Luận văn mạng wireless sensor network kỹ thuật, ứng dụng và định tuyến

BANG CAC Kir HMU, cic CHfr WET TAT ADC Analogue/Digital converter BO chuyin di Wang tv / s6 AODV Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance- Vector Dinh toyer dtra vio chugi chi Wong theo you du tam t

BO MAO DVC DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HQC THANG LONG

KH6A LUAN TOT NGHIti)

MANG WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Gilo vii n luthng din : Ths Holing Trim Minh Sinh vien thyc hien : To BIDAng

MJC LVC PHAN 1 TONG QUAN 11,14.NG CAM BIEN KHONG

1.2.1 Cdc themh pan co bein cdu true mgng clun bin 6

2.4 Hgn chi cis node dm bi n •••••••••••••■•••••■ 17

PHAN 3 MOT SO irNG DUNG CUA hifiNG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY IS

3.2.3 Ong dung trong qudn sir va an ninh quoc gia 24 3.2.4 Ong dung trong biro v mdi trudng va ?song nghiep thong minh 25

3.3.1 Ong dung qudn sir, an ninh va thin nhien 29 3.3.2 Ong dung trong gam sift xe cd va cdc thong tin lien quan 29

3.4.1 Dilu khiIn cdc that bj trong nha 31

3.4.3 Quern ly qua trinh to ding trong cong nghiep 31

PHAN 4 CAC GIAO TH(TC DINH TUYEN CHO MLNG CAM BIEN ICID5NG DAY

4.1 Sg phin phi' vi hgp dtt Kin

4.2 Thilit kid vi thich thfrc trong kq thu$t dinh tuyin WSN

34 35

4.2.1 Kich think m4;mg va djic dnh that' e i theo thee' gian 35

4.3 Giao thic djnh twin trong mgmg WSNa

4.3.3 Giao tar dinh tuyin thong tin qua sv thaw thuorm 40 4.3.4 Pan nithm pan b4c twang thich, ?Ong luvng thdp (LEACIV 44 4.3.5 nip trung hieu qua cong emit trong he tang thong tin cam bieis 47

DANH MVC BINH ANH, BANG BMW

Hinh 3.1 C1WSNs, lien kit multipoint-to-point, multi-hop 18 Hinh 3 2 C2WSNs, lien kit point-to-point, multipoint-to-point 18

Binh 3 4 Mee lieu thy Wing luqng trong Bluetooth vi Zigbee 30

Hinh 43 Flooding cac gai de lieu trong mang thong tin 38

Hinh 4.14 Phan ph6i de lieu theo tuyin dueng duqc eke Wing cao chit luong 51 HInh 415 Quyit djnh chuyin flip mang tinh cuc be vi toan he thing 53

Bang 1.1 Clic rfnh Arc nghien can v8 WSNs 3 Bing 1.2 Cac gist° thfrc c6 thi clang cho lop tap tong WSNs 9 Bang 1.3 Thin tit vi so sanh cic giai dogn phit Wen cast mpg cam Bien 11

BANG CAC Kir HMU, cic CHfr WET TAT

ADC Analogue/Digital converter BO chuyin di Wang tv / s6

AODV Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance-

Vector

Dinh toyer dtra vio chugi chi Wong theo you du tam thoi

API Application program interface He giao till) Igp trinh Ong dung

ARC Adapti eve transmitssion rate

contr Dieu khien t6c d$ tray& din thich fag

ARQ automatic repeat request Ca chi skla 18i bang you can Iiip lai tv

dOng

CSMA Carrier sense multiple access Da truy nhgp theo cam Win bru luvng DSDV Destination-Sequenced

Distance-Vector

Dinh tuyin theo chugi chi Wong vol Bich tan tv

DSR Dynamic Source Routing ' Giao thfrc djnh tuyen ngu6n dOng

FDMA Frequency division multiple

FEC Forward error correction Cu the sera lgi tru6t

GPS Global Possition System He th6ng djnh vi torn au

HITP HyperText Tranffer Protocol Giao thfrc truyin sieu van bia

HVAC Heating ventilation, and air

ME Minimum energy Nang luvng ti8u thy cvc tieu

MECN Minimum energy

communication network

Mpg truyin thong viri riling hrimg clic tieu

NAM Network AniMator M6 ti mpg bang hlnh anh ti)ng

NS-2 Network Simulator version 2 Phin mem m8 phong Luang phien bin2

Tai Ali tit, ng c

r* , Nal& mug vuif QoS Quality of service Chit luqng djch vp

RERR Route error packet 06i bio liSi tuyin

RREP Route reply packet 06i dip img yeu au tuyin

RREQ Route request packet 061 yeu cal' Wyk

RS-232 Serial Radio Link - 232 Lien kit v8 tuyin n6i dip theo chuin

RS-232 SAR Sequential assignment routing Dinh tuyin chi djnh lien tpc

SMECN Small minimum energy

communication network

Mang truyin Wing v6i nAng luvng cvc

au logi nhe SMACS Self Organizing MAC for

Sensor network

Giao thirc MAC tv t6chile cho mpg sensor

SMP Sensor management protocol Giao thirc quan sensor

SPIN Sensor protocols for

information via negotiation

Cie giao thircthong tin sensor thong qua th6a thuen

SQL Structure Query Language Nee net truy yin theo ciu frac

SQTL Sensor query and tasking

Mang cac that bj aim bien tick hqp thiet

14 thu phit !thong day WISENET Wireless SEnsor NETwork He thong meng sensor khong day

WISENET WLAN Wireless local area network Mang clic be khOng day

WSN Wireless sensor network Meng cam ban kliong day

LoI NOI DAU

Sr phit trim cba internet, truyin thong vi Ong nghe thong tin kit ho vai nheng din bo) ky thuat gin day di too dilu kiln cho cic the he cim biin mod vei gii thinh thip, lchi Wing trier lchai quy ma lan vai dO chink xic cao C8ng nghe diet' khiin vI cim biin gim cim Win day, cim Min trubng Bien ter, cim Min tin si v6 tuyin, cim Win quang lien vi gong ngogi, laser rada vI cim Min djnh vj din dubng

Cic fin bO trong lTnh vuc thiet ki cim been, vat lieu cho phap giim kich thubc, trong luqng vi chi phi sin xuit cim bin ding then tang kill Wing hoot gong vI da chinh xic Trong tuang lai gin, mgng cam bile lchemg day se tech hop hang trieu cam

bier vio he thing di cii thien chit luqng vi thbi gian sing

Cang nghe diet' khiin vI cim bien c6 film Wing 16.n, khong chi trong khoa hgc

vi nghien c(ru, mI quan trong hon chum; thrqc stir dyng rang rili trong cac big dung lien quan din bio ve cic c8ng trinh tong yiu, chin sac sac khae, bio ye meoi tnrimg Wing luqng, an toin thuc phim, sin xuit, Wing cao chit luqng cuac sing vi kinh ti V6i myc tier giim gii thank vi tang lieu qui trong deg nghiep vi throng mgi, mpg cim biin lchting dity se mang din sy tier nghi vi cic fmg dyng Wit thyc ring cao chit luqng cuOc sing cho con ngubi

