Eg: Mary said to me: “ I saw them at the school gate.” Mary told me that she had seen them at the school gate.. Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech , using the verbs given in brack
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Ph năI:ăV NăPH MăTI NGăANHă12
Ch ngă1:ăTENSES 1.TheăSimpleăPresentăTenseă(ăThìăhi năt iăđ n)
Form:
(V): I/ We/ You/ They + V (bare infinitive)
He/ She/ It/ Mary + Vs/ es (not, V): I/ We/ You/ They + don‟t +V
He/ She/ It/ Mary + doesn‟t +V
(V)? Do + I/ We/ You/ They + V……?
Does + he/ she/ it/ Mary +V……?
Usage:
- Thì hi n t i đ n đ c di n t m t chân lý, m t s th t hi n nhiên
Ex: The sun rises in the East
They live in England
I am a student
- Thì hi n t i đ n di n t m t thói quen, m t hành đ ng x y ra th ng xuyên hi n t i
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
I get up early in the morning
- Thì hi n t i đ n còn đ c dùng đ di n t m t hành đ ng, s vi c t ng lai s x y ra theo th i gian
bi u ho c ch ng trình, k h ach đư đ nh theo th i gian bi u
Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning
I‟ve got the tour details here We spend three days in Rome
Các tr ng t th ng đ c dùng chung v i thì hi n t i đ n
+ often, usually, frequently: th ng
+ always, constantly : luôn luôn
+ sometimes, occasionally : th nh th ang
+ seldom, rarely : ít khi, hi m khi
+ every day/ week/ month : m i ngày/ tu n/ tháng
V trí c a các tr ng t ch t n su t:
- Luôn đúng tr c đ ng t th ng
Ex: My mother often goes shooping
- Th ng đ ng sau đ ng t be và các tr đ ng t
Ex: I am always at home on Sunday
2.ăTheăPresentăContinuousăTenseă(Thìăhi năt iăti pădi n)
Form:
I +am
He/ She/ It/ +is +V-ing
We/ You/ They +are
Usage:
Thì hi n t i ti p di n di n tư m t hành đ ng hay m t s vi c đang di n ra ngay lúc nói Cách dùng này
th ng đi kèm v i các tr ng t ho c tr ng ng ch th i gian now, right now, at the moment, at
present…
Ex: The children are playing football now
What are you doing at the moment ?
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room
- Thì hi n t i ti p di n di n t m t hành đ ng ho c s vi c nói chung đang di n ra nh ng không nh t
thi t ph i th c s di n ra ngay lúc nói Cách dùng này th ng đi kèm v i now, at the moment, today,
this week, this term, this year…
Ex: I‟m quite busy these days I‟m doing a course at college
The company I work for isn‟t doing so well this year
Trang 2GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
- Thì hi n t i ti p di n di n t m t hành đ ng s p x y ra ( t ng lai g n) Cách dùng này th ng di n
t m t s s p x p ho c m t k h ach đư đ nh
Ex: He is coming next week
My parents are planting trees tomorrow
Note: không dùng thì hi n t i ti p di n v i các đ ng t ch nh n th c, tri giác nh : be, see, hear,
understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember,
forget… V i các đ ng t này thì dùng thì hi n t i đ n thay th
Ex: I am tired now
She wants to go for a walk at the moment
Do you understand the lesson?- Yes, I understand it now
3.ăTheăPresentăPerfectătense(ăThìăhi năt iăhòanăthƠnh)
Ex: I have just seen my sister in the park
She has finished her homework recently
- Thì hi n t i hòan thành di n t m t hành đ ng đ c l p đi l p l i nhi u l n quá kh và còn có th
đ c l p l i hi n t i ho c t ng lai
Ex: Daisy has read that novel several times
I have seen “Titanic” three times
- Thì hi n t i hòan thành di n t hành đ ng ho c s vi c x y ra trong quá kh khi ng i nói không
bi t rõ ho c không mu n đ c p đ n th i gian chính xác
Ex: I have gone to Hanoi
He has done his housework
- Thì hi n t i hòan thành di n t m t hành đ ng ho c s vi c đư x y ra trong quá kh nh ng k t qu
v n còn trong hi n t i
Ex: He has broken his leg, so he can‟t play tennis
You‟ve broken this watch (It isn‟t working now)
Các tr ng t th ng đi kèm v i thì hi n t i hòan thành
+ just, recently, lately: g n đây, v a m i
+ never : ch a bao gi
+ yet : ch a
+ for : trong (kh ang th i gian)
+ since : t khi (m c th i gian)
+ already : r i
+ so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho đ n bây gi
Note: Các tr ng t này ch đ c dùng kèm v i thì hi n t i hòan thành trong các câu đ n i v i câu có t hai m nh đ tr lên ho c trong m t đ an v n thì đ ng t ph i đ c chia theo ng c nh ch không ph thu c vào các tr ng t
Ex: He has just seen her But: He said that he had just seen her
I have already done my homework But: When I came, they had already shown the film
4 TheăpresentăPerfectăContinuousătense.(Thìăhi năt iăhòanăthƠnhăti pădi n)
-Thì hi n t i hòan thành ti p di n di n t hành đ ng ho c s vi c b c đ u trong quá kh và kéo dài
liên t c đ n hi n t i Cách dùng này th ng đi kèm v i since+m c th i gian, for+kh ang th i gian
Ex: I have been studying French for five years
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They have been living in this city since 1995
How long have you been waiting for her?
-Thì hi n t i hòan thành ti p di n di n t m t hành đ ng v a m i k t thúc và có k t qu hi n t i Ex: You‟ve out of breath Have you been running?
5.ăTheăSimpleăPastăTenseă(Thìăquáăkh ăđ n)
Form:
S + V-ed/2
Usage:
-Thì quá kh đ n di n t hành đư x y ra trong quá kh , ch m d t r i và bi t rõ th i gian
Ex: Tom went to Paris last summer
My mother left this city two years ago
He died in 1980
-Thì quá kh đ n di n t hành đư x y ra su t m t kh ang th i gian trong quá kh , nh ng nay đư hòan tòan ch m d t
Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600pieces of music
She worked as a secretary for five years before her marriage
-Thì quá kh đ n di n t m t thói quen trong quá kh
Ex: My family always came here for our summer holiday when I still a student
-Thì qúa kh đ n di n t m t chu i hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh
Ex: The man got up, put on his coat, and left
-Các tr ng t đi kèm: last week/month/year…, ago, yesterday, in 1980
Note:Khi đ i sang ph đ nh và nghi v n, nh đ a đ ng t v nguyên m u
6.The PastăContinuousăTense.(Thìăquáăkh ăti pădi n)
-Hành đ ng đư x y ra và kéo dài m t th i gian quá kh
Ex: Yesterday, Mr Moore was working in the laboratory all the afternoon
What were you doing from 3p.m to 6p.m yesterday?
-Hành đ ng đang x y ra vào m t th i đi m quá kh
Ex: I was doing my homework at 6p.m last Sunday
They were practising English at that time
-Hành đ ng đang x y ra ( quá kh ) thì có m t hành đ ng khác xen vào (hành đ ng kéo dài h n dùng Past Continuous, hành đ ng ng n h n dùng Simple Past)
Ex: When I came, he was sleeping
What was she doing when you saw her?
