Nghiên cứu một số giải pháp kỹ thuật chăn nuôi bò sữa phù hợp trong nông hộ tỉnh bắc ninh

Header Page of 166 B GIO DC V O TO B NễNG NGHIP V PTNT VIN CHN NUễI _ NGUYN VN TU NGHIấN CU MT S GII PHP K THUT CHN NUễI Bề SA PH HP TRONG NễNG H TNH BC NINH LUN N TIN S NễNG NGHIP H NI 2012 Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 B GIO DC V O TO B NễNG NGHIP V PTNT VIN CHN NUễI _ NGUYN VN TU NGHIấN CU MT S GII PHP K THUT CHN NUễI Bề SA PH HP TRONG NễNG H TNH BC NINH CHUYấN NGNH: CHN NUễI M S: 62.62.01.05 LUN N TIN S NễNG NGHIP NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: GS.TS ng V Bỡnh PGS.TS Mai Vn Sỏnh H NI 2012 Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 i LI CAM OAN - Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi Cỏc s liu, kt qu nờu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng c cụng b bt k mt lun ỏn no khỏc - Mi s giỳp cho vic thc hin lun ỏn ny ó c cm n v cỏc trớch dn lun ỏn u cú ngun gc y v rừ rng Tỏc gi Nguyn Vn Tu Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 ii LI CM N Nhõn dp hon thnh lun ỏn ny, cho phộp tụi c by t lũng bit n sõu sc ti: Tp th thy hng dn khoa hc: GS.TS ng V Bỡnh v PGS.TS Mai Vn Sỏnh ó u t nhiu cụng sc v thi gian hng dn tụi sut quỏ trỡnh thc hin ti, ỏnh giỏ kt qu v hon thnh lun ỏn Lónh o v th cỏn b cụng nhõn viờn ca Vin Chn nuụi - B Nụng nghip v PTNT Phũng o to Vin Chn nuụi ó tn tỡnh giỳp tụi quỏ trỡnh hc tp, nghiờn cu v bo v lun ỏn Lónh o Cụng ty C phn Tp on DABACO Vit Nam, cỏn b cụng nhõn viờn Cụng ty TNHH NUTRECO, cỏn b nhõn viờn Trung tõm Khuyn nụng tnh Bc Ninh, ng u, UBND v cỏc h chn nuụi bũ sa xó: Cnh Hng, Tri Phng - huyn Tiờn Du, ó to iu kin giỳp tụi v tinh thn v c s vt cht tụi hon thnh chng trỡnh hc tp, nghiờn cu v bo v lun ỏn Tụi xin chõn thnh cỏm n ton th gia ỡnh, bn bố, anh em ng nghip ó to mi iu kin thun li v giỳp tụi v mi mt, ng viờn khuyn khớch tụi hon thnh lun ỏn ny H Ni, ngy 25 thỏng 04 nm 2012 Nguyn Vn Tu Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 iii DANH MC CC CH VIT TT TRONG LUN N cs Cng s HF Holstein Friesian X Giỏ tr trung bỡnh VCK Vt cht khụ DXK Dn xut khụng m NLT Nng lng trao i C i chng VCK Vt cht khụ TMR (Total Mixed Ration) Khu phn n hn hp hon chnh 10 KLCT Khi lng c th 11 TN Thớ nghim Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 iv MC LC Trang LI CAM OAN i LI CM N ii DANH MC CC CC CH VIT TT TRONG LUN N iii MC LC iv M U Tớnh cp thit ca ti Mc tiờu nghiờn cu ca ti 2.1 Mc tiờu chung 2.2 Mc tiờu c th í ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti 3.1 í ngha khoa hc 3.2 í ngha thc tin Nhng úng gúp mi ca lun ỏn Phm vi nghiờn cu Chng TNG QUAN CA TI LIU 1.1.GING V LAI TO GING Bề SA 1.2 C IM TIấU HO CA GIA SC NHAI LI 1.2.1 Phõn gii thc n 1.2.2 Quỏ trỡnh tiờu húa thc n 1.2.2.1 Tiờu hoỏ thc n ming 1.2.2.2 Tiờu hoỏ thc n d dy 1.2.2.3 Tiờu hoỏ thc n rut 11 1.3 CC YU T NH HNG N NNG SUT V CHT LNG SA Footer Page of 166 12 Header Page of 166 v 1.3.1 nh hng ca ging ti nng sut sa 12 1.3.2 nh hng ca dinh dng ti nng sut v cht lng sa 13 1.3.3 Tui ca gia sỳc 16 1.3.4 Giai on tit sa 17 1.3.5 K thut vt sa 18 1.3.6 iu kin mụi trng 18 1.3.7 Trng thỏi sc khe v c im cỏ th vt nuụi 20 1.4 TO NGUN, D TR, BO QUN CH BIN V S DNG THC N CHO Bề SA 21 1.4.1 chua thc n 21 1.4.2 Rm urờ 21 1.4.3 T l tinh/thụ hp lý khu phn 22 1.4.4 S dng thc n hon chnh (TMR) 24 1.5 TèNH HèNH NGHIấN CU TRONG V NGOI NC 25 1.5.1.Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu ngoi nc 25 1.5.2 Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu nc ta 27 1.6 C IM T NHIấN V TI NGUYấN THIấN NHIấN TNH BC NINH 1.6.1 V trớ a lý 29 29 1.6.2 Khớ hu, thi tit 31 1.6.3 nh hng ca thi tit khớ hu ti chn nuụi bũ sa 32 1.6.4 ỏnh giỏ ngun ph phm nụng nghip lm thc n cho i 32 gia sỳc núi chung, bũ sa núi riờng Chng VT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU 2.1 NI DUNG NGHIấN CU 34 2.2 VT LIU NGHIấN CU 34 Footer Page of 166 Header Page of 166 vi 2.2.1 Gia sỳc 2.2.2 Thc n 34 34 2.3 A IM V THI GIAN NGHIấN CU 35 2.3.1 a im nghiờn cu 35 2.3.2 Thi gian nghiờn cu 35 2.4 PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU 35 2.4.1 Thớ nghim 1: ỏnh giỏ kh nng sn xut sa ca bũ lai 1/2HF, 3/4HF v 7/8HF nuụi nụng h tnh Bc Ninh 2.4.2 Thớ nghim 2: Xỏc nh t l tinh/thụ hp lý khu phn bũ ang vt sa nuụi nụng h 2.4.3 Thớ nghim 3: S dng khu phn n hon thin (TMR) cho bũ sa vi k thut cho n khỏc 2.4.4 Thớ nghim 4: S dng rm urờ thay th mt phn thc n thụ xanh v ụng cho bũ sa 2.4.5 Thớ nghim 5: S dng cõy ngụ chua thay th mt phn thc 36 37 40 43 46 n thụ cho bũ sa 2.5 PHNG PHP THEO DếI V TNH TON CC CH TIấU 49 2.6 PHNG PHP LY MU V PHN TCH MU 50 2.6.1 Mu sa 50 2.6.1.1 Phng phỏp ly mu 50 2.6.1.2 Phng phỏp phõn tớch cỏc ch tiờu 50 2.6.2 Mu thc n 51 2.6.2.1 Phng phỏp ly mu 51 2.6.2.2 Phng phỏp phõn tớch cỏc ch tiờu 51 2.7 PHNG PHP X Lí S LIU 53 Chng KT QU V THO LUN 3.1 TH NGHIM 1: NH GI KH NNG SN XUT SA Footer Page of 166 54 Header Page of 166 vii CA Bề LAI 1/2HF; 3/4HF V 7/8HF NUễI TRONG NễNG H TNH BC NINH 3.1.1 Sn lng v cht lng sa cha quy chun 305 ngy 54 3.1.2 Sn lng sa cha quy chun qua cỏc thỏng 58 3.1.3 Sn lng sa quy chun 63 3.1.4 Tiờu tn thc n cho sn xut kg sa 64 3.2.TH NGHIM 2: XC NH T L TINH/THễ HP Lí TRONG KHU PHN Bề ANG VT SA NUễI TRONG NễNG H 67 3.2.1 Lng thc n thu nhn hng ngy 67 3.2.2 Nng sut v cht lng sa 69 3.2.3 Thay i lng bũ 71 3.2.4 Tiờu tn v chi phớ thc n thc n cho sn xut kg sa 73 3.3 TH NGHIM 3: S DNG KHU PHN N HON THIN (TMR) CHO Bề SA VI K THUT CHO N KHC NHAU 75 3.3.1 Lng thc n thu nhn hng ngy 75 3.3.2 Nng sut v cht lng sa 76 3.3.3 Thay i lng bũ 80 3.3.4 Tiờu tn v chi phớ thc n cho sn xut 1kg sa 81 3.4 TH NGHIM 4: S DNG RM URE THAY TH MT PHN THC N THễ XANH TRONG V ễNG CHO Bề SA 83 3.4.1 Lng thc n thu nhn hng ngy 84 3.4.2 Nng sut v cht lng sa 86 3.4.3 Thay i lng bũ 89 3.4.4 Tiờu tn v chi phớ thc n cho sn xut 1kg sa 90 3.5 TH NGHIM 5: S DNG CY NGễ CHUA THAY THấ MT PHN THC N THễ XANH CHO Bề SA 3.5.1 Lng thc n thu nhn hng ngy Footer Page of 166 93 93 Header Page 10 of 166 viii 3.5.2 Nng sut v cht lng sa 95 3.5.3 Thay i lng bũ thi gian thớ nghim 97 3.5.4 Tiờu tn v chi phớ thc n cho sn xut 1kg sa 98 KT LUN V NGH Kt lun 101 ngh 102 Những công trình liên quan đến luận án đợc công bố 103 DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO A.TI LIU TING VIT 104 B TI LIU TING NC NGOI 112 Footer Page 10 of 166 Header Page 126 of 166 114 B TI LIU TING NC NGOI Adrienne Ekelund Rolf Spửrndly and Kjell Holtenius (2006), Influence of low phosphorus 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with concentrate, Asian-Aus J Anim Sci, 9;319-329 Chiou P W S., Chen K J., Kuo K S., Hsu J C and Yu B (1995), Studies on the