DE CUONG HOC KI II _ ANH 9 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ Khi trong câu có 2 mệnh đề có sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau chúng ta gọi đó là câu phức. Câu phức gồm có một mệnh đề mang thông tin chính (gọi là mệnh đề chính) và một mệnh đề mang thông tin bổ sung. Ngoài các mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ (bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ) chúng ta còn một dạng mệnh đề phụ nữa (bắt đầu bằng các liên từ Because, because of, even though, although, though, so hoặc since ta gọi là mệnh đề trạng ngữ.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thường có những loại sau:
Trang 1DE CUONG HOC KI II _ ANH 9 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ
Khi trong câu có 2 mệnh đề có sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau chúng ta gọi đó là câu phức Câu phức gồm có một mệnh đề mang thông tin chính (gọi là mệnh đề chính) và một mệnh đề mang thông tin bổ sung Ngoài các mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ (bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ) chúng ta còn một dạng mệnh đề phụ nữa (bắt đầu bằng các liên từ Because, because of, even though, although, though, so hoặc since
ta gọi là mệnh đề trạng ngữ.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thờng có những loại sau:
I/Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân: (because/because of)
MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ NGUYấN NHÂN được giới thiệu bằng :
- AS/SINCE/ FOR/ BECAUSE/ SEEING THAT : bởi vỡ
Ex : As there were no seats left, I came back early.Vỡ khụng cũn chiếc ghế nào, tụi trở về sớm
- BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO + danh từ/ V- ing
Ex : Because of the rain, the match was canceled Vỡ trời mưa nờn trận đấu bị hủy bỏ
- DUE TO/ BECAUSE OF THE FACT + that- clause : Vỡ thực thế là
Ex : Due to the fact that is was too expensive, I didn't buy it
Vỡ thực tế là nú quỏ đắt, tụi đó khụng mua nú
BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF * ALTHOUGH / DESPITE
Caựch chuyeồn tửứ meọnh ủe à chổ lyự do sang cuùm tửứ
1 Because + S (pronoun) + be + adj …
Because of + Possessive + Noun
Because she was ill, she couldn’t go to school
Because of her illness, she couldn’t go to school
Because the weather was hot, I couldn’t sleep well
Because of the hot weather, I couldn’t sleep well
3 Because + S (pronoun) + VERB + adv …
Because of + Possessive + adj + Noun
Because she behaves well, everyone loves her
Because of her good behavior, everyone loves her
4 Because + (S+ have) THERE + BE + (a /an) + ADJ + NOUN
5 Because + S (Pronoun) + TO BE + ADVERB + ADJ
Because she is extremely beautiful, everyone admires her
Because of her extreme beauty, everyone admire her
7 Because + S (Noun) + VERB + (ADVERB)
Because of + a/ an/ the (ADJ) + NOUN + of + Noun (Noun)
Because this boy behaved kindly, I love him so much
Because of the kind behavior of this boy, I love him so much
Trang 28 Because + S1 (Noun/ Pronoun) + VERB + O …., S2 +V2 +… (S1 # S2)
Because of + possessive + (not) Ving + O …., S2 +V2 +… (S1 # S2)
1 Although she was ill, she went to school.
In spite of
2 He didn’t come because he was sick
He didn’t come because of
3 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry
20 He ate all the fruits though they were green
He ate all the fruits despite
21 He left school because his life was hard
Trang 331 I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult
I couldn’t do the test because of
32 He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties
38 We bought the house though its rooms were small
We bought the house despite
39 The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving
Clause Of Reason (Cause): Because , As , Since…
+ Because Of + Noun Phrase = Because + Clause( gioáng nhö Although & in spite of )“ ”
Trang 4+ So, So ………That, If, To Inf…
+ S + Stop / Prevent + O + From + V-ing = Because of
Ex: The teacher is sick, so we have no class tomorrow (because) -> Because the teacher is sick We have no class tomorrow
Ex: That restaurant is so dirty that nobody wants to eat there (because) -> Because that restaurant is dirty, nobody wants to eat there
Ex: She went to the post office to send a letter
-> Because she wanted to send a letter, she went to the post office
Ex: The fog prevented us from going out
Because of the fog, we didn’t / couldn’t go out
II/ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự đối lập (mệnh đề nhợng bộ): although, though (mặc dù)
Ví dụ: 1 Although Mr Ha and Mr Chinh have to live in poor, they always look happy
2 Though they had tried much, they didn’t get good result at the end of the shool year
3 The accident happened although the both drivers were careful
4 They refused him though he had many qualifications
5 Inspite of his bad health, he still tried to finish the race
6 Depite the bad weather, the children went swimming
7 Linda invited them to her wedding party despite their bad behaviour
8 We came to Ha noi to watch the parade inspite of living very far from it
Qua các ví dụ trên ta thấy: although, though + Mệnh đề (S + V)
còn inspite of, despite + Ngữ
Vậy cách chuyển đổi giữa chúng cũng tơng tự nh because/because of phía trên Ngoài ra ta còn có
“Even though” (thậm chí là, cho dù là) với ý nghĩa tơng phản mạnh hơn
Ví dụ: 1 Hoa is not satisfied with her preparations for Tet, even though she had decorated her house and mase plenty og cakes.(Hoa không hài lòng với sự chuẩn bị của mình cho Tết cho dù là cô ấy
đã trang trí nhà cửa và làm rất nhiều bánh)
2 Even though the girls in Thinh Long have very bad characters, they are still loved by many people.(Cho dù là các cô gái ở Thịnh Long có những tính cách rất xấu, họ vẫn đợc nhiều ngời yêu mến)
B/ Bài tập:
I/ Viết lại các câu sau:
1 Because Mr Ha has no money, he has no friends no love
Trang 51 Mary hurried, she was late.A because of B because C despite D although
2 We can’t listen to the music, the noise from the next room
3 .he has started many times, the engine couldn’t start
4 .their lateness, their teacher let them stand outside the classroom
5 Mary learns English well, she often pratices it regularly
6 They lose the way back to their hotel, having forgotten the map of the city at their room
7 .the daughter sickness, they decides to delay their holiday
8 Lien’s parents felt unhappy, her failure at the exam
9 Nga, family is going to move to the South, wanted to have a farewell party to her friends
10 Nga, I met at Loan’s house last week, is a second year student
11 The pupil won the prize is our headmaster’s son
12 Do you know a person can repair this bike
13 Mai doesn’t want to come in because she is afraid the dog
14 Feeling tired I stayed bed late.A in B at C by D of
15 The school is famous its tied regulations and trickness of the teacher
III.MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ được dùng với :
Trang 6- SO + Tính từ/ Trạng từ + mệnh đề That
Ex : I'm so hungry that I could eat a horse-Tớ đói đến nỗi có thể ăn cả con ngựa ấy chứ
SO cũng được dùng với MANY, MUCH- nhiều, FEW, LITTLE- ít
Ex : She's got so many dress that she doesn't know which to put on
Cô ấy có nhiều váy quá đến nỗi không biết mặc cái nào
- SO+ Tính Từ + A/ AN + Danh từ + Mệnh đề that
Ex : It was so nice a day that we went to the beach
Hôm đó trời đẹp đến nỗi chúng tôi đã đi ra bãi biển
- SUCH + A/ AN + Tính từ + Danh từ đếm được số it + Mệnh đề that
Ex : It was such a nice day that we all went out
Đó là ngày đẹp trời đến nỗi tất cả chúng tôi đều đi chơi
- SUCH + Tính từ + Danh từ số nhiều / Danh từ không đém được + Mệnh đề that
Ex : They were such cheap books that I bought them all
Đó là những quyển sách rẻ đến nỗi tôi đã mua tất cả
Chú ý : Trong van nói có thể dùng So và Such không có That
- THEREFORE/ CÓNSEQUENTLY/ AS A RESULT/ AS A CONSEQUENCE + Mệnh đề : Vì vậy
Cách đặt các từ này trong câu như sau :
Ex : He didn't work hard; therefore, he lost the job
He didn't work hard Therefore, he lost the job
He didn't work hard and therefore he lost the job
Nó không làm việc chăm chỉ, vì thế, nó bị mất việc
CH Ý : Ú
- Đông từ trong mệnh đề chỉ kết quả tuân theo qui tắc thứ tự các thì :
+ Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính được chia ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai, động từ ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích sẽ ở thì hiện tại
Ex : It is such strong coffee that I can't drink it.Cà phê đó đắng quá đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được+ Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính được chia ở thì quá khứ, động từ ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích sẽ ở thì quá khứ
Ex : She was so tired that she couldn't concentrate
I Use “so” or “such”
1 The sun shone… brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses
2 Dean was… a powerful swimmer that he always won the races
3 There were… few students registered that the class was cancelled
4 We had….a good time at the party that we hated to leave
5 The benefit was….great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it
6 We had… wonderful memories of that place that we decide to return
7 It was….a nice day that we decided to go to the beach
8 Jane looked….sick that the nurse told her to go home
9 Those were….difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them
10 Ray called at ….an early hour that we weren’t awake yet
11 The book looked….interesting that he decided to read it
12 He worked….carefully that it took him along time to complete the project
13 We stayed in the sun for… Along time that we became sunburned
14 There were…many people on the bus that we decided to walk
15 The program was….entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it
Trang 7II Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct option to fill each of the following blanks.
