Grammar and exercises 10

Đề cương ôn tập Consolidation 1 st term A. Pronuncation 1. /i/: hit bit little kick click interest, coming cinema miss beginning film it Jim 2. /i:/: heat beat meat repeat read eaten he beans leave meat cheap Green peas cheese 3. /Λ/: study subject cousin love wonderful much month sunny lunch under 4. /a:/ far father marvelous target guitar last are dancing star Martha Charles dark garden 5. /e/: men said met bed pen send red pen sent Helen shelf ten bench never get French 6. /æ/: man sad sand mat bad pan fat handbag Sam apple sat cat Ann 7. / /: top boss doctor wrong job box socks on lost hospital for 8. / :/: call sport four walking more talk fourteen 9. /u/: put pull full foot look cook could boot 10. /u:/ food school tooth fruit June afternoon moon shoes 11. /ə/: teacher together about other pagoda today camera water was father river 12./ З:/ bird work church term shirt early return excursion heard girl learn German Thursday thirsty nurse 13. /ei/ play today radio newspaper they afraid made mistake change April page change 14. /ai/: time wildlife height buy type timetable Friday like ride while 15. / i/ voice noise toy enjoy destroy Royce oil boy 16. /аu/: cow town how house mouse shout loudlyour found couch 17. /əu/: coat phonebone bowl note close rose snow over window coat go B: Grammar & Vocabulary Unit 1: A day in the life of… … 1. The present simple: Thì hiện tại thường -Diễn tả thói quen thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại Ex: He often goes to school at 6.30 a.m. - Diễn tả 1 chân lý luôn luôn đúng Ex: The earth moves around the sun. -Thường có các trạng từ chỉ tần suất đi kèm: sometimes, always, usually, occasionally. Seldom, rarely, never, as a rule, as usual… 2. The adverbs of frequency: Trạng từ chỉ tần suất 1 Đề cương ôn tập - Liệt kê ở trên: always/sometimes…… -Đứng sau động từ “To Be”, trợ động từ (nếu có), đứng trước động từ thường Ex: He is always late for class. She will never see him again. 3. The past simple: Quá khứ đơn - Diễn tả hành động, thói quen trong quá khứ, thường có thời điểm xác định như: last night, yesterday, time+ago,… 4. Practice Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d 1. I know….how she felt. a. exact b. exactly b. exactness d. exacting 2. I felt quite….with my day’s work. a. satisfy b. satisfactory b. satisfied d. satisfaction 3. The alarm goes off at 5.30. a. rings b. strikes b. strings d. knocks 4. We are contented with what we do. a. interested in b. excited about c. keen on d. satisfied with 5. I haven’t met him since he….school. a. left b. was leaving c. had left d. was left 6. He’s not really interested in …….on the farm. a. to work b. work c. working d. worked 7. My sister went to Hanoi ………… . a. last week b. a week ago c. for a week d. all are correct 8. I usually go out for dinner with my friends ………. Saturday nights. a. at b. in c. on d. for 9. We ……at the station ten minutes late. a. arrived b. came c. went d. left 10. ……….do you often go to school? - At 6.30 every morning. a. How b. What time c. Who d. With whom Exercise 2: Khoanh tròn các lỗi sai a, b, c hoặc d 1. Mr. Vy leaves(a) the house at(b) a quarter past five and arrive(c) in the field at exactly(d) 5.30. 2. We haven’t seen(a) Jim since(b) he has left(c) school in(d) 2005. 3. John play(a) tennis with(b) Mary and me(c) every afternoon(d). 4. We (a) expect getting(b) a pay rise(c) next month(d). 5. He has stopped(a) play(b) football because(c) he’s too(d) old. Unit 2: “School talks” 1. WH – questions: What, who, which, When, Why, How Form: Ex: Where is she? Ex: When will you leave? What can I do for you? 2 Wh-Word + be + S + … ? Wh-word + Modal verb + S + main Verb + …? Đề cương ôn tập Ex: Where does she live? 2. Gerund and To-infinitive (Ving & Vinf) • Gerund : V-ing theo sau các động từ: suggest, avoid, stop, go on, mind, consider, enjoy, like, practise, finish, postpone, keep, love,… Ex: I like watching TV, and she enjoys cooking. -V-ing theo sau các giới từ, các cụm động từ, cụm tính từ sau: apologise for, thank for, have trouble, excuse for, sorry for, have difficulty, interested in, busy, have good time, satisfied with, worthy, have hard time …. - V-ing theo sau động từ “Go”: (đi đâu, đi làm gì): do swimming, go fishing, go shopping, go hunting… • To infinitive (Vinf) -V-inf theo sau các động từ sau: expect, decide, want, need, hope, demand, agree, disagree, plan, offer, like… Ex: I expect to see you again. - V-inf đứng sau các động từ có tân ngữ đi kèm. (V+O+ Inf): tell, request, order, talk, remind, want… Ex: She asks me to do my homework everyday. * Chú ý: một số động từ được theo sau bởi V-ing hoặc V-inf với nghĩa khác nhau: Stop, remember, forget, … Ex: His brother stopped smoking. He stopped to have a cup of tea. Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d 1. Ms. Lan enjoys ……because she loves working with children. a. to teach b. to be taught c. teaching d. teach 2. I’d like to stay at home ……going out this evening. a. rather than b. instead of c. more than d. better at 3. It is such a terrible day that I don’t …… to go out. a. want b. fancy c. enjoy d. need 4. I have such a lot of work to do that I don’t know …… to do first a. when b. what c. where d. why 5. The reason …….he refused this job is that he doesn’t like the boss. a. what b. who c. why d. when 6. My father doesn’t allow me ……in his room. a. to smoke b. smoking c. smoke d. not smoke 7. Nam ……in finding a good job in an advertising company. a. managed b. gained c. succeeded d. got 8. It’s better to avoid ………during the rush hour. a. traveling b. to travel c. travel d. traveled 9. It was a nice day, so we decided ……… for walk. a. to have b. to go c. to take d. to make 10. Would you ……… looking after my children for a while? a. mind b. agree c. stand d. care 11. I have difficulty …… and ……… English. 3 Wh-word +Do/does/did +S + main Verb… ? Đề cương ôn tập a. speak-writing b. to speak-to write c. speaking-writing d. speak-write 12. They offered ……her but she refused. a. to help b. helping c. help d. being helped 13. I don’t mind … you …… the washing up. a. help-do b. helping-doing c. helping-do d. to help-to do 14. I’d like …….when I am sixty years old. a. to rest b. to stop c. to retire d. to relax 15. The children are looking forward to ……… on holiday. a. go b. going c. be going d. have gone 16. You must try not …….so many mistakes again. a. make b. making c. to make d. makes 17. He advised me …………….at this time. a. not to go out b. not go out c. not going out d. not to going out 18. We always expect ……….as many good marks as possible. a. getting b. get c. to getting d. to get 19. This book is worthy ………for us. a. to read b. reading c. read d. be read 20. I have trouble ………late at nights. a. work b. to work c. working d. works Unit 3: “People s background”’ 1. The past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành) *Form: *Use: Dùng để diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài trong 1 khoảng thời gian và kết thúc trước 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer a,b,c or d 1. When I first ……….abroad to study, I ……in a dormitory before. a. traveled-was never lived b. had traveled-never lived c. traveled-had never lived d. was traveling-had never lived. 2. He …… London 2 years ago and I ……….him since then. a. left-hadn’t seen b. left-haven’t seen c. was living-haven’t seen d. left-didn’t see 3. Jim, ………since you got home from football practice? a. are you eating b. had you eaten c. did you eat d. have you eaten 4. It rained yesterday after it ………dry for months. a. was b. have been c. had been d. was being 5. By the time Sheila got back, Chris ……… a. have gone b. went c. will go d. had gone 6. …….do you live? In a flat, near the university. a. Where b. When c. Who d. Whom 7. Could you please stop … so much noise? a. doing b. making c. to make d. to do 4 S + had + Vp2 Đề cương ôn tập 8. When she came out, her bike …… . a. was disappeared b. was being disappeared c. had disappeared d. have disappeared 9. By the time Shakespeare died in 1616, he …… more than 37 plays. a. will have written b. had written c. has written d. would have written 10. Since the early 20 th century, women … a lot of chances to pursue their interest. a. have had b. have c. had had d. had Unit 4: Special Education 1. The + adj -Chỉ một nhóm đối tượng -Động từ chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều Ex: The old need more care form us. The Young hold the future in their hands. 