Tiếng Anh và mức độ quan trọng đối với cuộc sống của học sinh, sinh viên Việt Nam.Khi nhắc tới tiếng Anh, người ta nghĩ ngay đó là ngôn ngữ toàn cầu: là ngôn ngữ chính thức của hơn 53 quốc gia và vùng lãnh thổ, là ngôn ngữ chính thức của EU và là ngôn ngữ thứ 3 được nhiều người sử dụng nhất chỉ sau tiếng Trung Quốc và Tây Ban Nha (các bạn cần chú ý là Trung quốc có số dân hơn 1 tỷ người). Các sự kiện quốc tế , các tổ chức toàn cầu,… cũng mặc định coi tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ giao tiếp.
Trang 1VOCABULARY BUILDER
OUTCOMES
REAL ENGLISH FOR THE REAL WORLD
The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder booklet contains key language
from the Student's Book and is organised by unit so that learners
can easily refer to the words they need while they are studying
The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder contains:
• A short explanation for each word
• Common collocations and phrases
• Practice activities
• Regular language boxes for extra information on word
families, word-building and phrasal verbs
• Answer key
Also available for the student:
• Workbook - additional language and skills practice, a
Developing Writing section, extra activities for the Outcomes
Vocabulary Builder and audio CDs for the listening activities
• MyOutcomes - online practice for grammar, vocabulary and all
four skills Use for self study or interact with your teacher and
get feedback on your progress Pin code available at the back
of the Student's Book
/ V HEINLE
t % CENGAGE Learning
Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning, is a leading provider of materials for English language
teaching and learning throughout the world
Visit Heinle at http://elt.heinle.com
/ V HEINLE
INTERMEDIATE
OUTCOMES
Trang 2Guide to Pronunciation Symbols
Diphthong (two vowels together)
When writing the sound of a word (its phonemic transcription), always put lines like these //on either
side of the word:
/vaen/
Stress shown with marks like these
' shows the primary stress in a word For example, / ' go dan/ gcmien
, shows the secondary stress For example, / , tell'Vljjn/ teleiuiiati
INTRODUCTION TO OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER
Learning vocabulary in collocations and phrases will develop your fluency And doing a little revision regularly is the best way to learn vocabulary That's what the Outcomes Vocabulary Builder (OVB) will help you with
It has been written to provide you with the important vocabulary in the Student's Book and to show you how these
words are commonly used It does not include easier words which you should know from lower levels such as boring,
or unusual words, which you probably don't need to remember at this level
What each entry contains
• Each entry has a short explanation of the word's meaning and often gives information on other forms or opposites
• There is then a list of up to six typical collocations and phrases that the word is used with
• Regular language boxes provide extra information on word families, phrasal verbs etc
How the OVB is organised
It is organised to make it quick and easy to use in class and to revise at home
• Each unit in the OVB contains the most important new words from exercises, texts and listenings in the unit
of the Student's Book
• The units are then divided according to each double page of the Student's Book and the words within those pages are written in alphabetical order
• At the end of each unit there are exercises to do
• There is an answer key at the back of the book
Ways you can use the OVB
• Read the word list before you study the unit in the book
• Translate all the words you don't know based on the explanation Check the collocations for each word Do they make sense? Are any different to your language?
• In class, if you have forgotten a word, look it up again Write out the collocation list and add one of your own
• Cover words in the list and say or write phrases with the word Then compare with the collocation list
• Choose five to ten words from the list to learn each day
• Put eight new words in a story using the collocations listed
• Do the exercises at the end of each unit some time after you've done it in class Then check the answers in
the key
• Write a list of the words you find difficult to remember and write sentences using the words
Trang 31
MY FIRST CLASS
PACES 8 - 9
abroad when you go abroad,you go to a different or
foreign country: I'd love to live ~ /she travels - a
lot /gofor a holiday Istudy
-accent an accent is the way you say words You can
tell where someone is from because of their
accent: she speaks with an American -la strong
French - (very noticeable) /aslight ~ (not very
noticeable)
involve when a job or a course involves something, it
includes it as an essential part: the job ~s talking
to people and solving their problems I it -s a lot of
hard work I it ~s computer programming
management management is the way of controlling
and organizing an organization.The management
is also the group of people who control an
organization.The verb is manage: he's studying
business - Ishe works in - Ithe company has good
- I improve - of the organization I she manages
the whole hotel
mile one mile is 1.6 kilometres. Miles is often used to
mean a long way: the town is soo -sfrom Moscow
I the hotel is only a ~ down the road I a tiny village
that's ~sfrom anywhere (not near any towns) / it's
~s to the nearest shop (a very long way)
remind to remind someone about something means
to make them remember it Be careful -you
cannot use remember with this meaning: she
reminded me about my doctor's appointment I
can you - me to phone home? I he ~s me of my
brother (he looks like my brother) / that song ~s
me of my wedding (it makes me think about my
wedding)
rude if something you say or do is rude, it is not polite
and might upset people: it's - to ask people their
age I I'm sorry-1 didn't mean to be -1 how-I I
a very - man I he knows all the - words!
seat a seat is the place where you sit: come in and take a - (sit down) / I'd prefer a window - (a seat next to the window) / the - next to me/the best
- in the theatre /you can book ~s in advance I the front - of a car
top the top person or thing is the highest, most
important or best: a - head teacher (one of the best) / she's the UK's - athlete I score - marks in the exam (very high marks) / he's in the - class (the class with the highest level) / they live on the - floor (the highest floor in a building)
PACES 1 0 - 1 1 available if something is available,you can get it or buy it The noun is availability: they want to make
language learning more ~ to students /the game
is - in the shops now (you can buy it) / her books are widely - (you can get them in lots of different places) /they're -forfree / I'm always - to help you (I can help you) / What's your availability for a meeting next week?
