Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2012 Edition Covering 11.10 and 12.04 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2012 Edition: Covering Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33578-5 ISBN-10: 0-672-33578-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Helmke, Matthew Ubuntu unleashed / Matthew Helmke — 2012 ed p cm “Covering 11.10 and 12.04.” ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33578-5 (pbk : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-672-33578-6 (pbk : alk paper) Ubuntu (Electronic resource) Linux Operating systems (Computers) I Title QA76.76.O63U36 2012 005.4’32—dc23 2011041953 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: January 2012 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Pearson Education, Inc cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Editor-in Chief Mark Taub Executive Editor Debra Williams Cauley Senior Development Editor Chris Zahn Managing Editor Kristy Hart Project Editor Andrew Beaster Copy Editor Keith Cline Indexer Christine Karpeles Proofreader Water Crest Publishing Technical Editors Kris Healy Dustin Kirkland John Wregglesworth Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an “as is” basis The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the CD or programs accompanying it Bulk Sales Pearson offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact: U.S Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact: International Sales +1-317-581-3793 international@pearsontechgroup.com Publishing Coordinator Kim Boedigheimer Multimedia Developer Dan Scherf Interior Designer Gary Adair Cover Designer Gary Adair Compositor Nonie Ratcliff Contents at a Glance About the Authors xxvii Dedication/Acknowledgements xxviii Introduction Part I Installation and Configuration Installing Ubuntu Post-Installation Configuration Part II 19 Desktop Ubuntu Working with Unity 35 On the Internet 53 Productivity Applications 67 Multimedia Applications 77 Other Ubuntu Desktops 101 Games 109 Part III System Administration Managing Software 119 10 Command-Line Quickstart 133 11 Command-Line Master Class 165 12 Managing Users 13 Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting 231 14 The Boot Process 15 System-Monitoring Tools 285 16 Backing Up 17 Networking 329 18 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet 373 19 Securing Your Machines 20 Performance Tuning 21 Kernel and Module Management 411 203 275 301 383 399 iv Ubuntu Unleashed Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 22 File and Print 433 23 Apache Web Server Management 455 24 Other HTTP Servers 25 Remote File Serving with FTP 491 26 Handling Email 501 27 Proxying and Reverse Proxying 521 28 Administering Relational Database Services 531 29 NoSQL Databases 557 30 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 567 31 Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) 32 Virtualization on Ubuntu 33 Ubuntu in the Cloud 593 Part V 485 575 583 Programming Linux 34 Opportunistic Development 623 35 Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA 643 36 Using Perl 649 37 Using PHP 671 38 Using Python 39 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu 725 40 Using Mono 737 41 Using Other Popular Programming Languages 749 42 Beginning Mobile Development for Android 759 Part VI 705 Appendices 767 A Ubuntu Under the Hood B Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources 777 Index 787 v Contents Table of Contents Part I Installation and Configuration Installing Ubuntu Before You Begin the Installation Researching Your Hardware Specifications Installation Options Planning Partition Strategies 10 The Boot Loader 10 Installing from CD or DVD or USB Drive 11 Step-by-Step Installation 11 Installing 12 First Update 16 Wubi: The Easy Installer for Windows 16 Shutting Down 17 References 18 Part II Post-Installation Configuration 19 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems The sudo Command Finding Programs and Files Software Update Configuring Software Repositories System Settings Installing Additional Drivers Detecting and Configuring a Printer Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu Setting the Date and Time Configuring Wireless Networks References 19 21 21 22 25 28 28 