Mạng Wireless sensor network kỹ thuật, ứng dụng và định tuyến.PDF

Header Page of 258 PHAN TONG QUAN Vt MANG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY (WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK) 1.1 Gild thien Mpg cam Win (sensor network) la ciu talc, la sq kit hqp voi cac kha tiling cam xfr thong tin va cac thinh phin lien lgc de tao kha Hang quan sat, pith tick va phial (mg Igi yeti cac su kien, hien tuqng xey tong m6i tiding cu thi nal° d6 Mei truing c6 the la the gi6i vet 1* hay he thong sinh hqc Cac (mg thing ca bin cua mung cam ban chu yiu gem thu thtip der lieu, giant sat, theo dal, va cac (mg dung tong y hoc Tay nhien (mg dung cua mpg cam Win ttly theo yeu ciu stl dung rit da dgng va kheng bi gi6i hgn C6 phin ca ban du to nen mOt mon cam bits: —Cac cam Win duqc phin b6 theo m6 With t#p trung hay phan b6 rai ric; —Mpg luai lien kit gift cac cam ban (c6 chly hay v6 tuyin); —Diem trung tam t#p hqp dtt lieu (Clustering); — BO phen xt1 I* de lieu trung tam MOt node cam biin la su kit hqp gitta cam Min va bO ph#n 2a1 lf, hap , goi la mote King cam Win kh6ng day (WSN) la mpg cam Win tong d6 cac node cam ban duqc kit n6i yeti bang sang v6 tuyin 1.1.1 Cling nghe Sensor Network Trong mgng cam Win, cam Win duqc xem nhu la phin quan tong nit& phuc vu cho cac (mg dung Cang nghe cam bit!' vk dieu khien bao g6m cac cam biin trubng dien tar; cam Win tin s6 v6 tuyin;quang, h6ng ngogi, radars, lasers; cac ciun tan dinh vi, din doing, dgc cac thong so m6i tiding; va cac cam Win phuc vu tong (mg dung an ninh, sinh h6a Ngay cam ban duqc RI dung vol se luqng 16n King WSNs c6 d#c diim rieng, dog suit bi gioi hgn, th2ri gian cung cep Wing luqng cOa ngu6n (ch6 yiu la pin) ca that gian ngin, chu kjr nhiem vtr ngin, quan he da diem-diem, s6 luqng kl.rn cac node cam Min Cam Win ce the chi gem hoc mOt day cam ban Kich thuoc rut da dgng, tar nano (1-100nm), meso (100-10000nm), micro (10-1000um), macro (vai mm-m) Do d#c filth cua mon WSNs la di dOng va fru& day chti yeti la phuc W tong thmg WSNs mo linh Arc quan su nen doi hoi tinh bao m#t cao Ngay nay, cac Footer Page of 258 Header Page of 258 rang cho cac (mg dung thirong moi, viec tieu chum has se too nen tInh (mg dung cao cho mong WSNs ye WSNs ce the chia lam nhieu thinh phhn, cac so lieu thong Cie nghien ke On day cho bang 1.1 Deployment 9.70% Target tracking 7.27% Localization 6.06% Data gathering 6.06% Routing and aggregation 5.76% Security 5.76% MAC protocols 4.85% Querying and Databases 4.24% Time synchronization 3.64% Applications 3.33% Robust routing 3.33% Lifetime optimization 3.33% Hardware 2.73% Transport layer 2.73% Distributed algorithms 2.73% Resource aware routing 2.42% Storage 2.42% Middleware and task allbcation 2.42% Calibration 2.12% Wireless radio and link characteristics 2.12% Network monitoring 2.12% Geographic routing 1.82% Compression 1.82% Taxonomy 1.52% Capacity 1.52% Link layer techniques 1.21% Footer Page of 258 Header