1 Our seats were _ far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors and actresses clearly
2 He was _ he never washed his clothes by himself
A too lazy B so lazy that C very lazy that D such lazy that
3 They are _ young _ drive the car
A so / that B too / to C enough / to D not only / but also
4 It was _ a boring speech that I felt asleep.A such B so C very D too
5 Is there _ for everyone?A food and drink enough B enough food and drink
C enough of food and drink D enough food and drink enough
6 He was _ he could not continue to work
A very tired that B such tired that C too tired that D so tired that
7 John’s eyes were _ bad that he couldn’t read the number plate of the car in front
8 - Why don’t we make a fire? - It’s not cold _ to make a fire
9 Most of the pupils are _ to pass the examination
A enough good B good enough C too good D very good
10 You can send me a letter if you want to, but your phone call is _ for me
A enough good B good as enough C good enough D good than enough
11 Davis has _ many patients _ he is always busy
A too / that B very / untilC such / that D so / that
12 It was _ a difficult question that they couldn't explain
13 The lesson _ for me to understand
A is very difficult B too difficult C difficult too D is too difficult
14 The tent show is _ for us to see.A enough interesting B very interesting
C interesting enough D interesting
15 They are _ that they can't buy a bicycle
A enough poor B poor enough C so poor D too poor
EXERCISE 3 COMBINE THE SENTENCES BY USING SO…THAT OR SUCH….THAT:
1 This tea is good I think I’ll have another cup
2 It was an expensive car We couldn’t afford to buy it
3 The car was very expensive We couldn’t afford to buy it
4 Tommy ate too much candy He got a stomachache
5 The food was too hot It burned my tongue
6 She made many mistakes She failed the exam
7 It was a good book I couldn’t put it down
8 He walked very quickly We couldn’t keep up with him
9 It was nice weather We went to the zoo
10 The test was very easy Everyone got a high score
11 The room was very dark We could not see anything
12 It took him only ten minutes to get there There was little traffic
13 It was an interesting film My mother saw it 3 times
14 There are many books I can’t read all of them in just a week
15 He is a famous singer Everyone in the city knows of him
EXERCISE 4 REWRITE SENTENCES BY USING TOO….TO:
1) The weather is so bad that we can’t go out
=> The weather is too……
2) The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it
=> The film was too…
Trang 83) He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
=> ) He was too…
4) He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him
=> He spoke too…
5) The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other
=> The fair was too…
6) You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words
=> You speak too……
7) It is so early that we can’t go out
=> It is too…
8) The water is so hot that I can’t drink it
=> The water is too……
9) The restaurant is so expensive that we can’t eat in that restaurant
=> The restaurant is too………
10) He studied so badly that he couldn’t pass the exam
=> He studied too……
11) The lesson is so difficult that nobody can understand it
=> The lesson is too ………
12) The work is so hard that I cannot finish it on time
=> The work is too …………
13) This novel was so interesting that I could not put it down
=> This novel was too …………
14) This song is so long that noboby can sing it
=> This song is too ……
15) They were so excited that they could not sleep
=> They were too …
EXERCISE 5: COMBINE EACH SENTENCES INTO A NEW ONE, USING ADJ + ENOUGH + “
(FOR O) + TO.V :”
1 The story is short We can read it in one hour
2 The film was very good We saw it through
3 The play was very amusing They enjoyed it
4 This song is very simple Everybody can sing it
5 This book is very interesting You should read it
6 Some of the books are important I must read them
7 He was kind Everybody liked him
8 The programme on TV was interesting We followed it through
9 This exercise is very easy The pupils can finish it in five minutes
10 The weather is very fine We can go out for a walk
11 The radio isn’t small You cannot put it in your pocket
12 This coat isn’t warm I don’t wear it in winter
13 The weather was fine We could go camping
14 Those apples aren’t ripe We can’t eat them
15 We have money We can buy that motorcycle
EXERCISE 6: REWRITE SENTENCES BY USING TOO OR ENOUGH :“ ” “ ”
1 The blouse is too small for her to wear
2 It was too dark for me to see the words
3 It was too early for me to tell you once more story
4 My mother is too old to do that work
Trang 95 Daisy is too short to reach the picture.