Trong nai dung di lieu nay, em xin trinh bay mat cii nhin tong gam vi mmHg cam bin Ichong day, ceu t o vi cic k thu$t xiy dmg mgng cim Min lchOng day Cic ung cb,mg phi lien co nhieu film am Ong dung trong thyc ti Ben onh d6 la cic ky

thuat dinh tuyln trong mgng cim Win lchong dly

Em xin chat' thinh cam on sy huong an nhiet dnh cia thiy Hoing Trong Minh,

sy gqi mar vi gap thiy da hi trq em rit nhieu di em ca the hoin thanh di tai niy

DANH M)C CAC TAI THAM 'CHAO

1 Kamm Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati (2007) Wireless Sensor • Network Technology, Protocols, and Application John Wiley & Sons, Inc

2 Anna Sic (2003) Wireless Sensor Network Designs John Wiley 8c Sons, Inc

3 Trill Van Su (2005) Truyin so lieu va mpg thong tin stS Nha xuit ban dpi

lux qutoc gia TP.H6 Chi Minh

PHAN 1 TONG QUAN Vt MANG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY (WIRELESS

SENSOR NETWORK)

1.1 Gild thien

Mpg cam Win (sensor network) la ciu talc, la sq kit hqp voi cac kha tiling cam xfr thong tin va cac thinh phin lien lgc de tao kha Hang quan sat, pith tick va phial (mg Igi yeti cac su kien, hien tuqng xey ra tong m6i tiding cu thi nal° d6 Mei truing c6 the la the gi6i vet 1* hay he thong sinh hqc

Cac (mg thing ca bin cua mung cam ban chu yiu gem thu thtip der lieu, giant sat, theo dal, va cac (mg dung tong y hoc Tay nhien (mg dung cua mpg cam Win ttly theo yeu ciu stl dung con rit da dgng va kheng bi gi6i hgn

C6 4 thanh phin ca ban du to nen mOt mon cam bits:

—Cac cam Win duqc phin b6 theo m6 With t#p trung hay phan b6 rai ric;

—Mpg luai lien kit gift cac cam ban (c6 chly hay v6 tuyin);

—Diem trung tam t#p hqp dtt lieu (Clustering);

— BO phen xt1 I* de lieu 6 trung tam

MOt node cam biin la su kit hqp gitta cam Min va bO ph#n 2a1 lf, hap , con goi la mote

King cam Win kh6ng day (WSN) la mpg cam Win tong d6 cac node cam ban

duqc kit n6i yeti nhau bang sang v6 tuyin

1.1.1 Cling nghe Sensor Network

Trong mgng cam Win, cam Win duqc xem nhu la phin quan tong nit& phuc vu cho cac (mg dung Cang nghe cam bit!' vk dieu khien bao g6m cac cam biin trubng dien tar; cam Win tin s6 v6 tuyin;quang, h6ng ngogi, radars, lasers; cac ciun tan dinh

vi, din doing, do dgc cac thong so m6i tiding; va cac cam Win phuc vu tong (mg dung an ninh, sinh h6a Ngay nay cam ban duqc RI dung vol se luqng 16n

King WSNs c6 d#c diim rieng, dog suit bi gioi hgn, th2ri gian cung cep Wing luqng cOa ngu6n (ch6 yiu la pin) ca that gian ngin, chu kjr nhiem vtr ngin, quan he da

diem-diem, s6 luqng kl.rn cac node cam Min

Cam Win ce the chi gem 1 hoc mOt day cam ban Kich thuoc rut da dgng, tar

nano (1-100nm), meso (100-10000nm), micro (10-1000um), macro (vai mm-m)

Do d#c filth cua mon WSNs la di dOng va fru& day do chti yeti la phuc W tong linh Arc quan su nen doi hoi tinh bao m#t cao Ngay nay, cac thmg WSNs mo

rang cho cac (mg dung thirong moi, viec tieu chum has se too nen tInh (mg dung cao cho mong WSNs

Cie nghien ye WSNs ce the chia ra lam nhieu thinh phhn, cac so lieu thong

ke On day cho 6 bang 1.1

Bang L I Ceic MA vvc nghien Ohl 4 WSNs

Cac nghien dm gin day phat tan thong tin ding suit thip vai cac node x6 co gia thanh thip va ce khi niing tkr phan be sip xep, lqa chip giao thfic cho mong, giai quyet bii toin quan tong nhit cila mong WSNs la khi niing cung cep 'Tang hrqng cho cac node cam Men bj gioi hen Cic m6 hinh Wong day c6 much lieu tho filing luqng thip duqc uu tien phat tan Hieu qui stl dung Ong suit cia WSNs ye t6ng quit dua tren 3 tieu chi:

— Chu k3 hoot gag ngin;

—XII 1Sf dft lieu toi cac node de giam chilli dai da lieu vi the gian truyin;

—M8 hinh mon multihop lam giam chat dai duling iruyen, qua d6 giam suy hao ttong cong, gain tOng deg suit cho duimg truyen

WSNs duqc chia him 2 loci, theo mto hinh kit mil vi djnh tuyen ma cac node stl dung

a Laid 1 (C1WSNs)

— Si (long cac giao that djnh tuyin ding;

—Cac node to tim throng di tet nhit den dich;

— Vai tro cis cac node sensor nay dei WA cac node Ice tie') nhu la cac trim lap (Repeater);

— Khoing cach rit ion (hang nghln met);

— C6 khi fling x6 if dft lieu 6 cac node chuyin tiep;

—Mong nit phtic top

b Loci 2 (C2WSNs)

—M8 hinh da diem-diem hay diem-diem, mOt kit niSi radio den node thing tam;

—Sir ding giao tilt= djnh tuyen tinh;

—MOt node 'thong cung cup thong tin cho cic node kW;

— Khoing each chi vii tram met;

—Node chuyin tiep kh8ng c6 Ichi aging cho clic node Ichtic;

—He th6ng don gib

Tieu chain tin s6 dang duqc ap ding cho WSNs la IEF,F 802.15.4 Hoot dOng tai tin s6 2.4GHz trong deg nghiep, khoa hoc vi y hoc (ISM), cung cap &Yong truyen dit lieu len den 250kbps b khoing catch 9-62 met Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 duqc thiet Ice de b6 sung cho catc cong nghe kh8ng day nhu Bluetooth, Wifi, Ultrawideband (UWB), max dfch phoc vu cho cac (mg ding thuong

Vii so ra dbi ca la ti8u chuan Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4, cac he th6ng din phial trien theo huang ti8u chuin, cho phep catc calm bien truyen th8ng tin qua talc kenh truyen duqc tieu chuin