30 30 31 33 34 Desktop Ubuntu Working with Unity 35 Foundations and the X Server 35 Basic X Concepts 36 Using X 37 vi Ubuntu Unleashed Elements of the xorg.conf File Starting X Using a Display Manager Changing Window Managers Using Unity, a Primer The Desktop Customizing and Configuring Unity Power Shortcuts References 38 43 43 44 44 45 50 50 51 On the Internet 53 Getting Started with Firefox Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium Choosing an Email Client Evolution Mozilla Thunderbird Other Mail Clients RSS Readers Firefox Liferea Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing with Empathy Internet Relay Chat Usenet Newsgroups Ubuntu One Cloud Storage References 54 55 56 57 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 64 66 66 Productivity Applications 67 Introducing LibreOffice Other Office Suites for Ubuntu Working with GNOME Office Working with KOffice Other Useful Productivity Software Working with PDF Working with XML and DocBook Working with LaTeX Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows References 69 71 71 72 73 73 74 75 76 76 Multimedia Applications 77 Sound and Music 77 Sound Cards 78 Adjusting Volume 79 Contents vii Sound Formats 79 Listening to Music 81 Buying Music in the Ubuntu One Music Store 83 Graphics Manipulation 85 The GNU Image Manipulation Program 85 Using Scanners in Ubuntu 87 Working with Graphics Formats 87 Capturing Screen Images 89 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu 90 Handheld Digital Cameras 90 Using Shotwell Photo Manager 90 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu 90 Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero 91 Creating CDs from the Command Line 92 Creating DVDs from the Command Line 94 Viewing Video 96 TV and Video Hardware 96 Video Formats 97 Viewing Video in Linux 98 Personal Video Recorders 99 Video Editing 99 References 100 Other Ubuntu Desktops 101 Desktop Environment KDE and Kubuntu Xfce and Xubuntu LXDE and Lubuntu GNOME References 101 102 104 105 106 107 Games 109 Ubuntu Gaming Emulators Installing Proprietary Video Drivers Installing Games in Ubuntu Warsow Scorched 3D Frozen Bubble SuperTux Battle for Wesnoth Frets on Fire 109 109 110 112 112 112 113 114 114 116 viii Ubuntu Unleashed Games for Kids Commercial Games Playing Windows Games References Part III 10 116 116 117 117 System Administration Managing Software 119 Ubuntu Software Center Using Synaptic for Software Management Staying Up-to-Date Working on the Command Line Day-to-Day Usage Finding Software Compiling Software from Source Compiling from a Tarball Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories Server/Configuration Management Puppet Chef Juju Landscape dotdee References 119 120 122 123 124 127 128 128 129 130 131 131 131 131 131 132 Command-Line Quickstart 133 What Is the Command Line? Accessing the Command Line Text-Based Console Login Logging Out Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer User Accounts Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin Configuration Files in /etc User Directories: /home Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory 134 135 136 137 137 138 140 141 141 142 142 144 144 144 Contents 11 ix Navigating the Linux File System Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls Changing Directories with cd Finding Your Current Directory with pwd Working with Permissions Assigning Permissions Directory Permissions Altering File Permissions with chmod File Permissions with chgrp Changing File Permissions with chown Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions Working with Files Creating a File with touch Creating a Directory with mkdir Deleting a Directory with rmdir Deleting a File or Directory with rm Moving or Renaming a File with mv Copying a File with cp Displaying the Contents of a File with cat Displaying the Contents of a File with less Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions Working as Root Creating Users Deleting Users Shutting Down the System Rebooting the System Reading Documentation Using apropros Using Man Pages References 145 145 147 147 148 148 150 150 152 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 156 157 157 157 158 158 159 160 161 162 162 162 163 164 Command-Line Master Class 165 Why Use the