application of an undegradable protein system to high yielding dairy cattle in Taiwan, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 54 (1/4), Vol: 135, pp 93 102 Contarini G (1996), Lipid supplementation of dairy cows' diets: effects on milk fat composition, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 132, pp 3507 3511 Dat, N.Q., 1988 Some breeding characteristics of crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian X Local Yellow) raised in Ho Chi Minh City PhD Thesis, Instiute of Agricultral Science and technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Dematawewa C M B., Pearson R E and VanRaden Modeling P M (2008), Extended Lactations of Holsteins, Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 91 pp 760 766 Djioko Soetrisno and Mahyuddin M D (1994), Effect of Grazing systems on reproductive performance and the net return of milk yielded by Sahiwal Footer Page 127 of 166 Header Page 128 of 166 116 Friesian (FS) cows, Proceeding of the 7th AAAP Animal Science Congress, Vol II, pp 267 268 Hall M (2007), Profitable dairy production Report at Viet Nam Canada cooperative conference on dairy cattle, Ho Chi Minh city Horn A (1972), Specializacio a szarvasmarhatenyusztesfeg, Allattenfesztes, No.1 Herceghalom Hungary Ibrahim M N M., R S Ketelaar, S Tamminga and G Zemmelink (1988), Degradation characteristics of untreated and urea-treated rice straw in the rumen, Ruminant feeding systems utilizing fibrous agricultural residues 1988, International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges Ltd, Canberra, Australia 123-126 Izumi K, Kikuchi C and Okamoto M (2000), Effect of rumen protected methionine on lactational performance of dairy cows, AsianAustralasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 13 (9), Vol: 197, pp 1235 1238 Jasiorowki H A., Stolzman M and Reklewski Z (1988), The International Friesian strain comparison trial, A World perspective FAO, pp 245 277 Kadzere C T and Murphy M R (2002), Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review, Livestock Production Science, Vol 77, Issue 1, pp 59 91 Lap L T (1996), Study on nutrient requirements of crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Local) dairy cows PhD Thesis National Institute of Animal Husbandry Hanoi Vietnam Lara A., Mendoza G D., Landois L., Barcena R., Sỏnchez-Torres M T., Rojo R., Ayala J and Vega S (2006), Milk production in Holstein cows supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine, Livestock Production Science, Vol 105, pp 105 108 Footer Page 128 of 166 Header Page 129 of 166 117 Lammers B.P., A.J Heinrichs, V.A Ishler (2007) Use of total mixed rations (TMR) for dairy cows, www.das.psu.edu/dairy_nutrition/documents/tmr.pdf cited 23/9/2009 Ly L V (1975), Volatile fatty acids in the rumen and composition of fatty acids in cattle milk, J Agri Sci Tech 162: 909-912 Macciotta N P P., Vicario D and Cappio-Borlino A (2005), Detection of Different Shapes of Lactation Curve for Milk Yield in Dairy Cattle by Empirical Mathematical Models, Journal of Dairy Science Vol 88(3) pp 1178 1191 Mandalena F E (1990), Considering lactation length in tropical dairy cattle breeding, Production and health paper, FAO 66 pp 328 397 Malossini F., M Pinosa, M Valentinotti and S Bovolenta (1990), Effect