6 The little girl was too shy to tell me the story
7 The lady was too old to live there by herself
8 They are too busy to help you
9 The children are too late to have good seat
10 The film was too boring to attract us
IV.MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN được giới thiệu bằng :
- AFTER : sau khi
Ex : We will cook dinner after we tidy the house
Chúng tôi sẽ nấu bữa tối sau khi dọn nhà
- BEFORE : khi
Ex : He always finishes his homework before he goes out with his friends
Nó luôn hoàn thành bài tập về nhà trước khi đi chơi với các bạn
- AS : khi
Ex : I saw him as I was coming into the building
Tôi đã nhìn thấy anh ấy khi đang đi vào tòa nhà
- AS SOON AS : ngay khi
Ex : As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong
Ngay khi nhìn thấy cô ấy, tôi đã biết có điều gì đó không ổn rồi
- ONCE : một khi
Ex : Once I've got a job, I'll let you knowMột khi đã tìm được việc, mình sẽ cho bạn biết
- SINCE : từ khi
Ex : Since I met you I couldn't eat drink anything
- WHEN : khi nào, khi mà
Ex : She was only twenty when she had her firt baby-Lúc có đứa con đầu lòng cô mới chỉ 20 tuổi
- WHILE : trong khi
Ex : My husband was cooking dinner while I was watching TV
Chồng tôi nấu bữa ăn trong khi tôi xem ti vi
- UNTIL/ TILL : cho đến khi
Ex I couldn't read until I was six-Mãi đến khi sáu tuổi tôi với biết đọc
- BY THE TIME : đúng giờ hoặcc trước, không muộn hơn
Ex : Byt the time I got to the station the train had already gone
Đúng lúc tôi đến nhà ga thì tàu đã chạy rồi
CH Ý Ú :- Mệnh đề thời gian tuân theo qui tắc thứ tự các thì :
+ Khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, động từ ở mệnh đề thời gian sẽ ở thời hiện tại
Ex : I'll stay in the office until I finish the project
Tôi sẽ ở lại văn phòng cho đến khi hoàn thành dự án
+ Khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở quá khứ, động từ ở mệnh đề thời gian cũng như ở thời quá khứ
Ex : She arrived before the clock struck nin-Cô đến trước khi đồng hồ điểm 9 giờ
- Khi mệnh đề thời gian đứng trước, ta đặt dấu phẩy vào giữa hai mệnh đề Khi mệnh đề chính đứng trước, ta không dùng dấu phẩy
Ex : When he was in Washington, he met the President
Khi ở Washington, ông ta đã gặp ngài tổng thống
He met the President when he was in Washington
Ông ta đã gặp ngài tổng thống khi ở Washington
- Không dùng WILL trong mệnh đề tương lai Thay vào đó, ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn
Ex : I'll tell her that when I see her (không dùng will see) Tôi sẽ bảo cô ấy điều đó khi gặp cô ấy
Trang 10V.MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH
- Để giới thiệu mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề chính
- Được giới thiệu bằng :
+ Động từ nguyên thể có TO
Ex : She went to the market to buy some food- Cô ấy đi chợ để mua một ít đồ ăn
+ SO AS TO/ IN ORDER TO + động từ nguyên thể : để (trong văn phòng trang trọng)
Ex : He studied hard so as to the first-Có học chăm chỉ để là người đứng đầu
+ SO THAT + mệnh đề có CAN/ MAY (cho mục đích ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
Ex : I'll help him so that he can finish early.- Tôi sẽ giúp anh ấy để anh có thể xong sớm
- FOR + danh từ / V- ing
Ex : Let's go out for a meal(Mình cùng đi ra ngoài ăn đi)
A kettle is used for boiling water-Ấm nước dùng để đun nước
- WITH A VIEW TO + V- ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : We are gathered here with a view to reaching a decision
Chúng ta tập trung ở đây với mục đích để đi đến quyết định
- WITH THE AIM/ INTENTION/ OBJECT OF + V-ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : He opened an account with the aim of saving money to buy a car
Anh ấy đã mở một tài khoản với mục đích tiết kiệm tiền để mua ô tô
- FOR THE PURPOSE OF + V-ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : The university introduced two new English courses for the purpose of enhancing studen's
proficiency in the language
Trường đại học đã giới thiệu hai khóa học tiếng Anh mới để nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh của sinh viên
Câu điều kiện ("If" sentence)
A Câu điều kiện loại I (the conditional sentence type I)
1 Cấu trúc
Clause 1 (the simple future) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
2 Cách sử dụng và ví dụ
– Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ: I’ll visit Ho Chi Minh city if I have time
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard
3 Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (might/do +V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
→ để chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: It’s sunny We may get a headache if we go out without a hat
Clause 1 (may/can + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
→ để chỉ sự cho phép
Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test
Clause 1 (must/should + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
→ để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghị
Ví dụ: You must do exercises if you want to get good marks
4 If….not…= Unless
Ví dụ: - I won’t visit you if I don’t have time→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you
- We’ll go camping if the weather is fine
→ Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping
- If you miss seeing the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it
→ Unless you see the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it
Trang 11Chú ý: mệnh đề chứa “unless” không dùng dạng phủ định.
B Câu điều kiện loại II (the conditional sentence type II)
1 Cấu trúc
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
2 Cách sử dụng và ví dụ
– Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ:If it were cold now, we wouldn’t switch on the fans
(but it’s hot and we have to switch on the fans)
I would fly if I were a bird.(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)
Chú ý: Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi, không dùng “was”
3 Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
→ chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried
I could speak French well if I lived in France
C Câu điều kiện loại III (the conditional sentence type III)
b We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully
(but the fact that we didn’t prepare our last lesson carefully and we didn’t get good marks)
3 Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (could have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
→ chỉ sự chủ quan, sự cho phép
Ví dụ:
I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night
Clause 1 (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
→ chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much
D Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp II, III (the mixed conditional sentence type II and III)
1 Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
2 Ví dụ:If I had been born in town, I would like life there
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now
(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)
3 But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III:But for: nếu không có…
Ví dụ:You help me everyday so I can finish my work
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work
She encouraged him and he succeeded
→ But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded
The teacher explained and we understood
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood
E Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện
1 Điều kiện loại I
Trang 12• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu
If he should ring , I will tell him the news
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news
• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
If she comes early, we’ll start
→ Should she come early, we’ll start
2 Điệu kiện loại II
• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu
If I were a bird, I would fly
→ Were I a bird, I would fly
They would answer me if they were here
→ Were they here, they would answer me
• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming
3 Điều kiện loại III
• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:
Had it not been so late, we would have called you
3 Một số loại điều kiện khác không sử dụng mệnh đề if
- Câu điều kiện trái với hiện tại
Without + noun
But for + noun , S+would/could+bare infinitive
Were it not for + noun
- Câu điều kiện trái với quá khứ
Without+noun
But for+noun , S+would/could+have+Pii
Had it not been for+noun
chỉ sự cho phép If he finishes his work, he can go out
- Dùng với “must/should” ở MĐ If you want to gain weight, you must/
Trang 13- Dùng với thì HTHT ở MĐ phụ để
chỉ một hành động được hoàn thành
thì HĐ kia sẽ được tiến hành
If you have finished your lunch, I’ll take you home
Biến thể của loại 1ở MĐ chính
- Dùng với “would like to” ở MĐ phụ If you would like to come, I will get you a ticket for you
- Dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ở MĐ
phụ
He was staying alone in this hotel for
many hours If he were going out with his friends, he would see many
beautiful sights
Dùng
“were” cho mọi chủ ngữ
- Dùng “were + to” ở MĐ phụ để
nhấn mạnh If I were to learn good English, I should go to England
Dùng
“were” cho mọi chủ ngữ
- Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành ở MĐ
phụ để giả sử lại một điều trong QK
có KQ ở HT
If he had taken my advice, he would be
a rich man now
Kết hợp câu ĐK loại 2 và 3
- Đảo ngữ: Ta bỏ “if” và đưa V hoặc
3
- Dùng để giả sử HĐ không có thật
hoặc trái ngược với quá khứ If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport
- Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp
diễn ở MĐ phụ If he hadn’t been wearing a helmet, he would have been seriously injured
- Dùng MĐ chính của câu ĐK loại 2
để giả sử lại một điều trong QK có
- Đảo ngữ: Ta bỏ “if” và đưa V hoặc
trợ ĐT lên trước chủ ngữ
If you had obeyed your parents’
instructions, your marriage would not have happened
Had you obeyed your parents’
instructions, your marriage would not have happened
Trang 14Bài tập 1 về câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If we (to send) an invitation, our friends (to come) to our party
2) He (not/to understand) you if you (to whisper)
3) They (not/to survive) in the desert if they (not/to take) extra water with them
4) If you (to press) CTRL + s, you (to save) the file
5) You (to cross) the Channel if you (to fly) from Paris to London
6) Fred (to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath
7) If Claire (to wear) this dress at the party, our guests (not/to stay) any longer
8) If I (to touch) this snake, my girlfriend (not/to scream)
9) She (to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her
10) I (to remember) you if you (to give) me a photo
I/Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1 I (buy) ……… a car If you (lend) ……… me some money