Nhieu nghien ciru trong lTnh voc mong Mobile ad hoc, WSNs Wang to nhu MANETs theo mOt vii d#c diem Ca hai den la char' mong Wireless, multihop, tuy nhien cac img dung vat ki thu#t gifts hai he thong ce }chic nhau:

— Dung th8ng thutmg cala WSNs la da ngu6n dft lieu Irwin den nai nhafin, khic h&n voi diem-diem trong MANETs;

—Cac node trong WSNs it di dOng, trong khi clic node trong ad hoc lat di dOng;

—Trong WSNs, clft lieu til talc calm bien chil yeti la tal cac hien tuqng, stir kien the gioi thuc Can b MANETs chal you la dit lieu;

—Do nguan cung cap c6 gi6i hon non aging hrqng trong WSNs duqc quail 1S, rat chit cho Trong MANETs c6 the IchtIng hi ring buOc bbri ngu6n cung cap do cac that bj th8ng tin c6 the duqc thay the nguan cung cap thutmg xuyen bei ngutti sCt dung;

— S6 Wong node trong WSNs la rat Ion con trong MANETs ft han

Do su kluic biet gifts hai m8 hinh giao thirc ma CAC giao thalc dinh tuyen trong MANETs khOng the alp dung hoin toin cho WSNs Tuy nhien c6 the coi WSNs nhu mOt phin trong MANETs (ad hoc)

1.1.2 eng dung caa wag cam ban

Trong pan stir: theo d8i talc max tieu, chien truing, cac nguy ca tin c6ng nguyen sink

Trong m8i trartmg: Gum sat chay rung, thay d6i khf

Y te, sec Ich6e: giam sat benh than trong benh vier, quan 1ST thutoc, diet' khan to

Trong gia dinh: ip ding trong ng8i nha th8ng minh, dieu ichien cac thiet bj

dien

Thucmg mai: (lieu khien trong m8i trterng c8ng nghiep vi van phong, giim sat xe

cO, giao th8ng

1.2 Ting quan vi Id thu$t WSNs

Nhu d8 de c#p 6 phin tren, mOt vii mung cam hien dung giao thec xt113% tui node ngu6n trong tam, mOt s6 dung giao thirc xt1 then eau &lc hay goi la xir trtr6c tui node Thay vi goi de lieu di den node chuyin tap, node thuting dung Ichit Wing x6 1y

de lieu cut' minh de gig guy& truem khi phut di V6i dung du frac, de lieu duqc xOr den mire trot Whit nhtf de lam giiun duqc Wing lucong cin dung vi bang thong kenh truyen Sau day la mOt vii kT thu(it vi tieu chain phu hop v6i mpg cam bier:

+ tin hieu;

+ Non vi cac giao thee phat hien, sea 18i;

+ Phan chia cluster;

+ Ty phan Whom

—Kg thu(tt truyin v8 tuyen:

+ Day truyin song;

+ Sr hu hal dtrong truyin;

+ Ks, thu(it dieu che;

+ Giao thec mung

—Cac tieu

+ WEE 802.11a/b/g: m8 to giao tiep “truyen qua kitting khi", dung song vo tuyin de tiny& vi than tin hien gitta mOt thiet bj Ichang day vi t6ng dii hoc diem truy c#p, hay gift hai hay nhieu thiet bj di dOng voi nhau;

+ IEEE 802.15.1 PAN/I3luetooth;

+ IEEE 802.15.3 ultrawideband (UWB);

+ WEE 802.15.4/Zigbee: 11 tieu chain cho v8 tuyen Zigbee la phin mem (mg dung vi mung logic;

+ IEEE 802.16 Wimax;

+ IEEE 1451.5 (Wireless Sensor Working Group);

+ Mobile IP

— Cie phin mem img dung:

+ He diet hanh;

+ Phin mem mpg;

+ Phlin mem kit nii ca so de lieu truc dip;

+ Phin mem trung gian;

+ Phin mem quail de lieu

1.2.1 Cdc thank ph4n co ban ctfu uric mgng cam biin

Trong phin nay t8i t#p trung yao cac thanh phin co ban yi thiet ke mpg tam caa m8 hinh mpg WSNs clang 1 (C1WSNs) vi dAy II m8 hinh c6 s6 ltrog 16n cam bits trong mpg, chugi de lieu nhieu, du lieu Idiong th#t hoan hao, kha Wing his hang cac node cao, ding nhu Ichit tang bj nhigu 16n, giai hp tong suit cung cip, thieu thong tin cac node trong mpg Do d6, C1WSNs t6ng quit ham C2WSNs Sr phat tan mpg cam Wen dua tren su cal tien ye cam bien, thOng tin, tinh toan (giai thu#t trao d6i de lieu, pan cling ya phin mem)

H1nh 1.1 du& day cho thiy c&u trac caa mOt mang cam Wen th8ng thuong Cac cam bien lien kit theo giao thee multihop, phan chia cluster chon ra node c6 kha n5ng tit nh&t lam node trung tam, tit ca cac node loci nay se truyen ye node l chinh Nh6 yaly, Wing luqng cling nhu bang th8ng se duqc stl dung hieu qua hon Tuy nhien,

du trim mpg phirc tap va giao thec phan chia cluster ya djnh toy& ding tr6 nen kh6 khan hen

Ifinh 1.1 Mo hinh wing cam ban thong thuOng

a MOt vii dee diem

- Cic node phin b6 diy dec;

- Cic node ca bi hu hong;

- Giao thirc mpg thay d6i thubng xuyen;

- Node bi gioi han ve Gong suit, khi Wing tinh town vi be nh6;

- Cic node c6 the khemg ding nhitt tren town thing vi s6 lucmg qui 16n

b C&u to met node cam Wen

Theo hInh 1.2 du& day thl met node aim Bien c6 cfu too g6m 4 thinh phin co

bin:

- Dan vi cim Win (Sensing unit);

- Dan vi xfr 1S, (Processing unit);

- Dan vi truyin din (Transceiver);

- BO ngu6n (Power unit);

- Nhitng thinh phAn irng dung lchic (Location finding system, Power generator,

Mobilizer/actuator)

Sensing unit Sensing unit

12

Pronensky unit Sensor ADO Sensor ADC flonannot .4- 1Trunsteiver

Scrap

POwer unit

Fccation OMNI Viten genetator Pamir I mobuzedaatuator

ADO Anakvo-DIsitai Converter

Hmnh 1.2 Cliu too nOt node earn ban

Dan vi cam bien bao g6m mOt cim Nen (sensor) vi met be chuyen di tin hieu

tuang to s6 (ADC) Dua tren nhttng hien tuang quan sit duqc, tin hieu tuang to to

Uri sensor dtrqc chuyin sang tin hieu s6 bing be ADC, sau d6 duqc dtra vio be xir