-Hai hành đ ng x y ra song song cùng m t lúc trong quá kh
Ex: Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes
Note: KHông dùng thì quá kh ti p di n v i các đ ng t ch nh n th c, tri giác Thay vào đó ta dùng thì quá kh đ n
Ex: When the students heard the bell, they left
He felt tired at that time
7.ăTheăPastăPerfectăTense.(Thìăquáăkh ăhòanăthƠnh)
Form:
S + had + P.P (V3)
Usage:
Thì quá kh hòan thành di n t m t hành đ ng quá kh x y ra tr c m t th i gian quá kh ho c tr c
m t hành đ ng quá kh khác ( N u trong câu có hai hành đ ng quá kh , hành đ ng nào x y ra tr c
ta dùng Past Perfect, hành đ ng nào x y ra sau ta dùng Simple Past
Ex: We had lived in Hue before 1975
Trang 4GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
When I got up this morning, my father had already left
After the chidren had finished their homework, they went to bed
8.ăTheăPastăPerfectăContinuousăTense.(Thìăquáăkh ăhòanăthƠnhăti pădi n)
th i gian kéo dài đ c nêu rõ trong câu
Ex: The men had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came
They had been living in London for 10 years when I met them
9.ăTheăsimpleăFutureăTense.(Thìăt ngălaiăđ n)
Form:
You/ He/ She/ I/ They + will + Vo I/ We + will/ shall
-Vo: ng t nguyên m u không to
-will not = won‟t shall not = shan‟t
Usage:
-Thì t ng lai đ n th ng di n t m t hành đ ng s x y ra t ng lai
Ex: He will come back next week
We will/shall need the money on the 15th
-thì t ng lai đ n đ c dùng di n đ t ý ki n, đ a ra m t l i h a ho c m t quy t đ nh t c thì
Ex: I think Liverpool will win
I‟ll phone you tonight
Các tr ng t đi kèm: someday, next week/ month… , tomorrow, soon
10.N earăFutureă(Thìăt ngălaiăg n)
Form:
I + am He/ She/It +is + going to + Vo
We/You/They +are
I + am He/ She/It +is + V-ing
We/You/They +are
Usage:
Be going to và thì hi n t i ti p di n đ c dùng đ di n t m t hành đ ng s p s a x y ra ho c m t d
đ nh s p t i(th ng th ng trong câu không có c m t ch th i gian)
Ex: My father is retiring
Where are you going to spend your holidays?
11.ăTheăFutureăContinuousătense.(ăThìăt ngălaiăti pădi n)
Ex: Andrew can‟t go to the party He ‟ll be working all day tomorrow
-Thì t ng lai ti p di n di n t m t hành đ ng s đang x y ra vào m t th i đi m t ng lai
Ex: He will be doing research at this time tomorrow
When you come today, I ‟ll be working at my desk
Trang 5-Thì t ng lai hòan thành di n t m t hành đ ng s hòan t t tr c m t th i đi m t ng lai Cách
dùng này th ng đ c dùng v i các c m t ch th i gian b t đ u b ng by: by+m c th i gian, by the
time, by then, by that time…
Ex: I‟ll have finished my work by noon
They ‟ll have built that house by July next year
-Thì t ng lai hòan thành di n t m t hành đ ng s hòan t t tr c m t hành đ ng khác trong t ng
lai
Ex: When you come back, I‟ll have written this letter
13.ăTheăFutureăPerfectăContinuousăTense.(Thìăt ngălaiăhòanăthƠnhăti pădi n)
Form:
S + will/ shall + have been + V-ing
Usage:
Thì t ng lai hòan thành ti p di n di n t m t hành đ ng b t đ u t quá kh và kéo dài liên t c đ n
m t th i đi m nào đó trong t ng lai
Ex: By November, we‟ll have been living in this house for 10 years
Note: 1.Không dùng các thì ti p di n (Continuous Tense) v i các đ ng t ch nh n th c, tri giác (see, hear, sound, taste, feel…)
2.Không dùng các thì t ng lai (Futute Tense) trong các m nh đ tr ng ng ch th i gian; thì
t ng lai đ c thay b ng thì hi n t i, thì t ng lai hòan thành đ c thay b ng thì hi n t i hòan thành
ho c hi n t i hòan thành ti p di n
Cách phát âm -s
1 s đ c đ c là /s/ sau các t t n cùng các âm nh : /k/,/t/, /p/,/f/, / /
Ex: work [w :k]works [w :ks]
2 s đ c đ c là /z/ sau các t t n cùng b ng các âm nh : /b/, / /, /g/, /l/, /d/,n/,/m/, /v/, /đ/ và sau các
nguyên âm
Ex: city [sity] cities [sitiz], ring [ri ] rings [ri z]
3 es đ c đ c là /iz/ sau các t t n cùng b ng các âm nh : /s/,/z/, /d /, / /, /ks/,/∫/, /t∫/
Ex: match [mæt∫]matches[mæt∫iz]
Cách phát âm -ed
1./id/ khi nh ng đ ng t t n cùng b ng các âm nh :/t/, ho c /d/
Ex: paint [peint] painted [peintid]
EXERCISE 1:Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense
1.While I ( try) …….to get my car started , a passing car ( stop)…….and the driver ( offer ) ……to
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θ.Before that sport event at the Olympic Games 2004 , no one ( hear)……… of him
7 Someone (eat)…………all the cakes I‟ll have to buy some more
8 My throat is really sore I (sing)……….all evening
9 George (not be )…….back until six Can you take a message?
10 By the time we reach home , the rain ( stop)…………
11 This tooth (kill)………me lately ! So I (make) ………an appointment with the dentist for
Tuesday
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer:
1 They _ for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke
2 No matter what happens next I _ help you
3 I _ come to the conclusion that nowadays nobody cares about anything
4 I assumed you _ paying for the repairs until the end of last year
a have been b was been c are being d had been
5 _ get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a Have you ever b Had you ever c Do you ever d Are you ever
6 She _ working on that manuscript for 2 years now
7 I _ there once a long time ago and _ back since
a went / have not been b go / am not
c have gone / was d was going / had not been
8 She _ trying to pass her driving test but fails every time
9 I _ complete silence now while I try this experiment
10 The students _ by Mrs Monty However, this week they _ by Mr Tanzer
a are usually taught / are being taught
b usually teach / are teaching
c have usually been taught / have been teaching
d were usually teaching / are teaching
11 In the last hundred years, traveling _ much easier and more comfortable
a becomes b has become c became d will become
12 In the 19th century, it _ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon
a took b had taken c had taken d was taking
13 In the past the trip _ very rough and often dangerous, but things _ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years
c had been / will change d has been / changed
14 Now you _ from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
a are flying b would fly c will fly d can fly
15 When Carol _ last night, I my favorite show on television
a was calling / watched b called / have watched
c called / was watching d had called / watched
16 By this time next summer, you _ your studies
a completes b will complete c are completing d will have completed
17 Right now, Jim _ the newspaper and Kathy _ dinner
a reads / has cooked b is reading / is cooking
c has read / was cooking d read / will be cooking
18 Last night at this time, they _ the same thing She _ and he the Newspaper
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b were doing / was cooking / was reading
c was doing / has cooked / is reading
d had done / was cooking /read
19 When I _ home last night, I _ that Jane _ a beautiful candle light dinner
a had arrived / discovered / prepared
b was arriving / had discovered / was preparing
c have arrived / was discovering / had prepared
d arrived / discovered / was preparing
20 The last time I went to the museum was a year ago
a I have not been to the museum for a year
b A year ago, I often went to the museum
c My going to the museum lasted a year
d At last I went to the museum after a year
21 Sam _ to change a light bulb when he _ and _
a was trying / slipped / fell b tried / was slipping / falling
c had been trying / slippe/ was falling d has tried / slips / falls
22 Every day I _ up at 6 o'clock, breakfast at 7 o'clock and _ for work at 8 o'clock
a get / eat / leave b have got / eating / leaving
c got / ate / left d will get / have eaten / left
23 Yesterday, I _ for work late because I _ to set my alarm
a had left / forgot b was leaving / was forgetting
c left / had forgot d had been leaving / would forget
24 By the time we _ to the train station, Susan _ for us for more than two hours
a will get / has been waiting b got / was waiting
c got / had been waiting d get / will wait
25 I _ for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I next year
a am working / will retire b am going to work / am retiring
c work / am going to retire d have been working / retire
26 My mother always the first _ up and the last _ to bed
a getting / going b to get / going c getting / to go d to get / to go
27 I _ you last night after dinner, but you _ there Where _ you?
a was calling / are not / are b called / were not / were
c had called / had not been / were d called / have not been / are
28 The Titanic _ the Atlantic when it _ an iceberg
a was crossing / struck b had crossed / was striking
c crossed / had struck d is crossing / strikes
29 _ to come over for dinner tonight?
