Unit 15 - U 16: Grammar and exercise

Unit 15: Space Conquest Grammar 1: TAG QUESTIONS ( Câu hỏi đuôi) * Structure S +V (affirmative) + …, Aux- Negative + S? S +V Negative + …, Aux- (affirmative)+ S? * Examples: Affirmative statement Negative statement - You have a brother, don't you? - Mr Minh has been to Hue, hasn't he? - We have finished, haven't we? - Lan will come next week, won't she? - We don't eat dinner at home, do we? - It isn't raining, is it? - You don't like coffee, do you? - They will not help, will they? * Some special cases : a) If the main clause is " I am" , tag question must be "aren't I?" EX: I am coming here ,aren't I? b) If the main clause have " let's" ,tag question must be " shall we?" EX: - Let's go to the movies, shall we? c) If the main clause is request ,tag question must be " will you?" EX: - Open the window, will you? d) If the main clause is invitation ,tag question must be "won't you?" EX: - Take your seat, won't you? e) If the main clause have: " seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, " ,tag question must be affirmation. EX: -He never goes to school late ,does he? * Notes : Grammar : S + V + O , [ ] + ĐẠI TỪ ? Trong đó : Đại từ : Lấy chủ từ câu đầu đổi thành đại từ Đàn ông ---> he Đàn bà ----> she Vật (số ít ) --- -> it There --- -> there This --- -> it That --- -> it These --- -> they Those --- -> they Số nhiều ----> they Các đại từ như : they,he she . thì giữ nguyên [ ] : nhìn ở câu đầu nếu có động từ đặc biệt thì chuyển thành [ ] nếu không có thì mựon trợ động từ do.does ,did - Nếu câu đầu có NOT ,hoặc các yếu tố phủ định như barely, hardly, hardly ever, little, neither, never, no, no one, nobody, none, nothing, scarely, seldom , thì [ ] không có NOT ,nếu câu đầu không có NOT thì [ ] có NOT Exercise 1: Complete the following tag questions: You cant answer all the question, ? He believes you, ? You will help me to do the dishes, ? The teacher should explain the lesson, ? The boy didnt know the lesson, ? Bob frightened you, ? You can speak English well, ? She couldnt arrange that, ? You wont lend him, ? He shouldnt do it, ? She's very funny. She's got a great sense of humour, ? The area was evacuated at once, ? Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays, ? It never works very well, ? Neither of them offered to help you, ? There'll be plenty for everyone, ? Grammar 2: Could/ be able to + Vinf * Chỉ khả năng, năng lực ở hiện tại : can, be able to ; ở quá khứ could, was/ were able to Tuy nhiên ta thờng dùng can/ could trong trờng hợp nài. Ex: 1. He could/ was able to run very fast when he was a boy. 2. We were able to/ could get tickets for the match yesterday. 3. When I was young I could/ was able to climb any tree in the forest. 4. In those day we had a car, so we could/ were able to travel very easily. * Trong câu có các động từ: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand Dùng can/ could Ex: When we went into the house, we could smell burning. * Trong câu phủ định dùng cả hai đều đúng. Ex: I couldn t come last night, sorry. OR I wasn t able to come last night, sorry. * Diễn đạt những việc làm đợc vào một dịp nào đó, ta dùng be able to chứ ko ding can/ could Ex: The fire spread through the building quickly, but everybody was able to escape. Exercise 2: Complete these sentences with could, couldnt or was/ were able to: A girl fell into the river but fortunately we rescue her. I walk when I was less than a year old. My grandfather walk without any help last night. you understand what he was saying? My grandmother speak Spanish. Suddenly all the lights went out. We see a thing. The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma put it right again. There was a big party last night. You hear the music half a mile away. I learnt to read music as a child. I read it when I was five. People heard warnings about the food, and they move out in time. The train was full. I find a seat anywhere. Mrs Carter put out the fire before the house burnt down. I looked everywhere for the books, but I find it. The plane take off at eleven o'clock ,after the fog had lifted. It was foggy, so the plane take off. Unit 16: The wonders of the world Grammar: It is said that People say that Structure: People/ they + think/ say/ suppose/ believe/ consider/ report + that + clause. 1. Change the structure into: Its thought/ said/ supposed/ believed/ considered/ reported + that + clause ( not change) 2. Sử dụng chủ ngữ của mệnh đề sau THAT làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động: a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là hiện tại đơn. S + am/ is/ are + thoughty/ said/ supposed + + to + Vinf. Ex: People say that he is a good doctor. He is said to be agood doctor. b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành: S + am/ is/ are + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + Ved/PII Ex: People think that he stole my car. --? He is thought to have stolen my car. c.Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + am/ is/ are + thought/ said/ supposed + to + be + V-ing. Ex: People think that hes living in Hanoi. He is thought to be living in Hanoi. Exercise 3: Rewrite these sentences in two ways: 1. People know that she is a good swimmer. 2. They say that Francis is in hospital. 3. They think that the children are in bed. 4. People believe that the robber has worked in the bank. 5. People believe that nuclear power stations are in danger. 6. people know that cars pollute the environment. 7. People think that shes traveling in Asia. Exercise 4: Change into passive in two ways: It is said that C.Columbus discovered American. --> C.Columbus is said .  …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. It is said that many people are homeless because of the flood. --> Many people  …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law. --> The Prime Minister .  …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. It is expected that the US President will lose the election. --> The US President  …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. --> The thieves .  …………………………………………………………………………………… 6.It is found that she drove through the town at 50 miles an hour. --> She .  …………………………………………………………………………………… 7.It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident. --> Two people  …………………………………………………………………………………… 8.It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion. --> Three men .  …………………………………………………………………………………… 9.It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall. --> The prisoner  …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York. --> The wanted man .  …………………………………………………………………………………… . ông -- -& gt; he Đàn bà -- -- & gt; she Vật (số ít ) -- - -& gt; it There -- - -& gt; there This -- - -& gt; it That -- - -& gt; it These -- - -& gt; they Those -- - -& gt;. Unit 15: Space Conquest Grammar 1: TAG QUESTIONS ( C u hỏi u i) * Structure S +V (affirmative) + …, Aux- Negative + S? S +V Negative + …, Aux- (affirmative)+