Command Line? Using Basic Commands Printing the Contents of a File with cat Changing Directories with cd Changing File Access Permissions with chmod Copying Files with cp Printing Disk Usage with du Finding Files by Searching with find Searches for a String in Input with grep Paging Through Output with less 166 167 168 169 171 171 172 173 175 176 runtime server configuration settings Q 813 Telnet setting up, 373-374 Qmail, 503 SSH compared, 375 QT file format, 98 (VNC) virtual network computing, 379-380 query cache (MySQL), 408-409 removable storage media, 308 query optimization (MySQL), 410 removing software, 121, 126-127 quick guide to Apache web server, 460 renaming files, 156 Quickly, 631-634 repeat statement, 268 repeatedly running tasks, 234-236 resource usage, printing, 186-187 R restarting your computer, 18 RAID arrays, 307 retrieving data from, 538-540 RAW file format, 79 RFC (Request for Comments), 65 RDBMS (relational database management), 533 Rhythmbox, 81-83 restoring files from an archive with tar tool, 312 ripping CDs, 81-83 how it works, 533-535 rm command, 155-156, 168, 184-185 tables rmdir command, 154-155 creating, 536-537 rmmod command, 417 data, inserting, 537-538 /root directory, 140 rebooting system, 162 root user, setting password for, 544 recompiling kernel, 418-419 rootsign tool, 641 Redis, 561 route command, 349-350 redo statement, 660-661 routers, 343 references (PHP), 676-677 rsh shell, 237 regular expressions (Perl), 661-662 rsync, 322-323 regular user permissions, 205 Ruby, 756 reinstalling software, 121 runlevels, 44, 278 remote access booting into default, 279 command line, 137-138 changing, 281 SSH definitions, 278-279 copying files between machines, 376 copying many files between machines, 377 key-based logins, 377-379 setting up, 375 tools, 375-379 troubleshooting, 282-283 running new shell program, 243-244 running services at boot, 276 run-one tool, 640 run-this-one tool, 640 runtime server configuration settings (Apache web server), 463-469 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com Samba 814 physical, 388 S promiscuous mode, 389 Samba, 437-438 Tripwire, 388-389 configuring, 444-448 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 390-393 global behavior, setting, 440 viruses, 389-390 home directories, sharing, 440-441 vulnerability, assessing your, 385-386 installation, 437-438 wireless networks, 387 manually configuring, 438-441 select statement, 269 mounting Samba shares, 443-444 sending email, 664-665 printers, sharing, 441 Sendmail, 502-503 testing, 442 Server install CD, Samba Web Administration Tool (SWAT), 444-448 /sbin directory, 140-141 Scala, 756-757 scalar variables (Perl), 653 scanners, 87 scheduling tasks, 231-236 Schwartz, Randal, 668 Scorched 3D, 113 scp command, 376 screen command, 200 screen grab, 89 screenshot, 89 security AppArmor, 392-395 computer attacks, 384-385 server platform, Linux as, 769 servers FTP choosing, 491-493 setting up, 495 http Apache Tomcat, 490 Cherokee, 488-489 Jetty, 489 lighttpd, 487 Nginx, 485-487 thttpd, 489-490 Yaws, 488 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 568-572 NFS (Network File System), 434-436 devices, 389 service set identifier (SSID), 33 disaster recovery plan, 395-396 session writing, 94-95 employees, 388 setting/unsetting variables in PHP, 696 firewalls, 390-393 sftp command, 377 kernel, built-in protective services in, 383 sgid (set group ID) permissions, 152-153 passwords, 15, 387 sh shell, 237 command line, 136 shadow passwords, 218-220, 494-495 management, 217-220 shared data, 144 for new users, 160 shebang line, 245 shadow password system, 494-495 software shell scripts, 242-243 automating tasks, using simple script for, 249-251 / (backslash), 254 ksh, 237 output redirection, 240-241 pattern-matching support, 239-240 pdksh, 237 ` (backtick), 255 piping data, 241 break statement, 273 rsh, 237 built-in variables, 251 sh, 237 case statement, 271-273 tcsh, 237 ” (double quotes), 253 zsh, 237 endless loops, 267 shift statement, 269 exit statement, 273 Shotwell Photo Manager, 85, 90 for statement, 264-266 shutdown command, 18, 161, 162 functions, 273-274 shutting down system, 161 if statement, 270-271 Shuttleworth, Mark, 45, 771 positional parameters, 247-249 simple program (Perl), 