Met node cam img ce the c6 met hay nhieu don vi cim bier

I

Dan vi Xer 151 thu6ng duqc kit hqp vol mOt bO km nh6 (Storage), guy& dinh cic thi tqc lim cic node kit hqp lai voi nhau de thqc hien nhiem vp dinh sin

Dan vi truyen din duqc n4Si tOi mOt angten de phit tin hieu vi kit cic node

BO nguton li thinh phAn quan tong nhAt, ce nhiem vu cung cep nAng Wrong cho node cim Wen

Thy vio img dung ma cic nixie s8 c6 them cic thinh phin irng dung Tit ci nhung &AM phin nay cAn phii phi hqp v6i kich ca cia t6ng module

c PhAn mum (He diet' hinh vi phAn mum trung gian)

Cic he dieu hinh mA ngul$n m6 duqc this ke dac biet cho mpg WSNs de cung cip sq host dung cho cic node Thong thirtmg, cic he dieu hinh d6ng kiln tnic chat tren thinh phin de c6 the thiet lap mOt cich nhanh ch6ng trong khi dung luong code phii nh6 di phi hqp voi bUt nha ce ban cia mpg cim bien TinyOS la mOt vi du (tan hinh, day la mOt chuin lcheong chinh th(rc Thinh phAn mks TinyOS bao gum giao thirc mang, phan ph6i cic node, drivers cho cim Wen vi cic (mg dyng Rit nhieu nghien stl dung TinyOS trong m8 pheng de phit trim vi kiem tra cic giao th(rc vi giii thuat mai

d Cic chuin cho cic giao thirc van tii

Mqc dich thiet Ice WSNs la de phit trim giii phip main IchOng day dua tren tieu chuin ve hao phi li thAp nhit, dip (mg cic you ciu nhu dit lieu thip vi trung binh, tieu thq c8ng suit thip, dim bao dO bio mat vi tin 4y cho 4 th6ng Vi tri cic node cim bien hiu nhu kh8ng duqc xic dinh tnr6c, non cic giao th(rc vi giii thuat ming phii c6 khi Wing ter Ay dung

Cic nha nghien c(ru d8 phit trim nhieu giao thirc dac biet cho WSNs , trong d6 vin de am bin la Wing luqng lieu thq phii thip nhAt c6 the Chi yeu tap trung vi cic giao thfic dinh tuyin vi dinh tuyen trong WSNs co khic dinh tuyen trong cic mpg truyen thong (phu thuOc vi (twig vi kiln tr(ic mnng)

Minh 1.3 Giao the c chung cho mgng cam bien

Giao thirc mpg cam Men bao gem cac giao th(rc lien lac trong vi ngoai mpg

Giao thirc lien kit trong mpg g6m cac 16p nhu m8 hInh OSI:

- Layer 1: L6p vet 1Sr: cac quy ask ve dien, kenh truyen, cam Min, xth IS , tin hieu;

— Layer 2: Lap lien kit d0 cac du frac khung, quy djnh thoi gian;

— Layer 3: Lap mung: nhiem vu djnh tuyin;

—Layer 4: Lesp giao yen: truyin d0 lieu trong mmHg, luu frit das lieu;

—Layer 5: Lop ang dung hay lop giao phuc vu cac ang dung trong man& bao (mg dung, kit hqp dtt lieu, ale yeu clu th ben ngoai

GPRS/GSM

I xRTT/CDMA IEEE 802.11b/g IEEE 802.15.1 IEEE 802.1! Market name

Cable replacement

Monitoring a control

Reliability power and c4

Bang 1.2 Cdc giao disk c6 thi dung cho lop tap trong WSNs

Bang 1.2 neu ra met se giao &Cm 16p the!) c6 the (mg dung cho WSNs So sang gifta cac chain, mac Bich c>ja 1mg dung, tieu chum cho thiet ke, khoing cach truyin

va bang thong t6i da Mac du cam bien co gia thanh ngay cang the') nhung yin can thieu cac lieu chain mang cho WSNs, &ell nay la met yeti t6 gay can tra su phut tan mpg cam Wen trong thuong mai

e Dinh tuyen va phAn tin dl lieu

Giao th(rc djnh tuyen cho WSNs roi vio 3 nhom: de lieu trung tam, kiln trim mpg, can dr vio vj tri Cac quy vac ve tap hqp de lieu de kit hqp aft lieu den tfr cac nguen Ichic nhau qua dubng truyen Dieu nay cho phep han chi su du thba trong mong, liun giant luqng dtrimg truyen, giarn Ming luqng tieu tho Trong nOi mong, lieu duqc th ngay khi dang duqc truyin nhim tang hieu qua sir dung nAng luqng cOa town he thong Di giAi guy& cac van de nhu gioi han bang thong, khA nAng sung cep deg suit tai cac node bj hon chi hay giA thanh cao, thi can c6 qua trinh

truac toi nguen tru6c khi chuyin qua cac node lan can, chi truyen thong tin tem tit vi tang hqp nhit

f chirc vi theo doi mong cam Bien

CAc vin de lien quan den ch(rc mong, theo d8i vi giAm sat mong bao gem quan

15, nhem cAc cam Bien, Icha Wing to phAn chia nhern, xAy di,mg phien lam viec

i Bio met

Bat) mat la met phAn quan tong trong mpg WSNs, ne dam ham su an toim, chic chin, nhit quart vi tinh sin sang curt thong tin

1.2.2 Qud trinh phdt triin mpg cam ban

Thiri chi& trang With, cAc mong ngim duqc phit irien rOng rAi 6 My dung trong giam sat ngim duth day Bien Moog tren kitting phimg thu radar duqc Irian khai

6 Bic My

Su thtic day manh me cho nghien mong cam Bien vio diu nheng nAm 1980

vai chuong trinh Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

Sr phat then cic (mg dung trong quan sir, Niko nhOng am 1980-1990, day c6 lila coi la the 110 di* nhit cda cac sin pant thuang mai dua tren cac nghien dm DARPA DSN

Nghien ciru mpg dun Wan ngiy nay, day la the 110 thfr hai cda (mg dung thuang mai Buck lien trong tinh to& vi truyan thong vio cuai nhOng atm 1990 vi diu nhung Mtn 2000 da tao ra ky thu(it mpg cam ban the he mai Cie cam ban mai duqc die tao c6 gii thinh s6 luqng 16n theo deg nghO MEMS, nanoscale electromechanical system (NEMS) vi stir xuat hiUn cac lieu chain li chia khOa cho stir phat trim WSNs

Tha h# tbfr nhit (1980s-1990s)

Thib thfr hai (din nbitng aim 2000)