2. Used to + Vinf -Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ nay không còn nữa Ex: I used to work for a Korean company. My father didn’t use to get up late. Did you use to do morning exercise? • Phân biệt Used to + Inf và Be/get + used to + Ving Be/get used to + Ving Chỉ một việc ta quen làm ở hiện tại Ex: He is used to working at night. 3. Which- a connector-Từ nối- thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó. - Hình thức viết: có dấu phẩy đứng trước “which” EX: He’s always late for work, which annoys his boss a lot. My father can’t come to our party, which is a great pity. Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer 1. John is always late for class,….annoys the teacher. a. which b. this c. what d. that 2. Now I don’t go to school on foot as I…… a. had been b. did c. used to d. was 3. Without the Braille Alphabet, it would be very difficult for… a. the disabled b. the deaf c. the mute d. the blind 4. We’ve lost her phone number, which makes it difficult…her. a. contacting b. contacted c. to contact d. contact 5. Jane…for the telephone company, but now she has a job at the post office. a. works b. used to work c. having worked d. working 6. Our flight was delayed,….meant we had to wait for hours at the airport. a. that is b. this is c. which d. which 7. Most of the children come from large and poor families which….them from having proper schooling. a. makes b. prevents c. leads d. gets 8. Our teacher is very proud….her work. a. in b. at c. of d. with 5 Đề cương ôn tập Unit 5 Technology and you 1. The present perfect tense (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) a. Form b. Use Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng diễn tả - Diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai (thường dùng với since + điểm thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian) Ex: We have learned English for 5 years/ since 2001 He has had his car since 1998/ for 8 years - Diến tả một hành động hay sự việc vừa mới xảy ra (dùng với trạng từ Just) Ex: she has just told me your story - Diễn tả một hành động hay sự việc xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời gian (dung các trạng từ: already, ever, never, yet) Ex: They’ve already done the exercises Have you had breakfast yet? -Được dùng theo sau cấu trúc: “ It/this is the first/second/third time hoặc theo sau so sánh tuyệt đối và đi với ever. Ex: This is the first time I have read this book. It’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 2. The present perfect passive (thì hiện tại hoàn thành bị động) a. Form: Ex: The house has just been painted. A new bridge has been built across the river. 3. Relative pronoun: who, which, that - Đại từ quan hệ là từ đứng liền sau một danh từ để thay thế cho danh từ đó làm chủ ngữ, làm tân ngữ a. Who: Dùng thay cho danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ I like the man. The man is wearing a blue shirt.  I like the man who is wearing a blue shirt. Nam is the only man. She loves Nam.  Nam is the only man who she loves. b. Which: Dùng thay cho danh từ chỉ vật và làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ The dog won the race. The dog is mine. The dog which won the race is mine. I lent you the book. The book is interesting.  The book which I lent you is interesting. c. That: Dùng thay cho danh từ chỉ cả người và vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ I like the man that is wearing a blue shirt. The dog that won the race is mine. L ưu ý: 6 S + Has/have + Vpp S + has/have + been + Vpp Đề cương ôn tập “That” không được dùng với mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (l à loại mệnh đề quan hệ được tách khỏi câu bằng hai dấu phẩy) Nam, who is wearing a blue shirt, is my friend. 3. Practice Exercise 1: use the simple past or present perfect of the verbs in the brackets 1. I (go) to Toronto last year for business. I (go) there several times since then. 2. The house is very dirty. We (clean) it for ages. 3. Since Christmas, the weather (be) quite good. 4. They (arrive) home ten minutes ago. 5. Hoa and Quan (quarrel) with each other some time ago. 6. My father (play) competitive golf for most of his life and really enjoys it. Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer (a,b,c or d) 1. We have been friends….years. (a. since b. from c. during d. for) 2.…his homework yet? a. did he do b. had he dome c. has he done d. does he do 3. I … my brother USD 10,0000 so far. (a. lent b. had lent c. lend d. has lent) 4. They have been in our country…January, 1 st 2002. ( a. for b. from c. since d. in) 5. She… abroad twice a year. (a. went b. had gone c. goes d. have gone) 6. This is the place….we first met each other. (a. which b. that c. where d. for which) 7. Hanoi,…is the capital of Vietnam, is very beautiful. a. that b. which c. of which d. where 8.My grandmother….how to use a computer before she retired. a. learnt b. had learnt c. has learnt d. learns 9. My niece…is the eldest daughter of my brother has been studying in the UK for three years. a. who b. which c. whom d. whose 10. A lot of trees ….by the farmers for firewood. a. were cut b. had been cut c. is cut d. have been cut Exercise 3: Combine each pair of sentences into one, using a suitable relative pronoun 1. The woman was wearing a green hat. I was sitting behind her. 2. The building is the town hall. You can see it in front of you. 3. Lauren couldn’t come to the party. This was a shame. 4. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now. 5. John is one of my closet friends. I’ve known him for a very long time. 6. Jill doesn’t have a phone. This makes it difficult to contact her. Unit 6: An excursion 1. The present progressive (with future meaning) -Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn tả sự sắp xếp hay kế hoạch trong tương lai, thường có từ chỉ thời gian Ex: What are you doing this coming weekend? - I am taking a French course this semester. 2. Be going to + Vinf -Diễn tả một ý định, dự định trong tương lai được quyết định trước lúc nói Ex: We have saved the money. We are going to buy a new house. 7 S + am/is/are + V-ing Đề cương ôn tập They are going to enjoy good weather with lots of sunshine. - Diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ Ex: Look! There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain. I don’t feel very well. I think I am going to be sick. 3. The simple future: Will + Vinf Form: Thì tương lai đơn dung diễn tả một quyết định được đưa ra tại thời điểm nói Ex: The phone is ringing. I will answer it. It’s cold. I will shut the window. *Practice Exercise1: Write the following sentences in the most likely form (present progressive, be going to, or simple future) 1. “We’ve run out of milk”- Oh, have we? I (go) and get some. 2. “So you’ve moved into your new house. Congratulations!” –“Thank you. We (have) a party soon”. 3. I’m sorry you’re leaving. I hope you (come) back and see us soon. 4. I’m afraid I can’t come to dinner on Saturday-I (meet) Tim. 5. My cousins (come) to stay with us at the weekend. 6. Look at that car! It (hit) that tree. 7. Did you hear that the company (open) a new factory? 8. Kate’s really unhappy at work so she (look) for a new job soon. Exercise 2 choose the correct answer (a, b, c,or d) 1.I really want to relax, so I’m going to do a lot of… a. washing b. cooking c. sightseeing d. tidying 2. I….my bedroom this weekend. a. am going to paint b. paint c. will paint d. have painted 3. I…my job soon. a. will leave b. am going to leave c. am leaving d. leave 4. You are very excited about going on holiday to Thailand. What do you say to your friends? –“Next Sunday I…to Thailand” a. will fly b. have flown c. fly d. am flying 5. I think he…to Ho Chi Minh city for a holiday. a. will fly b. is going to fly c. fly d. is flying 6. For me, the most important thing about holiday is….something completely different. a. doing b. do c. done d. did 7. It’s easy….friends when you’ve on holiday. . to make b. will make c. make d. made 8. Yesterday I went… a sightseeing tour around the Old Town. a. to b. for c. on d. in 9. … your last holiday please. a. to describe b. describing c. will describe d. describe Unit 7:The Mass Media 1. Because of (vì, bởi vì) bắt đầu cho nhóm từ, trạng từ chỉ lý do 8 S + will + Vinf Because of + Noun/noun phrase/gerund phrase Đề cương ôn tập Ex: I came to school late because of the heavy rain. He can’t go to work because of being ill. He can’t go to work because of his illness. 