650-652 repeat statement, 268 Simple Scan, 87 running new shell program, 243-244 simple strategy for backups, 306 select statement, 269 ’ (single quotes), 254 shells, interpreting shell scripts through specific, 245-246 64-bit Ubuntu, 773 shift statement, 269 ’ (single quotes), 254 special characters used in, 252-255 storing for systemwide access, 244 until statement, 268 variables in, 246-247 while statement, 266 shells, 236-237 background processing, 241-242 bash, 237 command line, 237-239 comparison of expressions, 255-264 documentation on, 237 input redirection, 240-241 interpreting shell scripts through specific, 245-246 Skolnick, Cliff, 456 Slashdot Effect, 405 small enterprise backups, 305 small office backups, 305 smart hosts (Postfix), 509 SMB printing, 449-450 smbclient command, 443 smbstatus command, 442-443 software backups, 310 Amanda, 310, 318-319 Back In Time, 315-316 Déjà Dup, 313-316 GNOME File Roller, 312-313 KDE ark, 313 tar tool, 310-312 Unison, 317-318 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com 815 816 software management sources, kernel, 420-421 from command line, 123-128 Spamassassin, 515-516 compiling from source, 128-130 deleting software, 121 special characters used in shell scripts, 252-255 finding software, 127-128 special operators in PHP, 683 reinstalling software, 121 splint command, 730-731 removing software, 121, 126-127 SQL, 536 server/configuration management, 131-132 retrieving data, 538-540 Software Center, 119-120 tables subqueries, 542 Synaptic, 120-122 creating, 536-537 Update Manager, 123 data, inserting, 537-538 updating software, 22-25, 123-126 upgrading software, 121 repositories Squid ACLs (access control lists), 523-527, 528-529 compiling software from, 129-130 client configuration, 522 configuring, 26-28 client IP addresses, 527-528 Software Center, 119-120 installing, 522 Software Sources, 26-28 Squirrelmail, 516 sound and music, 78, 81-84 /srv directory, 140 buying, 84 formats, 79-81 SSH access to a database, 550-551 converting, 81 copying files between machines, 376 FLAC file format, 80 copying many files between machines, 377 MP3 file format, 79-80 key-based logins, 377-379 Ogg-Vorbis file format, 80 setting up, 375 RAW file format, 79 Telnet compared, 375 WAV file format, 79 tools, 375-379 listening to, 81-84 ssh client, 137-138 sound cards, 78-79 ssh command, 168 volume, adjusting, 79-80 ssh-import-id tool, 641 sound cards, 78-79 ssh-keygen command, 377-379 Sound Juicer, 84 SSID (service set identifier), 33 source code for Apache web server, building, 458-460 Stallman, Richard M., 197, 768 Standard Library (Python), 723 system user permissions Stanzione, Dan, 726 StarOffice, 71 sudo command, 21, 139-140, 205, 224-226, 229 starting/stopping suid (set user ID) permissions, 152-153 Apache web server, 461-463 X Window System, 43 step-by-step installation, 11-16 stereotypes, 207 Storage Infrastructure (OpenStack), 604 storage management, 617 strategy for backups choosing, 301-304, 307 evaluating, 305-307 full backup on periodic basis, 306 full backups with incremental backups, 307 mirroring data, 307 super user (root) account, 158-159 command line, 158-162 command line, making changes from, 138-139 creating users, 159-160 deleting users, 160 rebooting system, 162 shutting down system, 161-162 super user/root use permissions, 204-205 SuperTux, 114-115 support for Linux, 770 SVG file format, 88 RAID arrays, 307 SWAT (Samba Web Administration Tool), 444-448 simple, 306 switching (PHP), 683-685 string comparison symbolic links, 178-180 bash shell, 255-257 Synaptic, 120-122 pdksh shell, 255-257 sync command, 402 tcsh shell, 260-261 /sys directory, 140 string searches, 175-176 sysctl command, 404 strings system administrator, 594 Perl, 657 PHP, 688-691 Python, 709-712 privileges to regular users, granting, 220-226 System Monitor, 292-294 StumbleUpon plug-in, 55 system password policy, 217 su command, 222-224, 229 system rescue, 326 subnet masks, 338 GRUB2 boot loader, restoring, 326-327 subnets, 337-338 nonbooting hard drive, saving files from, 327 subqueries, SQL, 542 substitution variables in PHP, 679 Subversion, 624-625 Ubuntu rescue disc, 326 system settings, configuring, 28-32 system user permissions, 206 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com 