Thi hi thfr ha (cu6i *big nim Iwo

Kit n trfic node Cam bien r6i roc,

Giao thirc Chua ce clan

Tieu chuin: Wifi, Zigbee, Wimax

Can hinb mang Diem-diam, hlnh

sao, da duting

Client-server, peer-to- peer

peer-to-peer mire (10 cao

hay pin m#t tr6i

Wong del Ngity,gi6 hay lau

lan

Bang 1.3 Tom frit va so sdnh cac giai down phia triin clia mang cam ban

1.2.3 Cdc thdch they va trd' nggL

De WSNs thuc stir tr6 nen rung rai trong cic (mg dung thi can phii vuqt qua mOt s6 trot ngai vi thich thin sau:

—Cluic 'ding giai hen, bac, gam ca van de kich thuoc;

— Nguan cung cap;

—Gia thinh cic node;

— It& t6 m8i truing;

—Dac tinh kenh truyan;

—Giao rink quan IS? mpg phirc tap va su phAn bto rai cac node;

— Tien chili va quyin sZr Wu;

—Cie vin de ye nif!r rung

PHAN 2 ICir THU*T CAM BIEN KHONG DAY

() nhttng plain tru6c t8i neu dinh nghia va khai quit ye mung cam hien, d#c biet la mpg cam Men IchOng dAy, cling vol nhttng 6ng dung dm n6 Phin nay tea se giOi thieu sau han ye cam Wen, phin ding va phin mem, phan loui cam hien, hon chi cua node cam bien va Wong phit trien mkt node cam hien tong mpg WSNs

2.1 Node cam Mtn

nhttng phin truck tea dA nhic den node cam hien va mat s6 tmg chmg, chirc Wing cua no Bay gib, UM sa trInh bay sau han ye chirc nAng cua cac node cam hien, mat thanh phin v8 cling quan tong trong m8 hlnh mung cam bits noi chung va mung cam hien Wong dly noi rieng

Kurg WSNs gam nhieu node cam Wen phan be pink tan bao phu mat vung dja 1Sr Cac node ce Icha nAng lien luc v8 tuyin vol cac node lin c#n de truyen du lieu rift ngu6n den trong tam Chtic nAng ea ban cilia cac node trong WSNs phi thuOc vac, Ung dung cua mung db MOt s6 chirc Wing chinh cua node cam hien:

—Xac d nh duqc gii tr1 cac thong sti (nhiet dO, ap suit, cuong dO anh sing ) tui nai lip d(It, lchao sat;

—Phat hien su ten tui mkt cac su kien can quan tam va uOc luong cac thong s6 cda su kien d6 Vi du nhu mung WSNs dung trong canh bao blo thi cac cam Wen phai nh(in Wet duqc t6c dO gib, hutmg gib va hureng di chuyin alai can blo, tic dO cua can blo ;

— Phan biet cac dai Wong Vi du mpg cam bien dung trong du him bito phai cap nh#t duqc huong di Nth t6c dO cua can bito di chuyin trong yang bao plul cua mung Hay trong quAn su, mung WSNs phai cap nhet vj tri cue dOi phucmg di chuyin trong vung phd song

Cac he thong c6 the dip img yeu ciu theo thoi gian thuc hay gin nhu the, thy theo yeu ceu va muc dich mkt thong tin can thu th#p

Cam hien gam nhieu nhom chic nAng nhu ca, h6a, nhiet, dien ttr, sinh hoc, quang, chit long, song sieu Am Cam hien c6 the duqc dua ra ben ngoai m8i trtrong nguy hid; moi truerng c6 nhiet dO cao, mire dao dOng, nhigu len, m8i truong h6a chit dOc hoi; c6 the lip d#t trong hit thong r8 bat to dOng hay trong cac he thong xu6ng san xuAt Cong nghe cam hien va dieu kin& bao g6m truong dien Nit ttY; cam bit% song radio; cam hien quang, hang ngogi; radar; laser; cam hien vj tri hay djnh vj; cam bien huong muc dich phuc vu cho an ninh sinh h6a

Power unit

_4

Pavan

or 1 1 Moblitzeolactustar generat

LacatIon finding system

Cac cam Bien c6 ldch thuoc nh6, de nhay cao, gia thanh thip, in djnh IA ding tin cay It yeu th quan trong tao nen cac mang WSNs host dOng hieu qua vi kink

froth 2.1 Sit phdt Irian cut cling nghe* chi No cam biln

Hinh 2.1 cho chung to th&y si phat trim curt c8ng nghe chi tao can Bien giai (loan gin day Node ket hqp cam bien vi xu 15+ giai down am 1999 c6 kich thuoc Ion han mOt ding xu, c6 cac IC tich hqp cam lien Cac nim tiep theo, kich thuang cua cam bien giam din V& si phat trim cua Ong ngh4 nano, MEMS c6 kich thuOc giam

di ding ke, kern theo d6 la giam nang luqng tieu thu, tang thOi gian su dung, kha Wing

dO 8n djnh cao han Nhttng nilm du 2000, the tich alit node Ichoang 16.387 mm3, den !Am 2007 chi con 1 mm3 (theo SPeckNet Research)

2.2 Phin cfrng vii phin mem

Khi thiet ke node trong mpg WSNs, cac chirc Wing ca bin cin pith co la: chi= niing ca ban cut node; chirc Wing 1$1, bao g&m x1.1 ly so tin hieu, nen, phat hien vi sira 18i, dieu khien vi th8a hinh; phan nhem vi tfnh town trong mpg; thong tin; ti kit hqp; djnh tuyen vi quan 15, kit n8i Be c6 nhitng chirc Ming nay thi phin cling cua node phai c6 cam bien vi bO phan thuc thi, bO nguin vi cic phin phuc vu cho cic chirc fling Ichac Ciu tic ben trong node phi thuOc vio dO phirc tap cis (mg dung

ADO 1.• Analog-to-010a/ Converter

Hinh 2.2 chi ra cac thinh phin phin ding cau tao nen mOt node thong thuang Phan cimg chia lam 4 nham chinh:

— Nguan cung cap: cung cap vi dam bio ming Itrqng cho node host dOng;

—Luu tire vi tinh toin: phpc vp cho chirc dieu chi se, djnh tuyen ;

— Cam bien: Wen dui cac th6ng so mai ttuang thinh thong tin;

— Lien lac: trao dui de lieu giea cac node yeti nhau vi yen trung tam

Softens'

Hinh 2.3 Cdu too phim mem clia node cam biln Cac thitnh phin ciu tao phin mem cua node duqc dua ra a hinh 2.3 Phan mum g6m 5 nham chinh:

—He dieu hanh (OS) microcode: lien kit phin mem vii chic Ong bO Hien nay, cac nghien ciru dang huang den thiet ke ma ngutin ma cho OS di nh rieng cho mpg WSNs;

— Sensor va Drivers: day lit nheng module quan ljr chirc nang co ban ctia phin cam bien;

—BO xCr 1S, thong tin: quan ch(rc nang thong tin, bao g6m djnh tuyen, chuyin gal, duy trl giao th(rc, ma haa, sea 16i ;

