Cuốn sách cung cấp thông tin về entropy, enthapy, và một số số liệu nhiệt động của rất nhiều những hợp chất, kim loại, ion,... Đây là cuốn sách nước ngoài rất hay và bổ ích cho các bạn THPT đang học theo chương trình chuyên cũng như những bạn đại học đang theo các ngành hóa học, đặc biệt là hóa lí.
CODATA KEY VALUES FOR THERMODYNAMICS The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) has conducted a project to establish internationally agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances This table presents the final results of the project Use of these recommended, internally consistent values is encouraged in the analysis of thermodynamic measurements, data reduction, and preparation of other thermodynamic tables The table includes the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, the entropy at 298.15 K, and the quantity H° (298.15 K)–H° (0) A value of in the ∆fH° column for an element indicates the reference state for that element The standard state pressure is 100000 Pa (1 bar) See the reference for information on the dependence of gas-phase entropy on the choice of standard state pressure Substances are listed in alphabetical order of their chemical formulas when written in the most common form The table is reprinted with permission of CODATA REFERENCE Cox, J D., Wagman, D D., and Medvedev, V A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989 Substance Ag Ag Ag+ AgCl Al Al Al+3 AlF3 Al2O3 Ar B B BF3 B2O3 Be Be BeO Br BrBr2 Br2 C C CO CO2 CO2 CO3-2 Ca Ca Ca+2 CaO Cd Cd Cd+2 CdO CdSO4⋅8/3H2O Cl ClClO4Cl2 Cs Cs Cs+ State cr g aq cr cr g aq cr cr, corundum g cr, rhombic g g cr cr g cr g aq l g cr, graphite g g g aq, undissoc aq cr g aq cr cr g aq cr cr g aq aq g cr g aq ∆fH° (298.15 K) kJ⋅mol-1 284.9 ± 0.8 105.79 ± 0.08 -127.01 ± 0.05 330.0 ± 4.0 -538.4 ± 1.5 -1510.4 ± 1.3 -1675.7 ± 1.3 0 565 ± -1136.0 ± 0.8 -1273.5 ± 1.4 324 ± -609.4 ± 2.5 111.87 ± 0.12 -121.41 ± 0.15 30.91 ± 0.11 716.68 ± 0.45 -110.53 ± 0.17 -393.51 ± 0.13 -413.26 ± 0.20 -675.23 ± 0.25 177.8 ± 0.8 -543.0 ± 1.0 -634.92 ± 0.90 111.80 ± 0.20 -75.92 ± 0.60 -258.35 ± 0.40 -1729.30 ± 0.80 121.301 ± 0.008 -167.080 ± 0.10 -128.10 ± 0.40 0 76.5 ± 1.0 -258.00 ± 0.50 5-1 TeamLRN S° (298.15 K) J⋅K-1⋅mol-1 H° (298.15 K)–H° (0) kJ⋅mol-1 42.55 ± 0.20 172.997 ± 0.004 73.45 ± 0.40 96.25 ± 0.20 28.30 ± 0.10 164.554 ± 0.004 -325 ± 10 66.5 ± 0.5 50.92 ± 0.10 154.846 ± 0.003 5.90 ± 0.08 153.436 ± 0.015 254.42 ± 0.20 53.97 ± 0.30 9.50 ± 0.08 136.275 ± 0.003 13.77 ± 0.04 175.018 ± 0.004 82.55 ± 0.20 152.21 ± 0.30 245.468 ± 0.005 5.74 ± 0.10 158.100 ± 0.003 197.660 ± 0.004 213.785 ± 0.010 119.36 ± 0.60 -50.0 ± 1.0 41.59 ± 0.40 154.887 ± 0.004 -56.2 ± 1.0 38.1 ± 0.4 51.80 ± 0.15 167.749 ± 0.004 -72.8 ± 1.5 54.8 ± 1.5 229.65 ± 0.40 165.190 ± 0.004 56.60 ± 0.20 184.0 ± 1.5 223.081 ± 0.010 85.23 ± 0.40 175.601 ± 0.003 132.1 ± 0.5 5.745 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 12.033 ± 0.020 4.540 ± 0.020 6.919 ± 0.001 11.62 ± 0.04 10.016 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 1.222 ± 0.008 6.316 ± 0.002 11.650 ± 0.020 9.301 ± 0.040 1.950 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 2.837 ± 0.008 6.197 ± 0.001 24.52 ± 0.01 9.725 ± 0.001 1.050 ± 0.020 6.536 ± 0.001 8.671 ± 0.001 9.365 ± 0.003 5.736 ± 0.040 6.197 ± 0.001 6.75 ± 0.06 6.247 ± 0.015 6.197 ± 0.001 8.41 ± 0.08 35.56 ± 0.04 6.272 ± 0.001 9.181 ± 0.001 7.711 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 CODATA KEY VALUES FOR THERMODYNAMICS (continued) Substance Cu Cu Cu+2 CuSO4 F FF2 Ge Ge GeF4 GeO2 H H+ HBr HCO3HCl HF HI HPO4-2 HSHSO4H2 H2O H2O H2PO4H2S H2S H3BO3 H3BO3 He Hg Hg Hg+2 HgO Hg2+2 Hg2Cl2 Hg2SO4 I II2 I2 K K K+ Kr Li Li Li+ Mg Mg Mg+2 MgF2 MgO N NH3 NH4+ NO3- State cr g aq cr g aq g cr g g cr, tetragonal g aq g aq g g g aq aq aq g l g aq g aq, undissoc cr aq, undissoc g l g aq cr, red aq cr cr g aq cr g cr g aq g cr g aq cr g aq cr cr g g aq aq ∆fH° (298.15 K) kJ⋅mol-1 337.4 ± 1.2 64.9 ± 1.0 -771.4 ± 1.2 79.38 ± 0.30 -335.35 ± 0.65 0 372 ± -1190.20 ± 0.50 -580.0 ± 1.0 217.998 ± 0.006 -36.29 ± 0.16 -689.93 ± 0.20 -92.31 ± 0.10 -273.30 ± 0.70 26.50 ± 0.10 -1299.0 ± 1.5 -16.3 ± 1.5 -886.9 ± 1.0 -285.830 ± 0.040 -241.826 ± 0.040 -1302.6 ± 1.5 -20.6 ± 0.5 -38.6 ± 1.5 -1094.8 ± 0.8 -1072.8 ± 0.8 0 61.38 ± 0.04 170.21 ± 0.20 -90.79 ± 0.12 166.87 ± 0.50 -265.37 ± 0.40 -743.09 ± 0.40 106.76 ± 0.04 -56.78 ± 0.05 62.42 ± 0.08 89.0 ± 0.8 -252.14 ± 0.08 0 159.3 ± 1.0 -278.47 ± 0.08 147.1 ± 0.8 -467.0 ± 0.6 -1124.2 ± 1.2 -601.60 ± 0.30 472.68 ± 0.40 -45.94 ± 0.35 -133.26 ± 0.25 -206.85 ± 0.40 5-2 S° (298.15 K) J⋅K-1⋅mol-1 H° (298.15 K)–H° (0) kJ⋅mol-1 33.15 ± 0.08 166.398 ± 0.004 -98 ± 109.2 ± 0.4 158.751 ± 0.004 -13.8 ± 0.8 202.791 ± 0.005 31.09 ± 0.15 167.904 ± 0.005 301.9 ± 1.0 39.71 ± 0.15 114.717 ± 0.002 198.700 ± 0.004 98.4 ± 0.5 186.902 ± 0.005 173.779 ± 0.003 206.590 ± 0.004 -33.5 ± 1.5 67 ± 131.7 ± 3.0 130.680 ± 0.003 69.95 ± 0.03 188.835 ± 0.010 92.5 ± 1.5 205.81 ± 0.05 126 ± 89.95 ± 0.60 162.4 ± 0.6 126.153 ± 0.002 75.90 ± 0.12 174.971 ± 0.005 -36.19 ± 0.80 70.25 ± 0.30 65.74 ± 0.80 191.6 ± 0.8 200.70 ± 0.20 180.787 ± 0.004 106.45 ± 0.30 116.14 ± 0.30 260.687 ± 0.005 64.68 ± 0.20 160.341 ± 0.003 101.20 ± 0.20 164.085 ± 0.003 29.12 ± 0.20 138.782 ± 0.010 12.24 ± 0.15 32.67 ± 0.10 148.648 ± 0.003 -137 ± 57.2 ± 0.5 26.95 ± 0.15 153.301 ± 0.003 192.77 ± 0.05 111.17 ± 0.40 146.70 ± 0.40 5.004 ± 0.008 6.197 ± 0.001 16.86 ± 0.08 6.518 ± 0.001 8.825 ± 0.001 4.636 ± 0.020 7.398 ± 0.001 17.29 ± 0.10 7.230 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 8.648 ± 0.001 8.640 ± 0.001 8.599 ± 0.001 8.657 ± 0.001 8.468 ± 0.001 13.273 ± 0.020 9.905 ± 0.005 9.957 ± 0.010 13.52 ± 0.04 6.197 ± 0.001 9.342 ± 0.008 6.197 ± 0.001 9.117 ± 0.025 23.35 ± 0.20 26.070 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 13.196 ± 0.040 10.116 ± 0.001 7.088 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 6.197 ± 0.001 4.632 ± 0.040 6.197 ± 0.001 4.998 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 9.91 ± 0.06 5.160 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 10.043 ± 0.010 CODATA KEY VALUES FOR THERMODYNAMICS (continued) Substance N2 Na Na Na+ Ne O OHO2 P P P2 P4 Pb Pb Pb+2 PbSO4 Rb Rb Rb+ S S SO2 SO4-2 S2 Si Si SiF4 SiO2 Sn Sn Sn+2 SnO SnO2 Th Th ThO2 Ti Ti TiCl4 TiO2 U U UO2 UO2+2 UO3 U3O8 Xe Zn Zn Zn+2 ZnO State g cr g aq g g aq g cr, white g g g cr g aq cr cr g aq cr, rhombic g g aq g cr g g cr, alpha quartz cr, white g aq cr, tetragonal