817 tables (database) 818 Texmaker, 75 T text editors, 194-199 tables (database) emacs, 194, 197-199 creating, 536-537 gedit, 195 data, inserting, 537-538 kate, 195 tail command, 168, 185 kedit, 195 tape drive backups, 309 nano, 194-196 tar command, 199, 319-320 vi, 195-197 tar tool, 310-312 text-based console login, 136-137 full backups, 311 Thompson, Laura, 546 incremental backups, 311-312 thttpd, 489-490 restoring files from an archive with, 312 Thunderbird, 59, 572-573 tarball, compiling software from, 128-129 TIF file format, 88 Taylor, David, 78 Time & Date GUI, 31-32 TCP/IP, 333 time and date addressing, 333-335 ports, 335-337 tcsh shell, 237 Teach Yourself TCP/IP Network Administration in 21 Days (Sams), 338 Telnet setting, 31 with date command, 31 with hwclock command, 32 with Time & Date GUI, 31-32 TiVo, 99 /tmp directory, 140, 144 setting up, 373-374 SSH compared, 375 temporary file storage, 144 10BASE-T, 340 Terminal, 135 terminating script processing (PHP), 696 Test Drive, 645-648 testing Samba, 442 Ubuntu, 643, 775 Bug Squad, 645 community teams, 643-645 Test Drive, 645-648 Ubuntu QA Team, 645 Ubuntu Testing Team, 644 testparm command, 442 Token Ring, 339 top command, 168, 186-187 Torvalds, Linus Benedict, 412, 627, 767 Totem Movie Player, 98 touch command, 148, 153-154 triggers, 543 Tripwire, 388-389 troubleshooting, 19-20 Google used for, 20 Internet connections, 369-370 kernel, 429-430 printer sharing, 453-454 runlevels, 282-283 tune2fs command, 402-403 TV viewing, 96-100 USB thumb drive, installation from U Ubuntu One, 66, 84 Ubuntu Orchestra Project, 620 Ubuntu, 770-771 Ubuntu Project mailing lists, 785 for business use, 771-772 Ubuntu QA Team, 645 commercial support, 780 Ubuntu rescue disc, 326 Debian as base of, 770 Ubuntu Software Center, 116 documentation, 773-775 Ubuntu Testing Team, 644 assisting with, 775 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 390-393 flavors (variants), list of, UID (user ID), 206 for home use, 773 unicast addresses, 338 Internet resources, 777 Unison, 317-318 search engines, 779 Websites, 778-779 Unity, 45 configuring, 50 IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 785-786 customizing, 50 mailing lists, 775, 777, 785 Dash, 46-49 package listings, 779 desktop, 45 repositories, Apache web server installed from, 457-458 keyboard shortcuts, 51 64-bit, 773 testing, 643, 775 Bug Squad, 645 community teams, 643-645 Test Drive, 645-648 Ubuntu QA Team, 645 Ubuntu Testing Team, 644 versions, 771 web forums, 781 Ubuntu Cloud, 593 deploying, 596-597 private deployment, 596-601 public deployment, 596-598 Ecua2ools, 597, 601-603 and Eucalyptus, 595-603 Juju, managing and monitoring with, 619 Landscape, managing and monitoring with, 619 and OpenStack, 603-619 Orchestra, deployment with, 620 Launcher, 45-46 panel, 48-49 system settings, 50 Workspaces, 46 Universal USB Installer, unless statement, 658 UnQL (Unstructured Query Language), 559 unshielded twisted pair (UTP), 341-342 until loop, 660-661 until statement, 268 Update Manager checking for software updates, 22 software management, 123 updating software, 22-25, 123-126 UPG (user private group), 207 upgrading software, 121 Upstart, 283-284 USB drive, installation from, 11 USB printers, 453-454 USB thumb drive, installation from, How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com 819 820 Usenet newsgroups Usenet newsgroups, 64-66, 667, 783-784 file permissions, 206-207 user management GID (group ID), 206 adding new users, 212-216 regular users, 205 commands for, 228-229 super user/root user, 204-205 disk quotas, 227 system users, 206 UID (user ID), 206 implementing, 227-228 FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 494-496 manually configuring quotas, 228 managing password security for, 220 group management, 207 PostgreSQL group listing, 207-208 creating, 548 tools for, 208-210 deleting, 548-549 UPG (user private group), 207 monitoring user activity, 216 /usr directory, 37-38, 140, 144 password management UTP (unshielded twisted pair), 341-342 changing passwords in a batch, 220 password file, 217-218 shadow passwords, 218-220 system password policy, 217 users, managing password security for, 220 stereotypes, 207 V Vala, 757 /var directory, 140, 144-145 var_dump function, 697 