bilingual if you are bilingual,you speak two languages very fluently You can also be trilingual
(able to speak three languages) or multilingual
(able to speak many languages): I'm - in English and Turkish /grow up - Igo to a - school I be totally - / be almost -
continuity if there is continuity, things continue in a
similar way without changes or problems: there was good - between teachers I we always try and maintain - /it's important not to lose - / we had six different teachers, so there was a lack of-
deal with if you deal with something,you do what
is necessary If you deal with a problem,you solve
it: her job is to - complaints I he has to - lots of different people in his job/have to - some difficult customers / a difficult problem to -
defend if you defend something,you say you think
it is good when other people say it is bad: a lot of people criticized the proposals, but he ~ed them I he tried to - what she had said I he should stand up and - himself (say that his ideas are right)
disaster if something is a disaster, it is a complete
failure: the policy was a - /the party was a total - I the evening was a bit of a -
dub if you dub a film, you change the speaking
in it from one language into another The adjective is dubbed: do you like watching foreign
TV programmes that are -bed into your own language? I it's been -bed into English
environment an environment is the place or conditions you live in or work in Note that when
we talk about the environment we mean the
natural world: the school provides a good - to learn
in I it's a safe - to play in I a good working - I they learn better in a good learning -
evidence facts that show if something is true, or show if someone is guilty or innocent of a crime:
the police are still collecting - I there's no - against him I there's no - to suggest it's true
fluent if you are fluent, you speak a language easily, without making mistakes.The adverb is fluently
The noun is fluency: a - English speaker I I'm - in Spanish /you write very fluently I1 need to improve
my fluency
get by if you get by, you can do something quite
well, but not very well: I'm not very good at French, but I can just about - I1 don't know much about computers - but I - / he gets by at school - but he's not very academic
head the head of a country, organization or department is the leader or manager To head
something means to lead it or be in charge of
it: he's the - teacher (the leader of a school) / the queen is the - of state I the - of the company I he's -ing the negotiations
improve if you improve, you get better and if you improve something,you make it better.The noun is
improvement: my English is really improving I
to-your language learning /the economy is improving I
he was very ill, but he's slowly improving (becoming healthy again) /the government needs to - public transport I there has been a big improvement in your work
keep if you keep doing something,you continue to do
it or do it many times: - practising until you can do
it I - trying I he -s phoning me I1 -forgetting to send that email /he~s telling me I'm wrong
lack if there is a lack of something, it is missing If you lack something,you do not have any: there was a - of evidence I the idea failed because of a
of interest (people weren't interested in it) la
-of effort (not trying hard enough) I the country ~s money to improve education I he completely -s talent
maintain if you maintain something,you make it continue If you maintain a building,you keep it in
good condition: / can a conversation in French I
-a good rel-ationship with my neighbours I we try to
- high standards I they haven't -ed the house very well (they haven't kept it in good condition) /it costs a lot to - the school (to keep the buildings in
good condition)
motivation your motivation is the reason why you do something.The verb is motivate If you
motivate someone,you give them motivation:
he has no - to study / some students fail because
of a lack of - /1 lost all my - to go running during the winter I their teacher really knows how to motivate them
pick up if you pick up a language or some other skill,you learn it by seeing it or doing it, without
studying it in a classroom: / picked up a few words
of Turkish when I was staying there I they haven't
studied it at school but just picked it up off the street (by playing outside with otheryoung people) / she picks up languages very easily I1 showed him how to do it and he picked it up very quickly
point the point of something is the reason to do it:
what's the of studying for exams? I there's no speaking to him (it will not achieve anything) / the
of coming here is to learn English I1 don't see the
- of spending a lot of money on clothes
policy a policy is an idea or plan that a government
or organization follows: what is the government's
- on education? I health - I it's against company
- to employ people under 16 / they want the government to change its - on immigration
progress if you progress, you get better at doing something. Progress is also a noun: students - at different speeds /to- slowly /to- quickly I he's definitely -ing /she's made huge - this term (she
has got much better)
provide if you provide something,you give it to
people or make it available: I'll - all the food and drink I coffee will be -d in the break I they should - people with more information I this will -you with
was really doing something)
range when there is a range of things, there are a
number of different kinds of thing: we discussed
a - of topics I deal with a wide - of levels I the company provides a - of services /see our full -
of products
rely on if you rely on something,you need it and trust it The adjective for someone you can trust is
reliable The opposite is unreliable: she has to - her
parents for money (she needs her parents to give her money) / they - everyone else to speak English
(they need everyone else to speak English) /
you can't - him (you can't trust him) lits a very reliable train service (you can trust it) / he's totally unreliable (you can't trust him)
reply if you reply to someone, you give them an answer. Reply is also a noun: he replied in English I she didn't - to my letter I sorry for the delay in -ing 11 still haven't received a - from him 11 asked him a question, but he gave no - (he didn't say
on crime I they will - back to us next week (they
will tell us the information they have learnt)
Trang 4review if you review an idea or a policy, you think
about it again and decide what you should do
Review is also a noun: the government is going to
-its drug policy / we will - the situation next week /
a - of language policy
skills your skills are the abilities you have: she's got
good language - / have computer - / management
~ / learn new - / he's got poor people - (he doesn't
get on well with people)
teach yourself if you teach yourself something,
you learn it from books or by practising yourself,
without a teacher: is it possible to - English? / he
taught himself the guitar /1 taught myself how
to cook
trade trade is the business of buying and selling
things. Trade is also a verb: the company does a lot
of with China / they are worried they will lose
-/ they want to increase - with Europe -/ improve
the tourist - (the business of making money by
encouraging tourists to visit an area) /they - with
companies all over the world
PACES 1 2 - 1 3
bang if you bang something, you hit it. Bang is also
a noun: / was -ing on the door for ages /to - the
table hard /1 -ed my knee on the side of the table
(by accident) / / heard a - at the door (the sound of
someone banging)
chat if you chat to someone, you talk to them in a
friendly, informal way. Chat is also be a noun.The
adjective is chatty: we-ted for a while /1 often - to
her on the phone / have a - with someone / she's
very chatty (willing to spend time chatting)
excuse an excuse is the reason you give for why you
did something wrong: what'syour -for being
late? / give an - / invent (or make up) an - / a good
- / there's no -for being so rude
flat a flat is a group of rooms you can live in It is
usually part of a larger building In American
English, people say apartment: live in a - in the city
centre / look for a -to rent / a ground-floor - / a
top-floor - / a furnished - (with furniture already
in it) / live in a block of-s
run if a machine or vehicle is running, it is working:
the train -s every 30 minutes (it goes every 30
minutes) / the buses don't - after midnight / the
train and bus services usually - smoothly (without
problems) / the car -son diesel
rush if you rush, you do something or go somewhere very quickly, often because you do not have much time. Rush is also a noun: / -ed out of the house (left the house very quickly) /we had to - her to the doctor (take her to the doctor very quickly) /1 -ed the last question of the exam (did it too quickly) / I'm in a - (i don't have much time) / do
my homework in a
-sort out if you sort something out, you organize it: I need to - my holiday (organize it) / - the problem (solve it) /I'm trying to - my life (make it more organized and deal with problems in it) / - all my papers (organize them and put them in order)
spare if something is spare, it is extra: we've got a room / give you a - key / have no - time / have you got any - change (small amounts of money that
-you do not need)
PHRASAL VERBS
A phrasal verb is a verb and a particle that are used together with a particular meaning In some cases the particle does not change the meaning
of the verb.This is true for action verbs like walk and run For example, she rushed out of the house / let's walk down the stairs / they ran away with
my bag 11 fell over, mean that the person rushed, walked, ran or fell
However, sometimes adding the particle changes the meaning of the verb:
He walked out on his wife (he left his wife)
They ran out of food and drink (they used all the
food and needed more)
I fell out with my brother (we had an argument)
The other phrasal verbs in this unit are:
deal with (solve), grow up (become an adult),get
by (manage), p/'d: up (learn), rely on (trust), make up (invent), sort out (solve)
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 Their house is miles anywhere
2 She really reminds me my mother
3 The film is dubbed English
4 There was a lack interest in the idea
5 It's company policy to wear jeans
6 We'll provide everyone an opportunity to try it
7 I read a report crime in New York
8 We do a lot of trade theEU
9 There's no excuse that kind of behaviour
1 a language easily
2 in French
3 a film into English
4 food and drink
5 the situation
6 your language learning
В Match the nouns to the verbs Look up the nouns (a-f) if you need help
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
3 be fluent in Spanish speak three languages
4 improve your English showabig
in your English
5 have no motivation the team
to play better
6 rely on him a lot be a very
worker
A Choose the correct phrasal verb
1 I'm not very good with computers but I get
by / deal with
2 I have to deal with / rely on a lot of difficult
children in the class
3 He's very intelligent He picks things up/gets
by very quickly
4 Can you lend me some money? I rushed out / sorted out of the house this morning and I
forgot to get my purse
5 Many people don't have a car and rely on / make up public transport to get to work
6 We've almost/a//en out / run out of milk Can
you get some when you go out?