— BO phan xfr 1S, de lieu (Processor): th 1St cac tin hieu da hru tre, thuang ca cac node xe trong mpg

2.3 Phan hni cam ban

Hien nay, cac loci cam bien rat da dang, do da can phii ca sq phan loci Ca rat nhieu loci cam bien, nhu cam bien nhiet, cam bien quang O day tai phan lo3i cam bien theo dac diem ve kich thuac, tong suAt, khi [tang x* 1Sr, the dO host dung, giao thirc djnh tuyen

2.4 Hgn chi cast node cam Min

Khi hoot dOng, node cam hien bi rang buOc boi mOt s6 yku t6:

—Nguge cung cap: nang Wog cung cip cho cac node la ca giai hgn, do d6 viec

su ding hieu qui nguen Ming lugng la vin de then chOt trong thiit ki cac he

— Sr lcheng chic chin cac thong s6: de lieu ci ► thu thap c6 the kern then nhigu

te m8i trusting ben ngoii Cac node bj hu hang c6 the lam sai lech de lieu Sr

be tri cac node lam sai lech hoot dung can node

2.5 MI hirieng phit triin via node cam ban

De mong WSNs ca the dugc trien khai rOng rai yeti quy m8 lan thi kich thuac, gia thanh vi Ong suit tieu thy mkt node phai giam va sg thong mink cila node phai tang Cin c6 he thong cam hien kit hgp cac thuat tien lien nhu con nghe nano, mpg phan be, th8ng tin v8 tuyin bang rOng

Viec thu nh6 kich thuac va giam gii thinh la vin de quan trong hang diu Sg tich hgp cam hien, vi ace 1Sr, nguen Wing lugng vi giao tiep mpg thong tin tren mOt chip se lam viec trao doi de lieu gitta cam bie ► vi m8i truing ben ngoiti tra nen d clang hcm

Viec lieu chuin h6a ding nit can thiit Tgo ra cac lieu chuin chung se gigp mpg WSNs img ding rOng rai hon trong thgc ti, c6 kha Ming giao tiep vii cac he thong mpg khac, nhu mpg internet, cung cap cic djch vg da dgng hon Cac nghien

tiro dang huang den cac ky thuot the tao cam biin moi, he thong mpg cam bien phin

be, tich hgp cim bien trong cac he thong thtrcmg h8 try hieu qui cho cac qua trinh

ra quyet dinh

2.6 Kit luan

Trong thgc ti hien nay, mpg WSNs dang rat dugc ua chuOng sCr dying trong rat nhieu vgc d&i stag bai chic Ming, phan logi da dang Nth nheng dac diem not trOi cult node cim biin Tuy nhien, de WSNs dugc ap ding rung rai vi quy m8 hon nits thi cac nhi nghien tiro can phai giim bat nhang hgn chi trong ho3t dOng cgs node cam bien, trong da quan trying nhit la nguOn cung cap vb khi Wing ace ly, km trffrr cia node cam bien

PHAN 3 MOT SO irNG DUNG CUA 1114),NG CAM BIEN KHONG DAY

WSNs la t#p hop cac node cam Bien voi gig thinh thip, ce kha ring lam vies trong diet' kien mai trutmg tq nhien ho#c do ditc cac th8ng lchic va dua nhung thong tin den trong tarn Cac node trong WSNs c6 the lien lgc vai cac node xung quanh no, vit con c6 the xt1 ly cac de lieu thu dtrqc tnrecc khi den cac node lthic WSNs cung cip rit nhieu img dung httu

3.1 Cie ma hinh mgng WSNs

Me hinh WSNs chtl yeu duqc xay dqng theo hai logi:

— Logi 1 (C1WSNs): la he thong ltroi kit not da throng giOa cac node cam Bien qua kenh truyen v8 tuyen, sir dung giao thirc djnh tuyin dung

Hinh 3.1 Cl WSNs, lien kit multipoint-to-point, multi-hop

— Logi 2 (C2WSNs): la ma hinh diem-diem hay da diem-diem, ch6 yen la cac lien kit don (single hop) gift cac node, sir dung giao thirc djnh tuyen tinh

OEM leant Pare

Hinh 3.2 C2WSNs, lien kit point-to-point, multipoint-to-point

imullegalW-downine

•■••11*

t ottoollnId 1,114411AWelt ; lwernmosellnee Nadel-

Ngoai m c6 the phan WSNs thimh hai dung hqp tic vi bit hqp tic Trong clang hqp tic, cic node chuyin th8ng tin cho cic node lan can Con trong dung bit hqp tic, cic node chuyen th8ng tin truc flip len trung tam x6 ljr ma khong qua cic node lin

On

Bit hqp tic

Hqp tic

Hinh 3.3 MI5 hinh hop tac va &it hpp tcic

Mac d6 con di nhieu cich phan Iogi m8 hinh 'chic, nhung C1WSNs vi C2WSNs

la hai clgng tang quit nhlt cho cic cich ciu hinh WSNs Cic ring dung chi yeti duqc xay dung dua tren hai m8 hinh nay

3.2 Cic frng dung cia mgng WSNs

Cic ung dung curt WSNs duqc chia thinh hai loci fing dung theo m8 hinh: hu

thong diem-diem cl6ng giao thirc djnh tuyin tinh he thong phirc tap dung giao thric djnh tuyin dung

Su hOi to cfra Internet, thong tin v8 tuyen vi Icy thuat thong tin da tgo cho cling nghe cam bie ► su phit then diy tiem Wing Phin cling ws, dac blot la cic

gii thimh thip, cam bien nh6 gqn, plan thu phit v8 tuyin tieu thu cling suit thip (IA tr6 thanh cic tieu chuin chung Mpg cim bier th8ng thuong hogt dOng 6 tin s6 868-915 MHz, he theng thuong mai (IEEE 802.11b hay IFPF 802.5.4) hogt dOng trong day tin

so 2.4 GHz

Trong nheng ram gin day, cic nghien cuu ve WSNs da c6 nhitng buck phit trim mph me, cic busk tien nay him hen se tic dung I6n den cic dung rung rai trong

tit ca cac tinh vire coa cuOc sang nhu quan sir, an ninh qu6c gia, nang luqng,, flied trutmg, sirc kb:lc dbi sang

Sau day la cac (mg ding ph6 hien nhit ctia WSNs

3.2.1 Giant set va tub khan cOng nghifp

MOt nha may cong nghiep, c6 quy m8 rung dien hinh c6 mOt phong dieu khien Wong dai nho, xung quanh c6 cac thiet may mac twang dai Ion Phong dieu khien c6 cac dling hli chi bao va cac may hien till de mo ti tang thai cac thiet (tang thai cac van, tang thai thiet bi, nhiet dO vi ap suit alit nguyen lieu duqc lau triY, v.v ), diu vao cac thiet bi de dieu khien cac b0 truyen dung trong cac may mac (cac van, cac bep