cr, tetragonal cr g cr cr g g cr, rutile cr g cr aq cr, gamma cr g cr g aq cr ∆fH° (298.15 K) kJ⋅mol-1 0 107.5 ± 0.7 -240.34 ± 0.06 249.18 ± 0.10 -230.015 ± 0.040 0 316.5 ± 1.0 144.0 ± 2.0 58.9 ± 0.3 195.2 ± 0.8 0.92 ± 0.25 -919.97 ± 0.40 80.9 ± 0.8 -251.12 ± 0.10 277.17 ± 0.15 -296.81 ± 0.20 -909.34 ± 0.40 128.60 ± 0.30 450 ± -1615.0 ± 0.8 -910.7 ± 1.0 301.2 ± 1.5 -8.9 ± 1.0 -280.71 ± 0.20 -577.63 ± 0.20 602 ± -1226.4 ± 3.5 473 ± -763.2 ± 3.0 -944.0 ± 0.8 533 ± -1085.0 ± 1.0 -1019.0 ± 1.5 -1223.8 ± 1.2 -3574.8 ± 2.5 0 130.40 ± 0.40 -153.39 ± 0.20 -350.46 ± 0.27 5-3 TeamLRN S° (298.15 K) J⋅K-1⋅mol-1 H° (298.15 K)–H° (0) kJ⋅mol-1 191.609 ± 0.004 51.30 ± 0.20 153.718 ± 0.003 58.45 ± 0.15 146.328 ± 0.003 161.059 ± 0.003 -10.90 ± 0.20 205.152 ± 0.005 41.09 ± 0.25 163.199 ± 0.003 218.123 ± 0.004 280.01 ± 0.50 64.80 ± 0.30 175.375 ± 0.005 18.5 ± 1.0 148.50 ± 0.60 76.78 ± 0.30 170.094 ± 0.003 121.75 ± 0.25 32.054 ± 0.050 167.829 ± 0.006 248.223 ± 0.050 18.50 ± 0.40 228.167 ± 0.010 18.81 ± 0.08 167.981 ± 0.004 282.76 ± 0.50 41.46 ± 0.20 51.18 ± 0.08 168.492 ± 0.004 -16.7 ± 4.0 57.17 ± 0.30 49.04 ± 0.10 51.8 ± 0.5 190.17 ± 0.05 65.23 ± 0.20 30.72 ± 0.10 180.298 ± 0.010 353.2 ± 4.0 50.62 ± 0.30 50.20 ± 0.20 199.79 ± 0.10 77.03 ± 0.20 -98.2 ± 3.0 96.11 ± 0.40 282.55 ± 0.50 169.685 ± 0.003 41.63 ± 0.15 160.990 ± 0.004 -109.8 ± 0.5 43.65 ± 0.40 8.670 ± 0.001 6.460 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 6.197 ± 0.001 6.725 ± 0.001 8.680 ± 0.002 5.360 ± 0.015 6.197 ± 0.001 8.904 ± 0.001 14.10 ± 0.20 6.870 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 20.050 ± 0.040 7.489 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 4.412 ± 0.006 6.657 ± 0.001 10.549 ± 0.010 9.132 ± 0.002 3.217 ± 0.008 7.550 ± 0.001 15.36 ± 0.05 6.916 ± 0.020 6.323 ± 0.008 6.215 ± 0.001 8.736 ± 0.020 8.384 ± 0.020 6.35 ± 0.05 6.197 ± 0.003 10.560 ± 0.020 4.824 ± 0.015 7.539 ± 0.002 21.5 ± 0.5 8.68 ± 0.05 6.364 ± 0.020 6.499 ± 0.020 11.280 ± 0.020 14.585 ± 0.050 42.74 ± 0.10 6.197 ± 0.001 5.657 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 6.933 ± 0.040 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES This table gives the standard state chemical thermodynamic properties of about 2500 individual substances in the crystalline, liquid, and gaseous states Substances are listed by molecular formula in a modified Hill order; all substances not containing carbon appear first, followed by those that contain carbon The properties tabulated are: DfH° DfG° S° Cp Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar entropy at 298.15 K in J/mol K Molar heat capacity at constant pressure at 298.15 K in J/mol K The standard state pressure is 100 kPa (1 bar) The standard states are defined for different phases by: • • • The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance as a (hypothetical) ideal gas at the standard state pressure The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the crystalline substance under the standard state pressure An entry of 0.0 for DfH° for an element indicates the reference state of that element See References and for further information on reference states A blank means no value is available The data are derived from the sources listed in the references, from other papers appearing in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, and from the primary research literature We are indebted to M V Korobov for providing data on fullerene compounds References Cox, J D., Wagman, D D., and Medvedev, V A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989 Wagman, D D., Evans, W H., Parker, V B., Schumm, R H., Halow, I., Bailey, S M., Churney, K L., and Nuttall, R L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J Phys Chem Ref Data, Vol 11, Suppl 2, 1982 Chase, M W., Davies, C A., Downey, J R., Frurip, D J., McDonald, R A., and Syverud, A N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J Phys Chem Ref Data, Vol 14, Suppl.1, 1985 Chase, M W., NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph 9, 1998 Daubert, T E., Danner, R P., Sibul, H M., and Stebbins, C C., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds: Data Compilation, extant 1994 (core with supplements), Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA Pedley, J B., Naylor, R D., and Kirby, S P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Second Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1986 Pedley, J B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 1994 Domalski, E S., and Hearing, E D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase, Volume III, J Phys Chem Ref Data, 25, 1-525, 1996 Zabransky, M., Ruzicka , V., Majer, V., and Domalski, E S., Heat Capacity of Liquids, J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph No 6, 1996 10 Gurvich, L V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol 1, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989 11 Gurvich, L V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994 12 NIST Chemistry Webbook, 5-4 Crystal Molecular Formula Name ⌬fH ° kJ/mol ⌬fG ° kJ/mol Liquid S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH ° kJ/mol ⌬fG ° kJ/mol Gas S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH ° kJ/mol ⌬fG ° kJ/mol S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K 5-5 TeamLRN Ac Ag AgBr AgBrO3 AgCl AgClO3 AgClO4 AgF AgF2 AgI AgIO3 AgNO3 Ag2 Ag2CrO4 Ag2O Ag2O2 Ag2O3 Ag2O4S Ag2S Al AlB3H12 AlBr AlBr3 AlCl AlCl2 AlCl3 AlF AlF3 AlF4Na AlH AlH3 AlH4K AlH4Li AlH4Na AlI AlI3 AlN AlO AlO4P AlP Actinium Silver Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) bromate Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) chlorate Silver(I) perchlorate Silver(I) fluoride Silver(II) fluoride Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) iodate Silver(I) nitrate Disilver Silver(I) chromate Silver(I) oxide Silver(II) oxide Silver(III) oxide Silver(I) sulfate Silver(I) sulfide (argentite) Aluminum Aluminum borohydride Aluminum monobromide Aluminum bromide Aluminum monochloride Aluminum dichloride Aluminum chloride Aluminum monofluoride Aluminum fluoride Sodium tetrafluoroaluminate Aluminum monohydride Aluminum hydride Potassium aluminum hydride Lithium aluminum hydride Sodium aluminum hydride Aluminum monoiodide Aluminum iodide Aluminum nitride Aluminum monoxide Aluminum phosphate Aluminum phosphide 0.0 0.0 -100.4 -10.5 -127.0 -30.3 -31.1 -204.6 -360.0 -61.8 -171.1 -124.4 -731.7 -31.1 -24.3 33.9 -715.9 -32.6 0.0 -96.9 71.3 -109.8 64.5 56.5 42.6 107.1 151.9 96.3 142.0 27.2 25.4 52.4 -66.2 -93.7 -33.4 115.5 149.4 140.9 56.8 102.9 93.1 -641.8 -11.2 27.6 121.4 -618.4 -40.7 217.6 121.3 117.0 100.0 200.4 144.0 28.3 142.3 65.9 88.0 180.2 131.4 76.5 24.4 100.6 -704.2 -628.8 109.3 91.1 -1510.4 -1431.1 66.5 75.1 30.0 40.2 -44.7 78.7 83.2 -313.8 -318.0 -300.8 -287.0 159.0 20.2 98.7 30.1 -1733.8 -166.5 -1617.9 90.8 93.2 -46.0 -183.7 -116.3 -15.5 366.0 246.0 188.1 173.0 20.8 20.8 410.0 358.8 257.1 37.0 330.0 13.0 -4.0 -425.1 -47.7 -331.0 -583.2 -258.2 -1204.6 -1869.0 259.2 289.4 147.0 -42.0 164.6 379.2 239.5 21.4 -74.1 228.1 35.0 -283.7 -1188.2 -1827.5 231.2 215.0 277.1 345.7 187.9 31.9 62.6 105.9 29.4 50.8 -16.3 -527.2 406.0 284.9 145.0 289.1 194.6 65.5 -207.5 91.2 35.6 36.0 65.3 218.4 30.9 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Substances not containing carbon: Crystal Name AlS Al2 Al2Br6 Al2Cl6 Al2F6 Al2I6 Al2O Al2O3 Al2S3 Am Ar As As AsBr3 AsCl3 AsF3 AsGa AsH3 AsH3O4 AsI3 AsIn AsO As2 As2O5 As2S3 At Au AuBr AuBr3 AuCl AuCl3 AuF3 AuH AuI Au2 B BBr BBr3 BCl BClO BCl3 BCsO2 BF Aluminum monosulfide Dialuminum Aluminum hexabromide Aluminum hexachloride Aluminum hexafluoride Aluminum hexaiodide Aluminum oxide (Al 2O) Aluminum oxide (corundum) Aluminum sulfide Americium Argon Arsenic (gray) Arsenic (yellow) Arsenic(III) bromide Arsenic(III) chloride Arsenic(III) fluoride Gallium arsenide Arsine Arsenic acid Arsenic(III) iodide Indium arsenide Arsenic monoxide Diarsenic Arsenic(V) oxide Arsenic(III) sulfide Astatine Gold Gold(I) bromide Gold(III) bromide Gold(I) chloride Gold(III) chloride Gold(III) fluoride Gold hydride Gold(I) iodide Digold Boron (b-rhombohedral) Bromoborane(1) Boron tribromide Chloroborane(1) Chloroxyborane Boron trichloride Cesium metaborate Fluoroborane(1) ⌬fG ° kJ/mol Liquid S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH ° kJ/mol ⌬fG ° kJ/mol Gas S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH ° kJ/mol 200.9 485.9 -970.7 -1290.8 -2628.0 -516.7 -130.0 -1675.7 -724.0 0.0 -1582.3 0.0 14.6 -197.5 50.9 116.9 79.0 105.1 35.1 24.6 -305.0 -821.3 -71.0 -906.3 -58.2 -58.6 -924.9 -169.0 0.0 0.0 -14.0 -53.3 -34.7 -117.6 -363.6 -67.8 -59.4 -53.6 -782.3 -168.6 64.2 213.1 75.7 -259.4 -774.2 216.3 181.2 126.6 ⌬fG ° kJ/mol S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K 150.1 433.3 230.6 233.2 33.4 36.4 -1220.4 490.0 -159.0 259.4 45.7 0.0 302.5 261.0 154.8 174.2 20.8 20.8 -130.0 -261.5 -785.8 -159.0 -248.9 -770.8 363.9 327.2 289.1 79.2 75.7 65.6 66.4 68.9 222.8 38.1 388.3 80.6 46.2 105.8 47.8 105.4 163.6 116.5 116.3 47.4 25.4 70.0 222.2 171.9 239.4 35.0 366.1 326.3 180.5 20.8 295.0 265.7 211.2 29.2 0.0 0.0 -972.0 5.9 -915.0 104.4 11.1 -239.7 -238.5 229.7 -427.2 -387.4 206.3 106.7 515.1 565.0 238.1 -205.6 149.5 -314.0 -403.8 521.0 195.4 -232.5 120.9 153.4 225.0 324.2 213.2 36.9 20.8 32.9 67.8 31.7 -388.7 290.1 62.7 -122.2 -149.8 200.5 29.6 80.6 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-6 Molecular Formula ⌬fH ° kJ/mol Fluorooxyborane Boron trifluoride Aminetrifluoroboron Trihydro(phosphorus trifluoride)boron Sodium tetrafluoroborate Borane(1) Metaboric acid (b, monoclinic) Borane(3) Boric acid Potassium borohydride Lithium borohydride Sodium borohydride Boron triiodide Potassium metaborate Lithium metaborate Boron nitride Sodium metaborate Boron monoxide Boron dioxide Rubidium metaborate Boron monosulfide Diboron Tetrachlorodiborane Tetrafluorodiborane Diborane Diboron dioxide Boron oxide Boron sulfide Borazine Tetraborane(10) Sodium tetraborate Pentaborane(9) Pentaborane(11) Hexaborane(10) Nonaborane(15) Decaborane(14) Barium Barium bromide Barium chloride Barium chloride dihydrate Barium fluoride Barium hydride Barium hydroxide Barium iodide Barium nitrite Barium nitrate -607.0 -1136.0 -1119.4 254.4 442.7 -561.9 89.2 -994.1 412.7 -551.0 93.3 171.8 240.1 188.2 29.2 42.2 36.0 71.1 20.7 349.2 70.8 647.5 614.5 212.3 29.5 25.0 -300.4 -4.0 -305.9 203.5 229.6 29.2 43.0 342.0 830.5 -490.4 -1440.1 36.4 -454.8 -843.8 67.0 288.8 774.0 -460.6 -1410.4 87.6 -462.3 -832.0 216.2 201.9 357.4 317.3 232.1 242.5 279.8 30.0 30.5 95.4 79.1 56.7 57.3 66.9 66.1 184.3 280.3 93.2 73.2 103.3 94.6 158.4 47.3 180.0 173.6 230.6 211.3 357.5 232.8 146.0 280.6 321.0 296.8 364.9 350.7 170.2 99.6 130.3 125.7 187.0 186.1 20.8 -1353.9 -854.0 -1844.7 -1750.1 145.3 -794.3 -723.4 38.0 -1094.3 -227.4 -190.8 -188.6 -968.9 -160.3 -125.0 -123.9 90.0 106.3 75.9 101.3 86.1 96.1 82.6 86.8 -981.6 -1032.2 -254.4 -977.0 -923.4 -976.1 -228.4 -920.7 80.0 51.5 14.8 73.5 66.7 59.8 19.7 65.9 -971.0 -1273.5 -240.6 -3291.1 -913.0 -1194.3 -3096.0 94.3 54.0 100.0 189.5 120.3 74.1 -523.0 -464.8 262.3 -541.0 -392.7 199.6 62.8 111.7 186.8 42.7 73.2 56.3 0.0 -757.3 -855.0 -1456.9 -1207.1 -177.0 -944.7 -602.1 -768.2 -988.0 -736.8 -806.7 -1293.2 -1156.8 -138.2 62.5 146.0 123.7 203.0 96.4 63.0 -792.6 214.0 137.7 28.1 75.1 71.2 46.0 151.4 171.8 184.2 151.1 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-7 TeamLRN BFO BF3 BF3H3N BF3H3P BF4Na BH BHO2 BH3 BH3O3 BH4K BH4Li BH4Na BI3 BKO2 BLiO2 BN BNaO2 BO BO2 BO2Rb BS B2 B2Cl4 B2F4 B2H6 B2O2 B2O3 B2S3 B3H6N3 B4H10 B4Na2O7 B5H9 B5H11 B6H10 B9H15 B10H14 Ba BaBr2 BaCl2 BaCl2H4O2 BaF2 BaH2 BaH2O2 BaI2 BaN2O4 BaN2O6 Crystal Name BaO BaO4S BaS Be BeBr2 BeCl2 BeF2 BeH2O2 BeI2 BeO BeO4S BeS Bi BiClO BiCl3 BiH3O3 BiI3 Bi2 Bi2O3 Bi2O12S3 Bi2S3 Bk Br BrCl BrCl3Si BrCs BrCu BrF BrF3 BrF5 BrGe BrGeH3 BrH BrHSi BrH3Si BrH4N BrI BrIn BrK BrKO3 BrKO4 BrLi BrNO Barium oxide Barium sulfate Barium sulfide Beryllium Beryllium bromide Beryllium chloride Beryllium fluoride Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium iodide Beryllium oxide Beryllium sulfate Beryllium sulfide Bismuth Bismuth oxychloride Bismuth trichloride Bismuth hydroxide Bismuth triiodide Dibismuth Bismuth oxide Bismuth sulfate Bismuth sulfide Berkelium Bromine (atomic) Bromine chloride Bromotrichlorosilane Cesium bromide Copper(I) bromide Bromine fluoride Bromine trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Germanium monobromide Bromogermane Hydrogen bromide Bromosilylene Bromosilane Ammonium bromide Iodine bromide Indium(I) bromide Potassium bromide Potassium bromate Potassium perbromate Lithium bromide Nitrosyl bromide -548.0 -1473.2 -460.0 0.0 -353.5 -490.4 -1026.8 -902.5 -192.5 -609.4 -1205.2 -234.3 0.0 -366.9 -379.1 -711.3 ⌬fG° kJ/mol -520.3 -1362.2 -456.0 Liquid S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH° kJ/mol ⌬fG° kJ/mol Gas S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH° kJ/mol 72.1 132.2 78.2 9.5 108.0 75.8 53.4 45.5 121.0 13.8 77.9 34.0 56.7 120.5 177.0 47.3 101.8 49.4 16.4 69.4 62.4 51.8 62.1 71.1 25.6 85.7 34.0 25.5 -112.0 105.0 -493.7 151.5 113.5 -140.6 200.4 122.2 -445.6 -979.4 -815.0 -580.1 -1093.8 -322.1 -315.0 ⌬fG° kJ/mol S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K 324.0 286.6 136.3 20.8 207.1 168.2 187.0 20.8 -265.7 -256.0 358.9 79.7 -175.3 219.7 -573.9 -2544.3 -143.1 0.0 -405.8 -104.6 -391.4 -100.8 113.1 96.1 -175.2 113.0 -175.3 -393.8 -360.2 -287.9 -351.2 -169.0 -380.7 -271.2 -174.4 -342.0 113.0 95.9 149.2 170.1 74.3 111.9 14.6 82.4 -1.0 175.0 240.1 350.1 20.8 35.0 90.9 -93.8 -255.6 -428.9 235.6 -109.2 -229.4 -350.6 229.0 292.5 320.2 -36.3 -464.4 -53.4 274.8 198.7 33.0 66.6 99.6 37.1 56.4 29.1 262.4 52.8 52.9 54.7 -300.8 -458.6 -270.8 36.9 -240.5 -351.8 178.2 225.1 124.6 96.0 40.8 -56.9 3.7 -94.3 258.8 259.5 36.4 36.7 82.2 82.4 273.7 45.5 52.3 105.2 120.2 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-8 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol Sodium bromide Sodium bromate Bromine monoxide Bromine dioxide Rubidium bromide Bromosilyldyne Thallium(I) bromide Bromine Calcium bromide Cadmium bromide Cobalt(II) bromide Chromium(II) bromide Copper(II) bromide Iron(II) bromide Dibromosilane Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(I) bromide Magnesium bromide Manganese(II) bromide Nickel(II) bromide Lead(II) bromide Platinum(II) bromide Sulfur bromide Selenium dibromide Tin(II) bromide Strontium bromide Titanium(II) bromide Zinc bromide Cerium(III) bromide Tribromochlorosilane Dysprosium(III) bromide Iron(III) bromide Gallium(III) bromide Tribromosilane Indium(III) bromide Phosphoric tribromide Phosphorus(III) bromide Platinum(III) bromide Rhenium(III) bromide Ruthenium(III) bromide Antimony(III) bromide Scandium bromide Titanium(III) bromide Germanium(IV) bromide Protactinium(IV) bromide Platinum(IV) bromide -361.1 -334.1 -349.0 -242.6 86.8 128.9 -394.6 -381.8 110.0 -173.2 -167.4 120.5 -682.8 -316.2 -220.9 -302.1 -141.8 -249.8 -663.6 -296.3 130.0 137.2 -238.1 140.6 -170.7 -206.9 -524.3 -384.9 -212.1 -278.7 -82.0 -153.1 -181.1 -503.8 172.0 218.0 117.2 -261.9 161.5 51.4 -143.1 -177.1 241.2 36.3 125.8 152.0 109.6 155.0 233.0 271.1 34.2 45.4 52.8 0.0 152.2 75.7 209.0 -37.7 30.9 38.6 3.1 245.5 36.0 309.7 65.5 377.1 95.3 76.7 79.5 80.1 -13.0 -21.0 -243.5 -717.6 -402.0 -328.7 -891.4 -836.2 -268.2 -386.6 -697.1 135.1 -312.1 138.5 -359.8 75.3 180.0 -355.6 -336.4 248.1 -317.6 -282.0 -328.5 348.6 80.8 -184.5 -175.7 240.2 -139.3 -162.8 359.8 348.1 89.9 76.0 -194.6 -223.9 372.9 80.2 -300.0 -318.0 396.2 101.8 -428.9 -458.6 -120.9 -167.0 -138.0 -259.4 -743.1 -548.5 -239.3 207.1 -523.8 176.6 -787.8 234.0 101.7 -347.7 -824.0 -156.5 -331.4 280.7 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-9 TeamLRN BrNa BrNaO3 BrO BrO2 BrRb BrSi BrTl Br2 Br2Ca Br2Cd Br2Co Br2Cr Br2Cu Br2Fe Br2H2Si Br2Hg Br2Hg2 Br2Mg Br2Mn Br2Ni Br2Pb Br2Pt Br2S2 Br2Se Br2Sn Br2Sr Br2Ti Br2Zn Br3Ce Br3ClSi Br3Dy Br3Fe Br3Ga Br3HSi Br3In Br3OP Br3P Br3Pt Br3Re Br3Ru Br3Sb Br3Sc Br3Ti Br4Ge Br4Pa Br4Pt Crystal Name Br4Si Br4Sn Br4Te Br4Ti Br4V Br4Zr Br5P Br5Ta Br6W Ca CaCl2 CaF2 CaH2 CaH2O2 CaI2 CaN2O6 CaO CaO4S CaS Ca3O8P2 Cd CdCl2 CdF2 CdH2O2 CdI2 CdO CdO4S CdS CdTe Ce CeCl3 CeI3 CeO2 CeS Ce2O3 Cf Cl ClCs ClCsO4 ClCu ClF ClFO3 ClF3 Tetrabromosilane Tin(IV) bromide Tellurium tetrabromide Titanium(IV) bromide Vanadium(IV) bromide Zirconium(IV) bromide Phosphorus(V) bromide Tantalum(V) bromide Tungsten(VI) bromide Calcium Calcium chloride Calcium fluoride Calcium hydride Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodide Calcium nitrate Calcium oxide Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfide Calcium phosphate Cadmium Cadmium chloride Cadmium fluoride Cadmium hydroxide Cadmium iodide Cadmium oxide Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfide Cadmium telluride Cerium (g, fcc) Cerium(III) chloride Cerium(III) iodide Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(II) sulfide Cerium(III) oxide Californium Chlorine (atomic) Cesium chloride Cesium perchlorate Copper(I) chloride Chlorine fluoride Perchloryl fluoride Chlorine trifluoride ⌬fG° kJ/mol Liquid S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K ⌬fH° kJ/mol -457.3 -377.4 -190.4 -616.7 -760.7 -269.9 -598.3 -348.5 0.0 -795.4 -1228.0 -181.5 -985.2 -533.5 -938.2 -634.9 -1434.5 -482.4 -4120.8 0.0 -391.5 -700.4 -560.7 -203.3 -258.4 -933.3 -161.9 -92.5 0.0 -1060.5 -669.3 -1088.7 -459.4 -1796.2 0.0 -443.0 -443.1 -137.2 ⌬fG° kJ/mol S° J/mol K Cp J/mol K 97.1 103.4 131.5 -549.4 -336.8 -568.2 398.4 100.8 25.9 72.9 67.0 41.0 87.5 177.8 144.0 154.9 20.8 167.7 20.8 243.5 -984.8 41.6 108.4 68.5 41.4 83.4 142.0 193.2 38.1 106.5 56.5 236.0 51.8 115.3 77.4 96.0 161.1 54.8 123.0 64.9 100.0 72.0 151.0 -1024.6 -451.5 -1706.2 62.3 78.2 150.6 61.6 50.0 114.6 -414.5 -314.3 -119.9 101.2 175.1 86.2 52.5 108.3 48.5 -343.9 -647.7 -473.6 -201.4 -228.7 -822.7 -156.5 -92.0 ⌬fH° kJ/mol 377.9 411.9 -589.5 149.4 42.0 99.7 47.4 227.8 26.0 74.7 277.8 Cp J/mol K -431.8 -331.4 264.4 -443.9 Gas S° J/mol K -415.5 -314.6 -350.2 -748.8 -1175.6 -142.5 -897.5 -528.9 -742.8 -603.3 -1322.0 -477.4 -3884.7 ⌬fG° kJ/mol 111.8 80.0 43.4 99.6 26.9 87.4 -189.5 423.0 385.0 191.8 23.1 121.3 105.3 165.2 21.8 -50.3 -23.8 -163.2 -51.8 48.2 -123.0 217.9 279.0 281.6 32.1 64.9 63.9 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-10 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued) Mol Form C9H7ClO2 Name Step C9H7N C9H7N C9H7NO trans-m-Chlorocinnamic acid trans-p-Chlorocinnamic acid Quinoline Isoquinoline 2-Quinolinol C9H7NO 3-Quinolinol C9H7NO 4-Quinolinol C9H7NO 6-Quinolinol C9H7NO 8-Quinolinol C9H7NO 7-Isoquinolinol C9H7NO3 C9H7NO3 C9H7NO3 C9H7N7O2S C9H8N2 C9H8N2 C9H8N2 C9H8N2 C9H8N2 C9H8O2 C9H8O2 C9H8O2 2-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid 3-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid 4-Cyanophenoxyacetic acid Azathioprine 2-Quinolinamine 3-Quinolinamine 4-Quinolinamine 1-Isoquinolinamine 3-Isoquinolinamine cis-Cinnamic acid trans-Cinnamic acid α-Methylenebenezeneacetic acid 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3,5-Dibromo-L-tyrosine 3-(2-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propanoic acid L-3,5-Diiodotyrosine N-Benzoylglycine 3-(2-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid Carbendazim Sulfathiazole L-3-Iodotyrosine 2-Ethylbenzimidazole 3,5-Dimethylbenzoic acid Benzenepropanoic acid α-Methylbenzeneacetic acid α-Hydroxy-α-methylbenezeneacetic acid C9H7ClO2 C9H8O4 C9H9Br2NO3 C9H9ClO2 C9H9ClO2 C9H9ClO2 C9H9I2NO3 C9H9NO3 C9H9NO4 C9H9NO4 C9H9N3O2 C9H9N3O2S2 C9H10INO3 C9H10N2 C9H10O2 C9H10O2 C9H10O2 C9H10O3 t/°C 25 2 2 2 pKa 4.29 25 4.41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 20 20 25 25 25 4.90 5.40 -0.31 11.76 4.28 8.08 2.23 11.28 5.15 8.90 4.91 9.81 5.68 8.90 2.98 3.03 2.93 8.2 7.34 4.91 9.17 7.62 5.05 3.88 4.44 4.35 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 3.48 2.17 6.45 7.60 4.58 25 4.59 25 4.61 25 25 25 25 25 2.12 5.32 9.48 3.62 4.50 25 4.47 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 4.48 7.2 2.2 8.7 9.1 6.18 4.32 4.66 4.64 3.47 Mol Form Name C9H11Cl2N3O4S2 Methylclothiazide C9H11N N-Allylaniline C9H11N 1-Indanamine 4-(Dimethylamino)C9H11NO2 benzoic acid C9H11NO2 Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate L-Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 Step 25 22 2 3 C9H11NO3 L-Tyrosine C9H11NO4 Levodopa C9H12N2O2 C9H13N C9H13NO3 Tyrosineamide N-Isopropylaniline Epinephrine C9H13N2O9P 5'-Uridylic acid C9H13N3O5 Cytidine C9H14ClNO C9H14N2O3 C9H14N3O8P Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride Metharbital 3'-Cytidylic acid C9H14N4O3 Carnosine C9H15NO3S Captopril C9H15N5O C9H16O4 Minoxidil Nonanedioic acid C9H18O2 C9H19N C9H19N Nonanoic acid N-Butylpiperidine 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Nonylamine 8-Quinolinecarboxylic acid 1-Naphthol 2-Naphthol 1-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine 2-Methylquinoline 4-Methylquinoline 5-Methylquinoline 5-Amino-1-naphthol 6-Methoxyquinoline 1H-Indole-3-acetic acid o-Methylcinnamic acid m-Methylcinnamic acid p-Methylcinnamic acid Tryptamine 5-Hydroxytryptamine C9H21N C10H7NO2 C10H8O C10H8O C10H9N C10H9N C10H9N C10H9N C10H9N C10H9NO C10H9NO C10H9NO2 C10H10O2 C10H10O2 C10H10O2 C10H12N2 C10H12N2O t/°C 2 2 3 2 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 25 25 25 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 pKa 9.4 4.17 9.21 6.03 11.49 2.5 2.20 9.31 2.20 9.11 10.1 2.32 8.72 9.96 11.79 7.33 5.77 8.66 9.95 6.4 9.5 4.22 12.5 9.44 8.45 0.8 4.28 6.0 2.73 6.87 9.73 3.7 9.8 4.61 4.53 5.33 4.96 10.47 11.07 10.64 1.82 9.39 9.63 3.92 4.16 5.83 5.67 5.20 3.97 5.03 4.75 4.50 4.44 4.56 10.2 9.8 11.1 DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued) Mol Form C10H12N2O5 C10H12N4O3 C10H12O Name C10H13N5O4 Dinoseb Dideoxyinosine 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2naphthalenol Benzenebutanoic acid Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Adenosine C10H14N2 L-Nicotine C10H14N5O7P 5'-Adenylic acid C10H14O C10H14O C10H14O C10H15N C10H15N C10H15NO C10H15NO C10H17N3O6S 2-tert-Butylphenol 3-tert-Butylphenol 4-tert-Butylphenol N-tert-Butylaniline N,N-Diethylaniline d-Ephedrine l-Ephedrine l-Glutathione C10H18N4O5 L-Argininosuccinic acid C10H12O2 C10H12O5 C10H18O4 Sebacic acid C10H19N C10H19N C10H21N C10H21N Bornylamine Neobornylamine Butylcyclohexylamine 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine Decylamine 1H-Perimidine 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid Methyl-1-naphthylamine Iopanoic acid L-Tryptophan C10H23N C11H8N2 C11H8O2 C11H8O2 C11H11N C11H12I3NO2 C11H12N2O2 C11H12N4O3S Sulfamethoxypyridazine C11H13F3N2O3S Mefluidide C11H13NO3 Hydrastinine C11H13N3O3S Sulfisoxazole C11H14N2O Cytisine C11H14O2 C11H14O2 C11H14O2 C11H16N2O2 2-tert-Butylbenzoic acid 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid 4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid Pilocarpine C11H16N4O4 C11H17N Pentostatin N,N-Diethyl-2-methylaniline Step 2 2 4 2 t/°C pKa Mol Form 25 4.62 9.12 10.48 C11H17NO3 C11H17N3O8 C11H18ClNO3 C11H18N2O3 C11H25N C11H26NO2PS 25 4.76 8.11 25 25 25 25 25 30 3.6 12.4 8.02 3.12 3.8 6.2 10.62 10.12 10.23 7.00 6.57 10.139 9.958 2.12 3.59 8.75 9.65 1.62 2.70 4.26 9.58 4.59 5.59 10.17 10.01 11.23 11.25 25 20 25 10.64 6.35 3.69 25 4.16 27 3.67 4.8 2.46 9.41 6.7 4.6 11.38 6.11 13.08 3.54 4.20 4.38 1.6 6.9 5.2 7.24 25 25 25 25 25 10 10 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 2 25 25 25 25 25 25 C12H6Cl4O2S C12H8N2 C12H8N2 C12H10O C12H10O C12H10O C12H11N C12H11N C12H11N C12H11N C12H11N C12H11N3 C12H12N2 C12H12N2O3 C12H13I3N2O3 C12H13N C12H13N C12H14N4O2S C12H14N4O3S C12H17N3O4 C12H20N2O2 C12H21N5O2S2 C12H22O11 C12H22O11 C12H23N C12H27N C13H9N C13H9N C13H10N2 C13H10N2 C13H10O2 C13H10O3 C13H10O3 C13H10O3 C13H11N3 C13H12Cl2O4 C13H12N2O C13H12N2O3S C13H13N C13H14N2O13 C13H15N3O3 TeamLRN Name Step Isoproterenol Tetrodotoxin Methoxamine hydrochloride Amobarbital Undecylamine Methylphosphonothioic acid S[2-[bis(1-isopropyl)amino]ethyl],O-ethylester Bithionol 1,10-Phenanthroline Phenazine 2-Hydroxybiphenyl 3-Hydroxybiphenyl 4-Hydroxybiphenyl Diphenylamine 2-Aminobiphenyl 3-Aminobiphenyl 4-Aminobiphenyl 2-Benzylpyridine 4-Aminoazobenzene p-Benzidine Phenobarbital Iocetamic acid N,N-Dimethyl-1naphthylamine N,N-Dimethyl-2naphthylamine Sulfamethazine Sulfacytine Agaritine Aspergillic acid Nizatidine Sucrose α-Maltose Dicyclohexylamine Dodecylamine Acridine Phenanthridine 9-Acridinamine 2-Phenylbenzimidazole 2-Phenylbenzoic acid 2-Phenoxybenzoic acid 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid 4-Phenoxybenzoic acid 3,6-Acridinediamine Ethacrynic acid Harmine Sulfabenzamide 4-Benzylaniline Harmaline Imazapyr t/°C 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 18 18 25 25 20 20 25 25 25 21 25 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 pKa 8.64 8.76 9.2 8.0 10.63 7.9 4.82 10.50 4.84 1.20 10.01 9.64 9.55 0.79 3.83 4.25 4.35 5.13 2.82 4.65 3.43 7.3 11.8 4.83 4.566 7.4 2.65 6.9 3.4 8.86 5.5 2.1 6.8 12.7 12.05 10.4 10.63 5.58 5.58 9.99 5.23 11.91 3.46 3.53 3.95 4.57 9.65 3.50 7.70 4.57 2.17 4.2 1.9 3.6 DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued) Mol Form Name Step Ketamine 4-[(Dipropylamino)sulfonyl]benzoic acid C13H21N 2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine C13H29N (Tridecyl)amine C14H12F3NO4S2 Perfluidone α-Phenylbenzeneacetic acid C14H12O2 C14H12O3 α-Hydroxy-α-phenylbenezeneacetic acid C14H18N4O3 Trimethoprim C14H19NO2 Methylphenidate C14H21N3O3S Tolazamide Atenolol C14H22N2O3 C14H31N Tetradecylamine C15H10ClN3O3 Clonazepam C15H11I4NO4 L-Thyroxine C15H14O3 Fenoprofen C15H15NO2 Mefenamic acid C15H15N3O2 