7 I'm going to stay at home this weekend and
sort out /pick up the house It's a complete
mess
В Which TWO words in the list below are NOT both a noun and verb?
policy progress question rush trade
A Put the verb in brackets into the correct form
[to + infinitive or-ing)
1 The job involves withyoung people, (work)
2 Can you remind me Ana a call after the class? (give)
3 I'll be available any problems at one o'clock, (deal with)
4 If you don't have any success first time, just keep (try)
5 I taught myself how and now I make my own jumpers, (knit)
6 There's no point here in the rain Let's go inside, (wait)
Trang 5FEELINGS
PACES 1 4 - 1 5
accommodation accommodation is a place such as a
house, flat or hotel where you can live or stay: the
tourist office can help you find - / the university
can't provide - / I've had some problems with
my ~ / there's plenty of good - in the town I I'm
living in student
-behind if you are behind with work,you are late, slow
or not doing as well as you should.The opposite is
ahead: I'm really - with my work / he's - at school /
the company's fallen - the competition / the project
is two months - schedule
break down if a machine or system breaks down,
it stops working: my car broke down on the
motorway / the central heating's broken down I
the company's payment system broke down
cheer up if you cheer up, you start to feel happier
If you cheer someone up, you make them feel
happier: I'm sure she'll - soon / ~- it's not that
bad /1 bought her some flowers to cheer her up /1
need to do something to cheer myself up / he needs
cheering up
confused if you are confused,you cannot understand
something: she tried explaining it to me, but I was
still ~ I I'm a bit - about how much I have to pay /
she looked very
-disappointed if you are disappointed,you are unhappy
because something is not as good as you wanted
or expected: she was - with her exam results /1 was
really - at not getting the job / he was very - that
you missed his birthday /1 was a bit - by the film
due if something is due, it should happen or arrive at
a certain time: the baby is - next month /the train
was - ten minutes ago / they were - to arrive at six
o'clock / my rent's - today (I have to pay it today) /
my pay's - next week (I will receive it then)
exhausted if you are exhausted, you are really tired:
sit down -you must be- / I'm absolutely - /1 always feel - by the end of the week /1 was too - to argue with him
fed up if you are fed up with something, you no
longer like it because it is boring or annoying: I'm with my job / You look a bit - / I'm getting - with this awful weather /1 was - of waiting
-furious if you are furious, you are very angry: he was about the damage to his car /1 was - when I heard what they'd done / they were - with me for being late /she was - at how much it cost
-guilty if you feel guilty about something,you feel bad because you think you have done something wrong If someone is guilty, they have committed
a crime: I feel a bit - because I haven't rung him for ages /1 feel - about not inviting her / he gave me
a - look when I asked him where the money was /
he was found - of murder (a court decided that he
was guilty)
hardly almost nothing or no one: he - said anything all evening (he said very little) / there was - anyone there (there were very few people) /speak up -1 can - hear you (I can't hear you very well) / ) - ever see him (very rarely) / we were so far back that I could - see the stage (it was very difficult to see) / there's - any crime here (almost no crime)
join if you join someone,you go to where they are so
that you are with them: would you like to - us} I do you mind if I-your /'she can't come now, but she'll
- us for dinner / please - the queue (stand in the
queue and wait)
mood your mood is how you feel: she's been in a bad all day (feeling angry) / listening to music always puts me in a good - (makes me feel happy) /I'm not in the - to go out / ignore him - he's in a funny - (a strange mood)
-pleased if you are pleased with something,you are
happy or satisfied with it: / was really - with my exam results /1 feel - with myself for giving up smoking I I'll be - to help (willing to help) / - to meet you (said when you meet someone for the
first time)
relief if you feel relief, you feel happy because
something bad or worrying has ended: it was a
-to hear you weren't hurt / he gave a sigh of - / it's
a - to know I'm not the only one with problems / the doctors gave him pain - (medicine to get rid
terrible if you feel terrible, you feel very ill, sad or
guilty: I've got a high temperature and I feel - /
I felt - about disappointing them /1 feel -for not telling you the truth /are you OK? You look -!
throw up if you throw up, you are sick A more formal word is vomit: / think I'm going to- /1 was up
all night throwing up / he threw up all over the bathroom floor
upset if you are upset, you are sad or angry about
something: he was quite - when I spoke to him /
I was very - about it / we were all very - by her death /she was too - to talk /he's a bit - that no-one told him about the party
WORD FAMILIES AND -ED ADJECTIVES
Most -ed adjectives come from verbs that are commonly used
bore: football ~s те/ I'm sorry to-you with my
problems
confuse: / don't want to -you by giving you too
much information / this research -s matters further
disappoint: / don't want to - them /1 hate to
-you, but the concert's already sold out
please: / knew the result would - him /you can't
-everyone all the time
Sometimes the verb can have a different meaning
to the -ed adjective
exhaust: we've -ed all the possibilities (tried them
all) / what will we do when we've -ed the supplies
of oil? (used them all)
The nouns related to -ed adjectives can vary a lot
in their form
boredom: / was falling asleep with - /1 thought I was going to die of -
confusion: There was some - about who had won /
put your name on your bags to avoid
-disappointment: book early to avoid - I losing the match was a big -
pleasure: is your trip for business or-? I it's a - to
work with you (it's enjoyable)
exhaustion: she was suffering from - / he was weak wili\
PACES 1 6 - 1 7
approach if you approach something,you get nearer
to it If you approach someone, you go towards
them and speak to them: a woman -ed me in the street /you can always - him with a problem (talk
to him about it) / the company -ed me and offered
me a job / things became more tense as the election -ed (came closer)
atmosphere the atmosphere in a place is the feeling
you get from being there: a hotel with a lovely
relaxing - / the club's got a great - / there's a nasty
- at work / he spoiled the friendly - with his stupid comments / he sensed the tense - as soon as he walked in
attempt if you make an attempt to do something, you try to do it. Attempt is also a verb: he made a desperate - to save the child / he failed in his - to break the world record / she succeeded in her - to get elected I it was a deliberate - to hide the truth I
he -ed to climb Mount Everest
campaign a campaign is a series of actions you
do because you want to win something or
persuade people about something: his free hugs' campaign has been very successful / they are starting a new - against poverty/a military - against the rebels / an election - / the government launched an anti-smoking - / run a - against drink driving
discovery a discovery is something new that you find
or learn.The verb is discover: scientists have made
an exciting - / this is an important new - / they discovered gold in the mountains
intend if you intend to do something, you plan to do
it in the future: he -s to carry on hugging people /
I don't think she -ed me to see the email / what do you - to do about this?
isolated if someone feels isolated, they feel very alone An isolated place is far away from towns
and cities: she felt very - when her parents died / they live in an - village / this was just an - incident
(just one, not part of a series)
line a line is a telephone number or connection A
help line is a number you phone to ask for advice:
you can call our help -for more information I the customer service - is open 24 hours a day /all the
~s are busy at the moment /you need to dial g to get an outside - / could you hold the - and I'll try and find her for you
loss a loss is when you lose something It can be a game that you lose, or money that a company loses It can also be the sad feeling you have when
someone close to you dies: fh/s was the team's third this year / the company made a big - last month / his death was a great - to us all / I'm sorry for your -
-mark a mark is the number or grade you get for a piece of work or an exam When a teacher marks
work, they correct it and give it a number or grade:
/ didn't expect to get such a high - / he got top ~s
in the test I get a low - / the pass - is 40 per cent /you lose -sfor bad spelling /the teacher hasn't marked the exams yet
meaningful if something is meaningful it is serious
or important and useful: he finds it hard to make connections with other people / she wants to have
-a - life / the se-arch for -a - rel-ationship / we should have a - debate about the problem
miserable if you are miserable, you are very sad If
something is miserable, it makes you sad: I felt
Trang 6a bit - when everyone left / he's had a -year / what
a day (with bad weather) / the weather was
-last week (very bad)
protect if you protect someone,you stop things from
hurting them If you protect something, you stop
things from damaging it: a friend came along
to - him /the animals are -edfrom hunters /you
need to yourselffrom the sun / wear goggles to
-your eyes
response a response is an answer to a question
or letter, or a reaction to something that has
happened: / wrote to him last week, but I haven't had
a -yet / we got a positive - to our idea / there was a
disappointing -from the public / I'm writing in - to
your letter / his comments provoked an angry
-skills skills are things that you are able to do,
especially things you can do well: she wants to
improve her computer - / he has no social - (he
doesn't know how to talk to other people) / she
has good organizational / he lacks the necessary
-to be a doc-tor
speech if you give a speech,you talk to a large
number of people about something: the chairman
delivered an inspiring - / he made an acceptance
- / she gave a - to the school / the head teacher
made a short - at the end of the dinner / we had to
listen to some boring ~es
PAGES 1 8 - 1 9
fancy if you fancy doing something,you want to do
it: do you - going for a coffee? / do you - watching
a film? /I've never fancied trying yoga /1 - doing
something different
find if you say that you find something interesting,
boring, etc, this is your opinion of it: / - lying on
a beach incredibly boring / did you - the exam
difficult? /how are you -ing the course?