Id, v.v ) ma tac dung den tang thai duqc theo dai cea may mac Cac cam Wen m8 to tang thai cac may mac, cac kit qua hien thi c>ja chung nim trong phong dieu khien, cac thiet 1:4 diu vao dieu khien, vi cac 1:4 truyen dung trong cac may tit ca tucmg d6i

re khi duqc so sanh vai chi phi cult cac dueng day bQc kim loci ma duqc sir Ong de truyen th8ng gifta chin Tiet kiem chi phi ding ke &roc hoan tit neu mOt phuung tien

!dieing day re c6 sin a cung cup Id& truyen thong nay Bei vi thong tin duqc truyen thong la thong tin tang thai, n6 thutmg thay d6i ch#m VI 4y, trong chi dO v#n hanh blnh thutmg, thong luqng du lieu duqc yeu ciu cea mpg twang d6i chom, nhtmg dO tin c#y duqc yeu ciu cue mpg lei rit cao Mang cam biro khong day cila nhieu node, cung cip nhieu throng din dinh tuyin ban tin cult qua trinh truyen thong multi-hop, c6 the nh#n duqc cac yeu ciu nay

MOt vi da ye dieu Wan deg nghiep khang clay la qua trinh dieu khien b6 trf anh sang quang cao Rit nhieu phi tan trong qua trinh cai d#t cac bang den trong mOt toe nha len lien quan den viec dieu khirn cac bong den — nal ma cac chuyen mach c6 day, vei cac b6ng den duqc b#t vi tit cling nhau, dieu khien bong den, v.v mot he th6ng Ichong day c6 tinh mem deo c6 the t#n clang mOt b0 dieu kin& handheld c6 the duqc trinh de dieu khirn mOt s6 Itrong cac bong den trong mOt theo nhieu citch Ichac nhau gin nhu v8 hen, trong khi vin cung cup mirc dO an ninh duqc yeu ciu bei mOt b0 ph#n lip d#t quang cao

Them mOt vi dp era la viec sir clang cac mpg cam Wen Icheong day trong cac img clang an total deg nghiep Cac mpg cam biro Ichong dly c6 the t#n dung cac cam bien de phat hien sir hien dien cua cac chit dOc ho#c cac v#t lieu nguy hiem, cung cup qua trinh phat hien vi nhOn dang sOm cac khe hb hoc phat hien trail cac tic nhan hoi hoc hoc sinh hoc tram khi thiet nghiem tong c6 xiy ra (vi truck khi cac chit vuqt ra ngoai veng Id& soat) Bei vi mpg khang day c6 the sir ding cac thu#t toan Binh tuyin phan tan, c6 nhieu dutmg dint' tuyen, vi c6 the tv chea tri vi tu duy tit

chimg ce the co gian trong mtit ngoii ctla qua trinh bung no hoac cac thiet hui khic den may cang nghiep, cung clip cac them quyin vai th8ng tin trigig thai may quyet djnh dual cac dieu kien ret kh6

Qua trinh giam sat vi dieu khien ca cAu quay hoac chuyen dung la mOt linh vut khac ph4 hqp vai cac numg cam hien th8ng day Trong cac img dung nhu vay, cac cam hien co day vi cac bO truyin dung thutrng thong thuc hien dugs, dieu ret quan trcong de gitim sat nhiet dO, dao dOng, dung b8i Iran, v.v ctla cac thanh phhn quay cud cac may de toi tru hoa thoi gian gifts cac chu ky bio tri, khi may phiti duqc gift

off-line De lam dugs dieu nay, quan trcong hi he thong cam hien kh8ng day c6 lchit Wing thuc hien cho ldwang thbi gian trqn yen gita cac chu bito tri, nau th8ng n6 thu tieu muc dich cult cac cam bier Dieu nay, trong chuyen dOng quay, yeu ciu sir dung mOt mpg cam Wen yeti cac yeu ciu fling lucmg ret they) Cac mpg cam Men c6 the silt dung rieng biet trong qua trinh du Wm 18i cac thanh phen trong aircaft, nai ma nhang phan tan nay c6 the duqc sir dung cho cac chi tian rieng biet

Vai ling dung lchitc trong linh Arc nay ctia cac mpg cankbien th8ng day la hai nOng, thong hai vi cac dieu kien th8ng khi (HVAC) clia cac toi nha Clic he thong HVAC ca dieu duqc dieu khien bbd mOt s6 luqng nh6 cac may an nhiet vi an Am S6 lumig cac may an nhiet vi on Am nay cling bj giai hen, tuy nhien, boi chi phi ket hqp vol kit not heti tuyen den vj tri (tat he thong HVAC Them nCra, cac bc) dieu khien th8ng khi vi chang rung ma dieu 'chi& trip tie!) trong meal trubng pham vi phbng cling c6 day; cling vai cac 1, do nay, sa luqng cud chting cling bj giai

Tuy nhien, than nhiet ph& sinh do con ngtrbi trong mOt toi nha ding thay dui

twang dei Nhang thay del hang ngiy, hang tuen, theo =la luem xiy ra Nhang thay

di nay duqc kit hqp vai qua trinh phan tan con ngutri trong toi nhi sucit ngay, su6t tuAn, su6t mua, suit nam; nhttng thay dui quan trcmg cling anh hue:mg den than nhiet curt toi nhi tai cac lchming th8ng d6ng deu Vi du, khi cat to chirc cai t6 vi sera chart lai, 'thong gian sbr dung trtrac day cho cho cac van phong c6 the duqc sir dung

WA lb phat sinh nhiet hoac thiet bj chi two Nhang thay dui den ng8i nha ban than chfing ding duqc quan dun: phin kit du ben trong tubng c6 the duqc chen vio, chuyen hoac di Rd di; cac cart s6, cac man chin, cac mai hien cling c6 the duqc them

vao hoac rbi di, v.v Vi tit ci nhang bien dui ce the nay vi ma gin nhu th8ng co ai lam vies trong van pheng trong toil nhi nay c6 the chang nhen chting, nen citi tien duqc yeu cau

Nguyen than din ban cult chirc Ming HVAC th8ng tot nhu vay lam cac he thong dieu khien thiku th8ng tin chinh Vic ye m8i trubng trong toi nha de duy tri mOt mai

tnr2mg thou mai cho con ngu&i BOi vl cluing kh8ng yeu ceu phf ton cic be cam bien

\Tit kich thich c6 day, mpg cam bien Ichong day, 0 the duqc ten dung de gia tang nhanh ch6ng thong tin ye gia trj m8i tnrbng trong toa nha den he thOng dieu khien