2. Because: bắt đầu cho mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lý do Ex: I came to school late because it rained heavily. He can’t go to work because he’s ill. 3. In spite of (mặc dù) bắt đầu cho nhóm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ Ex: In spite of/ despite her illness, she tried to go to school regularly. In spite of / despite the difficult test, Jack tried to finish it. 4. Although (m ặc d ù) Ex: Although she was ill, she tried to go school regularly. Although the test was difficult, Jack tried to finish it. 5. Practice Exercise 1: Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. Although it was cold, we went swimming.  In spite of 2. We stopped playing tennis because it started to rain.  Because of 3. Although he felt tired, he still went on working.  Despite 4. Mrs Hoa is very busy. She helps his son with his homework, though. Even though 5. I like fish, but I don’t like catching them myself.  Although 6. He got bad marks because of his carelessness in writing.  Because 7. Although Ann was ill, she insisted on going to work.  in spite of 8. They are always happy although they have very little money. Despite Exercise 2: Choose the best answer 1. I’ve never…to Australia, so I’d like to go. a. gone b. been c. seen d. drove 2. I……for a new job. a. have been applied b. have been applied c. am having applied d. am being applied 3. John lost his job….his laziness. a. because of b. because c. in spite of d. though 4. What….do you often turn your TV on? a. channels b. television c. stations d. waves 5. What are you going to….on the next seminar? a. presenting b. presence c. present d. presently 9 Because + clause (S + V) In spite of/ despite + Noun/ noun phrase/ gerund phrase Although/though/ Even though + Clause (S+V) Đề cương ôn tập 6. Can you… a good hotel? a. recommendationb. recommend c. recommending d. recommended 7. International news is news from other parts of the… a. world b. country c. nation d. globe 8. He has had this car…six month. a. in b. since c. during d. for Unit 8: The story of my village 1.Reported speech: statements (lời tường thuật l à lời nói của một người nào được tường thuât lại với từ và cách nói của người thuật lại nhưng ý nghĩa không đổi Ex: Mary said, “I don’t feel well today”. Mary said that she didn’t feel well that day. - C âu tường thuật không được viết giữa hai dấu ngoặc kép và luôn kết thúc bằng dấu chấm’ Câu tường thuật gồm có 2 phần: mệnh đề t ường thuật và lời nói gián tiếp (Mary said: mệnh đề tường thuật, She didn’t feel well that day. lời tường thuật) * Quy t ắc chung: Khi đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp chúng ta sẽ theo những quy tắc sau -Động từ tường thuật - Thì của lời nói trực tiếp - Ngôi - Từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn a. Động từ tường thuật (reporting verbs): say, tell, want to know, request, advise, invite……… Said said that, said to+O told + O + that, -Bỏ dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu (:) hay dấu ngoặc kép (“…”) b. Thay đổi đại từ và tính từ sở hữu theo qui tắc: Ngôi 1Người nói Ex: He said, “I watch T.V every evening.” He said that he watched TV every morning Ngôi 2 Người nghe He said, “ Your English is very good.”  He said that my English was very good. Ngôi 3  Không đổi He said,” their children are studying at university.”  he said that their children were studying at university. c. Thay đổi thì của động từ theo bảng sau Direct speech  Reported speech Simple present  simple past Present progressive  Past progressive Present perfect  Past perfect Simple past  Past perfect Past progressive  Past perfect progressive Past perfect  Past perfect Will/can/may  Would/could/might 10 . take d. to make 10. Would you ……… looking after my children for a while? a. mind b. agree c. stand d. care 11. I have difficulty ……. .and ……… English pen sent Helen shelf ten bench never get French 6. /æ/: man sad sand mat bad pan fat handbag Sam apple sat cat Ann 7. / /: top boss doctor wrong job box