2 If the book (not be )……… expensive, I (buy) ……… it
4 If that hat (cost) ……… much, I (buy) ……… a small one
5 Unless your brother (drive) ………… more carefully, he (have) ……… accidents
6 If this mistake (make) ……… again, my teacher (get) ……… angry with me
7 I (lend)……… them some money if they (ask) ……… me
8 They (not/let) ……… you in if you (come)……… late
9 If you (not go) ……… away, I (send) ……… for a policeman
10 What ……….we(do)……… if they do not come tomorrow?
11 It’s too bad because Helen isn’t here If she (be) …… here, she (know) ………… what to do
12 Unless you (eat) ……… breakfast, you (get) ……… hungry during class
13 If she (come) ……… late again, she (punish) ………by her boss
14 I (let) ……… you know unless I (find) ……… out what’s happening
15 We (phone) ……… you if we (have)……… time
16 If I (be)………….free on Saturday, I (go) ……… to the mountains
17 She (have) ……… a nervous breakdown if she (go)……… on like this
18 I know I (feel)……… better if I (stop) ……… smoking
19 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come)
……… home, he (have) ……… a lot of presents
20 The kitchen (look)……… better if it (paint) ……….blue
21 If you (not be) ……… so busy, I (show) ……… you how to play
22 It (be) ……… quicker if you (use) ……… a computer
23 If we (have) ……… some eggs, I (make) ……… you a cake
24 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……… this one
25 She (be) ……… angry if she (hear) ……… this tomorrow
26 Unless you (be)……… more careful, you (have) ……… an accident
27 If you (like)………, I (get) ……… you a job in this company
II/ Viết lại câu
1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam
=> Unless……… ………
2 She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam If……… ………
3 He will pay me today and I will have enough money to buy a car
=> If……… ………
Trang 154 He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If………
5 She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If……… ………
6 I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If……… ………
7 He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => Unless……… ………
8 We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If……… ………
9 Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => Unless………
10 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If……… ………
11 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now => If I………… ………
12 It hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.=> But for……….………
13 If you want my advice,I would’t buy it.=>If I ………… ………
14 I only come if they invite me => Unless………
15 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam => If he……… ………
16 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study => But for………
17 The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.= > If you walk………
18 In case it rain, we’ll stay at home =>If it ………
19 Let me give you my advice You should cut down on smoking right now => If I ………
20 Leave me alone or I’ll call the police 21 You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you => Unless………
22 Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once > If……… ………
Bài tập 2: Câu điều kiện loại 2
1) If you (to help) your grandma, I (to do) the shopping
2) Andrew (to water) the flowers if he (to stay) at home
3) If she (to have) 5 pounds more, she (to buy) herself this T-shirt
4) If they (to offer) me the job, I (to take) it
5) You (to have) summer holidays from June till August if you (to live) in the USA
6) We (to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron (to repair) it
7) If you (to use) a pencil, the drawing (to be) perfect
8) The children (to be) happy if he (to teach) them English
9) If Ireen (to visit) us, we (to go) out tonight
10) They (to come) again if he (to plan) a second stay
Bài tập 3: Câu điều kiện loại 3
1) If you (to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert
2) If it (not/to rain), the children (to play) outside
3) If my parents (not/to be) so tired, they (to watch) the film on TV
Trang 164) If she (to buy) a new hard disk, she (not/to lose) all data.
5) If we (to use) the town map, we (not/to get) lost
6) If Tom (to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold
7) If the police (not/to stop) me, I (to reach) you in time
8) If his older brother (not/to drive) so fast, he (not/to crash) into the other car.9) If Fred (not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher (not/to phone) his father
10) If I (not/to switch off) the radio, I (to know) about the second goal
Bài tập 4 : Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3
1) If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time
2) Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you
5) Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly
6) You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework
7) If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold
8) The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button
9) If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions
10) I (to call) the office if I were you
1 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car
A has /will buy B have / would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy
2 If I ………you, I ……….do that
A am/ will B were /would C were/ will D had been/ would
3 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it
A take B will take C would take D would have taken
4 I would be very surprised if he………
A refuses B refused C had refused D would refuse
5 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down
6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money
7 They would be disappointed if we………
A hadn’t come B wouldn’t come C don’t come D didn’t come
8 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?
9 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring
10 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened
a would walk b walks c had walked d walked
11 What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?
a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go
12 We‘ll get wet if we ………….out
13 If I go shopping, I ………some food
14 If I find it, I ………you
a will tell b would tell c had told d told
15 What would you do if you………a million dollars?
16 They‘d be hurt if I ………
a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go
17 If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early
Trang 17a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive.
18 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you
19 If I …………., I would have said hello
20 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired
a will go b went c would have gone d would go
21 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures
22 You won’t pass the examination………you study more
23 If only I …………, you wanted to invest money in business
24 If I were to leave my country , I ………disappointed
a probably be b would have been c will be d would be
25 If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he……….in his examination
a would fail b wouldn’t fail c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail
26 If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress
a had made b would have made c made d would make
27 If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England
28 If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning
29 If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it
30 If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English
a will go b should go c would go d should have go to
CHIA ĐỘNG TỰ
31 If I (know)………that you were ill, I (go)……… to see you
32 If she'd had enough money, She (buy)……… a car
33 I (buy) ……… a car If you lend me some money
34 I (see) ………him if I (go) ……… to the party last night
35 We could have gone out if the weather (not be)…………so bad
36 If the book (not be )……… expensive, I'll buy it
37 You would be very surprised if he (return)………
38 I'll go out if it (not rain)………
39 They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) ………them
40 What ………you (do) ……… if you (be) ………… him?
41 If that hat costs much, I (buy) ……… a small one
42 If you (drive) ……….more carefully, you (have) ………so many accidents
43 If I (make) …… that mistake again, my teacher (get) ……… angry with me
44 If I spoke English, my job (be) ……… a lot easier
45 If he (go) …… to London yesterday, he ( meet) ………… his old friend
46 I will lend them some money if they (ask)……… me
47 If we had known who he was, we (invite) …… him to speak at our meeting
48 My dog (bark) ……… if it (hear) ……… any strange sound
49 If I (have) ……… enough money, I would buy a house
50 They (not/let) ……… you in if you (come) late
51 If you (not go) ………… away, I (send) ……… for a policeman
Trang 1852 If I (be) ………… in your place, I (accept) … ……… Mr Anderson’s invitation