Page of 258 Topology control 1.21% Mobile modes 1.21% Detection and estimation 1.21% Diffuse phenomena 0.91% Programming 0.91% Power control 0.61% Software 0.61% Autonomic routing 0.30% Bang L I Ceic MA vvc nghien Ohl WSNs Cac nghien dm gin day phat tan thong tin ding suit thip vai cac node x6 co gia thip va ce niing tkr phan be sip xep, lqa chip giao thfic cho mong, giai quyet bii toin quan tong nhit cila mong WSNs la niing cung cep 'Tang hrqng cho cac node cam Men bj gioi hen Cic m6 hinh Wong day c6 much lieu tho filing luqng thip duqc uu tien phat tan Hieu qui stl dung Ong suit cia WSNs ye t6ng quit dua tren tieu chi: — Chu k3 hoot gag ngin; —XII 1Sf dft lieu toi cac node de giam chilli dai da lieu vi the gian truyin; —M8 hinh mon multihop lam giam chat dai duling iruyen, qua d6 giam suy hao ttong cong, gain tOng deg suit cho duimg truyen WSNs duqc chia him loci, theo mto hinh kit mil vi djnh tuyen ma cac node stl dung a Laid (C1WSNs) — Si (long cac giao that djnh tuyin ding; —Cac node to tim throng di tet nhit den dich; — Vai tro cis cac node sensor dei WA cac node Ice tie') nhu la cac trim lap (Repeater); — Khoing cach rit ion (hang nghln met); — C6 fling x6 if dft lieu cac node chuyin tiep; —Mong nit phtic top b Loci (C2WSNs) —M8 hinh da diem-diem hay diem-diem, mOt kit niSi radio den node thing tam; Footer Page of 258 Header Page of 258 —Sir ding giao tilt= djnh tuyen tinh; —MOt node 'thong cung cup thong tin cho cic node kW; — Khoing each chi vii tram met; —Node chuyin tiep kh8ng c6 Ichi aging cho clic node Ichtic; —He th6ng don gib Tieu chain tin s6 dang duqc ap ding cho WSNs la IEF,F 802.15.4 Hoot dOng tai tin s6 2.4GHz deg nghiep, khoa hoc vi y hoc (ISM), cung cap &Yong truyen dit lieu len den 250kbps b khoing catch 9-62 met Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 duqc thiet Ice de b6 sung cho catc cong nghe kh8ng day nhu Bluetooth, Wifi, Ultrawideband (UWB), max dfch phoc vu cho cac (mg ding thuong Vii so dbi cala ti8u chuan Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4, cac he th6ng din phial trien theo huang ti8u chuin, cho phep catc calm bien truyen th8ng tin qua talc kenh truyen duqc tieu chuin Nhieu nghien ciru lTnh voc mong Mobile ad hoc, WSNs Wang to nhu MANETs theo mOt vii d#c diem Ca hai den la char' mong Wireless, multihop, nhien cac img dung vat ki thu#t gifts hai he thong ce }chic nhau: — Dung th8ng thutmg cala WSNs la da ngu6n dft lieu Irwin den nai nhafin, khic h&n voi diem-diem MANETs; —Cac node WSNs it di dOng, clic node ad hoc lat di dOng; —Trong WSNs, clft lieu til talc calm bien chil yeti la tal cac hien tuqng, stir kien the gioi thuc Can b MANETs chal you la dit lieu; —Do nguan cung cap c6 gi6i hon non aging hrqng WSNs duqc quail 1S, rat chit cho Trong MANETs c6 the IchtIng hi ring buOc bbri ngu6n cung cap cac that bj th8ng tin c6 the duqc thay the nguan cung cap thutmg xuyen bei ngutti sCt dung; — S6 Wong node WSNs la rat Ion MANETs ft han Do su