Methyl Red C15H17ClN4 NeutralRed C15H19NO2 Tropacocaine C15H19N3O3 Imazethapyr C15H21N3O2 Physostigmine C15H26N2 Sparteine Pentadecylamine C15H33N C16H13ClN2O Valium C16H14ClN3O Chlorodiazepoxide C16H16N2O2 Lysergic acid C16H17N3O4S Cephalexin C16H19N3O4S Cephradine C16H22N2 Lycodine C16H35N Hexadecylamine C17H17NO2 Apomorphine C17H19NO3 Piperine C17H19NO3 Morphine C17H20N4O6 Riboflavin C17H20O6 Mycophenolic acid C17H23NO3 Hyoscyamine C17H27NO4 Nadolol C18H19ClN4 Clozapine C18H21NO3 Codeine C18H21N3O Dibenzepin C18H32O2 Linoleic acid t/°C C13H16ClNO C13H19NO4S pKa 7.5 5.8 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 15 20 20 25 25 18 25 20 25 21 3.58 10.63 2.5 3.94 3.04 6.6 8.9 3.6 9.6 10.62 1.5 10.5 2.2 6.45 10.1 7.3 4.2 2.5 9.5 6.7 4.32 2.1 3.9 6.12 12.24 2.24 9.46 10.61 3.4 4.8 3.44 7.68 5.2 7.3 2.63 7.27 3.97 8.08 10.61 7.0 8.92 12.22 8.21 9.85 1.7 9.69 4.5 9.7 9.67 3.70 7.60 8.21 8.25 7.6 Mol Form Name C18H33ClN2O5S Clindamycin C18H39N Octadecylamine C19H10Br4O5S Bromophenol Blue Phenol Red C19H14O5S C19H16ClNO4 Indomethacin C19H17N3O4S2 Cephaloridine Phenylbutazone C19H20N2O2 C19H21N Protriptyline C19H21NO3 Thebaine Cinchonine C19H22N2O C19H22N2O Cinchonidine C19H22N2O2 C19H22O6 C19H23N3O2 C19H23N3O2 C20H14O4 C20H21NO4 C20H23N C20H23N7O7 Cupreine Gibberellic acid Ergometrinine Ergonovine Phenolphthalein Papaverine Amitriptyline Folinic acid C20H24N2O2 Quinine C20H24N2O2 Quinidine C20H26N2O2 C21H14Br4O5S C21H16Br2O5S C21H18O5S C21H21NO6 C21H22N2O2 C21H23ClFNO2 C21H31NO4 C21H35N3O7 Hydroquinine Bromocresol Green Bromocresol Purple CresolRed Hydrastine Strychnine Haloperidol Furethidine Lisinopril C22H18O4 C22H22FN3O2 C22H23NO7 C22H25NO6 C22H25N3O o-Cresolphthalein Droperidol Noscapine Colchicine Benzpiperylon C22H33NO2 C23H26N2O4 Atisine Brucine C24H40O4 C24H40O5 C25H29I2NO3 C25H41NO9 C26H43NO6 C26H45NO7S C27H28Br2O5S C27H38N2O4 C29H32O13 C29H40N2O4 Deoxycholic acid Cholic acid Amiodarone Aconine Glycocholic acid Taurocholic acid Bromothymol Blue Verapamil Etoposide Emetine Step t/°C 25 15 2 25 2 25 25 20 20 25 20 2 25 pKa 7.6 10.60 4.0 7.9 4.5 3.2 4.5 8.2 6.05 5.85 9.92 5.80 10.03 6.57 4.0 7.3 6.8 9.7 6.4 9.4 3.1 4.8 10.4 8.52 4.13 5.4 10.0 5.33 4.7 6.3 8.3 7.8 8.26 8.3 7.48 2.5 4.0 6.7 10.1 9.4 7.64 7.8 12.36 6.73 9.13 12.2 6.04 11.07 6.58 6.4 6.56 9.52 4.4 1.4 7.0 8.6 9.8 5.77 6.64 DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES (continued) Mol Form Name C30H23BrO4 C30H48O3 C31H36N2O11 Bromadiolone Oleanolic acid Novobiocin C32H32O13S C33H40N2O9 C34H47NO11 Teniposide Reserpine Aconitine Step t/°C pKa Mol Form 21 4.04 2.52 4.3 9.1 10.13 6.6 5.88 C36H51NO11 C37H67NO13 C43H58N4O12 Veratridine Erythromycin Rifampin C45H73NO15 C46H56N4O10 C46H58N4O9 Solanine Vincristine Vinblastine TeamLRN Name Step t/°C 15 pKa 9.54 8.8 1.7 7.9 6.66 5.4 5.4 7.4 SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS The solubility product constant Ksp is a useful parameter for calculating the aqueous solubility of sparingly soluble compounds under various conditions It may be determined by direct measurement or calculated from the standard Gibbs energies of formation ∆fG° of the species involved at their standard states Thus if Ksp = [M+]m [A–]n is the equilibrium constant for the reaction MmAn(s) mM+(aq) + nA– (aq), where MmAn is the slightly soluble substance and M+ and A- are the ions produced in solution by the dissociation of MmAn, then the Gibbs energy change is ∆G° = m ∆fG° (M+,aq) + n ∆fG° (A–,aq) -∆fG° (MmAn, s) The solubility product constant is calculated from the equation ln Ksp = -∆ G°/RT The first table below gives selected values of Ksp at 25°C Many of these have been calculated from standard state thermodynamic data in References and 2; other values are taken from publications of the IUPAC Solubility Data Project (References to 7) The above formulation is not convenient for treating sulfides because the S-2 ion is usually not present in significant concentrations (see Reference 8) This is due to the hydrolysis reaction S-2 + H2O HS– + OH– which is strongly shifted to the right except in very basic solutions Furthermore, the equilibrium constant for this reaction, which depends on the second ionization constant of H2S, is poorly known Therefore it is more useful in the case of sulfides to define a different solubility product Kspa based on the reaction MmSn(s) + 2H+ mM+ + nH2S (aq) Values of Kspa , taken from Reference 8, are given for several sulfides in the auxiliary table following the main table Additional discussion of sulfide equilibria may be found in References and REFERENCES Wagman, D.D., Evans, W.H., Parker, V.B., Schumm, R.H., Halow, I., Bailey, S.M., Churney, K.L., and Nuttall, R L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J Phys Chem Ref Data, Vol 11, Suppl 2, 1982 Garvin, D., Parker, V.B., and White, H.J., CODATA Thermodynamic Tables, Hemisphere, New York, 1987 Solubility Data Series (53 Volumes), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979—1992 Clever, H.L., and Johnston, F.J., J Phys Chem Ref Data, 9, 751, 1980 Marcus, Y., J Phys Chem Ref Data, 9, 1307, 1980 Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J Phys Chem Ref Data, 14, 631, 1985 Clever, H.L., Johnson, S.A., and Derrick, M.E., J Phys Chem Ref Data, 21, 941, 1992 Myers, R.J., J Chem Educ., 63, 687, 1986 Licht, S., J Electrochem Soc.,135, 2971, 1988 Compound Aluminum phosphate Barium bromate Barium carbonate Barium chromate Barium fluoride Barium hydroxide octahydrate Barium iodate Barium iodate monohydrate Barium molybdate Barium nitrate Barium selenate Barium sulfate Barium sulfite Beryllium hydroxide Bismuth arsenate Formula AlPO4 Ba(BrO3)2 BaCO3 BaCrO4 BaF2 Ba(OH)2⋅8H2O Ba(IO3)2 Ba(IO3)2⋅H2O BaMoO4 Ba(NO3)2 BaSeO4 BaSO4 BaSO3 Be(OH)2 BiAsO4 © 2000 CRC Press LLC TeamLRN Ksp 9.84⋅10-21 2.43⋅10-4 2.58⋅10-9 1.17⋅10-10 1.84⋅10-7 2.55⋅10-4 4.01⋅10-9 1.67⋅10-9 3.54⋅10-8 4.64⋅10-3 3.40⋅10-8 1.08⋅10-10 5.0⋅10-10 6.92⋅10-22 4.43⋅10-10 SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued) Compound Bismuth iodide Cadmium arsenate Cadmium carbonate Cadmium fluoride Cadmium hydroxide Cadmium iodate Cadmium oxalate trihydrate Cadmium phosphate Calcium carbonate (calcite) Calcium fluoride Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodate Calcium iodate hexahydrate Calcium molybdate Calcium oxalate monohydrate Calcium phosphate Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate dihydrate Calcium