graduate you graduate when you get your first
degree at university: she ~d in law last year (she
got a degree in law) /I'm going to - next year /
he -dfrom Harvard with first class honours (top
marks)
heat heat is when something is hot: I don't go to very
hot countries because I can't stand the /the
-was unbearable during the day / keep the butter
away from the - / once the soup is boiling, reduce the - and cook it gently for a few minutes
ignore if you ignore someone,you don't listen to them or speak to them If you ignore something,
you don't pay any attention to it:just - him - he's being stupid /1 said hello, but she completely ~d me /
we can't - this problem
mysterious someone or something mysterious is difficult to understand.The noun is mystery: we heard some - sounds / why are you being so - about it? /she died in - circumstances / her disappearance was a complete mystery / detectives are trying to solve the mystery
nervous if you are nervous about something, you feel
worried or a bit scared about it: / get very - before exams /1 was quite - before I made the speech / he was so -, his hand was shaking
promoted if you get promoted, your employer gives you a better job and more money.The noun is
promotion: / was - by Head Office / I'm hoping to
get - to supervisor / now I've been - I'm on a better salary / she's hoping to get a promotion soon
relationship a relationship is the way two people feel
and behave towards each other: / have a good - with
my parents / he doesn't want people to know about his - with Sara / a love-hate -1 the- between a parent and child / the - between a doctor and his patients
scenery the scenery is the countryside that you see
in a place: we passed through some lovely - on the way I they stopped to admire the amazing - / beautiful -
shocked if you are shocked at something,you are very
surprised and slightly upset: / was - by the news /
I was - at how much poverty there was /1 was - at how old he looked /1 was - to see so many people using drugs
stuck if you are stuck somewhere, you cannot move
from that place: we were - in a lift for two hours /
I was - in traffic / we were - on the train for hours / the children were - inside all day because
of the rain /1 don't want to be - in front of a computer all day
unlike if it is unlike a person or thing to do something
it is not typical or normal for them: it's - him to be
so quiet / it's them to be late / the storm was anything I've ever seen
2 I feel a bit guilty forgetting his birthday
3 I'm totally fed up him complaining all the time
4 They were absolutely furious me for staying out all night
5 They have started a campaign poverty
6 He's such a bad mood I don't know what's wrong with him
7 I was very upset the whole thing
8 They don't do anything to protect themselves the sun
9 I am writing response to your complaint
of 2 August
10 She's been promoted a higher position
11 He graduated philosophy the Sorbonne
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the sentences with the correct nouns and adjectives from these verbs
bore confuse disappoint exhaust please
1 I was really when he told me he couldn't come to the wedding
She couldn't hide her when I told her
2 There were so many to choose from, I felt
I thought I was going to die of I
4 I was with myself for giving up smoking
It was no trouble at all It was a
5 I was by the time we finally got home
She was suffering from after the run
4 what's the pass m k?
5 phone the customer service h I
1 make/do an attempt to do something
2 get /launch a campaign against poverty
3 make /do an exciting new discovery
4 earn/get good marks in an exam
5 give /speak a speech
6 solve /finish a mystery
С Which of the following words do not collocate with the nouns?
1 a good / bad / funny / upset mood
2 a nasty / tense / isolated / friendly atmosphere
3 lovely / handsome / amazing / beautiful
scenery
4 successful / high / low / top marks
5 a positive / angry / disappointing / exciting
2 The bus broke off / down on the way home
3 I'll buy her some flowers to cheer her out / up
4 He's split off / up from his girlfriend
PATTERNS
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list
arrive be break go hear work
1 He failed in his attempt the world record
2 Do you fancy out later?
3 He's due in the next few minutes
4 It was a relief that he was OK
5 It's unlike him so quiet
6 Howdoyoufind nights?
Trang 7TIME OFF
PACES 2 0 - 1
ancient if something is ancient, it is very, very old: we
visited some - ruins / an - mosque I an - city / are
you interested in - history?
bargain a bargain is something you buy at a much
cheaper price than usuahyou can always find lots
of ~s in the sales / that's only £30 it's a real
-castle a castle is a big old building with strong walls
that was built to protect the people inside and to
give armies a safe place to stay: go and visit the
old ~ / there's a ruined - on the hill
concentration camp a concentration camp is a set
of buildings where lots of prisoners are kept
and sometimes killed during wars: a Nazi - /
thousands of people were sent to the ~s / millions
died in the -s
decorated if something is decorated, it is made to
look more beautiful The verb is decorate and the
noun is decoration: the church was beautifully
-for the special day / we all helped to decorate the
Christmas tree I why don't we put up some party
decorations?
desert a desert is a large area of dry land where there
is very little water and very few plants or animals:
not many animals can survive in the -/go trekking
across the Sahara 1 be lost in the
-district a district is a part of a city or town: the main
housing - of the city / the shop is in the old Jewish
- / the financial - (where there are lots of banks
and offices) / the main shopping - / a poor - of
the city
guide a guide is someone whose job is to show
tourists places and tell them about the places
they are visiting.There is also an adjective guided:
we were shown around by a tour - /you can hire
a local - to show you the city / buy a good -book
(a book with information about a place) /go on
a guided tour of the castle (a tour when a guide
shows you around)
historic a historic place or building is old and important Historic events are very important events that happened in the past and will be
remembered in the future: the city has a lot of buildings / an - town / visit all the - monuments / the peace agreement was an - event I an - day
-location a location is the place where something is
The adjective is located: the hotel is in a beautiful
- / the beach was a strange -for a wedding / the talks are taking place at a secret - / their offices are located in the city centre
medieval the medieval age in Europe was from
around 1000 ad to 1500 ad: a castle / the old square in the town centre /studying - history /a - painting
-mine a mine is a big hole in the ground where people digand bring upcoal.gold, salt, etc, from under the ground.The people who work in mines are miners
The industry is mining Mine is also a verb: ancient salts/ it would be interesting to go down a - / most
of the men here work in the -sla coal miner I a mining town / it's too expensive to mine for coal here
prayer prayer is the act of speaking to Cod The verb
is pray: we heard the call to - coming from the mosque / say a - / attend daily ~s / pray to Cod / pray for their safe return (ask God for this)
reject if you reject someone or something,you say you do not want them The noun is rejection:
they -ed our ideas /he -ed my offer I the company -ed my application / the fighting started again after the rejection of the peace plan
reopen if a place reopens, it becomes open to the public again after it has been closed for a while
The noun is reopening: they've just -ed the old cinema / the museum will - next month I they -ed the road last night / we were invited to the reopening of the restaurant
restore if you restore something, you repair it so that
it is as good as it was in the past: they've been restoring the old palace for years /they~d the old mosque to its original condition I the church has been beautifully -d / - peace to the country after the war
rides in a theme park, the rides are the machines which move around and which you can go on for
fun: they've got some great - there/goon all the - / there are some really scary - I he's too young to go on the -
ruins ruins are the parts of an old building that are still left after most of the building has been destroyed The adjective is ruined: there are some Roman - near the city / visit some ancient - / wander round the - I the city was left in - after the war /an old ruined temple
temple a temple is a religious building for certain
religions: a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh -1 we visited the ancient ~s
WORD BUILDING: VERBS THAT START WITH RE
Sometimes when a verb starts with the letters
re, this adds the meaning of'again'to the verb
For example, reopen means 'open again' Here are some more examples:
rearrange rebuild redo remake remarry repaint replay resell rethink retake (an exam) reuse
rewrite However, with lots of verbs that start with re-
there is no extra meaning of'again' For example,
restore does NOT mean 'to store again'- even though 'store' is also a verb It just has a different meaning!