kluic biet gifts hai m8 hinh giao thirc ma CAC giao thalc dinh tuyen MANETs khOng the alp dung hoin toin cho WSNs Tuy nhien c6 the coi WSNs nhu mOt phin MANETs (ad hoc) 1.1.2 eng dung caa wag cam ban Trong pan stir: theo d8i talc max tieu, chien truing, cac nguy ca tin c6ng nguyen sink Trong m8i trartmg: Gum sat chay rung, thay d6i khf Footer Page of 258 Header Page of 258 Y te, sec Ich6e: giam sat benh than benh vier, quan 1ST thutoc, diet' khan to Trong gia dinh: ip ding ng8i nha th8ng minh, dieu ichien cac thiet bj dien Thucmg mai: (lieu khien m8i trterng c8ng nghiep vi van phong, giim sat xe cO, giao th8ng 1.2 Ting quan vi Id thu$t WSNs Nhu d8 de c#p phin tren, mOt vii mung cam hien dung giao thec xt113% tui node ngu6n tam, mOt s6 dung giao thirc xt1 then eau &lc hay goi la xir trtr6c tui node Thay vi goi de lieu di den node chuyin tap, node thuting dung Ichit Wing x6 1y de lieu cut' minh de gig guy& truem phut di V6i dung du frac, de lieu duqc xOr den mire trot Whit nhtf de lam giiun duqc Wing lucong cin dung vi bang thong kenh truyen Sau day la mOt vii kT thu(it vi tieu chain phu hop v6i mpg cam bier: - KS+ thwIt dun bien: + tin hieu; + Non vi cac giao thee phat hien, sea 18i; + Phan chia cluster; + Ty phan Whom —Kg thu(tt truyin v8 tuyen: + Day truyin song; + Sr hu hal dtrong truyin; + Ks, thu(it dieu che; + Giao thec mung —Cac tieu + WEE 802.11a/b/g: m8 to giao tiep “truyen qua kitting khi", dung song vo tuyin de tiny& vi than tin hien gitta mOt thiet bj Ichang day vi t6ng dii hoc diem truy c#p, hay gift hai hay nhieu thiet bj di dOng voi nhau; + IEEE 802.15.1 PAN/I3luetooth; + IEEE 802.15.3 ultrawideband (UWB); + WEE 802.15.4/Zigbee: 11 tieu chain cho v8 tuyen Zigbee la phin mem (mg dung vi mung logic; + IEEE 802.16 Wimax; Footer Page of 258 Header Page of 258 + IEEE 1451.5 (Wireless Sensor Working Group); + Mobile IP — Cie phin mem img dung: + He diet hanh; + Phin mem mpg; + Phlin mem kit nii ca so de lieu truc dip; + Phin mem trung gian; + Phin mem quail de lieu 1.2.1 Cdc thank ph4n co ban ctfu uric mgng cam biin Trong phin t8i t#p trung yao cac phin co ban yi thiet ke mpg tam caa m8 hinh mpg WSNs clang (C1WSNs) vi dAy II m8 hinh c6 s6 ltrog 16n cam bits mpg, chugi de lieu nhieu, du lieu Idiong th#t hoan hao, kha Wing his hang cac node cao, ding nhu Ichit tang bj nhigu 16n, giai hp tong suit cung cip, thieu thong tin cac node mpg Do d6, C1WSNs t6ng quit ham C2WSNs Sr phat tan mpg cam Wen dua tren su cal tien ye cam bien, thOng tin, tinh toan (giai thu#t trao d6i de lieu, pan cling ya phin mem) H1nh 1.1 du& day cho thiy c&u trac caa mOt mang cam Wen th8ng thuong Cac cam bien lien kit theo giao thee multihop, phan chia cluster chon node c6 kha n5ng tit nh&t lam node trung tam, tit ca cac node loci se truyen ye node l chinh Nh6 yaly, Wing luqng cling nhu bang th8ng se duqc stl dung hieu qua hon Tuy nhien, du trim mpg phirc tap va giao thec phan chia cluster ya djnh toy& ding tr6 nen kh6 khan hen