53 If I (win) ……… a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job
54 If I (be) ……… you, I (tell) ……… the truth
55 I was busy If I (have) ……… free time I (go) ……… to the cinema with
you
56 Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
- Oh, I did not know If I (know)……… I (come) ………… there
57 What ……….we (do)………? if they do not come tomorrow?
58 If I had enough time now, I (write) ……… to my parents
59 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be)… here, she (know) ……….what to do
60 If I (eat) ……… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ……… hungry during class
61 If she (come) ……… late again, she (lose) ………her job
62 I (let) ………… you know if I (find) ……… out what’s happening
63 If we (live) ……… in a town, life would be better
64 I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive) ……… early
65 We (phone) ……… you if we have time
66 If I won the lottery, I (give) ……… you half the money
67 It (be) ……… a pity if she married Fred
68 If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ……… to the mountains
69 She (have) ……… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this
70 I know I (feel) better if I (stop) ……… smoking
71 If I (be) ……… you, I (help) ……… him
72 I (understand)……… him if he (speak) ………… more slowly
73 He didn’t listen to the teacher If he (listen) ………… carefully, he (perform) ………
well in the examination
74 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come) ………
home, he (have) ……… a lot of presents
75 He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t If he (afford)……… ……… to
buy, his children (be) ……… very happy to greet a new year
76 The kitchen will look better if we (have) ……… red curtains
77 If I knew his address, I (go) ……… round and see him
78 If you (not be) ………so busy, I (show) ……… you how to play
79 It (be) ……… quicker if you (use) a computer
80 If we (have) ……… some eggs, I (make) ……… you a cake
81 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……… this one
82 She (be) ……… angry if she (hear) ……… this tomorrow
83 Unless you are more careful, you (have) ………an accident
84 If you (like), I (get) ……… you a job in this company
85 If grandmother (be) ……5 years younger, she (play) ……… some games
86 If he sun (stop) ………… shinning, there (be) ………… no light on earth
87 If I (be) ……… a millionaire, I (live) ……… on Mars
Bài tập 7: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
Trang 195 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
8 In case it rains, we’ll stay at home–> If it………
Rewrite sentences (viết lại câu)
1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam
Trang 20PHRASAL VERB
Ghi chú:
A
• s.o là viết tắt của someone (người nào đó)
• s.th là viết tắt của something (cái gì đó)
• one’s: của một ai đó (his, her, my, their, its, our…tùy theo ngữ cảnh của câu)
B
• Beat one’s self up: tự trách mình (khi dùng, thay one’s self bằng mysel, yourself, himself, herself…)
• Break down: bị hư
• Break in: đột nhập vào nhà
• Break up with s.o: chia tay người yêu, cắt đứt quan hệ tình cảm với ai đó
• Bring s.th up: đề cập chuyện gì đó
• Bring s.o up: nuôi nấng (con cái)
• Brush up on s.th: ôn lại
C
• Call for sth: cần cái gì đó; Call for s.o : kêu người nào đó, cho gọi ai đó, yêu cầu gặp ai đó
• Carry out: thực hiện (kế hoạch)
• Catch up with s.o: theo kịp ai đó
• Check in: làm thủ tục vào khách sạn
• Check out: làm thủ tục ra khách sạn
• Check sth out: tìm hiểu, khám phá cái gì đó
• Clean s.th up: lau chùi
• Come across as: có vẻ (chủ ngữ là người)
• Come off: tróc ra, sút ra
• 10 Come up against s.th: đối mặt với cái gì đó
• 11 Come up with: nghĩ ra
• 12 Cook up a story: bịa đặt ra 1 câu chuyện
• 13 Cool down: làm mát đi, bớt nóng, bình tĩnh lại (chủ ngữ có thể là người hoặc vật)
• 14 Count on s.o: tin cậy vào người nào đó
• 15 Cut down on s.th: cắt giảm cái gì đó
• 16 Cut off: cắt lìa, cắt trợ giúp tài chính
D
• Do away with s.th: bỏ cái gì đó đi không sử dụng cái gì đó
• Do without s.th: chấp nhận không có cái gì đó
• Dress up: ăn mặc đẹp
• Drop by: ghé qua
• Drop s.o off: thả ai xuống xe
• Get along/get along with s.o: hợp nhau/hợp với ai
• Get in: đi vào Get off: xuống xe
• Get on with s.o: hòa hợp, thuận với ai đó Get out: cút ra ngoài
• Get rid of s.th: bỏ cái gì đó Get up: thức dậy
• Give up s.th: từ bỏ cái gì đó Go around: đi vòng vòng
• Go down: giảm, đi xuống Go off: reo, nổ (chủ ngữ thường là chuông, bom)
Trang 21• Go on: tiếp tục Go out: đi ra ngoài, đi chơi
• Go up: tăng, đi lên Grow up: lớn lên
H
• Help s.o out: giúp đỡ ai đó
• Hold on: đợi tí
K
• Keep on doing s.th: tiếp tục làm gì đó
• Keep up sth: hãy tiếp tục phát huy
L
• Let s.o down: làm ai đó thất vọng
• Look after s.o: chăm sóc ai đó
• Look around: nhìn xung quanh
• Look at sth: nhìn cái gì đó
• Look down on s.o: khinh thường ai đó
• Look for s.o/s.th: tìm kiếm ai đó/ cái gì đó
• Look forward to something/Look forward to doing something: mong mỏi tới sự kiện nào đó
• Look into sth: nghiên cứu cái gì đó, xem xét cái gì đó
• Look sth up: tra nghĩa của cái từ gì đó
• 10 Look up to s.o: kính trọng, ngưỡng mộ ai đó
M
• Make s.th up: chế ra, bịa đặt ra cái gì đó
• Make up one’s mind: quyết định
• Move on to s.th: chuyển tiếp sang cái gì đó
P
• Pick s.o up: đón ai đó
• Pick s.th up: lượm cái gì đó lên
• Put s.o down: hạ thấp ai đó
• Put s.o off: làm ai đó mất hứng, không vui
• Put s.th off: trì hoãn việc gì đó
• Put s.th on: mặc cái gì đó vào
• Put sth away: cất cái gì đó đi
• Put up with s.o/ s.th: chịu đựng ai đó/ cái gì đó
• Run into s.th/ s.o: vô tình gặp được cái gì / ai đó
• 10 Run out of s.th: hết cái gì đó
S
• Set s.o up: gài tội ai đó
• Set up s.th: thiết lập, thành lập cái gì đó
• Settle down: ổn định cuộc sống tại một chỗ nào đó
• Show off: khoe khoang
• Show up: xuất hiện Slow down: chậm lại
• Speed up: tăng tốc Stand for: viết tắt cho chữ gì đó
T
• Take away (take sth away from s.o): lấy đi cái gì đó của ai đó
• Take off: cất cánh (chủ ngữ là máy bay), trở nên thịnh hành, được ưa chuộng (chủ ngữ là ý tưởng, sản phẩm )
• Take s.th off: cởi cái gì đó
• Take up: bắt đầu làm một họat động mới (thể thao, sở thích,môn học)
• Talk s.o in to s.th: dụ ai làm cái gì đó
• Tell s.o off: la rầy ai đó Turn around: quay đầu lại
• Turn down: vặn nhỏ lại
Trang 22• Turn off: tắt Turn on: mở
• Turn sth/s.o down: từ chối cái gì/ai đó
• Turn up: vặn lớn lên
W
• Wake up: (tự) thức dậy Wake s.o up: đánh thức ai dậy Warm up: khởi động
• Wear out: mòn, làm mòn (chủ ngữ là người thì có nghĩa là làm mòn, chủ ngữ là đồ vật thì có nghĩa là bị mòn)
• Work out: tập thể dục, có kết quả tốt đẹp
• Work s.th out: suy ra được cái gì đó
Phrasal verbs
SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS (MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP)
1 catch up / catch up with : bắt kịp , theo kịp
2 cool off ( nhiệt tình ) nguội lạnh đi , giảm đi
3 fall behind : thụt lui , tụt lại đằng sau
4 fill in : điền vào , ghi vào
5 get over : vượt qua, khắc phục = recover from
6 get up : thức dậy
7 give in : nhượng bộ , chịu thua
8 give up = stop : từ bỏ , bỏ
9 go away : biến mất , tan đi
10 go in : vào , đi vào
11 go off ( chuông ) : reo , ( súng , bom ) : nổ , ( sữa ) : chua, hỏng , ( thức ăn ) : ươn, thối , ( đèn ) tắt , (
máy móc ) : hư = explore
12 go on = continue : tiếp tục ** go over : xem xét
13 go out ( ánh sáng , lửa , đèn ) : tắt
14 go up : lớn lên , trưởng thành = grow up , ( giá cả) : tăng lên
15 go down : (giá cả) : giảm xuống
16 go after : theo đuổi
17 go by ( thời gian ) : trôi qua
18 hold up = stop =delay : hoãn lại , ngừng
19 hurry up : làm gấp
20 keep up with : theo kịp , bắt kịp
21 lie down : nằm nghỉ
22 look after : chăm sóc
23 look up : tìm , tra cứu ( trong sách , từ điển )
24 look for : tìm kiếm
25 put on : mặc ( quần áo ) , mang ( giày ) , đội ( mũ) , mở ( đèn )
26 speak up : nói to , nói thẳng
27 take after = resemble : giống
28 take off : cởi ( quần áo , giày , mũ ) ; (máy bay) cất cánh
-turn off : khóa , tắt ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
Trang 2330 turn round : quay lại , thay đổi hướng
31 try on : mặc thử ( quần áo)
33 turn on : mở ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
34.turn up : đến = arrive = appear ( xuất hiện )
35.wait up ( for ) : thức đợi ai
36 wash up : rửa bát đĩa
37.watch out : đề phòng , chú ý
38 Put off= delay/ pospone
39.look out = be careful
40 look at : nhìn
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct particle.