30 What _ at this time tomorrow?
c will you have done d will you have been doing
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RELATIVE CLAUSE
M nh đ quan h (relative clause) còn g i là m nh đ tính ng (adjective clause) vì nó là m t m nh đ
ph đ c dùng đ b ngh a cho danh t đ ng tr c nó (ti n ng ) M nh đ quan h đ c n i v i
m nh đ chính b i các đ i t quan h (relative pronoun) WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT ho c các
tr ng t quan h (relative adverbs) WHERE, WHEN, WHY.M nh đ quan h đ ng ngay sau danh t
mà nó b ngh a
I/ Cách dùnh đ i t quan h và tr ng t quan h :
1.WHO: đ i t quan h ch ng i, làm ch ng
Ex: The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike
2.WHOM: đ i t quan h ch ng i, làm tân ng
Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt
Whom làm tân ng có th l t b trong m nh đ quan h
Ex: The boy we are looking for is Tom
3.WHICH: đ i t quan h ch v t, làm ch ng ho c tân ng cho đ ng t đ ng sau nó
Ex: This is the book which I like best
Which làn tân ng có th l t b trong m nh đ quan h
Ex: this is the book I like best
4 THAT: đ i t quan h ch c ng i l n v t That có th đ c dùng thay cho Who, whom, which
Ex: That is the book that/which I like best
My father is the person that/whom I admire most
Các tr ng h p b t bu c dùng THAT
-Khi di sau các ti n t h n h p (g m c ng i l n v t
Ex: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park
-Khi đi sau hình th c so sánh nh t
Ex: she is the nicest woman that I‟ve ever met
-Khi đi sau các đ i t everything/one, something/one, anything/one, nothing/one, all, little, much, none…và đôi khi đi sau It is/ was…
Ex: I have said all that I want to say
Các tr ng h p không đ c dùng THAT:
-Không đ c dùng That trong m nh đ không gi i h n
Ex:The “Romeo and Juliet”, which (that)I borrowed from you, is an interesting book
-Không đ c dùng THAT đ thay th cho WHOSE
Ex: the person whose(that) opinion I respect most is my father
5 WHOSE: đ i t quan h ch s s h u, đ ng sau danh t ch ng i ho c v t và thay th cho tính t
s h u tr c danh t Whose luôn luôn đi kèm v i danh t
Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom
6.WHEN: tr ng t quan h ch th i gian, đ ng sau danh t ch th i gian.When đ c dùng thay cho
at/on/in which, then
Ex: May Day is the day when (on which) people hold a meeting
7 WHERE: tr ng t quan h ch n i ch n, đúng sau danh t ch n i ch n Where đ c dùng thay cho
at/in/on which, there
Ex: Do you know the country where(in which) I was born?
8.WHY: tr ng t quan h ch lý do, đ ng sau the reason why đ c dùng thay cho for which
Ex: Please tell me the reason why (for which) you are so sad
II/ Phân lo i m nh đ quan h
1.Defining relative clauses (m nh đ quan h xác đ nh): đây là l ai m nh đ c n thi t vì ti n ng ch a xác đ nh, không có nó, câu s không đ ngh a
Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr.Green
2.Non-defining relative clauses (m nh đ quan h không xác đ nh): ây là l ai m nh đ không c n thi t vì ti n ng đư đ c xác đ nh, không có nó câu v n đ ngh a
Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr.Pike
M nh đ quan h không xác đ nh đ c ng n v i m nh đ chính b ng các d u ph y Tr c danh
t th ng có: this, that, these, those, my, his…ho c tên riêng
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III/ Gi i t trong m nh đ quan h
-Trong tr ng h p đ ng t c a m nh đ quan h có gi i t , ta đem gi i t đ t ra tr c m nh đ quan
h (tr c whom, which)
Ex: The man to whom Mary is talking is Mr.Pike
The shop from which I got my stereo has lots of bargains
-Ta c ng có th b whom, which và đ t gi i t ra sau đ ng t c a m nh đ quan h xác đ nh
Ex: The man Mary is talking to is Mr.Pike
The shop I got my stereo from has lots of bargains
-Khi dùng that và who, ta không đ a gi i t ra tr c
Ex: The man that/who Mary is talking to is Mr.Pike
Not the man to that/who Mary is talking is Mr.Pike
-Khi gi i t đ ng cu i m nh đ quan h là thành ph n c a c m t (phrasal verbs)thì ta không đem gi i
t ra tr c whom, which
Ex: This is the book which I‟m looking for
That is the child whom you have to look after
IV/ D ng rút g n c a m nh đ quan h
1.M nh đ quan h có th đ c rút g n b ng cách dùng c m phân t (participle phrase):
a present participle phrase: V-ing
b past participle phrase: V-ed/3
-N u đ ng t trong m nh đ quan h th ch đ ng (active), ta dùng c m phân t hi n t i thay cho
m nh đ đó (b đ i t quan h và tr đ ng t , đ a đ ng t chính v nguyên m u r i thêm –ing)
Ex1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
The man sitting next to you is my uncle
Ex2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
-N u đ ng t trong m nh đ quan h th b đ ng (passive), ta dùng c m phân t quá kh thay cho
m nh đ đó (b đ i t quan h và tr đ ng t , b t đ u c m t b ng V-ed/3)
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting
The books written by To Hoai are interesting
2.M nh đ quan h có th đ c rút g n b ng cách dùng đ ng t nguyên m u có to (to-infinitive) ho c
c m đ ng t nguyên m u (for + O + to-inf)
Ex1: English is an important language which we have to master
English is an important language to master
Ex2: I am always the first person who come early and the last one who leave
I always the first person to come early and the last one to leave
rút g n b ng cách dùng đ ng nguyên m u có to khi tr c danh t th ng có nh ng c m t ch th
t , duy nh t (the first, second, third…the last, the only…)ho c ch m c đích, so sánh nh t
3 M nh đ quan h có th đ c rút g n b ng cách dùng c m t (phrase) khi BE là đ ng t chính c a
m nh đ quan h Ta l c b đ i t quan h và đ ng t Be
Ex 1: The books that are on that shelf are mine
The books on that shelf are mine
G Washington, who was the 1st president of the U.S, was a general in the army
G Washington, the 1st
president of the U.S, was a general in the army
V/ Nh ng tr ng h p đ c bi t:
1 Dùng which đ b ngh a cho toàn câu: which d c dùng đ thay th cho This, that ( ch ý c a
toàn câu) Ta đ t d u ph y tr c m nh đ quan h
2 Ch dùng that trong m t s tr ng h p sau:
- Khi danh t mà đ i t quan h b ngh a có first, last, all, any, some, only, very hay so sánh
nh t
- Khi m nh đ chính có: Ităis/ăwasă………
- Khi ti n t bao g m ng iăvƠăv t
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Ex:
+ He is the most courageous man that ever lived
+ All the people that I have met have disliked him
+ Any paper that you read will give you same story
+ It is the teacher that decides what to read
+ He is the only boy that can do well
+ He talked of the men and the books that interested him
PRACTICE TASK 1: Combine the sentences , using relative clauses and insert commas where necessary
1 Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people Mary's children couldn't swim
TASK 2 : Add the correct relative pronoun or adverb to complete the sentence
1 She is one of the few people to ………….I look up
2 The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, ………….chairman is Sir James Bex
3 The Titanic, ……… sank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable
4 One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, ……… is a member of the local council
η Mai was looking for a dog ……….leg had been broken in an accident
θ The earth, ……….is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet from the sun
7 Ha Noi, ……….thousands of tourists come to visit every year, is the capital of Viet Nam
8 I don‟t know the reason ………he was absent yesterday morning
9 People ……… outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people
10 Do you remember the department …………we bought these shirts?
TASK 3: Choose the best answer:
1 Is there anything else _ you want to ask?
2 They have just visited the town _ location was little known
3 He lives in a small town _
a where is called Taunton b which is called Taunton
4 The house _ is more than 100 years old
Trang 11GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
5 _ want to get a good job have to have certain qualifications and experience
a Who b Those which c Those who d Those whom
6 King Henry, _ was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire
a daughter b whom daughter c which daughter d whose daughter
7 The last time when I saw her was three years ago
a I have often seen her for the last three years
b About three years ago, I used to meet her
c I have not seen her for three years
d I saw her three years ago and will never meet her again
8 Before _ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer
9 He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, _ most people are at home
10 Birds make nests in trees _ they can hide their young in the leaves and branches
11 He lent me _ yesterday
a the book I need b the book when I need
12 We have a lot of things that we have to do today
13 The young man who lives next door is very kind to my family
a to live next door b he lives next door
14 Ms Young, to _ many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada
15 I saw a lot of new people at the party, _ seemed familiar
a some of whom b some of who c whom d some of that
16 My friend eventually decided to quit her job, _ upset me a lot
17 He is the man _ car was stolen last week
18 It was the worst winter anyone could remember
19 I would like to know the reason _ he decided to quit the job
20 She always had wanted to go to places _ she could speak her native tongue
21 February is the month many of my colleagues take skiing holidays
22 Anyone _ scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship
23 Florida, the Sunshine state, attracts many tourists every year
24 Is this the address to you want the package sent?
25 They expect that the new book will be bought by people _ interested in English history
26 “Do you have the book the teacher?”