Also, with some verbs that start with re-,you
can't take away the letters re to make another verb For example, repeat is a verb - but 'peat' is not!
PAGES 2 2 - 3 average you calculate an average by adding two or more amounts together and then dividing by the
total number of amounts: the - age of the people
in the class is 18 / the European - wage / - house prices / she's about - height
charge if you charge someone,you ask them for money for something you have given them or done for them. Charge is also a noun: they -d us
20 euros for a salad / he -s £30 an hour /you can use the library free of - (without paying) / they offered us a bigger room at no extra -
compulsory if something is compulsory, the rules
or laws say you have to do it: maths and English are - subjects at the school / some countries have - military service / -ID cards
damage if you damage something, you break it or harm it. Damage is also a noun: this crisis could - the economy / a lot of buildings were ~d by the storm / this story could - his reputation / the cinema suffered serious - in the pre
debate if people debate something, they discuss it
in a serious, formal way before making a decision
Debate is also a noun: the government is debating whether to reduce taxes / this is a hotly ~d topic (a lot of people have discussed it angrily) / we need
a public - on this subject / a heated - (in which
people become angry)
entitlement your entitlement is your right to receive something.The verb is entitle:you have a legal -
to 20 days'holiday a year / the ticket entitles you to
one free drink / everyone is entitled to free health care
fair If things are fair, everyone is treated well and
treated in the same way: it's not - if some people get paid more than others /his lawyers are demanding
a - trial / she wanted her - share of the money /
link if one thing is linked to another, it is connected
in some way. Link is also a noun: the lack of holidays has been - ed to people becoming ill from overworking / the two facts are closely -ed / doctors have established a - between diet and cancer / cultural and economic -s between the countries
luggage your luggage is the bags and suitcases you
take with you when you go on holiday: Shall I carry your -for you? / we were scared of losing our - / heavy - /you're only allowed one piece of hand -
nightmare a nightmare is a bad dream or a very
difficult and unpleasant situation: the holiday was
a complete - / their dream of a new home turned into a- /1 still have -s about the accident
pour if you pour a liquid,you make it flow out of its container If it pours with rain , it rains very heavily
You can also say that it pours down: shall I-you
a drink? / it's going to - down tomorrow / it - ed with rain all day
raise if you raise an amount or a level,you increase it:
the restaurant had to its prices / this policy could unemployment / - taxes
-ripped off if you are ripped off, someone charges you too much or does not pay you enough. Rip off is also a verb and the noun is rip-off: workers are
being - by the company / we got -by a taxi driver / the hotel tried to rip us off / I'm not paying that much - it's a total rip-off!
spoil if you spoil something, you damage it so that it
is not as beautiful or enjoyable: the bad weather -ed the holiday / the new buildings will -the view / don't - the party
trade union a trade union is an organization that tries to get better pay and working conditions for
workers: most of the workers belong to a - / they decided to set up a - / the - criticized the plan to close the factory / the - negotiated a pay rise
traffic jam if there is a traffic jam on a road, there is
a line of cars that cannot move forwards: we were stuck in a - for hours / the accident caused a -
upset stomach if you have an upset stomach, your stomach hurts and you might be sick, usually
because of something you have eaten: I've got a really bad -1 it might cause an - / have you got anything for an -?
Trang 8worth if something is worth doing, there is a good
reason to do it: it's not - cleaning the floor, because
it will just get dirty again /it's a film that is definitely
-seeing / it may not work but it's -atry / the castle
is well - a visit
PACES 2 4 - 5
blow when wind or air blows, it moves The past
tense is blew.The past participle is blown: my
umbrella blew away / the wind blew the roof off
the house /1 was nearly blown over
chilly if it is chilly.it is cold The noun is chill Chill can
also be a verb: it's a bit - outside / the evenings
are starting to get quite - / there's a slight chill in
the air I put the wine in the fridge to chill (become
cold)
clear up if something clears up, it becomes better
If you clear something up, you make it better:
hopefully, the weather will - later / the infection
should ~ in a day or two / we need to - the
misunderstanding between us / we need to - this
mess (make it tidy)
confirm if you confirm an arrangement, you say that
it will definitely happen.The noun is confirmation:
he phoned to - the date of the meeting / - the
booking in writing / they sent me a letter of
confirmation
drop if an amount or level drops, it goes down Drop is
also a noun: The temperature ~ped to minus ю'С/
prices have ~ped dramatically / there's been a - in student numbers /a 20 per cent - in profits
forecast a forecast is a statement about what people think is going to happen in the future, based on
the evidence available: what's the weather -for tomorrow? / the -said it's going to snow tonight /
a pessimistic economic - / next year's sales - s
humid if the weather is humid, it is very hot and there is a lot of water in the air The noun is
humidity: the afternoon was hot and / a very
-climate / can't stand the humidity /go per cent humidity
reach to reach a place or level means to get there:
the temperature might - 36X tomorrow / we finally -ed the top of the mountain / he -ed the age of 100
storm when there is a storm, lots of rain falls and there are strong winds.The adjective is stormy:
there might be a later / the plane crashed in a /as we were driving home, a - broke (it started) / stormy weather / a stormy relationship (with a lot
-of arguing)
turn out the way something turns out is the way it
develops or changes: the afternoon turned out really sunny / everything will -fine in the end
warm if something is warm, it is quite hot in a pleasant way There is also a verb warm up: the weather was nice and - / it's much warmer today than it was yesterday / the warmest room in the house / I'm cold -1 need to - up a bit / shall I - the soup up? (make it hotter)
EXERCISES COLLOCATIONS PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 The hotel is a beautiful location
2 You are entitled 20 days holiday a year
3 There is a link diet and cancer
4 We were stuck a traffic jam
5 It is difficult to survive the desert
6 I would hate to go amine
7 They pray Cod every day
8 He wanted to go all the rides
9 The town was left ruins
10 They charged us €20 a salad
11 There has been a drop student numbers
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 decorate a room put up
2 a tourist guide go on a
tour
3 a beautiful location the hotel is
in the city centre
4 a salt mine the men work as
someone's safe return
7 a legal entitlement this ticket
you to a free drink
8 a chilly day there was a slight
in the air
9 confirm the time send written
10 a humid day 90 per cent
WORD-BUILDINC
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs
J rebuild remarry repaint resell retake rewrite
1 If you fail your exam, you'll have to
5 He two years after his wife died
6 My essay wasn't very good, so I had to
A Match the adjectives to the nouns Look up the adjectives if you need help
3 a compulsory c) ruins
4 the average d) relationship
5 a historic e) subject at school
6 turn into a complete n _ _ e
С Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs from the list Look up the verbs if you need help
blow reach reject reopen spoil
1 They the road last night
2 Unfortunately, they our offer
3 The wind the roof off the shed
4 The temperature 40°C yesterday
5 The bad weather our holiday
D Match the sentence halves Look up the verbs
if you need help
1 He thinks it's important a) the date of a
to highlight meeting
2 The government wants to raise b) the economy
3 I think it's going to pour c) this problem
4 I'll phone to confirm d) with rain
5 This crisis could damage e) taxes
E Which of the collocations do not go with the nouns?