of feeding level on milk production and composition, Zootechnica et Nutrizione Animale 16:197-206 Man N V and H Wiktorsson (2001), The effect of replacing grass with urea treated fresh rice straw in dairy cow diet, Asian-Aus J Anim Sci 14:1090-1097 Moran J B and D E Croke (1993), Maize silage for the pasture-fed dairy cow A comparison with wheat while grazing low quality perennial pastures in the summer, Aust J Exp Agric 33: 541-549 Murphy J J (1999), The effects of increasing the proportion of molasses in the diet of milking dairy cows on milk production and composition, Animal Feed Science and Technology, Vol 259, pp 189- 198 Neitz Martin H., T.J Dugmore (2007), Total Mixed Ration for Dairy Cattle, Cedara Agricultura Development Institute, http://agriculture.kzntl.gov.za/portal/AgricPublications/ProductionGuidel Footer Page 129 of 166 Header Page 130 of 166 118 ines/DairyinginKwaZuluNatal/TotalMixedRationsforDairyCattle/tabid/2 54/Default.aspx NRC (2001), Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle, Seventh revised edition, Washington D.C Padilla L., Matsui T Kamiya Y., Kamiya M., Tanaka M and Yano H (2005), Heat stress decreases plasma vitamin C concentration in lactating cows, Livestock Production Science, 2006, Vol 101, Issues 3, pp 300 304 Radcliff R P., Vandehaar M J., Chapin L T., Pilbeam T E., Beede D K., Stanisiewski E P and Tucher H A (2000), Effects of diet and injection of bovine somatropin on prepubertal growth and first lactation milk yields of Holstein cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 83, pp 23 29 Radcliff R P., Vandehaar M J., Skidmore A L., Radke B R., Lloyd J W., Stanisiewski E P and Tucher H A (1997), Effects of diet and injection of bovine somatropin on heifer growth and mammary development, Journal of Dairy Science, 80, pp 1996 2003 Richard S Adams (1998), Reducing heat stress on dairy cows, http://www.penpages.psu.edu/penpagesreferense/28902/ pp Sanh Mai Van (2001), Effects of Feeding Level and Forage/Concentrate Ratio on Milk Production and Performance of Crossbred Lactating Cows, Doctoral theis swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2001 Sanh M V., H Wiktorsson and L V Ly (2002), Effect of feeding level on milk production body weight change feed conversion and postpartum oestrus of crossbred lactating cows, J Livest Prod Sci Saun R J and Van Sniffen C J (1996), Nutritional management of the pregnant dairy cow to optimize health, lactation and reproductive Footer Page 130 of 166 Header Page 131 of 166 119 performance, Animal Feed Science and Technology, Vol 136, pp 13 26 Sawal R K and Kurar C K (1998), Milk yield and its fat content as affected by dietary factors, Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 11 (3), Vol: 222, pp 217 233 Schroeder G F and Titgemeyer E C (2008), Interaction between protein and energy supply on protein utilization in growing cattle: A review, Livestock Production Science, Vol 114, Issue 1, pp 10 Schwab C G (1996), Rumen-protected amino acids for dairy cattle: progress towards determining lysine and methionine requirements, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59 (1/3), Vol: 136, pp 87 101 Singh S R., Mishra H R, Pandey R.S (1986), Economics of milk production of crossbred cows in the plateau of