system administrator privileges to regular users, granting, 220-226 variable data files, 144-145 tools for, 210-212 variables user accounts, 203-204 accessing variable values, 247 file permissions, 206-207 assigning value to, 246-247 GID (group ID), 206 C#, 744 regular users, 205 Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language), 653-654 super user/root user, 204-205 system users, 206 UID (user ID), 206 user variables, 246 useradd command, 210-211, 229 userdel command, 211 usermod command, 212, 229 users See also user management accounts, 203-204 command line, 138-140 Fetchmail, 513-514 PHP, 673-674 setting/unsetting, 696 substitution, 679 in shell scripts, 246-247 version control for configuration files, 323-326 version control systems, 624-628 Bazaar, 625-626 Git, 627-628 Mercurial, 626-627 Subversion, 624-625 wireless network interfaces versions (VNC) virtual network computing, 379-380 kernel, 419-420 vncviewer, 298 Perl (Practical Extraction and Report Language), 650 vsftpd server, 492 Python, 705-706 vulnerability, assessing your, 385-386 configuring, 496-499 Ubuntu, 771 vi, 195, 196-197 video editing, 99-100 formats, 97-98 AVI file format, 97 FLV file format, 97 MOV file format, 97 MPEG file format, 97 OGV/OGG file format, 97 QT file format, 98 WEBM file format, 98 hardware, 96-97 personal video recorders, 99 viewing, 98-99 vim command, 168 virtual hosting, 480 address-based virtual hosts, 480 Apache web server, 480-482 name-based virtual hosts, 481-482 VirtualBox, 589-590 virtualization, 583-585 W Warsow, 112 WAV file format, 79 Web access to a database, 552-553 web forums for Ubuntu, 781 web servers See also Apache web server Apache Tomcat, 490 Cherokee, 488-489 Jetty, 489 lighttpd, 487 Nginx, 485-487 thttpd, 489-490 Yaws, 488 WEBM file format, 98 Welling, Luke, 546 whereis command, 163 which command, 168, 187 while loop, 660-661, 685-686 while statement, 266 KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), 585-589 wide column stores, 563-565 VirtualBox, 589-590 wildcards, 158 VMware, 591 window managers, 36 Xen, 591 virus scanners, 390, 516 viruses, 389-390 VLC media player, 99 changing, 44 Windows games based on, 117 installation, 16-17 VM (virtual machine), 584 See also virtualization Wine, 76, 117 VMware, 591 wireless networking wireless network interfaces, 341 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com 821 822 wireless networking advantages of, 363 XML files, productivity applications for, 74-75 options for, 363-364 X.Org foundation, 35-36 support for, 361-362 xorg.conf file, 38-39 wireless networks, 33-34 security, 387 Device section, 42 Files section, 39-40 Workspaces (Unity), 46 InputDevice section, 40-41 Writer (LibreOffice), 68 Module section, 40 Wubi, installation with, 16-17 Monitor section, 41 wu-ftp server, 493 Screen section, 42-43 ServerLayout section, 39 Xubuntu, 105 X X Window System, 35-37, 783 advantages, 36-37 display manager, using, 44 Y–Z Yaws, 488 starting, 43 using, 37-38 /usr directory, 37-38 Xamarin, 738 xargs command, 168 XChat, 62-64 Xen, 591 Xfce, 36, 104-105 Xmarks plug-in, 55 XML Copy Editor, 75 zsh shell, 237 This page intentionally left blank informIT.com THE TRUSTED TECHNOLOGY LEARNING SOURCE InformIT is a brand of Pearson and the online presence for the world’s leading technology publishers It’s your source for reliable and qualified content and knowledge, providing access to the top brands, authors, and contributors from the tech community LearnIT at InformIT Looking for a book, eBook, or training video on a new technology? 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Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2012 Edition Covering 11.10 and 12.04 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2012 Edition: Covering Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 Copyright © 2012. .. of the Ubuntu community He served from 2006 to 2011 on the Ubuntu Forum Council, providing leadership and oversight of the Ubuntu Forums (www.ubuntuforums.org), and spent two years on the Ubuntu. .. Helmke, Matthew Ubuntu unleashed / Matthew Helmke — 2012 ed p cm “Covering 11.10 and 12.04.” ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33578-5 (pbk : alk paper) ISBN-10: 0-672-33578-6 (pbk : alk paper) Ubuntu (Electronic