1 have / cause/fall an upset stomach
2 find / come / be a bargain
3 be sent to / die in / send a concentration camp
4 set up / belong to / open a trade union
5 carry / make / lose/your luggage PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct phrasal verbs
1 Some restaurants try to clear up / rip off their
customers
2 It's going to pour down / turn out this afternoon
3 Shall I turn out /warm up the soup?
4 The infection should clear up / pour down in a
few days
5 Everything will rip off I turn out fine in the end
Trang 9INTERESTS
PACES 2 6 - 7
backwards if you move backwards, you move in the
direction that is behind you If you do something
backwards,you do it in the opposite way to
normal: he fell - /it's hard to skate - / have your
T-shirt on ~ (with the front part at the back)
complicated if something is complicated, it is
difficult to do or understand because it has a lot
of different parts: we learnt some ~ dance moves /
chess is a - game / it's a very - situation
court the court is the area of hard ground where you
play some sports: a tennis ~ / a basketball
-defence the defence is the group of players who
stop the other team scoring in a game The verb is
defend , and the players are defenders: Joe is quite
good in ~ /she usually plays in - / the team has
a strong - / it's important to defend well / he's an
excellent defender
kick if you kick something,you hit it with your foot
Kick is also a noun: / can't even - the ball in a
straight line / they ~ed and punched him / they
tried to - the door in / give it a -I
move a move is a change of position in a sport such
as a martial art: / can do the basic ~s / I'd like to
learn some more advanced ~s / that's a difficult - /
she watched his every
-net the net is the thing in tennis that you hit the ball
over It is also the material at the back of a goal in
football: I always hit the ball into the - /he managed
to get the ball over the - / Federer's very good at
the - (when he stands close to the net) / the crowd
cheered when he kicked the ball into the back of the
-rubbish if you are rubbish at something,you are
very bad at it You can also say that something is
rubbish if it is very bad or stupid: I'm - at football /
he's - with computers /this film's - / he's talking - /
that's -I
score if you score, you get a point or a goal in a game
The score is how many points or goals each team
has: / -d a goal / Casol -d 23 points / Arsenal -d in the last minute / What's the ~? / the final - was 3-0
shoot if you shoot in football and other sports, you try to put the ball in the net The past tense is shot
The noun is also shot: if you get near the goal, just -I / I'm useless at -ing / that was a great shot!
straight if something is straight, it does not bend or
curve: stand in a - line /1 can't kick the ball - / keep your back -/sit up - (with your back straight)
useless if you are useless, you are very bad at something If something is useless, it is not good
or useful: I'm - at shooting / he's - at tennis /the course was - / the machine doesn't work - it's -
PACES 2 8 - 9
autograph if a famous person gives you their
autograph, they sign their name for you: the fans were waiting to get his - / someone asked me for
my ~
balance your balance is your ability to stay steady and not fall over If you are off balance , your body
is more on one side and you may fall: it's difficult
to keep your - sometimes /you need good - to do judo /she lost her ~ and fell / my opponent threw
me
off-big-headed if someone is big-headed, they think
they are better than other people: people will think you're - if you keep saying how good you are / he's very - / don't be so -I
bloody if something is bloody, it is covered in blood
When your body bleeds, blood comes out of it:
he gave me a - nose / there were - battles on the streets /your nose is bleeding / his head was bleeding badly
boast if you boast,you tell other people that you are very good at something or you have very nice or
expensive things: he's always -ing about how good
he is / he was -ing that he'd never failed an exam / she was -ing because her parents had just bought her a new car
bully if someone bullies you, they hurt you or laugh
at you because you are different from them
Someone who does this is a bully: the big kids used
to - me / she was bullied for wearing glasses / some kids get bullied for being clever / there's a lot of-ing
in the school, he's a horrible -I
course a course is a large area of land or water for
races or games: a race (for horse racing) / a golf
-fit if you are fit, you are healthy and can do exercise without getting tired.The opposite is unfit The
noun is fitness: I'm going running everyday to get - / how do you keep so-? / they're worried he won't be -for the match on Saturday /1 need to improve my fitness
WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES
You can add un- to lots of adjectives to mean not,
for example unfit
unable: sorry I'm - to help / he's - to read unacceptable: - behaviour / the proposal is -
uncomfortable: these shoes are really /an
unlikely: it's - to happen / it's extremely - he 'll win
unlucky: they were - to lose / we were - with the
unreliable: he's very - / the bus service is quite
-unsuccessful: the plan was -/an - advertising
campaign
unsuitable: those shoes are -for climbing
unsure: I'm - what to do
untidy: he's really / her room's so unusual: it's - weather for winter /it's - for him
-not too phone
get on how someone gets on is how successful they
are: how did you in the competition? / we didn't very well (we weren't very successful)
-helmet a helmet is a hard hat that you wear to
protect your head: a cycle - /you should always wear a - /put your - on /take off your-
injury if you have an injury, you hurt a part of your body The verb is injure The adjective is injured :
he's got a leg - / a serious - / he was badly injured
in an accident /she has an injured foot
persuade if you persuade someone to do something, you talk to them and give reasons so that they
agree to do it: her teachers ~d her to start doing judo /1 tried to - him to change his mind / we managed to - him
plaster if you have a part of your body in plaster, it is covered with a hard substance to protect a broken
bone and stop it moving: she's got her arm in - /
his leg was in - for 6 weeks / when are they going
to take the - off?
properly if you do something properly, you do it
correctly:you should always warm up - before
a game /you need to know how to fall - / the machine isn't working - 1 he's not - trained
pull a muscle if you pull a muscle, you injure it by
stretching it too much: / pulled a muscle in my leg / I've pulled my hamstring (the muscle at the top of the leg) / she pulled her calf muscle (the
muscle at the bottom of leg)
season the seasons are the different times of the year In sport, a season is the time of year when a
sport is played: when does the football - start? / the end of the tennis - / summer is my favourite -
semi-final the semi-final is the game before the final
in a competition Before the semi-final, there is the
quarter-final: they lost in the - / he won his ~, so he's in the final next week / we got through to the - / they reached the -
skating skating is the sport of moving over ice on shoes with metal blades on the bottom.The shoes are called skates: we went - last weekend/she's
really good at - /1 need to buy some new ~s
slip if you slip, your foot moves accidentally and you lose your balance or fall You usually slip when the ground is wet.The adjective is slippery: / -ped on
the ice / she -ped and fell / it's a bit muddy - be careful you don't - / the ground's very slippery /the roads were very slippery
stiff if something is stiff, it is hard and difficult to move If your muscles are stiff, they hurt because
you have used them too much: my legs are - /1 feel
a bit -1 I've got a - neck I the window is a bit - (it
won't open easily)
strength strength is the noun from strong: this sport
is a real test of- / use your - / I've lost - in my arm after the injury / build up your - / improve your - and fitness
take advantage if you take advantage of something, you use it to get what you want, sometimes
unfairly: he took advantage of his opponent's injury /
- of the situation /-of an opportunity / they took advantage of the defender's mistake and scored
technique a technique is a special way of doing
something: he taught me some new -s/ it's always good to learn new ~s
train if you train for a sport,you do exercises and practice to become fitter and better.The activity is
training: how often do you have to -? / he -s hard every day / we - a lot / I'm -ing for a marathon / a training session
tournament a tournament is a competition with several rounds and matches, which continue until
there are just two teams or players in the final: he won a judo - /a tennis - / they got knocked out of the - in the first round
Trang 10warm up when you warm up, you move your body
gently so that you are ready to start a sport
Warm-up is a noun: it's important to - properly
before a match / we did а ю minute warm-up
weights weights are heavy metal objects that people
lift in order to strengthen their muscles: he does ~s in
the gym (he lifts them) /you should try lifting -s
to build up your strength /a ю-kilo - / a ~s
machine
PAGES 3 0 - 1
background: when something is in the background, it
is behind other things so you do not notice it very
much: they had music on in the - / the radio was
on in the -1 there are mountains in the - of the
painting / there was a lot of- noise
challenge a challenge is something difficult
which you want to try and do The adjective is
challenging: climbing this mountain will be a
real - / we want to set our readers a - /my job's
become boring -1 need a new - / do you enjoy a
~? I teachers have to provide a - for their students /
it's a very challenging job
download if you download something.you take it
from the Internet and put it on your computer
The opposite is upload or post: to - music /1 -ed
a great song /you can - movies from the website / you can go to their website and - updates for the software
funeral a funeral is the ceremony you have after
someone has died: over 200 people attended his - /
I wanted to go to the - / he chose the music he'd like played at his- / it was a very moving -
jump if you jump, you move very quickly or suddenly,
often because you are surprised: / -ed out of bed when I heard the alarm / everyone -ed up and started dancing / he -ed in the car and drove off /
I -ed when I heard the door bang I you made me ~!