HVAC, va giam nhanh ch6ng kha nang tao thank dip img no BO 6n nhiet va

On Am killing day 0 the duqc d#t to mot vii vj tri trong m8i phong de cung cep chi tiet thong tin den dieu khien he thOng Tuong ty, cic be giim rung Ong va giam dung

am luqng lchong day c6 the duqc dung de tao ra met luang Ion de tide chinh dip

img cia he thOng HVAC den nhieu tram Khi mai ngutri trong met pham vi van phong chuyen den phong hOi nghj de meeting, of du, he thong c6 the duqc dip ling bbri vies

&mg cic be ch6ng rung am luqng trong pham vi van phong, trong khi m6 cac be ch6ng rung am luqng tai phong hOi nghj Khi MQi ngutti rbi khoi toa nha, he thOng HVAC c6 the huOng din cic bO ch6ng rung Ong a dip ting thay d6i trong toan be than nhiet toa nha Khi mai nguoi tr81ai trong khi Iii xe duoi mua gib, be 6n trong

va io di mua c6 the phit hien dO itm trong at) mua He thong HVAC sau da c6 the d#t d#c biet tai nai Ich6 rio, lcheng tic Ong den men sO htiv ne an trong phong

He thong HVAC kh8ng day a-mg c6 the gill thich mOt trong nhftng yin de vm

dOi vhf ky su HVAC: Can bang nhiet Am va tinh tang kung khf V6i tramg hqp ma cic ngu$n nhiet duqc phan tin kh8ng deu nhau lchip toa nha VI du trong ng8i nha, nha hip c6 khuynh huOng Am han, beri vi nhiet dO cia bep niu An, trong khi cic phong ngti c6 khuynh huOng lanh han Vao mua deng, kh8ng khf Am han yeu ciu duqc gin den phong ngO, nai ma kh8ng khf lanh han, va ngu$n wing thip han yeu ciu duqc gii den nha bep, nai !thong khf Am han Trong matt he, tuy nhien, nguqc 13i — kheng khf lanh han yeu ciu duqc gin den nha bep, nai ma kh8ng khf Am han, va kheng khf It Nth yeu ciu duqc giii den phong ngi, nai ma kh8ng khf lanh han Su khic biet nay gitta cic qui trinh phan tin killing khf cia nhiet Am va tinh tang khang khi la met vin

de kh6 va dit tien de giai guy& d6i voi cic he thong dieu khien hitu tuyen, boi vi met

be ch6ng rung am luqng den mgi phang trong can nha phii duqc dieu khien dec lip Thu?mg, cic be ch6ng rung duqc d#t tai mOt vj tri dam, c,6 djnh, ngoai cic viing lien tuc va Am lien tuc Voi cic cam bien va cic be truyen Ong kh8ng day trong he

thOng HVAC, tuy nhien, vin dl nay ter nen tam thuong; mOt (nhieu) be ch6ng rung trong m8i phang c6 the duqc dieu khien b8ri mOt (nhieu) cam bien trong m8i phong, sip d#t su can bang he thOng hoan chinh tai nheng thtri diem trong nom

MOt he thOng HVAC c6 nhttng in diem khic Qui trinh giim sit kin cia he thong cho ph8p cic yin de duqc nhOn ra va duqc sfra chtka truffle khi cic phi& toil Ay

ra De b$ xung den cic cam bien vting cu tra cac cam hien trong day 0 the duqc det

tren cac khe ha Them nfra cic cim Min 05 the duqc det trong cac ding thuqng vi ciu trucrt tai be boi ma chits dung 6ng din; nhiet dO bit throng trong cac vtIng nay c6 the chi ra cite 18 to tai hai 1u6ng kh8ng khi neng ho#c lanh VI nhitng nguyen nhan nay, tan be chi phi HVAC ng8i nhi se giam, trong khi stir thoiti mai dm ngutri sir dung gia tang khi de cam Wen vi cic bu truyin dOng duqc tun dung

3.2.2 Ty dthsg hod gia dinh vi din din dyng

Gia dinh la kh8ng gian img ckmg rat lan cho cac mang cam tan kh8ng day Nhieu (mg dung c8ng nghiep vita duqc m8 ti ca m6i lien he Wang tv trong gia (link

Vi du mOt he th6ng HVAC duqc trang bj v6i cic bt) 6n nhiet vi chung rung Wog day c6 the bio ye cac phong du& kith ning mot trtri cua net' nhi - se lieu quit horn mOt ng8i nhit chi trang bj mOt bO 6n nhiet dam c6 day

MOt (mg dung duqc dieu khien chung ttr xa, mOt PDA loai thiet bj c6 the chi kh8ng (lieu khien TV, May nghe DVD, din am thanh n6i vat cac thiet bj diet' gia din!' khic nhung vai cic bang den, ck cinh ctYa, vi elk 6 khoi cling duqc trang bj yeti mOt kit n6i mang cim bien kh8ng day Wri dieu !chi& chung tir xa, mOt b¢ o5 the dieu Wan ng8i nhi lien ich tren ghe Tuy nhien, khi Wing hip din nhit den tfr sr ket

hqp nhieu djch vu, gi6ng nhu ck canh ola to dOng dang khi TV duqc bet, ho#c co the

to dOng ngtmg he th6ng giiti tri gia dinh khi mOt cuOc duqc nhen hen may dieu thoai hoc chu8ng mkt keu Val chi& can vi may tinh ca nhan ci hai duqc ket nei vol nhau theng qua mOt mpg cam Wen khOng day, sec Ong cka mOt vet c6 the duqc lir dung ghi 10 Wog can yeu ciu sv can thiep bang tay

MOt muc dich lon ctla cac mang cam Wen Bong day trong gia dinh duqc mong cher la oic thiet bj ngoai vi may tinh ca nhan, gi6ng nhu cac keyboard vi mice kh8ng day Cac tang dung nay dem 10 uu diem gik thip vi mac tieu the ngu8n thip lk dieu kien thiet yeti dm cdc mang cam bien kh8ng day Ung dung khic trong gia dinh la cic dung cu thong tin dra tren cam bien (sensor-based) ma tic Ong vi lkm viec cling sinh

rO ret cur% nhau de thoi man chtl nhi Ckc mang nay lk met ma rung cua cac dung cu thong tin duqc de xuAt bbd Norman

Ckc d8 choi mieu ti mOt thj truOng 16n khic cfia cac mang cim bien kh8ng day Danh skh cac d6 chat c6 the duqc them hoc cho phip nh6 cac man cam bien kh8ng day la 1:4 gitti Iran chi boi sirc tubing tuqng cua con ngu6i, vat phi= vi ter citc xe hat vk tau thuyin duqc dieu khien bang v8 tuyin th8ng thutmg den cac tr6 chai tren may tinh t#n dung cac bO joystick vi bO dieu khien Meng day MOt plum vi hip din do biet la cic inky tinh ci nhan — cac fro chai rang cao, ten chmg silt mph tinh tan cita mOt may tinh 6 gin de ding cao chit luqng ngay tai bin than tr6 choi Vi du, nh#n dung vi