Chotanagpur, Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 39:3, 210-214 Tekerli M and Akinci Z (2000), Factors affecting the shape of lactation curves of Holstein cows from the Balikesir Province of Turkey, Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 83, No 6, pp 1381 1386 Ty, V N and Ly, L V., 1981 Dairy cattle Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi Theodorou M K and France J (1993), "Rumen microorganisms and their interaction, Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, CAB International London, UK, pp 145-163 Uchida K., Mandebvu P., Mandebvu P., Ballard C S., Sniffen C J and Carter M P (2001), Effect of feeding a combination of zinc, manganese and copper amino acid complexes and cobalt glucoheptonate on performance Footer Page 131 of 166 Header Page 132 of 166 120 of early lactation high producing dairy cows, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 93, Vol 356, pp 193 203 Val-Arreola D., Kebreab E and France J (2004), Study of the Lactation Curve in Dairy Cattle on Farms in Central Mexico, Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 87(11), pp 3789 3799 Vande Haar M J., Yousif G., Sharma B K., Herdt T H., Emery R S., Allen M S and Liesman J S (1999), Effect of energy and protein density of prepartum diets on fat and protein metabolism of dairy cattle in the periparturient period, Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 291, pp 1282 1295 Van Soest P J (1994), Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant, Second edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London Varga G A and Vallimont J E (2000), Protein, energy needs of the dry cow explored, Feedstuffs 2000, CD Vol 300, pp 12-16 Wanapat M., S Chumpawadee and P Paengkoum (2000), Utilization of ureatreated rice straw and whole sugar cane crop as roughage sources for dairy cattle during the dry season, Asian-Aus J Anim Sci 13(4): 474477 Footer Page 132 of 166 Header Page 133 of 166 121 PH LC Túm tt quy trỡnh thõn cõy ngụ nụng h * Nguyờn liu : - Thõn cõy ngụ sau thu bp: + i vi cõy ngụ cũn non cú hm lngvt cht khụ thp thỡ cn phi tỏi khong ngy trc tng hm lng VCK lờn trờn 25% + vi cõy ngụ gi thỡ khụng phi m vao chớnh ngy thu hoch bp Cn b sung thờm r mt ng hoc cỏm( tng bt ng) Thng dựng 10 kg r mt ng cho mt tỳi 1.5 - Cỏc cht b sung: cỏm (bt ngụ bt sn): 4% Rir mt ng - Mui: 0.5% * Dng c: Tỳi nylon * K thut chua: - Bc 1: Dựng mỏy thỏi thõn cõy ngụ thnh tng on 2-3 cm loi b nhng lỏ khụ gc cõy (nu cú) Cho nguyờn liu ó c thỏi vo tỳi lylon dy khong 20 cm - Bc 2: Rc u cỏm v mui lờn mi lp - Bc 3: Nộn cht tng lp cho n y - Bc 4: Bt kớn ming tỳi dựng dõy cao su buc cht - Bc 5: Sau tun cú th ly thc n cho bũ n Ly xong buc kớn tỳi nynon li trỏnh khụng khớ lt vo.Thi gian bo qun khụng quỏ thỏng Lu ý: Khụng vo lỳc tri ma tỳi ni rõm mỏt trỏnh nc ma thm vo trỏnh chut ct hng tỳi * Yờu cu cht lng: thc n cú mựi chua nh mu vng sỏng Túm tt quy trỡnh rm vi urờ nụng h * Nguyờn liu: Footer Page 133 of 166 Header Page 134 of 166 122 - Rm ti hoc rm khụ - m urờ - Vụi bt (nu cú) * Dng c: - Tỳi lynon - Dõy buc tỳi - ễ doa xụ chu * Cỏch : - rm khụ: 100kg rm khụ + 4kg urờ + 80 lớt nc sch - rm ti: 100kg rm ti + 1.5kg urờ + 1.5kg vụi bt (nu cú) * Cỏc bc tin hnh + Bc 1: - Cõn rm - Tớnh lng m urờ v lng nc cn thit + Bc 2: - Ho urờ vo nc - Ti u lờn