(you frightened me)
ring-tone the ring-tone is the sound a mobile phone
makes when it rings: / like your - /an annoying - /
I downloaded a - onto my mobile /1 need to change the - on my phone
set if you set a challenge or something similar, you
give it to someone to do: we want to - our readers
a challenge / the teacher always -s us too much homework /she-an essay for next week /the company always ~s high sales targets
suit if something suits a person or a situation, it is convenient or suitable If a piece of clothing suits
you, it makes you look good: this musics my mood / the time of the class doesn't -me / working part-time s my lifestyle I that jacket doesn't - him / that new hairstyle really s her
EXERCISES 3 I can't wear those shoes - they're too
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 He usually plays defence
2 I'm rubbish football!
3 He's useless tennis
4 He always boasts how good he is
5 She's got her leg plaster
6 He took advantage his opponent's injury
7 The picture had some mountains the background
8 You can download music this website
4 It's if some people get more money than others
5 It's very to have snow in the summer
6 I can't play football - I'm too
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 a strong defence he's a good
2 Just shoot! a good
3 he'sveryfit improveyour
4 a serious injury she was in
an accident
5 mind you don't slip the roads are
6 he's very strong improveyour
7 train for a sport do a session
8 it's a real challenge a job
В Tick the words which are both a noun and
A Complete the sentences with a negative form
of the correct adjective
able comfortable fair fit reliable usual
1 The bus is always breaking down - the service
is very
2 I'm sorry, but I'm to come to the meal on Saturday
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help
download persuade pull score set suit train
1 He a goal in the last minute of the game
2 Oh, no! I think I've a muscle
3 You'll have to hard if you want to get into the team
4 It doesn't cost much to music from the Internet
5 Our teacher wants to us a challenge
6 Working from home my lifestyle
7 She me to try tennis
С Choose the correct verb to go with each noun
Look up the nouns if you need help
1 make /do weights
2 tootfend/possafuneral
3 to have/keepyour balance
4 to reach/arrive the semi-final
5 to build up /make up your strength
6 to have /suffer уош arm in plaster
D Complete the missing adjectives
1 Baseball has a lot of rules - it's quite a c dgame
2 I'll never get into the team - I'm r hat sport!
3 They all stood in a s _ _ _ _ t line to have their photo taken
4 He's always telling me how good he is at tennis - he's so b -h d!
5 My legs are sos f, I can hardly walk!
6 He punched me and gave me a b у nose
Trang 11WORKING LIFE
PACES 3 6 - 7
accountant an accountant is someone whose job is
to organize financial records for a company or a
person The noun is accounts. The subject you study
is accountancy: he's an - for a big law firm /1 need
to talk to my - / my - sorts out all my finances /she
helped me do my accounts / work in the accounts
department /he wants to study accountancy
bonus a bonus is extra money you get from your boss
because you have worked hard or done well: all the
staff get an end-ofyear - / I'll get a - if I meet all
my sales targets / a Christmas
-civil servant a civil servant is someone who works
for a government department All the people and
departments together are called the civil service :
she's a - / a senior - (with a high rank)/get a job
in the civil service / apply for the civil service (apply
to work there)
competitive if an industry is competitive, everyone
in it is trying hard to do better than everyone else
The noun is competition The verb is compete:
advertising is a very - industry / a very - market /
there's a lot of competition for jobs / the company
faces competition from abroad / small companies
find it hard to compete in the market
contract a contract is a formal legal agreement
between two groups It says what one or both of
the two sides has to do. Contract is also a verb: he's
only got a temporary job - / get a permanent - /
the company won a big sales - / sign the -/ifwe
delay, we could lose the whole - / we're -ed to work
37 hours a week
deadline the deadline is the time or date by which
something has to be done: when's the -for this
work? / we have to meet this - / they're working to
a very tight - (with very little time) / / don't want
to miss the
-delivery delivery is the act of taking things such as goods or letters to a place The verb is deliver: we'll get the order ready for - / they pack all the orders for - / we make daily deliveries / send it by express - (very quick) / we can deliver direct to your door
demanding if a situation or a person is demanding, they need a lot of your time, attention and energy
The noun is demand Demand is also a verb: a physically - job / my boss is very - /a very - child / children make a lot of demands on your time / they are demanding a pay rise
engineer an engineer is someone whose job is to design or make machines, electrical equipment, roads, bridges, railways, etc The subject you study is engineering: he's an electrical - /
a mechanical - /a software - (who makes new software for computers)/a civil - (who designs roads, bridges etc) / do a degree in engineering / she works for an engineering company
finances your finances are the amount of money you have The adjective is financial: / need to sort out
my personal - /he deals with the company's - / their - are in a mess / he's got financial problems / the end of the financial year
form a form is an official document that has spaces
for you to add information:/?// in a -/ complete the - / an application - / send the - off
in charge if you are in charge,you control something
or are responsible for it: be - of the whole department / she's - of 30 sales reps / he was put -
of the team / who's - here?
insecure if something is insecure, it is not safe or protected.The noun is insecurity: his job is very -
(he could lose it) / the workers face an - future / financial insecurity / growing economic insecurity
involved in if you are involved in an event or an
activity, you take part in it: they were - designing the software / he was mainly - planning the advertising campaigns /I'm not - that project / get - crime
permanent if something is permanent, it lasts for
a long time or forever: he's looking for a - job /a mixture of - and temporary staff / after 3 months, they offered her a - contract / cause - damage
recruit if you recruit people for a company or an organization,you persuade them to join.The noun is recruitment: - people for the company I -
volunteers / be -ed into the army / a recruitment agency (which helps to recruit people for jobs) / the industry is facing a recruitment crisis
responsibility your responsibilities are the things you have to deal with.The adjective is responsible: the directors have a lot of - / she doesn't have much - /
a position of - (a job with a lot of responsibility) / refuse to accept -for the problem / be responsible for packing all the orders /you will be financially responsible for any damage
research research is the study of something in order
to find out more about it. Research is also a verb
A person who does this is a researcher: he works in and development / we need to do more - into the subject / carry out market - / a very well -ed piece
very-supportive if people are supportive, they help you and understand your situation The verb is support
Support is also a noun: my colleagues are very - / I've got a - boss / we'll support you whatever you decide to do / his parents offered him financial support
temporary if something is temporary, it only lasts for
a limited period of time: a - job/a - contract workers I living in - accommodation /a- address
/-training if you get training at work.you are taught how to do a job The verb is train: give workers the - they need /you will get on-the-job -/go
on a - course /receive - /train staff to deal with problems / she wants to train to be a police officer
varied if something is varied, it changes a lot or
it consists of lots of different kinds of things
The verb is vary. The noun is variety: the work is interesting and very - /' a very - group of people /
a - range of products / prices vary quite a lot / they offer a wide variety of courses
warehouse a warehouse is a large building where goods are kept before they are sold or moved to
shops: he works in a - /a big furniture - / pick up the goods from the -
PACES 3 8 - 9
ID card ID stands for identity ID cards are official
cards that prove who you аге-.you have to show your - to get into the building / have to carry - at all times /сап I see your -, please?
notice if you give someone notice about something, you warn them that it is going to happen in the
future:you have to give a month's - if you want to leave/hand in your - at work (say you are going
to leave) / he asked me to do it at short notice
(without much warning)
order an order is a request to make, supply or deliver something. Order is also a verb: we need to complete this - by Saturday (get it ready to deliver
to someone) / they were late with my - / their job
is to pack all the ~s I get the ~s ready for delivery / phone to place an - / we could - a new one for you
perform if you perform, you entertain a group of people by acting, singing, dancing, etc.The noun
is performance.The people who do this are
performers: my son's - ing in a school concert / she writes and -s her own music /the play was first -ed
in 1854 / she gave a brilliant performance / he's a great performer
photocopy a photocopy is a piece of paper that has been copied from another piece of paper by a machine. Photocopy is also a verb.The machine is
a photocopier.The noun is photocopying: I'll make
a - for you / we can run off a few quick -ies / send
a - of your passport / I'll photocopy the contract and send it to you / the photocopier is out of order / who does the photocopying in the office?