sulfite hemihydrate Cesium perchlorate Cesium periodate Cobalt(II) arsenate Cobalt(II) hydroxide (blue) Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate Cobalt(II) phosphate Copper(I) bromide Copper(I) chloride Copper(I) cyanide Copper(I) iodide Copper(I) thiocyanate Copper(II) arsenate Copper(II) iodate monohydrate Copper(II) oxalate Copper(II) phosphate Europium(III) hydroxide Gallium(III) hydroxide Iron(II) carbonate Iron(II) fluoride Iron(II) hydroxide Iron(III) hydroxide Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate Lanthanum iodate Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) carbonate Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) fluoride Lead(II) hydroxide Lead(II) iodate Lead(II) iodide Lead(II) selenate Lead(II) sulfate Lithium carbonate Lithium fluoride Lithium phosphate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate trihydrate Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate Magnesium fluoride Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxalate dihydrate © 2000 CRC Press LLC Formula BiI3 Cd3(AsO4)2 CdCO3 CdF2 Cd(OH)2 Cd(IO3)2 CdC2O4⋅3H2O Cd3(PO4)2 CaCO3 CaF2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(IO3)2 Ca(IO3)2⋅6H2O CaMoO4 CaC2O4⋅H2O Ca3(PO4)2 CaSO4 CaSO4⋅2H2O CaSO3⋅0.5H2O CsClO4 CsIO4 Co3(AsO4)2 Co(OH)2 Co(IO3)2⋅2H2O Co3(PO4)2 CuBr CuCl CuCN CuI CuSCN Cu3(AsO4)2 Cu(IO3)2⋅H2O CuC2O4 Cu3(PO4)2 Eu(OH)3 Ga(OH)3 FeCO3 FeF2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 FePO4⋅2H2O La(IO3)3 PbBr2 PbCO3 PbCl2 PbF2 Pb(OH)2 Pb(IO3)2 PbI2 PbSeO4 PbSO4 Li2CO3 LiF Li3PO4 MgCO3 MgCO3⋅3H2O MgCO3⋅5H2O MgF2 Mg(OH)2 MgC2O4⋅2H2O Ksp 7.71⋅10-19 2.2⋅10-33 1.0⋅10-12 6.44⋅10-3 7.2⋅10-15 2.5⋅10-8 1.42⋅10-8 2.53⋅10-33 3.36⋅10-9 3.45⋅10-11 5.02⋅10-6 6.47⋅10-6 7.10⋅10-7 1.46⋅10-8 2.32⋅10-9 2.07⋅10-33 4.93⋅10-5 3.14⋅10-5 3.1⋅10-7 3.95⋅10-3 5.16⋅10-6 6.80⋅10-29 5.92⋅10-15 1.21⋅10-2 2.05⋅10-35 6.27⋅10-9 1.72⋅10-7 3.47⋅10-20 1.27⋅10-12 1.77⋅10-13 7.95⋅10-36 6.94⋅10-8 4.43⋅10-10 1.40⋅10-37 9.38⋅10-27 7.28⋅10-36 3.13⋅10-11 2.36⋅10-6 4.87⋅10-17 2.79⋅10-39 9.91⋅10-16 7.50⋅10-12 6.60⋅10-6 7.40⋅10-14 1.70⋅10-5 3.3⋅10-8 1.43⋅10-20 3.69⋅10-13 9.8⋅10-9 1.37⋅10-7 2.53⋅10-8 8.15⋅10-4 1.84⋅10-3 2.37⋅10-11 6.82⋅10-6 2.38⋅10-6 3.79⋅10-6 5.16⋅10-11 5.61⋅10-12 4.83⋅10-6 SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued) Compound Magnesium phosphate Manganese(II) carbonate Manganese(II) iodate Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate Mercury(I) bromide Mercury(I) carbonate Mercury(I) chloride Mercury(I) fluoride Mercury(I) iodide Mercury(I) oxalate Mercury(I) sulfate Mercury(I) thiocyanate Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(II) iodide Neodymium carbonate Nickel(II) carbonate Nickel(II) hydroxide Nickel(II) iodate Nickel(II) phosphate Palladium(II) thiocyanate Potassium hexachloroplatinate Potassium perchlorate Potassium periodate Praseodymium hydroxide Radium iodate Radium sulfate Rubidium perchlorate Scandium fluoride Scandium hydroxide Silver(I) acetate Silver(I) arsenate Silver(I) bromate Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) carbonate Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) chromate Silver(I) cyanide Silver(I) iodate Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) oxalate Silver(I) phosphate Silver(I) sulfate Silver(I) sulfite Silver(I) thiocyanate Strontium arsenate Strontium carbonate Strontium fluoride Strontium iodate Strontium iodate monohydrate Strontium iodate hexahydrate Strontium sulfate Thallium(I) bromate Thallium(I) bromide Thallium(I) chloride Thallium(I) chromate Thallium(I) iodate Thallium(I) iodide Thallium(I) thiocyanate Thallium(III) hydroxide Tin(II) hydroxide Formula Ksp Mg3(PO4)2 MnCO3 Mn(IO3)2 MnC2O4⋅2H2O Hg2Br2 Hg2CO3 Hg2Cl2 Hg2F2 Hg2I2 Hg2C2O4 Hg2SO4 Hg2(SCN)2 HgBr2 HgI2 Nd2(CO3)3 NiCO3 Ni(OH)2 Ni(IO3)2 Ni3(PO4)2 Pd(SCN)2 K2PtCl6 KClO4 KIO4 Pr(OH)3 Ra(IO3)2 RaSO4 RbClO4 ScF3 Sc(OH)3 AgCH3COO Ag3AsO4 AgBrO3 AgBr Ag2CO3 AgCl Ag2CrO4 AgCN AgIO3 AgI Ag2C2O4 Ag3PO4 Ag2SO4 Ag2SO3 AgSCN Sr3(AsO4)2 SrCO3 SrF2 Sr(IO3)2 Sr(IO3)2⋅H2O Sr(IO3)2⋅6H2O SrSO4 TlBrO3 TlBr TlCl Tl2CrO4 TlIO3 TlI TlSCN Tl(OH)3 Sn(OH)2 1.04⋅10-24 2.24⋅10-11 4.37⋅10-7 1.70⋅10-7 6.40⋅10-23 3.6⋅10-17 1.43⋅10-18 3.10⋅10-6 5.2⋅10-29 1.75⋅10-13 6.5⋅10-7 3.2⋅10-20 6.2⋅10-20 2.9⋅10-29 1.08⋅10-33 1.42⋅10-7 5.48⋅10-16 4.71⋅10-5 4.74⋅10-32 4.39⋅10-23 7.48⋅10-6 1.05⋅10-2 3.71⋅10-4 3.39⋅10-24 1.16⋅10-9 3.66⋅10-11 3.00⋅10-3 5.81⋅10-24 2.22⋅10-31 1.94⋅10-3 1.03⋅10-22 5.38⋅10-5 5.35⋅10-13 8.46⋅10-12 1.77⋅10-10 1.12⋅10-12 5.97⋅10-17 3.17⋅10-8 8.52⋅10-17 5.40⋅10-12 8.89⋅10-17 1.20⋅10-5 1.50⋅10-14 1.03⋅10-12 4.29⋅10-19 5.60⋅10-10 4.33⋅10-9 1.14⋅10-7 3.77⋅10-7 4.55⋅10-7 3.44⋅10-7 1.10⋅10-4 3.71⋅10-6 1.86⋅10-4 8.67⋅10-13 3.12⋅10-6 5.54⋅10-8 1.57⋅10-4 1.68⋅10-44 5.45⋅10-27 © 2000 CRC Press LLC TeamLRN SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS (continued) Compound Formula Ksp Yttrium carbonate Yttrium fluoride Yttrium hydroxide Yttrium iodate Zinc arsenate Zinc carbonate Zinc carbonate monohydrate Zinc fluoride Zinc hydroxide Zinc iodate dihydrate Zinc oxalate dihydrate Zinc selenide Zinc selenite monohydrate Y2(CO3)3 YF3 Y(OH)3 Y(IO3)3 Zn3(AsO4)2 ZnCO3 ZnCO3⋅H2O ZnF2 Zn(OH)2 Zn(IO3)2⋅2H2O ZnC2O4⋅2H2O ZnSe ZnSeO3⋅H2O 1.03⋅10-31 8.62⋅10-21 1.00⋅10-22 1.12⋅10-10 2.8⋅10-28 1.46⋅10-10 5.42⋅10-11 3.04⋅10-2 3⋅10-17 4.1⋅10-6 1.38⋅10-9 3.6⋅10-26 1.59⋅10-7 Sulfides Compound Cadmium sulfide Copper(II) sulfide Iron(II) sulfide Lead(II) sulfide Manganese(II) sulfide (green) Mercury(II) sulfide (red) Mercury(II) sulfide (black) Silver(I) sulfide Tin(II) sulfide Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) © 2000 CRC Press LLC Formula CdS CuS FeS PbS MnS HgS HgS Ag2S SnS ZnS ZnS Kspa 8⋅10-7 6⋅10-16 6⋅102 3⋅10-7 3⋅107 4⋅10-33 2⋅10-32 6⋅10-30 1⋅10-5 2⋅10-4 3⋅10-2 STRENGTHS OF CHEMICAL BONDS* J Alistair Kerr The strength of a chemical bond, D∞(R-X), often known as the bond dissociation energy, is defined as the standard enthalpy change of the reaction in which the bond is broken: RX Æ R + X It is given by the thermochemical equation, D∞(R-X) = DfH∞(R) + DfH∞(X) - DfH∞(RX) Some authors list bond strengths at a temperature of absolute zero but here the values at 298 K are given because more thermodynamic data are available for this temperature Bond strengths or bond dissociation energies are not equal to, and may differ considerably from, mean bond energies determined solely from thermochemical data on atoms and molecules Table