A that it belongs to B to which belongs C to which belongs to D that belongs to
27 “Were you able to locate the person _ wallet you found?”
Trang 12GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
28 The movie last night was terrific
29 I read the book about Picasso, _ Spanish artist
30 I have 17 students, speak English very well
31 Is Dr Brown the person you wish to speak?
32 We went back to look at the house we used to live
33 Dr Bean is a person _ don‟t have much confidence
34 The new shopping mall is advertised as a place _ u can find anything u want to buy in
35 Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, _ she has worked for along time
36 I‟ve always wanted to visit Paris, capital of France
37 The voters were against the candidate proposals called for higher taxes
38 Some fish sold in the supermarket is frozen
39 The government needs to establish more shelters to care for those _ have homes
A who don‟t B who doesn‟t C which don‟t D which doesn‟t
40 The spectators _ the acrobat turn circles the air were horrified when he missed the hands of his partner
41 In the movie, a teenager to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his father
42 She is marrying a man
A that she hardly knows him B she hardly
knows
C whom she hardly knows him
D she hardly knows him
43 The chemistry book was a little expensive
44 She gives her children everything they want
45 What was the name of the girl passport was stolen?
46 The bed _ I slept in was too soft
47 The man to _ she is married has been married twice b4
48 This is an awful film This is the worst I have ever seen
49 The letters _ to the local magazine yesterday were written by me
A which sent B which was sent C to be sent D sent
50 The reception is his first job with a high salary
51 The problem never occurred
A I had expected it B who I had expected C that I had expected it D I had expected
52 The severe drought occurred last summer ruined the corn crop
53 People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those _
A who don‟t who doesn‟t C that doesn‟t D which don‟t
Trang 1356 My friend, _aunt is a nurse, would like to be a doctor someday
57 The dog, _ tail I stepped on, bit me
58 My father gave me the doll _ I „d been hoping
59 He sees boys, girls, cats and dogs _ move around in the garden
60 The Titanic, in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable
A sank B that sank C which was sinking D which sank
61 Ann enjoys taking a walk at night, _ the street are quiet
62 He was the first man from the burning house
63 I cannot tell you all I saw yesterday
64 He has just gone to his friend‟s house, _ there is a party today
65 He is the only friend I like
66 He talked about the books and the authors _ impressed him
67 The knife we cut bread is very sharp
68 Cathy is trustworthy She‟s a person upon u can always depend
69 The man I introduced you to the previous week may be the next president of the university
70 Your career should focus on a field _ you are genuinely interested
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Ch ngă3:ăCONDITIONAL SENTENCES and WISHES
I.M nh đ đi u ki n là m nh đ ph ch đi u ki n, đ c n i v i m nh đ chính b i liên t IF nên còn
đ c g i là m nh đ if (if-clause) Câu có m nh đ đi u ki n (Conditional sentence)
Có 3 l ai câu đi u ki n đ c phân theo b ng công th c sau
I Real in the present
or future ( có th t
hi n t i ho c t ng
lai)
will can shall + Vo may
Simple present
(ch m t s th t, m t quy
lu t ho c m t thói quen)
Simple Present (V1)
II/ Unreal in the
present (không có
th t hi n t i)
could would should + Vo might
Past perfect (had + Ved/3)
IV/ Mixed type
( đi u ki n quá kh ,
k t qu hi n t i )
could would should + Vo might
Past perfect (had + Ved/3)
Ex: If I have time, I‟ll help you
If I heat ice, it turns/will turn to water
If I were you, I would come there
He would have passed his exam if he had studied hard
If he had done as my advice, he wouldn‟t be in difficulty now
M nh đ đi u ki n có th đ ng tr c ho c sau m nh đ chính
i v i đi u ki n l ai 2 & 3, ta có th đ o ng b ng cách đ o ng
Ifă+ăSă+ăwere………,ămainăclauseăă Wereă+ăS………,ămainăclause
Ifă+ăSă+ăhadă+ăVed/3……,ămainăclauseăHadă+ăSă+ăVed/3…,ămainăclause
II.Trong m nh đ đi u ki n, ta có th thay liên t IF b ng UNLESS (n u… không, tr phi) Unless
t ngăđ ngăv iăIf…not
IF-CLAUSE UNLESS
Th ph đ nh kh ng đ nh (m nh đ chính không thay đ i)
Th kh ng đ nh kh ng đ nh (đ i đ ng t trong m nh đ chính
sang th ph đ nh)
Ex: If you don‟t study hard, you‟ll fail in the exam
Unless you study hard, you‟ll fail in the exam
If she doesn‟t water these trees, they will die
Unless she waters these trees, they will die
3 Provide (that), On condition(that), As long as (mi n là, v i đi u ki n là), Suppose, Supposing (gi
s nh ), In case (trong tr ng h p Even if (ngay c khi, dù cho)… có th dùng thay cho IF trong câu
đi u ki n
Ex: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise
Trang 15Eg: I can‟t swim I wish I could swim
My mother isn‟t here I wish my mother were here
3.Past wish:
S + wish (es) + S + V(had_Ved/3)
(could + have _ Ved/3)
Eg: I wish I had met him yesterday
He wishes he could have been there last Sunday
PRACTICE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TASK 1:Rewrite the sentences , beginning with the words in brackets
1 I‟ll call the police if you don‟t leave me alone! ( Unless)
TASK 2 Supply the correct tenses of verbs given in these sentences
1 We don‟t go out unless it ( STOP )……….raining
2 We ( CALL )………….the police now if he didn‟t give me back the bike
3 You would not be able to do this test well if your English ( BE ) ………….not good
4 If we ( not HAVE ) ……….enough rain last year , we ( not GROW ) …………rice well
η The men could not have caught those fish unless they ( HAVE ) ………….good nets
θ He ( not LEARN )………much if he did not work harder
7 If you read this book carefully, you ( UNDERSTAND ) …………it
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8 He ( WRITE )………to you if he heard some news
9 We really help him if he really ( NEED ) ………….us
10 If he ( not HAVE ) …………an accident last night, he ( not BE) ………….in hospital now
TASK 3: Choose the best answer:
1 I am flying to the States tonight I you a ring if I can find a phone
a will give b would give c could give d have given
2 We'll need more staff _ we start the new project
3 If I _ 10 years younger, I _ the job
c had been / will have taken d were / would take
4 _ I had learnt English when I was at high school
5 You are not allowed to use the club's facilities _ you are a member
6 If she _ the train last night, she here now
c had taken / would have been d had taken / would be
7 _ if a war happened?