1 Billy spent fifteen minutes looking _his geography book
2 During the day, Susie Smith listened the radio while she worked in the house
3 She borrowed some sugar _her neighbor
4 At school, the children laughed a funny story
5 Mary lent her red pencil _a classmate
6 During class Billy dreamed _-going outside and playing
7 This reading book belongs Mary
8 At work, Dick Smith asked his boss _a raise
9 Susie waited the children to come home from school
10 then Susie helped them their homework
11 During dinner, the family members talked _their day
12 Mrs Smith almost always agrees _ Mr Smith
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct particle.
1 I threw _ my mother ‘s letter by accident
2 please think my suggestion _and give me your opinion
3 I can’t figure the answer to this match problem
4 These days it’s really hard to bring kids
5 I need to drop _a package at the post office
6 Every day, Mrs Smith pick her children at the bus stop
7 We tried a new computer system, but we didn’t like it
8 I call my mother _every Sunday
9 The noise from the birds woke Mr Smith at 5:00 A.M
10 Let’s talk _your idea with the boss
* take off có nghĩa khác khi nó là inseparable phrasal verb ; the plane took off at 2:00 A.M yesterday
Exercise 5: Circle the correct answer in each sentence below
1 when I’m at the beach, I enjoy looking(over/ at /like ) the birds and the waves
2 I don’t know the answer to your question However, I will look ( at/ into/ after ) it and give you an answer tomorrow
3 The bathtub is full Turn (off/ down/ up ) the water
4 I made a lot of mistakes in my composition I need to go (through/ over to / over) them with
my teacher
5 My sister and I are good friends I get ( along with/ together with/ through with) her very well
6 After Mr Smith washes the dishes, he puts ( them away/ them on/ up with them)
7 When Mr and Mrs Broder go out for the evening , their neighbor takes ( out/ off / care of) their baby girl
8 Suzy’s toys are all over the floor Now she has to pick them (out / up/ on)
9 Last week Joe was sick, so he had to take a couple of days (out /off / in) from work
10 Last year I had a bad car accident, and I spent two weeks in the hospital It was a terrible experience, and I hope I never go (over/ through/ for ) anything like it again
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Trang 24UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
I ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
Choose the correct form:
1.- I heard Daniel isn’t very ………….(good/ well)
- Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ……… (badly/ bad)
2 – There was a ……….(terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’t there?
- Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was …………(serious/ seriously) injured
3 - The weather was so ……….awful/ awfully) yesterday
- yes, it was raining quite ……… (heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day
4 You haven’t cleaned the floor ………….(proper/ properly) It still …………(dirty/ dirtily)
Oh,sorry I is still………… (dirty/ dirtily)
5 You didn’t look very ……….(happy/ happily) last night
Well, I was disappointed that I did so ……… (bad/ badly) in the exam
6 – Can you remember what happen?
- I can’t remember …….(clear/ clearly).It all happened so ………(sudden/ suddenly)
7 Don’t go up that ladder It doesn’t look ……….(safe/ safely)
- Don’t worry I’ll climb …………(careful/ carefully)
8 Did you go to Sally’s birthday party?
- Yes, It was really a ……… (cheerful/ cheerfully) party Everybody at the party was
…… (colorful/ colorfully) dressed
9 – Why do you look so … (nervous/ nervously)?
- Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he looked at me …… (angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him
10 – Have you seen Richard ……… (recent/ recently)?
- yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago He seemed very (unhappy/ unhappily)
He smiled ………… (sad/ sadly) at me when he saw me
11 I am staying in a very (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a (nicely/ nice) beach Unfortunately, it has been very (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is very (expensive/ expensively)
12 Another problem is that the chief cooks (badly/ bad) The food is not (delicious/
deliciously) and I have been (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had (great/ greatly) difficulty in finding anything (suitable/ suitably) on the menu
13 However, I have been very impressed by the (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and the (kind/ kindly) people It is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always do when I’m not (fully/ full) occupied Sometimes I feel (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the day and have a (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very (thankfully/ thankful )for
Unfortunately, I sleep quite (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me snore (terribly/ terrible)
14 Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday The driver beach will (probable/ probably) take me two or three days as long as the traffic isn’t too (bad/ badly) I’ll get in touch (immediately/ immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for the meal
2 Put in the adverbs:
1 Emma’s toothache was terrible Emma’s tooth ached ………
2 Henry was angry Henry shouted ………
3 I’m happy sitting here I can sit here ………
4 He was very thoughtful standing there He stood there
………
5 The children seemed cheerful The children played ………
6 The switch is automatic The machine switches itself off
………
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Trang 257 James is very good at speaking English James speaks English
………
8 The debate should be public We need to debate the matter ………
9 She was charming She walked ……… In front of the audience
10 Everyone was enthusiastic Everyone discussed the idea ………
11 The man had a soft voice The man spoke ………
12 Claire wears expensive clothes Claire dresses ………
13 The runners made a low start They started the race ………
14 The building has to be secure Did you lock all the doors ………
15 I had a strange dream last night I dreamed ………
II ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON: BECAUSE, SINCE, AS:
A Because/ As/ Since + Clause :
- We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring
B Because of + noun/ noun phrase:
- We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather
C Exercices:
1 Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE:
0 I’m going to the post office I have some postcards to send
-> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send
1 Jane was worried She stayed at home alone
2 Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF :
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter ……… the wrong address
2 We have to cut down on our driving ……….there is an oil shortage
3 Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped ……… the bad weather
4 They visited their friends often ……….they enjoyed their company
5 Paul could not go to the football game ………his illness
6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship ………her superior ability
7 Nobody ventured outdoors ………the hurricane warnings
8 We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains……….the air is purer there
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Trang 269 We have to drive around the bay ………the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10 The chickens have died ……… the intense heat
3.Join the following pairs of sentences using because and because of:
1 He didn’t go to school It was raining
-> He didn’t go to school because it was raining
-> He didn’t go to school because of the rain
2 The student arrived late There was a traffic jam
III ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE : S + BE + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE (S + V)
- I / am/ disappointed / that you failed the exam
1 Combine these sentences using Adj + that clause :
0 He is worried His business is not going well
-> He is worried that his business is not going well
1 We were disappointed She didn’t keep her promise
V USES OF ENGLISH: Choose and underline the correct answers:
1 If you know where she lives, please let me ………….(know/ knew/ known/ to know)
2 Unless you understand, I ……… (a/ was/ will/ would) explain it again to you
3 The air in the city is very ……….(pollute/ pollution/ polluted/ pollutant)
4 The accident happened because of driving………(careful/ carefully/ careless/
carelessly)
5 he is going to ……… (collect/ collection/ collective/ collector) all the bags
6 If they ……….(are/ were/ have/ had) pupils, they must wear uniform
7 She was …………(happy/ happily/ unhappy/ unhappily) because of her bad result
8 She has ………… (kind/ kindly/ kindness/ unkind) provided a picnic lunch fo us
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Trang 279 We ………(won’t buy/ wouldn’t buy/ haven’t bought/ didn’t buy) this car if it is
expensive
10 if he careful, he ……… (will/ would/ could/ must) get good marks
11 This newspaper is (publishing/ published/ to publish/ publish)everyday It’s a daily
newspaper
12 he shouted and looked ………(angry/ angrier/ angrily/ anger) at me when I broke the vase
