Slide anh văn học phần IV unit 7

http://www.bized.co.uk Business Functions and Organisation Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Business Functions • Human Resources • Sales and Marketing • Research and Development • Production/Operations • Customer Service • Finance and Accounts • Administration and IT Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Human Resources • Recruitment and retention – Job descriptions – Person Specifications • • • • • Dismissal Redundancy Motivation Professional development and training Health and safety and conditions at work • Liaison with trade unions Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Sales and Marketing • • • • • • Market research Promotion strategies Pricing strategies Sales strategies The sales team Product – advice on new product development, product improvement, extension strategies, target markets Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Research and Development • New product development • Product improvements • Competitive advantage • Value added • Product testing • Efficiency gains • Cost savings Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Finance and Accounts • Cash flow – Monitoring income/revenue – Monitoring expenditure • Preparing accounts • Raising finance – Shares – Loans • Links with all other functional areas Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Production/Operations • • • • • Acquiring resources Planning output – labour, capital, land Monitoring costs Projections on future output Production methods – – – – Batch Flow Job Cell • Efficiency Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Customer Service • Monitoring distribution • After-sales service • Handling consumer enquiries • Offering advice to consumers • Dealing with customer complaints • Publicity and public relations Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Business Organisation • Organisation by type • Global businesses – complex organisation structures • National – organisation possibly stretches throughout the country • Regional – could be through a county or wider area (North West, South East, etc.) • Local – small organisations serving local area or community Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Business Organisation • Authority – the right to make decisions and carry out tasks • Span of control – the number of people a superior is responsible for • Chain of Command – the relationship between different levels of authority in the business • Hierarchy – shows the line management in the business and who has specific responsibilities • Delegation – authority to carry out actions passed from superior to subordinate • Empowerment – giving responsibilities to people at all levels of the business to make decisions Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Administration and IT •Managing estates – cleaning, health and safety, maintenance, security •Reception •Clerical work – reporting, recording, record keeping, communication •Overview of quality control •Use of IT systems Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Hierarchical Structure Managing Director Marketing Director Sales Director A B C D Market Research Finance Director Strategy Purchasing Sales Manager Manager Accounts Manager Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Pyramidal Structure MD Senior Management Middle Management Workers Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Centralised/Entrepreneurial Finance R&D Production MD Marketing Sales Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Collaborative Sales Accounts Marketing Production Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Circular/Flat Marketing Finance Sales Production R&D Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Matrix Structure Marketing Sales R&D Project HR Production Finance Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts • Changes to business structures • Linked to new thinking on leadership and management • Less hierarchical • Emphasis on communication and collaboration between sections • Global businesses – more complex structures Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed [...]... 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Centralised/Entrepreneurial Finance R&D Production MD Marketing Sales Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Collaborative Sales Accounts Marketing Production Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Organisation Charts Circular/Flat Marketing Finance Sales Production R&D Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk ... Recruitment and retention – Job descriptions – Person Specifications • • • • • Dismissal Redundancy Motivation Professional development and training Health and safety and conditions at work • Liaison... http://www.bized.co.uk Research and Development • New product development • Product improvements • Competitive advantage • Value added • Product testing • Efficiency gains • Cost savings Copyright 2006 –... wider area (North West, South East, etc.) • Local – small organisations serving local area or community Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed http://www.bized.co.uk Business Organisation • Authority – the right