c What will you do d What will you do
8 I would send her a fax if I _ her number
9 _ it were well paid, I would accept this proposal
10 _ more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday:
a If Peter driven b If had Peter driven
11 If you _ to my advice, you _ in trouble now
a listened / were not b listen / are not
c had listened / would not have been d had listened / would not be
12 If you take the 8 a.m flight to New York you _ change planes
c had not had to d would not to have to
13 If it _ warm yesterday, we would have gone to the beach
14 If it _ an hour ago, the streets _ wet now
a were raining / will be b had rained / would be
c rained / would be d had rained / would have been
15 _ here, he would helped us with these troubles
16 _ that problem with the car, we wouldn't have missed the speech
17 If I were a little taller, I _ be able to water the plant on tl.1etop shelf
18 If you hear from Susan today, _ her to ring me
19 She had to have the operation _
a unless she would dies b if she would die
c otherwise she will die d or she would die
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20 If the traffic _ bad, I may get home late
21 If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf:
a I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf
b I am too tall to reach the top shelf
c I cannot reach the top shelf because I am very tall
d In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf
22 If only I had studied hard enough to pass the final exam
a I regret not studying hard enough to pass the final exam
b I had studied hard enough and I passed the final exam
c I studied too hard to pass the final exam
d I studied hard otherwise I would fail the final exam
23 Peter said if he were me he would stop smoking
a I wanted Peter to stop smoking and he promised to do
a Peter promised to stop smoking
c Peter said he would stop smoking as I wanted him to
d Peter advised me to stop smoking
24 I will agree to these conditions provided that they increase my salary
a They did not increase my salary so I quit the job
b I will only agree these conditions if they give me more money
c They give me more money or I will only agree these conditions
d Unless they give me more money, I will only agree these conditions
25 If it last night, it _ so hot today
a rained / is not b was raining / were not
b had rained / would not have been d had rained / would not be
26 Without your recommendation, we _ any success last year
a had not got b did not get c will not have got d would not have got
27 he gets here soon, we will have to start the meeting without him
28 _ as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft, I would retire
a Did I have b If did I have c Unless I had d If I had had
29 If I _ it was a formal party, I wouldn't have gone wearing jeans and a jumper
a knew b had known c had been knowing d could know
30 Tom's company will almost certainly fire him _ he improves his attitude
31 If my client _ me her fax number, I _ to post a letter to her
a gave,/ will not have b will give / do not have
c had given / wouldn't have had d had given / will not have had
32 _ I had brought my laptop to the meeting yesterday
33 If I _ the lottery last week, I _ rich now
34 Carrie said she will join the company if the starting salary _ her expectations
35 I wish I a computer now
a Had had b Had c Will have d Have
36 I wish everything so expensive
a Wouldn‟t be b Would be c Weren‟t d Could be
37 If Michelle hadn‟t been wearing a sent belt, she injured
a Would Be b Was c Would have been d Can be
38 If gasoline vapor with air, combustion will occur
a Mixed b Had mixed c Mixes d Mixture
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39 _children are with an adult, they are not allow to use the swimming pool
a Unless b Though c If d For
40 If people drove more carefully, fewer accidents
a There will be b There are c There would be d There have been
41 If Hoa _ a rain wet, she wouldn‟t have caught a cold
a Had had b Has had c Had d Has
42 We‟ll send you the invitation if you us the address
a Tell b Told c Will tell d Have told
43 What _ happen if there were no water on earth
a Will b Would c Could d Did
44 If John had had a car, he the job
a Would lose b Would have lost c.Will lose d Wouldn‟t have lost
45 I wish I _hard last year
a Worked b Had worked c Work d Would work
TASK 4: There is a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentences Find a mistake ( A, B,
1 I‟ll let you borrow the book but you miss promise to return it next week
A If you promise to return the book, I let you borrow it
B If you promise to return the book, I‟ll let you borrow it
C If you promise to return the book next week, I‟ll let you borrow it
D If you promise to return the book next week, I won‟t let you borrow it
2 There will be a shortage of water unless it rains
A If it didn‟t rain, there will be a shortage of water
B If it doesn‟t rain, there would be a shortage of water
C If it doesn‟t rain, there will be a shortage of water
D If it rains, there will be a shortage of water
3 It‟s a pity, I can‟t play chess
A I wish I can play chess
B I wish I could play chess
C I wish I could played chess
D I wish I play chess
4 I want to buy him a T-shirt on his birthday but I haven‟t got any money
A I‟d buy him a T-shirt on his birthday if I had some money
B I‟d buy him a T-shirt on his birthday if I had few money
C I‟d buy him a T-shirt on his birthday if I have some money
D I‟d buy him a T-shirt on his birthday if I have few money
5 I can‟t find my pen
A I wish I knew where my pen was
Trang 19GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
C I wish I knew where is my pen
D I wish I knew my pen where
6 We got lost because we didn‟t have a map
A If we had had a map, we wouldn‟t have got lost
B If we had a map, we wouldn‟t have got lost
C If we had had a map, we wouldn‟t get lost
D If we had had a map, we didn‟t get lost
7 Mai felt sick because he ate stale food
A If Mai hadn‟t eaten stale food, she wouldn‟t have felt sick
B If Mai had eaten stale food, she wouldn‟t have felt sick
C If Mai eat stale food, she wouldn‟t have felt sick
D If Mai hadn‟t eaten stale food, she would have felt sick
TASK 6: Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence
1 I didn‟t have the money so I didn‟t buy the car
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Ch ng 4: REPORTED SPEECH I/ăNguyênăt căchung:
1 L p l i d ng t t ng thu t SAID ho c đ i SAID TO thành TOLD
Eg: Mary said to me: “ I saw them at the school gate.”
Mary told me that she had seen them at the school gate
2 i d u ph y ho c d u hai ch m thành THAT, và b d u trích d n
3 i đ i t nhân x ng và s h u n u c n thi t, tùy theo ngh a c a câu
4 i đ ng t trong l i tr c ti p lùi v m t thì n u nh đ ng t l i gián ti p là thì quá kh đ n
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple Past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Simple future Future in the past
Conditional sentence type 1 Conditional sentence type 2
Conditional sentence type 2 Unchanged
Conditional sentence type 3
5 i các t ch v th i gian và n i ch n sao cho ngh a trong câu gián ti p h p lý, rõ ràng
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Tomorrow The next day/the following day
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
Next week The following week
Last week The previous week
II/ Statements in Reported speech:
S + said + (that) + clause*
told + O
(*clause : thay đ i thì, đ i t , c m t ch n i ch n, th i gian)
Vd: „We will have a test tomorrow‟,My teacher said
-> My teacher said (that) we would have a test the next day
III/ Questions in Repoted Speech:
Câu h i Yes- No: ( yes/ no question)
S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause*
(*clause: Tr t t t dùng nh câu tr n thu t , thay đ i thì, đ i t , c m t ch n i ch n,
th i gian)
EX: She asked : “ Will it rain tonight ?”
She asked me if it would rain that night
Trang 21GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
Câu h i có v n t đ h i:( wh - question)
S+ +asked +( O ) + wh- word + clause*
(*clause: Tr t t t dùng nh câu tr n thu t , thay đ i thì, đ i t , c m t ch n i ch n,
th i gian)
EX: He said , “ Where can I find her in this town ?”
He asked me where he could find her in that town
IV/ Reported Speech with infinitive:
-Khi l i nói tr c ti p là l i đ ngh , ý đ nh, l i h a, l i yêu c u… đ ng t t ng thu t cùng v i đ ng
t nghuyên m u theo sau nó th ng đ c dùng đ chuy n t i n i dung l i nói trên
-Tùy theo nhóm đ ng t t ng thu t, ta có v trí c a đ ng t nguyên m u (to-V) nh sau
Ex: He ordered: “ Do it!”
He ordered me to do it
“Don‟t forget to locked the door,” my mother said to me
My mother reminded me not to forget to lock the door
to lock the door
A L i đ ngh
Would you/Could you/Will you/Can youasked+sb+to V
Would you mind/do you mind asked+sb+to V
Ex: “Will you lend me your dictionary?” Mai told me
Mai asked me to lend her my dictionary
B L i m i:
Would you like/ Will you invited + sb + to V
Ex: “ Will you have breakfast with me?” he said
He invited me to have lunch with him
C L i khuyên
Should/ought to/had better/why don‟t you/ If I were youadvised+sb + to
Ex: “ Why don‟t you send her a bouquet of flower?”
He advised me to send her a bouquet of flower
Trang 22GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
III/ Reported with Gerund
-Khi l i nói tr c ti p là l i đ ngh , l i chúc m ng, l i cám n, l i xin l i…đ ng t t ng thu t cùng v i danh đ ng t (V-ing)theo sau đó th ng đ c dùng đ chuy n t i n i dung l i nói trên
A Reporting Verb + Gerund (V-ing)
Ex: They said: “Let‟s not drink a lot of wine when we feel tired.”
They suggested not drinking a lot of wine when they feel tired
reporiing Verb +(sb) +Preposition +V-ing/ not V-ing
Ex: “I‟m happy to know that you pass the examination.Congratulation.”
Mary congratulated me on passing the examination
thank sb for object to
accuse sb of insist on
congratulate sb on complain about
warn sb against think of
apologize to sb for prevent sb from
dream of stop sb from
PRACTICE -TASK 1 Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech , using the verbs given in brackets
1.“You‟ll have to send the documents to the embassy , Mr.Brown,” said the travel agent ( told )
TASK 2.Change the sentences into reported Speech
1."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher
Trang 23Task 3: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes each sentence
1 Cindy _ that I could keep her book for another two days
2 James him up when the bus reached the square
3 I can‟t tell will come to be their new form teacher
4 I asked him , but he said nothing
A what the matter was B what was the matter
C the matter was what D what‟s the matter was
5 She asked me the seat _ or not
A if / had occupied B whether / was occupied
C if / has been occupied D whether / occupied
6 I wonder we‟ll catch the bus _ we‟ll take the taxi
A if / and whether B whether / or that
C if / or that D whether / or whether
7 Excuse me Could you tell me _?
A what time is it ? B what is the time
8 Rosemary said that she thought she _ to lock the front door that morning
A forgets B would forget C had forgotten D has forgotten
9 The boss wanted to something to Laura
Trang 24GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
10 I told him that he his last job if he harder
A would have lost / had worked B wouldn‟t have lost / worked
C wouldn‟t lose / had worked D wouldn‟t have lost / had worked
11 Could you please tell me ?
A it is how far to the nearest bus stop B how far is it to the nearest bus stop
C how far to the nearest bus stop is it D how far it is to the nearest bus stop
12 Two days ago, the manager told Amanda that unless she bill immediately , he _ the police
C had paid / would have called D would pay / could call
13 Marigold wondered
A that Kevin and Ruth could be at the party
B that if Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
C whether that Kevin and Ruth were at the party
D whether Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
14 Mr Walker told his wife _ for him if he _ late
C don‟t wait / is D not to wait / was
15 The officer _ his soldiers not to damage any houses in the village
A suggested B ordered C didn‟t mind D prevented
16 Rita told me she to several interviews before she took that one
17 Which of the following sentences is correct ?
A She said me that I should not put much sugar in her coffee
B She told that I would not put much sugar in her coffee
C She told me not to put much sugar in her coffee
D She said me not to put much sugar in her coffee
18 “You damage my laptop, Mike,” said Sylvia
A Sylvia said Mike has damaged her laptop
B Sylvia told Mike to damage her laptop
C Sylvia threatened Mike to damage her laptop
D Sylvia accused Mike of damaging her laptop
19 “ Let‟s register for the excursion !” said Jake
A Jake suggested registering for the excursion
B Jake promised registering for the excursion
C Jake was certain of registering for the excursion
D Jake expected everyone entering for the excursion
20 “ I would say nothing about it if I were you,” said my brother
A My brother said I would say nothing if he were me
B My brother advised me to say nothing about it
C My brother advised me not to say nothing about it
D My brother told me to say anything about it
21 The guest told the host that _
a I must go now b he must go now
22 The teacher told Joe _
a to stop talking b stop talking c stops talking d stopped talking
23 She said she _
a was very tired last night b was very tired the night before
c had been very tired last night d had been very tired the night before
24 Emily said that her teacher _ to London _
c would go / the next day d had gone / the next day
Trang 25GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
25 She told the boys _ on the grass
a do not play b did not play c not playing d not to play
26 She asked _
a where was her umbrella b where her umbrella was
c where were her umbrella d where her umbrella were
27 Jason asked me _ me the book the day before
28 Robert said that his father _ to Dallas the year before
29 He wanted to know _ shopping during the previous morning
a if we had been going b that if we had been going
c we were going d that we were going
30 "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary
a Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress
b Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress
c Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress
d Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress
31 She raised her hand high so that she could attract her teacher's attention
a Because her teacher attracted her, she raised her hand high
b To attract her teacher's attention, she raised her hand high
c Though she raised her hand high, she could not attract her teacher's attention
d She had such a high raising of hand that she failed to attract her teacher's attention
32 "Hello, Mary!" Peter said '
a Peter said hello Mary b Peter said Mary hello
c Peter told Mary hello d Peter greeted Mary
33 Julie and Anne had not met each other before he party
a Julie and Anne got acquainted when they were at the party
b The party prevented Julie and Anne from meeting each other
c The party was the place where Julie and Anne could not meet each other
d Julie and Anne used to meet each other for the party
34 "Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me
a Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help
b Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help ,
c Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help
d Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help
35 He asked me _ Robert and I said I did not know _
a that did I know / who were Robert
b that I knew / who Robert were
c if I knew / who Robert was
d whether I knew / who was Robert
36 The mother asked her son _
37 Martin asked me _
38 The host asked Peter _ tea or coffee
a whether he preferred b that he preferred
39 She asked me _ my holidays _
a where I spent / the previous year b where I had spent / the previous year
c where I spent / last year d where did I spend / last year
Trang 26GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
40 He advised _ too far
a her did not go b her do not go c her not to go d she did not go
41 John often says he _ boxing because it _ a cruel sport
c not liked / had been d had not liked / was
42 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _
43 He asked _ him some money
a her to lend b she to lend c she has lent d she lends
44 Andrew told me that they _ fish two _ days
a have not eaten / ago b had not eaten / previous
c did not eat / before d would not eat / last
45 Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the _ day
Task 4: Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B, C, or D) that needs correcting
1 Doctors say that being exposed to sunlight for a long time to be harmful
Trang 27GV: Tr n Th My Tr ng THPT B c Liêu
Ch ngă5:ăPASSIVE VOICE I/ăQuiăt c:
am/ is/ are +V-ing
was/ were + V-ing
have/ has + Ved/3
had + Ved/3
will/ shall/ can/ could
Would/ should/ may
Must/ might/ have to/ +Vo
Has to/ had to/ ought to
Be going to/ used to
am/ is/ are +Ved/3
was/ were +Ved/3
am/ is/ are +being + Ved/3
was/ were + being + Ved/3
have/ has +been +Ved/3
had +been + Ved/3
will/ shall/ can/ could
Would/ should/ may Must/ might/ have to/ be+Ved Has to/ had to/ ought to
Be going to/ used to
Notes:
a.Khi ch ng và túc t trong câu ch đ ng là đ i t , ta ph i thay đ i cho phù h p
Ex: The teacher punished me
I was punished by the teacher
b.Khi ch ng trong câu ch đ ng là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, anybody…khi đ i sang b đ ng th ng đ c b đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year
This bridge was built last year (by them)
4 Khi trong câu ch đ ng có 2 túc t thì dùng t c t nào làm ch ng c ng đ c, tuy nhiên, túc t ch
ng i đ c s d ng nhi u h n
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt
I was bought a new shirt by my mother
A new shirt was bought to me by my mother
5.N u ch ng trong câu ch đ ng là Noone/ noboby khi đ i sang b đ ng ta b by noone/ nobody
nh ng đ ng t ph i đ i sang th ph đ nh
Ex: No one believes his story
His story isn‟t believed
θ.V trí c a tr ng t
Tr ng t ch th cách đ c đ t tr c Past Participle
Ex: I do my homework carefully
My homework is carefully done
Tr ng t ch th i gian có th đ t đ u câu ho c sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday
He was lent money yesterday
Tr ng t ch n i ch n đ c đ t tr c by + O
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Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop
the gift was bought from that shop by Mary
II/ăM tăs ăd ngăb ăđ ngăkhác:
1.Verbs of perception (đ ng t ch giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell…
Active: S +see/ hear/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing
Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ smelt + to Vo/V-ing
Ex: Noone saw him kick you
He wasn‟t seen to kick you
2 make/ let +Vo
Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework
Students are made to do a lot of homework
3 want/ need + to + V
Ex: He needs you to believe his ability
He needs to be believed his ability
4 remember/ hate/ keep…+someone +V-ing
Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day
I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother
5 Verbs of opinion (đ ng t ch ý ki n): say, think, believe, know, report, declare…
Form:
Active: S1 + say/ think/ believe…+(that)+ S2 + V2 +O2
Passive: It +be +said/ though/ believed…(that)+S2 +V2 +O2
S2 + be said/ though/ believed + to V/ to have +Ved/3
dùng to +V: khi s vi c ch a ho c đang x y ra trong khi nói
dùng to have + Ved/3 khi s vi c đư hòan t t
Ex1: Teacher says that Tom is the laziest student in class
It is said that Tom is the laziest student in class
Tom is said to be the laziest student in class
Ex2: People said that Mr Johnson had left all his wealth for charity when he died
It was said that Mr Johnson had left all his wealth for charity when he died
Mr.John was said to have left all his wealth for charity when he died
6.Causative form (th nh , b o): have, get
Active: S + have + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
Passive: S + have + O(thing) + Ved/3
Ex: I had the mechanic repair my motocycle yesterday
I had my motocycle repaired yesterday
Active: S + get + O (person) +to V + O (thing)
Passive: S + get + O (thing) + Ved/3…
Ex: I get her to cut grass in the garden
I get grass cut in the darden
7 Imperative form (th m nh l nh)
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
Let your hand be kept clean
Ex2: Don‟t talk the secret to her
Don‟t let the secret be talked to her
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PRACTICE TASK 1 : Change these sentences into Passive voice
1 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures
TASK 2: Use the active or passive , in any appropriate tense , for the verbs in parentheses
1.The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth
Forty percent of the world‟s oxygen ( produce) …………there
2.The game (win , probably) ………….by the other team tomorrow They are a lot better than we are
3.There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday Dozens of people (see)
…………it , including my friend , who (interview) ………… by the police
4.The first fish (appear)……… on the earth about 500 million years ago Up to now , over 20,000 kinds of fish ( name) ………… and (describe)………by the scientists New species (discover)……… every year , so the total increases continually
5.The government used to support the school Today it (support) ………by private funds as well
as by the tuition the students pay
θ.Right now Alex is in the hospital He (treat)……… for a bad burn on his hand and arm
