

51 The trains couldn’t run because of the snow

The snow………

52 I didn’t arrived in time to see him

I wasn’t early………

53 I’m sorry I was rude to you yesterday

I apologise………

54 She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train

If………

55 Barbara is the best tennis-player in the club

No one………

56 I haven’t seen that man here before

It’s………

57 The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it

The furniture was too………

58 The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money

The bank manager………

59 Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen

Tom has………

60 She had never been so unhappy before

She was unhappier………

61 It was so late that nothing could be done

It was too………

62 I asked the hotel porter to wake me at 8 o’clock the following morning

“Please………

63 They’ll have to change the date of the meeting again

The date………

64 The garage is going to repair the car for us next week

We are going ………

65 The bus take s longer than the train

The train………

66 John has not had his hair cut for over six months

It is………

67 Maria says she’d like to have been put in a higher class

Maria wishes………

68 Would you like me to finish the work tonight?

I’ll………

69 You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches

In………

70 My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station

If my husband………

71 “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill

Bill doubted………

72 The postman was bitten by our dog

Our dog………

73 We couldn’t drive because of the fog

The fog prevented………

74 Although his leg was broken he managed to get out of the car

In spite………

75 The cake was so hard so I couldn’t cat it

It was………