rm - i vi rm ti: Rc urờ trc tip lờn rm ti + Bc 3: - Cho rm ó ti urờ vo tỳi dựng chõn nộn cht - Dựng dõy cao su buc ming tỳi lynon * S dng rm cho bũ sa Rm sau tun (mựa hố) v tun (mựa ụng) cú th s dng cho bũ n - Thc n tt: Mu nõu vng v cú mựi hc - Nờn s dng trc thỏng k t ngy Lu ý: Ly nhanh v buc tỳi khụng bay mt ammoniac Footer Page 134 of 166 Header Page 135 of 166 123 Giỏ thc n tinh hn hp thớ nghim Thc n n v Khi lng % n giỏ Thnh tin Cỏm go /kg 50.00 3000 150.000 B sn /kg 20.00 2500 50.000 Bt ngụ /kg 15.00 3200 48.000 Khụ lc /kg 14.00 7500 105.000 Khoỏng /kg 1.0 12.000 12.000 Tng /kg 100.00 365.000 Giỏ c voi 200/kg, bó bia 400/kg (Thi giỏ nm 2006) Giỏ thc n tinh hn hp thớ nghim Thc n n v Khi lng % n giỏ Thnh tin Cỏm ngụ /kg 70.00 5000 350.000 B u tng /kg 14.00 12000 168.000 V u xanh /kg 15.00 3000 45.000 Khoỏng /kg 1.0 20.000 20.000 /kg 100.00 Tng 583.000 Giỏ 1kg c voi : 300, giỏ 1kg c t nhiờn: 300 (Thi giỏ nm 2008) Giỏ thc n tinh hn hp thớ nghim Thc n Khi lng n giỏ (/kg) Thnh tin () Cỏm go 50,00 4.000 200.000 B sn 20,00 3.000 60.000 Bt ngụ 15,00 4.400 66.000 Khụ lc 14,00 7.500 105.000 Khoỏng 1,0 15.000 15.000 Tng 100,00 446.000 Giỏ rm urờ 230/kg, giỏ c voi 250/kg, bó bia 600/kg (Thi giỏ nm 2007) Footer Page 135 of 166 Header Page 136 of 166 124 Giỏ thc n tinh hn hp thớ nghim Thc n Khi lng n giỏ (/kg)() Thnh tin () Cỏm go 50,00 4.000 200.000 B sn 20,00 3.000 60.000 Bt ngụ 15,00 4.400 66.000 Khụ lc 14,00 7.500 105000 Khoỏng 1,0 15.000 15.000 Tng 100,00 446.000 Giỏ thõn cõy ngụ 200 /kg c voi 250/kg (Thi giỏ nm 2007) Nhu cu dinh dng ca bũ sa (NRC, 2001) Bng Nhu cu trỡ cho bũ cỏi trng thnh (NRC, 2001) Th trng (Kg) Nng lng trao i (Mcal) Protein tiờu hoỏ (g) Ca (g) P (g) 400 12,01 318 16 11 450 13,12 341 18 13 500 14,20 364 20 14 550 15,25 386 22 16 600 16,28 406 24 17 Bng Nhu cu sn xut cho 1kg sa cú t l m khỏc (NRC, 2001) T l m sa (%) Nng lng trao i (Mcal) Protein tiờu hoỏ (g) Ca (g) P (g) 3,00 1,07 78 2,73 1,68 3,50 1,15 84 2,97 1,83 4,00 1,25 90 3,21 1,98 4,50 1,32 96 3,45 2,13 Footer Page 136 of 166 Header Page 137 of 166 125 Bng Nhu cu ca bũ cỏi cho sa (th trng = 400 kg) cú nng sut sa khỏc (NRC, 2001) Nng sut sa (kg/ngy) Nng lng trao i (Mcal) Protein tiờu hoỏ (g) Ca (g) P (g) 18,30 768 32,05 20,90 10 24,41 1218 48,10 30,80 15 30,70 1668 64,15 40,70 20 36,81 2118 80,20 53,60 Bng Nhu cu vt cht khụ khu phn (NRC, 2001) Nng sut sa 4% m (kg/con/ngy) % so vi lng c th Khi lng 400 kg Khi lng 500 kg 10 2,7 2,4 15 3,2 2,8 20 3,6 3,2 25 4,0 3,5 Footer Page 137 of 166 Header Page 138 of 166 Footer Page 138 of 166 126 Header Page 139 of 166 Footer Page 139 of 166 127 Header Page 140 of 166 Footer Page 140 of 166 128 ... CHN NUễI _ NGUYN VN TU NGHIấN CU MT S GII PHP K THUT CHN NUễI Bề SA PH HP TRONG NễNG H TNH BC NINH CHUYấN NGNH: CHN NUễI M S: 62.62.01.05 LUN N TIN S NễNG NGHIP NGI HNG DN KHOA HC:... 24 1.5 TèNH HèNH NGHIấN CU TRONG V NGOI NC 25 1.5.1.Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu ngoi nc 25 1.5.2 Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu nc ta 27 1.6 C IM T NHIấN V TI NGUYấN THIấN NHIấN TNH BC NINH 1.6.1 V trớ a lý 29 29... XUT SA Footer Page of 166 54 Header Page of 166 vii CA Bề LAI 1/2HF; 3/4HF V 7/8HF NUễI TRONG NễNG H TNH BC NINH 3.1.1 Sn lng v cht lng sa cha quy chun 305 ngy 54 3.1.2 Sn lng sa cha quy chun qua