TASK 3: Circle the best answer
1 We _ by a loud noise during the night
C were woken up D were waking up
2 There‟s somebody walking behind us I think we are _
C following D being followed
3 Mickey Mouse cartoons _ into sixty languages
A have translate B translated
C have been translated D were being translated
4 The story I have just read was Agatha Christie
C written from D wrote
5 Do you have a newspaper _ to your home?
C to deliver D delivering
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6 Pupils should have their eyes regularly
7 The food _ by the flight attendants in fifteen minutes
C be prepared D will be prepared
8 A new collection of programs in the conference room
A are presenting B are presented
C present D is being presented
9 This hotel soon
A will sell B will have sold
C will have to sold D will have to be sold
10 All luggage one hour before departure
A will check B will be checked
11 Bicycles _ in the driveway
12 Beethoven's Fifth Symphony _ next weekend
a is going to be performed b has been performed
c will be performing d will have performed
13 Reagan _ an actor years ago
c was said have been d is said to have been
14 I hate _ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends
a to be asking b to be asked c being asking d of asking
15 It _ that learning a foreign language _ a lot of time
a says / is taken b is saying / has been taken
16 All bottles _ before transportation
a frozen b were froze c were frozen d are froze
17 The trees _
a were grown by John yesterday in the backyard
b were grown in the backyard by John yesterday
c were grown in the backyard yesterday by John
d in the backyard were grown yesterday by John
18 _ yet?
a Have the letters been typed b Have been the letters typed
c Have the letters typed d Had the letters typed
19 English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where for administration, broadcasting and education
a is used b it is used c used d being used
20 The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell
a is invented b is inventing c invented d was invented
21 Lots of houses _ by the earthquake
a are destroying b destroyed c were destroying d were destroyed
22 In the US the first stage of compulsory education _ as elementary education
a to be generally known b is generally known
c generally known d is generally knowing
23 Education _ to be the most important element to develop a country
a often be considered b can often consider
c can often considered d can often be considered
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24 The preparations _ by the time the guests _
a had been finished / arrived b have finished / arrived
c had finished / were arriving d have been finished / were arrived
25 _ in that company?
a Do shoes make b Are shoes be made
c Shoes are made d Are shoes made
26 Portuguese _ as an official language in this city since three hundred years ago
a has always been spoken b has been spoken always
27 More than ten victims _ missing in the storm last week
a are reported to be b are reported to have been
c are reporting to have been d are reporting to be
28 _ by your father?
a Did that book write b Did that book written
c Was that book written d Was that book be writing
29 Something _ immediately to prevent teenagers from _ in factories and mines
a should be done / being exploited b we should do / exploiting
c should do I be exploited d should have done / exploited
30 This car _
a was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
b was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan
c was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
d last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
31 Why _ on time?
a don't the exercises finish b weren't the exercises be finished
c aren't the exercises being finished d aren't the exercises be finished
32 No longer _ in our office since it _
b have typewriters been used / computerized
b typewriters have been used / was computerized
c have typewriters been used / was computerized
d typewriters have been used / computerized
33 When _?
a were computers used first b were computers first used
c did computers first use d are computers first using
TASK 4: Choose the sentence which has the same meaning as the first one
1 They showed his photograph on television
A His photograph are showed on television
B His photograph was shown on television
C His photograph is being shown on television
D His photograph was show on television
2 We have to tell Mary about our change in plans
A Mary has to told about our change in plans
B Our change in plans has to be told to Mary
C Mary has to be told about our change in plans
D Our change in plans haven‟t to be told to Mary
3 I was taught how to use the computer by my father
A My father was taught how to use the computer by me
B How to use the computer was taught to my father by me
C My father taught me how to use the computer
D My father teaches me how to use the computer
4 No one can answer this question
A This question can be answered
B This question can answered
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C This question can‟t be answered
D Everyone can answer this question
5 How do people learn languages?
A How are languages learned?
B How are languages learned by people?
C How languages are learned?
D Languages are learned how?
6 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conservation
A I didn‟t realize that our conservation was recorded
B I didn‟t realize that our conservation was being recorded
C I didn‟t realize that our conservation was being recorded by someone
D Our conservation wasn‟t realized to be recorded
7 Nobody told me that George was ill
A.I was told that George wasn‟t ill
B I wasn‟t told that George was ill
C George wasn‟t told to be ill
D George was told not to be ill
8 They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window
A The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window
B The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window
C They believe the thieves got in through the kitchen window
D They believe the thieves have got in through the kitchen window
9 I think they should have offered Tom the job
A I think Tom should have been offered the job by them
B I think Tom should have been offered the job
C I am thought they should have offered Tom the job
D I think the job should have been offered Tom
10 The old man treated the little boy badly
A The little boy was treated by the old man badly
B The little boy was badly treated by the old man
C The little boy badly was treated by the old man
D The little boy was treated badly by the old man
TASK 5 Find the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected
1 There‟s nothing original in the film being make in the studio
D
9 Minerals continue to take from the earth in immense qualities
Trang 331 Indefinite pronouns: (đại từ bất định)
- anybody (any one), anything, anything,
nobody (no one), nothing, everybody
(everyone), everything
- Something is under the armchair
- Everyone wants to go home early
2 Uncount nouns: Các chất rắn, chất lỏng, chất
khí, danh từ trừu tượng …
- water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline,
- ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass
- steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen,
- rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand,
- happiness, pollution, love, health, patience, -
work, homework, advice, information,
-progress, knowledge, furniture,equipment,…
Happiness is one of the most important things in
life
Much progress has been made
3 Subjects, sport, languages, natural
phenomena, nations, diseases: (Môn học, thể
thao, ngôn ngữ, các hiện tượng tư nhiên, tên
các quốc gia bệnh)
- mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics,
- swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis,
- Chinese, English, Spanish, German, …
- weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog,
- Mathematics is a basic tool
- Many people take up gymnastics because it is good
exercise
- English is an international language
- The fog was very thick
4 Số đo lường, lượng tiền, thời gian: - Ten kilometres is a long distance to walk
- Two million dollars is a large sum of money
- Eight hours of sleep is enough for me
5 Who/ what làm chủ ngữ: - Who uses English?
- What has happened to you?