BOND STRENGTHS IN DIATOMIC MOLECULES These have usually been measured spectroscopically or by mass spectrometric analysis of hot gases effusing a Knudsen cell Excellent accounts of these and other methods are given in (i) Dissociation Energies and Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, by A G Gaydon, 3rd ed., Chapman & Hall, London, 1968 and (ii) “Mass Spectrometric Determination of Bond Energies of High-Temperature Molecules”, K A Gingerich, Chimia, 26, 619, 1972 The errors quoted in the table are those given in the original paper or review article The references have been chosen primarily as a key to the literature It should not be assumed that the author referred to was responsible for the value quoted, as the reference may be to a review article Bond strengths reported at a temperature of absolute zero, D∞0, have been converted to D∞298 by the use of enthalpy functions taken mainly from the JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J Phys Chem Ref Data, 14, Suppl 1, 1985, wherever possible For most bonds, however, this data is not available and the conversion has been made by the approximate relation: D∞298 = D∞0 + (3/2)RT The list below does not include the increasing number of bond strengths of diatomic molecules now being calculated by ab initio methods The Table has been arranged in an alphabetical order of the atoms Molecule Ag-Ag Ag-Al Ag-Au Ag-Bi Ag-Br Ag-Cl Ag-Cu Ag-D Ag-Dy Ag-Eu Ag-F Ag-Ga Ag-Ge Ag-H Ag-Ho Ag-I Ag-In Ag-Li Ag-Mn Ag-Na Ag-Nd Ag-O Ag-S Ag-Se Ag-Si Ag-Sn Ag-Te Al-Al Al-Ar Al-As Al-Au Al-Br D∞298/kJ mol–1 160.3 ± 3.4 183.7 ± 9.2 202.9 ± 9.2 193 ± 42 293 ± 29 314.2 174.1 ± 9.2 226.8 130 ± 19 129.7 ± 12.6 354.4 ± 16.3 180 ± 15 174.5 ± 20.9 215.1 ± 123.4 ± 16.7 234 ± 29 166.5 ± 4.9 173.6 ± 6.3 100 ± 21 138.1 ± 8.4 [...]... -666.7 92.9 82.1 -464.0 264.5 307.4 261.6 41.8 46.8 49.6 70.9 61.1 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Substances containing carbon: Iron carbide Methylidyne Bromochlorofluoromethane Bromodichloromethane Bromodifluoromethane Chlorodibromomethane Dibromofluoromethane Tribromomethane Chlorodifluoromethane Dichlorofluoromethane Trichloromethane Cesium hydrogen carbonate Formyl fluoride... 192.4 21.4 25.5 159.0 130.0 176.5 20.8 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-24 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol Rubidium Rhenium Rhodium Radon Ruthenium Sulfur (rhombic) Sulfur (monoclinic) Silicon monosulfide Tin(II) sulfide Strontium sulfide Thallium(I) sulfide Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) Disulfur Antimony Diantimony Scandium Selenium (gray) Selenium (a form)... Silver(I) carbonate Barium carbonate Beryllium carbonate Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromodichlorofluoromethane Bromotrichloromethane Bromotrifluoromethane Cyanogen bromide Bromotrinitromethane Dibromochlorofluoromethane Dibromodichloromethane Dibromodifluoromethane Carbonyl bromide Tribromochloromethane Tribromofluoromethane Tetrabromomethane Calcium carbonate (calcite) Calcium carbonate (aragonite) Cadmium... -923.8 -1343.8 -1058.1 146.0 81.2 133.6 118.7 -525.5 -858.9 85.2 92.8 135.2 32.2 51.1 87.3 76.5 49.6 96.2 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-13 TeamLRN Cl3Y Cl3Yb Cl4Ge Cl4Hf Cl4Pa Cl4Pb Cl4Pt Cl4Si Cl4Sn Cl4Te Cl4Th Cl4Ti Cl4U Cl4V Cl4Zr Cl5Nb Cl5P Cl5Pa Cl5Ta Cl6U Cl6W Cm Co CoF2 CoH2O2 CoI2 CoN2O6 CoO CoO4S CoS Co2S3 Co3O4 Cr CrF2 CrF3 CrI2 CrI3 CrO2 CrO3 CrO4Pb Cr2FeO4 Cr2O3... 190.5 184.9 277.1 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-32 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol 1H-Pyrazole Imidazole Acrolein 1,2-Propanedione Acrylic acid 2-Oxetanone Ethylene carbonate cis-1-Bromopropene 3-Bromopropene Bromoacetone 2-Chloropropene 3-Chloropropene Epichlorohydrin 2-Chloropropanoic acid 3-Chloropropanoic acid Ethyl chloroformate Methyl chloroacetate... -1058.5 -1288.7 -1190.2 -1160.6 -1051.9 -1277.8 -1150.0 339.2 331.9 311.8 301.9 73.3 74.3 70.3 -1657.0 -915.5 -1629.2 -1778.0 -1555.6 92.0 -1502.1 -1718.8 -1433.4 -1644.7 123.4 100.0 95.1 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-15 TeamLRN FK FLi FNO FNO2 FNS FNa FO FO2 FRb FSi FTl F2 F2Fe F2HK F2HN F2HNa F2HRb F2Mg F2N F2N2 F2N2 F2Ni F2O F2OS F2O2 F2O2S F2O2U F2Pb F2Si F2Sr F2Zn F3Ga F3Gd... -1473.0 -1631.4 175.7 259.7 251.5 169.8 -1220.5 -1117.0 -2383.3 -1318.0 -2147.4 -1721.7 416.3 71.0 -1075.0 -272.0 -928.4 -1155.0 -100.0 -178.2 -824.2 -1479.9 -1118.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 272.0 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-16 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol Gallium(III) hydroxide Gallium(III) iodide Gallium nitride Gallium monoxide Gallium phosphide Gallium antimonide Digallium Gallium... -1748.1 -33.5 -379.7 -992.8 -1608.2 40.0 64.4 113.0 150.5 -418.8 -238.9 -373.9 -195.8 94.0 88.0 -948.5 -1159.0 -762.3 -656.4 158.2 36.4 59.5 -80.7 327.3 155.6 140.6 109.9 135.3 69.0 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-17 TeamLRN GaH3O3 GaI3 GaN GaO GaP GaSb Ga2 Ga2O Ga2O3 Gd Gd2O3 Ge GeH3I GeH4 GeI4 GeO GeO2 GeP GeS GeTe Ge2 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 H HI HIO3 HK HKO HKO4S HLi HLiO HN HNO2... -127.2 -201.4 -100.0 -128.8 50.7 35.0 36.7 31.0 -595.4 -1124.3 -72.8 -112.5 110.5 63.7 117.0 106.1 -1271.7 -183.9 151.1 150.8 145.0 49.3 50.6 -256.5 -365.6 -1123.6 139.3 149.3 121.2 98.9 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-18 Molecular Formula ⌬fH° kJ/mol Ammonium azide Orthosilicic acid Diphosphoric acid Diphosphine Silane Stannane Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium hydrogen sulfite Ammonium... -333.8 -123.8 0.0 -364.0 -78.2 -175.5 -143.5 -558.1 -328.9 -125.4 53.2 -358.2 118.4 127.6 116.1 129.7 -173.6 174.9 77.4 0.0 132.0 27.2 115.0 75.9 28.0 52.9 106.5 51.0 52.1 92.0 54.4 81.6 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 5-19 TeamLRN H4N4 H4O4Si H4O7P2 H4P2 H4Si H4Sn H5NO H5NO3S H5NO4S H6Si2 H8N2O4S H8Si3 H9N2O4P H12N3O4P He Hf HfO2 Hg HgI2 HgO HgO4S HgS HgTe Hg2 Hg2I2 Hg2O4S Ho Ho2O3 ... the standard state pressure The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the... tabulated are: DfH° DfG° S° Cp Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar entropy at 298.15... in J/mol K The standard state pressure is 100 kPa (1 bar) The standard states are defined for different phases by: • • • The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance