Tài liệu Ubuntu Unleashed pptx

Ubuntu UNLEASHED 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Andrew Hudson Paul Hudson 2008 Edition Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Copyright © 2009 by Sams Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32993-7 ISBN-10: 0-672-32993-X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Hudson, Andrew, 1978- Ubuntu unleashed 2008 edition : covering 8.04 and 8.10 / Andrew Hudson, Paul Hudson. -- 4th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-672-32993-7 (pbk. w/dvd) 1. Ubuntu (Electronic resource) 2. Linux. 3. Operating systems (Computers) I. Hudson, Paul, 1979- II. Title. QA76.76.O63H81666 2008 005.4'32--dc22 2008021150 Printed in the United States of America First Printing July 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possi- ble, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the CD or programs accompanying it. Bulk Sales Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact: International Sales international@pearson.com Acquisitions Editor Mark Taber Development Editor Michael Thurston Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse Senior Project Editor San Dee Phillips Copy Editor Paula Lowell Indexer Tim Wright Proofreader Leslie Joseph Technical Editor Dallas Releford Publishing Coordinator Vanessa Evans Multimedia Developer Dan Scherf Cover and Interior Designer Gary Adair Composition Mark Shirar Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu 11 2 Post-Installation Configuration 25 3 Working with Gnome .51 4 Command Line Quickstart .79 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 5 On the Internet .113 6 Productivity Applications .133 7 Multimedia Applications 153 8 Printing with Ubuntu .185 9 Games 197 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users .209 11 Automating Tasks 233 12 System-Monitoring Tools 289 13 Backing Up 301 14 Networking 325 15 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet .371 Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 16 File and Print .381 17 Apache Web Server Management .407 18 Remote File Serving with FTP .439 19 Handling Electronic Mail 471 20 Proxying and Reverse Proxying 489 21 Administering Database Services 499 22 LDAP 525 Part V Programming Linux 23 Using Perl 537 24 Working with Python .561 25 Writing PHP Scripts .579 26 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu 613 27 Mono .625 Part VI Ubuntu Housekeeping 28 Securing Your Machines .639 29 Performance Tuning 651 30 Command Line Masterclass 663 31 Managing Software .689 32 Kernel and Module Management .701 Part VII Appendixes A Ubuntu Under the Hood 727 B Installation Resources .737 C Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources .759 Index ??? Table of Contents Introduction 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu 11 Before You Begin the Installation .11 Researching Your Hardware Specifications .12 Installation Options .12 Planning Partition Strategies .12 The Boot Loader 13 Installing from CD or DVD .13 Step-by-Step Installation .13 Starting the Install .14 First Update 20 Wubi—The Easy Installer for Windows 22 Shutting Down 24 Reference .24 2 Post-Installation Configuration 25 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems 26 The sudo command 27 First Update .28 Configuring Software Repositories .30 Installing Graphics Drivers .33 Changing Ubuntu’s Look and Feel .34 Changing the Desktop Background 34 Changing Colors 35 Modifying System Fonts 36 Changing How Menus Look .36 Visual Effects 37 Preferred Behaviors .37 Preferred Applications .37 Removable Drives and Media 39 Input Devices 39 Keyboard Shortcuts 40 Keyboard Layout 40 Mouse .41 Detecting and Configuring a Modem 42 Configuring a Serial-Port Modem .42 Configuring WinModems for Laptops 42 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu .43 Setting the Date and Time 44 Using the date Command .45 Using the hwclock Command 45 Changing the Time and Date 46 Configuring and Using CD, DVD, and CD-RW Drives 46 Checking Drive Assignment 47 Configuring Wireless Networks 48 Reference .49 3 Working with Gnome 51 The Gnome Desktop Environment 52 Gnome: The GNU Network Object Model Environment .52 Eye Candy for the Masses .54 Basic X Concepts .55 Using X 56 Elements of the xorg.conf File 57 Configuring X 62 Starting X 64 Using a Display Manager .65 Changing Window Managers 73 KDE—The Other Environment .77 XFce .78 Reference .78 4 Command Line Quickstart 79 What Is the Command Line? .79 Navigating Through the File System .83 Managing Files with the Shell .85 Working with Compressed Files 86 Use Essential Commands from the /bin and /sbin Directories 87 Use and Edit Files in the /etc Directory 87 Protect the Contents of User Directories—/home 87 Use the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel 87 Work with Shared Data in the /usr Directory .89 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory 89 Access Variable Data Files in the /var Directory .89 Logging In to and Working with Linux .90 Text-based Console Login 90 Logging Out .90 Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition vi Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer 91 Using Environment Variables 92 Using the Text Editors 95 Working with vi .96 Working with emacs 97 Working with Permissions 99 Assigning Permissions .100 Directory Permissions 101 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions 103 Working as Root 104 Creating Users 105 Deleting Users 106 Shutting Down the System .106 Rebooting the System 107 Reading Documentation .108 Using Man Pages 108 Reference .110 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 5 On the Internet 113 Getting Started with Firefox .114 Choosing an Email Client 115 Evolution .116 Mozilla Thunderbird 118 KMail 120 Other Mail Clients .120 RSS Readers 120 Firefox 122 Liferea .122 Instant Messaging with Pidgin .123 Internet Relay Chat .124 Usenet Network Newsgroups 127 The Pan News Client Newsreader .128 Videoconferencing with Ekiga 130 Reference .132 6 Productivity Applications 133 Introducing OpenOffice.org .134 Configuring OpenOffice.org .136 Working with OpenOffice.org Writer .137 Working with OpenOffice.org Calc .140 Contents vii Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition viii Office Suites for Ubuntu .144 Working with Gnome Office .146 Working with KOffice 149 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows .150 Reference .152 7 Multimedia Applications 153 Sound and Music 153 Sound Cards .154 Adjusting Volume 155 Sound Formats .156 Listening to Music .157 Graphics Manipulation .163 The GNU Image Manipulation Program .163 Using Scanners in Ubuntu 164 Working with Graphics Formats .166 Capturing Screen Images .168 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu 168 Handheld Digital Cameras 168 Using F-Spot .169 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu 170 Creating CDs and DVDs with Ubuntu’s Graphical Clients 172 Creating CDs from the Command Line .174 Creating DVDs from the Command Line .176 Viewing Video .178 TV and Video Hardware 178 Video Formats 180 Viewing Video in Linux .181 Personal Video Recorders 181 DVD and Video Players .182 Reference .182 8 Printing with Ubuntu 185 Overview of Ubuntu Printing .185 Configuring and Managing Print Services .187 GUI-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart 187 Managing Printing Services .188 Creating and Configuring Local Printers .189 Creating the Print Queue 190 Editing Printer Settings 192 Reference .195 Contents ix 9 Games 197 Linux Gaming .197 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers 198 Installing Games in Ubuntu .199 DOOM 3 200 Unreal Tournament 2004 201 Quake 4 202 Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory .203 Battle for Wesnoth .204 Playing Windows Games with Cedega .204 Reference .205 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users 209 User Accounts .209 The Super User/Root User .210 User IDs and Group IDs 212 File Permissions .212 Managing Groups .213 Group Management Tools .214 Managing Users .216 User Management Tools 216 Adding New Users .218 Monitoring User Activity on the System 219 Managing Passwords .220 System Password Policy .220 The Password File 220 Shadow Passwords .221 Managing Password Security for Users 223 Changing Passwords in a Batch 224 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users 224 Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command 225 Granting Root Privileges on Occasion—The sudo Command .227 Disk Quotas .229 Implementing Quotas .230 Manually Configuring Quotas 230 Reference .232 [...]... Part VII A Appendixes Ubuntu Under the Hood 727 What Is Linux? 727 Why Use Linux? 729 What Is Ubuntu? .730 Roots of Ubuntu 730 Contents xxiii Ubuntu for Business 731 Ubuntu in Your Home 732 64-Bit Ubuntu .733 Ubuntu on the PPC Platform .733 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation .733 Ubuntu Developers and... for Ubuntu Part II, “Desktop Ubuntu, ” is aimed at users who want to get productive with Ubuntu and covers the following: Discovering the many productivity applications that come with Ubuntu Surfing the Internet and working with email and newsgroups Using Ubuntu to listen to music and watch video Using Ubuntu to download and manipulate images from digital cameras Setting up local printers for Ubuntu. .. page intentionally left blank Introduction W elcome to Ubuntu Unleashed, 2008 Edition! This book covers the free Linux distribution named Ubuntu and includes a fully functional and complete operating system produced by the Ubuntu Community, sponsored by Canonical Software This book covers Ubuntu version 8.04 LTS, commonly known as the Hardy Heron Ubuntu directly descends from one of the oldest and most... you to benefit from the additions and refinements made You can put Ubuntu to work today and be assured of a great user experience This book provides all the information that you need to get up and running with Ubuntu It even tells you how to keep Ubuntu running in top shape and how to adapt Ubuntu to changes in your own needs You can use Ubuntu at home, in the workplace, or, with permission, at your school... Files 602 Miscellaneous 604 xx Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Handling HTML Forms .607 Databases 608 Introduction to PEAR::DB 608 Reference .610 26 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu 613 Programming in C with Linux 613 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu 614 Building Programs with make ... in even more depth some of the topics covered in this book as well as providing historical context to Ubuntu and installation resources Conventions Used in This Book A lot of documentation is included with every Linux distribution, and Ubuntu is certainly no exception Although the intent of Ubuntu Unleashed is to be as complete as possible, it is impossible to cover every option of every command included... or concepts are also italicized upon first introduction in text Finally, you should know that all text, sample code, and screenshots in Ubuntu Unleashed were developed using Ubuntu and open-source tools Read on to start learning about and using the latest version of Ubuntu Experienced users will want to consider the new information in this edition when planning or considering upgrades There are many... 316 Copying Files .316 Copying Files Using tar .317 Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams 317 xii Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Copying Files Using cp 318 Copying Files Using mc 318 System Rescue .319 The Ubuntu Rescue Disc 320 Backing Up and Restoring the Master Boot Record 320 Booting the System from a Generic Boot Floppy ... distributions currently available Ubuntu benefits directly from many contributions from free software developers across the world If you are new to Linux, you have made a great decision by choosing this book Sams Publishing’s Unleashed books offer an in-depth look at their subject, taking in both beginner and advanced users and moving them to a new level of knowledge and expertise Ubuntu is a fast-changing... 391 Configuring Samba Using SWAT .392 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu 397 Creating Network Printers 397 Enabling Network Printing on a LAN .397 Session Message Block Printing 398 Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI .399 Creating a CUPS Printer Entry 400 xiv Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Avoiding Printer Support Problems 403 All-in-One . Ubuntu UNLEASHED 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Andrew Hudson Paul Hudson 2008 Edition Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition. Calc .140 Contents vii Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition viii Office Suites for Ubuntu .144