6 That + Clause làm chủ ngữ:
“Wh” + clause làm chủ ngữ:
To inf/ V-ing
- That he is naughty makes his father sad
- What he says is unreliable
- Listening to music is interesting
7 Some determiners: (Một số định từ )
- Each, every, one of,
- A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large
amount of, …
- Either , Neither,
- Each student has a pencil
- There is a little wine in the bottle
- Neither student does homework
- Neither of the students is well prepared
8 The + N and + N: một người kiêm 2 chức
vụ:
- The assistant and secretary is very busy now
9 Hỗn hợp:
- bread and butter: bánh mì bơ
- The horse and carriage : xe ngựa
- Bread and butter is my favourite food
- The horse and carriage is coming round the corner
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II.ăPLURALăSUBJECTăch ăng ăs ănhi u)ă+ăV- s ănhi u
III Các dạng hoà hợp chủ từ và đông từ:
PRACTICE
I Use the correct form of the verb in brackets
1 Ten tons of rice ……… (cost) a lot of money
2 Neither Jim nor his parents ……… (have) seen this movie before
3 Physics ……… (study) mechanics, heat, sound and electricity
4 There ……… (be) nobody at home now
5 The quality of these recordings ……… (be) not very good
6 John, along with twenty friends, ……… (be) planning a party
7 One of the girls who ……… (be) going to Canada ……… (have) bought
1 The + adj : ( nhóm người có cùng tính chất của tính từ)
- The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind,
- The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese, ……
- The poor need our help
- The Vietnamese are very brave
2 Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều:
- police, cattle, goods, clothes, belongings, wares,
- The police are looking for the missing child
3 Some determiners: (một số định từ)
- both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great
many, a good many, the majority…
A few students are playing football
1 Hoà hợp với danh từ sau:
Eitherăă…ă or …… + V …
Neitheră… nor … + V …… ( Theo N2)
Notăonlyă… but also + V ……
- Either I or John is going to do the housework
- Not only the boy but also his friends like to play football
2 Hoà hợp với danh từ trước:
- N1 + along with + N2 + V (theo N1)
as well as/ with/ accompanied by
not
- Miss Hang, along with her friends, wants to meet the boss
- Nam, not Tam, has just come
3 All, Some, None
- None of the boys are good at English
- A lot of coffee has been hot
- Three third of the cake has been eaten
4 Khi ch ng là đ i t quan h , đ ng t chia phù h p
v i danh t đ ng tr c đ i t quan h đĩ entered the room I don‟t know the men who have just
This is the house that was built in 1990
5 Khi ch ng là danh t t p h p, n u ch đ n v t ng
th thì đ ng t chia s ít N u ch các thành viên thí
đ ng t chia s nhi u
His family is rich
His family are sitting in the first row
6 C u trúc: THERE BE + Noun…., đ ng t BE phù
thu c vào danh t sau nĩ
There is a table in the room
There are four chairs in the room
Theo sau là danh
t s nhi u , đ ng
t s nhi u Theo sau là danh t s
ít, đ ng t s ít
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8 His knowledge ……… (be) very wide
9 The police ……… (be) making enquiries about the murder
10 Bread and butter ……… (be) what she asks for
II Choose the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences
1 Two years (is / are) a long time to wait
2 Neither Mary nor Bill (is / are) going to the play tonight
3 There (was / were) some people at the party last night
4 The picture of the soldiers (bring / brings) back many memories
5 These pictures as well as the photograph (brighten / brightens) the room
6 Each student (has / have) answered the first two questions
7 Either John or his wife (make / makes) breakfast each morning
8 Every suit and every shoe he is wearing (is / are) so expensive
9 Both the earth and the other planets (revolve / revolves) around the sun
10 The crowd (was / were) wild with excitement
11 A pairs of pants (is / are) in the drawer
12 Everyone who (want / wants) to buy a ticket should be in this line
13 Reading books (is / are) my hobby
14 The United Nations (is / are) located in New York
15 In our class, mathematics (is / are) taught by Mr Vinh
16 The furniture (was / were) more expensive than I thought
17 Six hundred yards (is / are) a reasonable walk
18 Each of the lawyers (seem / seems) ambitious and capable
19 The sick (need / needs) medical care and tenderness
20 Plenty of meat (was / were) provided
21 The secretary and treasurer of the club (was / were) Mrs Thompson
22 Bacon and egg (is / are) my favorite breakfast
23 A woman with a child (was / were) eager to start
24 There (is / are) still several problems to be solved
25 The news of the victories (cause / causes) great excitement
26 Neither they nor their opinion ever (change / changes)
27 A number of reporters (was / were) at the conference yesterday
28 The rocks in the soil (make / makes) ploughing difficult
29 Billiards (is / are) not exclusively a men‟s game
30 Six dollars and seventy-eight cents (was / were) what he owed
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Note :
M tăăs ăđ ngăt ăch ătriăgiácătheoăsauălƠăđ ngăt ănguyênăm uăho căV-INGă(ăn uăđangăx yăraă)
See Watch look at listen to smell Notice observe hear feel taste
Cácănhómăt ăho căđ ngăt ătheoăsauălƠăđ ngăt ănguyênăm uă:
- nothing but ( không gì …nh ng ch )
- wouldăratheră(ăthíchă….h n ) Ex : We would rather work than play
- cannot but ( không còn cách nào h n là )
- Hadăbetteră(ănênă… thìăh n ) Ex : You had better work
- Let / help / make / have + S.O + V- ( bare infinitive )
Ex : - My father let me drive his car
Cácăđ ng t ph i có V-ING theo sau Cácăđ ng t ph i có TO-V1 theo sau Cácăđ ng t + O + To -infinitive
32 It is no use / It is no good ( vô ích )
33 would you mind (có làm phi n ko)
38 to look forward to (trông mong )
39 to have difficulty / fun / trouble
40 to have a difficult time
Ex : We agree to start early
1 advise (khuyên ) + O + TO- V1
Ex: She allowed me to use her car
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- I made my brother carry my suitcase
- I got my brother to carry my suitcase
- I had my brother carry my suitcase
- I had my suitcase carried by my brother
M t s đ ng t theo sau là ng nguyên m uăho căV-ING khơng làm thayăđ i ngh a c a câu:
Start, begin, continue, intend, case ( ch măd t), prefer
M t s đ ng t theo sau là ng nguyên m uăho căV-ING làm thayăđ i ngh a c a câu:
Remember, forget, try, stop, need, regret, like,
(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã thực hiện
- I remember posting the letter
Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện
- I remember to post the letter
(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực hiện việc đang làm
- She stopped mending the dress
Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm một việc gì khác để làm việc này
- He stopped to have a drink
(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì
- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better
Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm việc gì
- They tried to work as hard as they could
(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghĩa
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year
Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc gì
- He means to take the coming exam
(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều gì đã xảy ra
- I forgot telling her this story
Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều gì
- I forgot to tell her about this
(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc đã xảy ra
- She regrets going to a village school
- The party was great He regretted not to go there
Regret + to infinitive :L y làm tiếc ph iõ làm việc gì
- I r egret to say that she can’t come tonight
M t s đ ng t theo sau là V-ING
Advise, allow, permit, recommend, forbid, encourage
PRACTICE
Exercise1: Ch năđápăánăđúngănh t:
1 We are looking forward _ you again soon
2 My mother was afraid to let the boy _ the tree
A to risk climbing B to risk to climb C risk climbing D risk to climb
3 I remember _ but he said I did not
4 Remember _ john a present today is his birthday
5 I suggest _ some more mathematical puzzles
6 Would you mind _ the door?
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7 You should give up _ or you will die of cancer
8 The driver stopped _ a coffee because he felt sleepy
9 That old man tried to stop _ because of his bad health
10 There is nothing prevent us from the mystery of that palace
11 Mr Thomas does not allow people _ in his office
12 We are not allowed _ in that restricted area
13 You had better _ at home until you feel better
14 The machine needs _
A B and C are correct B to be repaired C repairing D to repair
15 I couldn‟t help _ when I heard the story
16 Peter usually help his mother
17 She used that money _ a new car
18 Can you manage _ the report in the morning?
C finishing / writing D to finish / to write
19 Rex hotel was the best place for us _
A stays B staying C to stay D stay
20 You can‟t stop me from _ what I want
21 I must go now I promise _ late
22 Do you want with you or do you want to go alone?
A me coming B me to come C that I will come D that I come
23 I‟m sure I locked the door I clearly remember _ it
24 She tried to be serious, but she couldn‟t help
25 I like _ the kitchen as often as possible
26 He tried to avoid my question
27 Could you please stop _ so much noise?
28 I enjoy to music
29 Have you finished your hair yet?
30 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk _ knocked down
31 Jim is θη, but he isn‟t going to retired yet He wants to carry on _
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32 Hello! Fancy _ you here! What a surprise!
33 I‟ve put off _ the letters so many times I really must do it today
34 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody _
35 Sarah gave up to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad
36 Suddenly he stopped the car in order
37 I can‟t bear this dirty room
38 Have you considered _ to live in another country?
39 Cathy suggested _ to the cinema
40 They caused her _ a lot
41 Paula quit _ alcohol three years ago
42 We must do something We can‟t go on _ like this
43 My mother rarely allows me _ things for myself
44 She admitted _ the money
45 It was late, so we decided a taxi home
46 Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _ him some money
47 How old were you when you learnt ?
A how to drive B how driving C how drive D how drivers
48 I waved to Karen but I failed her attention
A to be attracted B to attract C attracting D attracted
49 We decided because of the bad weather
A not going out B not to go out C not go out D not gone
50 She always encouraged her son _
51 They seem _ plenty of money
52 I like Simon, but I think he tends _ too much
53 Ann pretended me as he passed me in the street
54 I happened that news from a magazine
55 He has been on a diet to _weight
56 I don‟t know whether for the job or not
57 Do you understand _?