13 he is tired now ……….(so/ because/ but/ and) he stayed up late watching TV
14 We are talking about the preservation of …………(natural/ naturally/ nature/ naturalize) resources
15 We’ll make this beach clean and ……… (beauty/ beautify/ beautiful/ beautifully) again
16 She sings very ……… (beauty/ beautify/ beautiful/ beautifully)
17 If the …………(pollution/ pollute/ polluted/ pollute) continues, what will happen?
18 If it …………(doesn’t rain/ didn’t rain/ hadn’t rain/ won’t rain), we’ll go to the movies
19 A large number of inhabitants have made ………(suggest/ suggestion/ suggested/ to suggest) on how to protect the environment
20 Be ……….(care/ careful/ carefully/ carelessly)! He is looking at you
21 it is our policy to ……… (protect/ protecting/ to protect/ protected) forest and
environment
22 Everyone must take part in …… (prevent/ preventing/ to prevent/ prevented) deforestation
23 I suggest ……… (go/ to go/ going/ went) to the movies
24 They made their living by ……….(catch/ catching/ to catch/ caught) fish in the ocean every day
25 If you like this book, I will give it …… (for/ from/ at/ to) you as my present
26 I was very ………….(amaze/ amazed/ amazing/ amazement) that you won the first prize
27 If you have …………(a lot of/ many/ lot of/ a lots) money, you can travel abroad this
summer
28 If you are a student, you can get a discount ………….(on/ in/ at/ for) books
29 I won’t go unless you ……….(to pay/ paid/ paying/ pay) me the money back
30 We stayed at home ………(because/ and/ but/ so) it rained heavily
31 ……….(Pure/ Polluted/ Dust/ Pleasant) air is one of the many problems we have to solve
32 I’ll be in trouble if I ………(lose/ will lose/ lost/ would lose) my passport
33 We can eat at home or, ……… (when/ whether/ if/ which) you prefer, we can go to a
restaurant
34 If it is raining this evening, I …………(will go out/ don’t go out/ go out/ won’t go out)
35 Minh’s English is excellent He speaks ………….(perfectly English/ English perfectly/
perfect English/ English perfect)
36 I’m disappointed …….(that/ when/ if/ how) people have spoiled this area
37 He ………(hardly tried/ tried hardly/ hard tried/ tried hard) to find a job but he had no luck
38 We couldn’t go on a picnic as planned …… (however/ but/ because/ so) it was raining hard
VI READING COMPREHENSION:
1
Complete the passage with the words provided There is one extra word that you do not need to use: down – air – quickly – about – save – dirty – important – pollute – grow.
We are all destroying the Earth The seas and rivers are too (1)……… to swim in There
is so much smoke in the (2)………that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars (3)………the air so much that policemen have to wear oxygen masks We have to cut (4)……….so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot (5)………enough to eat In certain countries in Asia there is so little rice Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside Wild animals are (6)
……… disappearing For instance, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive However, it isn’t so simple to talk(7)………
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Trang 28the problem We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it Join us now (8)
………the Earth
2 Read the text, then decide True or False:
The environment is everything around us, both natural and made by man A major problem in the world today is the destruction of the natural environment This is a complicated problem We burn fuel, and this causes air pollution We throw away plastic bags, containing toys and other subjects These stay in the environment; they are not like paper or wood that slowly disappear We have made thousands of new chemicals Factories that make or use chemicals always have
chemical wastes These are often poisonous and they also stay in the environment Since 1945 several countries have been testing nuclear bombs in the air and underground The explosions in the air cause nuclear fallout The fallout causes cancer and kills animals and people Nuclear power plants that make electricity also produce dangerous wastes and have accidents that can be very disastrous
a Many big cities are facing serious air pollution………
b This is a simple problem ………
c Nuclear bombs were first tested in 1945………
d A nuclear bomb causes a terrible destruction………
VII Rewrite these sentences by using because “ ”
1 He couldn’t meet you because of being busy
VIII Rewrite these sentences by using because“ of”
1 She can’t work hard because she is very old
VI Rewrite these following sentences keep meaning as the root one
1 John smoked a lot a year ago ,but now he doesn’t smoke any more
->John used……….………
2 It’s time for you to go to school
-> It’s time you……….………
3 How long is It since you saw Tom?
-> When……….………
4 please keep silent in the classroom
-> I’d rather you……….………
5 He can’t pass the examination.-> He wishes……….………
6 We can’t go out because of heavy rain
-> We wish……….………
7 I don’t like you to come to class late.> I’d rather you………
………
8 What a pity! He can’t come here.->I wish……….………
9 They often go to Vung Tau at the weekens
->They used ……….………
10 I’m sorry I can’t help you.-> I wish……….………
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Trang 2911 We have learnt english for 4 years.
15 How long have you learnt french?
-> How long ago……….………
V Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences.
1 He is very tired He has to finish his home work.( but)
VI Rewrite the sentences with the provided words keep meaning as the root one.
1 Peter is too young to see the horror film.-> Peter is not……….………
2 Remember to turn off the light before going out
5 Hoa is older than Nien.-> Nien is……….………
VII Conditional Sentences rewrite the sentences with if
You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me
Trang 301 I told a joke Nobody laughed.
IX Put the verbs in the right tense or form
1 If he (learn) to drive, he would be able to drive his car
2 They will lose their way if they (not have) _ a map
3 If the students (attend) _ Quang Trung school, they have to wear uniform
4 Frogs and toads (die) a lot if people continue to use electricity to catch fish
5 If Lan (not have) a bicycle, she will not go camping with us
6 His father would buy that house if it (not be) expensive
7 If students do not throw plastic bags anymore, our school yard (clean) _
8 I would do the test in five minutes if it (not be) difficult
UNIT 7.SAVING ENERGY.
I Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently
from the rest.
3 A environment B idea C condition D pesticide
II Choose the words that has a different stress pattern from the others.
2 A account B conserve C install D faucet
3 A energy B natural C appliance D furniture
4 A category B necessity C ordinary D profitable
III Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1 She asked “Will it rain tonight?” In reported speech, this should be read _
A She asked me would it rain tonight B She asked me it would rain that night
C She asked me if it would rain tonight D She asked me if it would rain that night
2 Do you happen to know _ ?A what his name B what his name is
C what is his name D what was his name
3 The teacher told his students _ the mistakes again
A not make B not to make C don’t make D won’t make
4 Besides in – class assignments, our teacher often gives some _ for us to do at home
A housework B class work C homework D teamwork
5 Jack has a good memory He can learn these vocabulary items _ easily
6 It’s difficult to remember these grammar rules ~ Oh, try to do all _ exercises in this
grammar book.A learning B studying C working D grammar
7 Use a _ to check up the words you want to know about
A book B magazine C dictionary D newspaper
8 What time does your English class _ and end?
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Trang 31A start B open C leave D get
9 First we have to pass the written _, then we take the oral exam
10 I like learning languages I want _ an extensive course of English
11 I think we can practice our listening and speaking skills by _
A joining an English speaking club B watching English programs
C speaking English with friends D All are correct
12 Do you happen to know the name of the _?
13 Ofcourse as a student I want _ all the exams.A to pass B to fail C to get D to do
14 What _ of learning English do you find most difficult? Is it grammar rules or
speaking? A type B form C kind D aspect
15 My sister hair isn't _ A fast B curly C slim D sociable
16 He likes telling jokes He has a sense of _.A orphan B neighbor C volunteer D humor
17 Everybody loves him because of his good A character B person C member D public
18 The sun _ in the east A rise B rises C roseD risen
19 My friends prefer _ outside the classroom
20 Each of us different character.A have B has C have had D had
21 Are you _ lift the table
A enough strong to B strong enough to C too strong to D too strong
22 What is your Dad _? A look like B alike C like D likely
23 Most of us spend time sports in summer.A play B to play C playing D played
24 My pen-friends love the countryside.A in B at C on D from
25 Lan introduces her Mom new friends A with B of C to D in
26 She'll be here Christmas A at B on C in D during
27.I suggest that you work harder on your pronunciation
28.I suggest using energy-saving bulb our electricity bill
29.The coast can expect thunderstorm
A.central- south B.south-central C.center south D.south middle
30.Trang has just won the first prize in the contest
A.speaking-English B English speaking C English spoken D spoken English
31 I got up late in the morning because my a larm clock didn’t
32.Solar panels on the roof of a house to receive the energy from the sun
A.is put B.is installed C.are putting D.are installed32.Energy-saving bulbs should be used electricity
33.Mrs Mi suggests showers to save water
A.making B.take C.make D.taking
34 That ’s wonderful I’m pleased _33.Mrs Mi suggests showers to save water
A.making B.take C.make D.taking
34 That ’s wonderful I’m pleased you are working hard
A.with B.that C.what D.where
35 He dedicates all his life to the environment
A protecting B protected C making D taking
36 If we pollute the water, we will have no water to use A hot B coldC coolD fresh
37 We want people to be aware problem of pollution
38 If you _ find your place, I will help you get there with this map
31
Trang 32.A can’t B can C couldn’tD could
39 We couldn’t keep cleaning the beach because it started to rain
you are working hard A.with B.that C.what D.where
35 He dedicates all his life to the environment
A protecting B protected C making D taking
36 If we pollute the water, we will have no water to use
A hot B coldC coolD fresh
37 We want people to be aware problem of pollution
38 If you _ find your place, I will help you get there with this map
.A can’t B can C couldn’tD could
39 We couldn’t keep cleaning the beach because it started to rain
40.He denied her last night A meet B to meet C meting D meeting
41.There are many which internet users have to suffer
42 Let’s go to the cinema, ?A don’t we B don’t they C do we D shall we
43 Oh dear ! How our household bills are ! We can’t pay them
44 In winter, heating _ for 50 percent of our electricity bill
45 Energy can be collected by solar on cloudy days
46 If we don’t find _ sources of power, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the near
future.A effective B efficient C natural D alternative
47 We want to use solar energy, it cannot be used on cloudy days
48 Are wind power _ solar power new kinds of energy for future use ?
49 He is always broke, He can afford neither luxuries basic necessities
50 Her husband bought not only two energy-saving light bulbs but _ one cheawashing machine
last Sunday A also B too C as well D some
IV Complete the sentence with the one word given below One word can be used for
more than one sentence: for/ up/ after/ on/ off/ away/ in
1 Who’s going to look the children while you’re away?
2 “Turn the TV for me, will you? I want to watch the cartoon
3 She’s looked her keys everywhere
4 Turn the radio I’m working
5 If we go littering, the environment will become seriously polluted
6 Don’t throw these newspapers
7 Could you fill this form?
8 Don’t wake the baby Let him sleep
9 Don’t believe her She’s just made the story
10 Susan took her coat and put it on the sofa
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Trang 33V Fill in the blanks with proper words, then answer the following question s.
power – effective – nuclear – advanced – pollutionheat – stored – electricity – energy - panelsAre you looking for a cheap, clean, (1) source of power that doesn’t cause
(2) or waste natural resources? Look no further than solar (3) from our Sun
At present, most of our (4) comes from the use of coal and gas, oil or (5)
power This power could be provided by the Sun one percent of the solar energy
that reaches the Earth is enough to provide (6) for the total population
Many countries are already using solar energy Solar (7) are placed on the
roofs of a house and the Sun’s energy is used to (8) water The energy can be (9)
for a number of days, so on cloudy days you can use solar energy, too
Sweden has an (10) solar energy program There, all buildings will be heated
by solar energy and cars will use solar power instead of gas by the year 2015
1) Is the solar energy an efficient source of power?
……….2) Where are the solar panels placed?
……….3) How long can the energy be stored?
……….4) Is the solar energy used in Vietnam now?
………
VI Each sentence has a mistake indentify and correct it.
1 If only we had a bigger house we can invite our friends to stay
2 It took me so many time to learn this lesson
3 They listened to their teacher carefully, as they understood the lesson easily
4 The boy broke the window when he is playing football with his friends
5 Peter and John plays badminton every Saturday with Maria and me
6 She wishes he will stop interrupting her whenever she speaks
7 Digital flat televisions are too expensive for we to buy at this time
8 I haven’t seen my grandparents since a quarter of a year
9 Your friends went to your native village last weekend, weren’t they?
10 Nam asked Mai what he can do to help her
VII- Finish the second sentences so that it has the same meaning with the first one :
1 She planted that tree five years ago.That tree
2 My family has someone water the roses every day
My family has the
3 He’s going to have his room redecorated with some new furniture
He’s going to ask
4 Shall we use gas instead of burning coal?
Trang 34 The Internet……….
VIII Put in the correct word forms
1 There has been a……… (reduce) of 10% in the amount of the money
available for buying the new books
2 The alpine ……….(land) is very dramatic
3 Women who are slimming can never enjoy a meal without being afraid of
……… (organize) their diet
4 She always listens ………(attention) to what she is told
5 He was……… (information) of the consequences in advance
6 The professor explained his ideas with great ………(clear)
7 The cost of the……… (carry) must be repaired by the buyer
8 His health was seriously affected and he suffered from constantly……… (sleep)
9 In ancient Greece, the owl was a symbol of……… (wise)
10 The judge told him it was……… (responsible) to drink and drive, and banned
him for a year
VI- Choose the correct connectives in brackets:
1- I opened the door looked out (And / but)
2- I arrived 20 minutes early; I had time for a cup of tea (So / because)
3- We looked everywhere , we could not find the keys.(However /Therefore)
4- The bus fare is expensive , I prefer to walk (However / Therefore)
5- There were many people at the concert, we couldn’t get seats.(so / however)
6- I read the book, did not understand it (But / or)
7- We had to wait we arrived early (Because / so)
8- I would like to go swimming , I have too much work to do.(However / Therefore) 9- I go for a walk the sun is shining (Because / so)
10- Do you know his address ? Telephone number?
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Trang 35UNIT 8 CELEBRATIONS
ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I Định nghĩa- Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại
từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay các trạng từ quan hệ như (where, when, why) Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay đằng sau danh từ, đại từ trong mệnh đề chính để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy,phân biệt danh từ đại từ ấy với các danh từ đại từ khác Chức năng của nó giống như một tính từ do vậy nó còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ
II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1 Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để
làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau who là một động từ
Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father ->That is the boy who helped me
to find your house
2 Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để
làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau whom là một chủ ngữ
Eg: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom
3 Which:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó
-Theo sau which có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ
Eg: This is the book I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best
The hat is red It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine
-Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta có thể lược bỏ which
Eg: This is the book I like best The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very
beautiful
4 That: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who,
Whom, Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định)Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom
My father is the person that I admire most
I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park
5.Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu Whose cũng được
dùng cho of which
-Theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ
Eg: The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday
=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom
John found a cat Its leg was broken
John found a cat whose leg was broken
III CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
1 When: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho
at, on, in + which, then
Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which)
I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which)
That was the time when he managed the company (= at which)
2 Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there)
Eg: That is the house where we used to live (= in which)
Do you know the country where I was born?
Hanoi is the place where I like to come
3 Why: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for
the reason”
Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which)
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