MACHINE-RELATED VERBS
We often make verbs from the names of machines, especially to talk about ways of sending information For example, we photocopy
things, or make photocopies, using a photocopier
In the same way, we can use a fax machine to
fax things, or fax them over , to people; we can
phone people using our telephones or mobiles;
we can email people and we can even text them
of - / she was emotionally abused at work
bend if you bend something, you make it folded and not straight. Bend is also a noun.The adjective is
bent: a strong metal that won't - easily / the job involves -ing over a lot and lifting heavy objects I she bent down and picked up the letter / -your arm / there's a sharp - in the road / the wheel got bent out of shape
body a body is a dead person: they found a - in the lake / chemicals that are used to preserve dead bodies / the police are still examining the -
conditions conditions are the situation or place in
which something happens: they work in terrible - / the workers are demanding better working - / - in coal mines have improved a lot / they have to put
up with poor living - / driving -are poor
cramped if a place is cramped, there is not enough
space: the office is a bit -/we work in - conditions / a-flat
dust dust is the very small pieces of dry dirt that cover surfaces. Dust is also a verb The adjective is
Trang 12dusty: wear a mask if there is a lot of- / workers
who are exposed to - f the floor was covered in - / a
layer of - / clouds of- /you need to - those shelves
/the road was hot and dusty
endlessly if something happens endlessly, it seems as
if it never finishes.The adjective is endless: she was
tired of- cleaning and polishing the shoes of the
rich / it rained - / he talks - about football / they
have endless arguments
expose if you expose somebody to something,you
make it possible that something harmful or
dangerous will happen to them: the workers were
-d to dangerous chemicals /you mustn't - them
to danger / a lot of children are still-dto cigarette
smoke
grateful if you feel grateful to someone,you are glad
that they have helped you or given you something
The adverb is gratefully: the families are very -for
the work I've done / I'm - for all your help / I'd be
very - if you could phone me / all suggestions will
be gratefully received
handle if you handle something, you touch it or move
it:you shouldn't - rotting meat / nurses often have
to - dirty nappies / Fragile - - with care!
lift if you lift something, or lift it up, you move it to a
higher place.The noun is lifting: he has to - heavy
objects / me up so I can see/go to the gym to
-weights / don't do any lifting or you'll hurt your back
mean if someone is mean, they are not willing to
spend any of their money or they are unkind or
cruel: he's very - with money / she's too - to buy a
new one / that was a - thing to say / don't be - to
your little sister
nappy a nappy is the white cloth a baby wears
around its middle: nurses often have to handle
dirty nappies I change the baby's -la bag of
disposable nappies
preserve if you preserve something,you keep it fresh,
or to stop it from being destroyed The noun is
preservation: chemicals that help to - dead
bodies /the need to - historic buildings / different
ways of preserving fruit / preservation of the
environment/food preservation
put up with if you put up with something
unpleasant, you accept it or tolerate it:factory
workers have to - high levels of noise / they have
to - cramped living conditions /1 won't - any bad
behaviour /1 don't know how you - him!
relatively if something is relatively good, it is good when compared to similar things The adjective
is relative: a - quick and easy way of earning
money / it's easy to find / their furniture is cheap /he did - well in the exam / a period of relative stability
-risk if you risk something,you put it in a situation where it might be damaged or destroyed. Risk is also a noun.The adjective is risky: I don't want to - my
life / if you go too close,you - catching the disease / he has -ed everything he owns /young drivers often take ~s / it's risky to invest all your money in shares / oil exploration is a risky business
rot if something rots, it decays as a result of slow natural processes.The adjective is rotten: sugars your teeth /the wood had all -ted / rotten eggs / rotten meat
side effects side effects are unpleasant and
unplanned effects of a medicine: they test new drugs for - such as vomiting or headaches I some patients suffer - / the drug causes some nasty - / these drugs can have serious -
slam if you slam something,you hit it hard against a
hard surface: she -med down the phone I he -med the door in my face / the bus -med into the back of
a car / he -med his fist down on the table
stare if you stare at something,you look at it for a
long time: I don't want to - at a computer all day / it's rude to - at people /she was staring into space /
I couldn't stop staring at her
straight away if you do something straight away,
you do it immediately: I'll phone him - /1 have to leave-/ I'll do it -
swear if you swear, you use rude or offensive words
The past tense is swore.The past participle is
sworn: sometimes customers shout and - /he
started to - at me/don't - in front of the children /
I never use - words at work
wage your wage is the money you get for your job
each day, week or month: he earns a good - / they pay him the minimum - (the lowest wage allowed
by law) / they get a bit more than the average - / they are protesting about low ~s / an hourly/daily/
1 He's got a job the civil service
2 She's very mean her money
3 Her parents make a lot of demands her time
4 Who is in charge the warehouse?
5 She was involved organizing the event
6 The deadline the work is Friday
7 Who is responsible this problem?
8 There is a variety courses to choose from
В Choose the correct preposition
1 She works in/on a warehouse
2 Can you do this in / at short notice?
3 The miners work for / in terrible conditions
4 Farm workers are often exposed to/at
dangerous chemicals
5 We're very grateful/or/ to all you've done
6 Why is he always so mean with / to me?
7 You shouldn't put up with /for these terrible
working conditions
8 Why are you staring at / to me?
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 it's ready for delivery we can
on Friday
2 it's your responsibility who is ?
3 receive training new
staff
4 varied work a of
different courses
5 perform on stage she's a great
6 risk your life a job
В Complete the sentences with the correct nouns from the words in brackets
1 They face a period of financial (insecure)
2 There's a lot of forjobsatthe moment, (competitive)
3 Hegetsalotof from his family
2 fill in / write a form
3 get /make training
4 carry / wear an ID card
5 do/give notice to quit your job
6 gain / earn a wage
D Which TWO adjectives do not collocate with
job!
cramped demanding insecure permanent rewarding supportive temporary
PATTERNS
A Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
(to +infinitive or -ing)
1 He's contracted 35 hours a week (work)
2 Were you involved in the product? (design)
3 Who is responsible for the office? (clean)
4 He's training a teacher, (be)
5 I don't want to risk myjob (lose)
Trang 13GOING SHOPPING
PAGES 4 2 - 3
avoid if you avoid something,you try not to do it or
experience it: try to ~ repeating words when you
write / / managed to - the rush hour /1 think Sam
is -ing me (trying to avoid speaking to me)
carve if you carve wood or stone,you make a design
in it by cutting it,The adjective is carved.The
noun is carving: visitors like to - their names in the
wood / a beautiful ~d wooden mask / some lovely
carvings on the front of the building
china china is a special kind of clay used to make
plates, cups, etc: a lovelyhand-painted - plate /the
cups are all made of - / a - ornament
clay clay is a kind of soil which becomes very hard
when it is dried and heated It is used to make
bowls, pots, etc: a lovely - pot / it's made of - / a
small -figure I heavy - soil / play tennis on
a-court
cute in British English, something which is cute is
small and attractive, in a slightly childish way In
American English, it can also mean someone is
goodlooking: what a little dog/she's so
-gorgeous something that is gorgeous looks beautiful
or tastes delicious: о silk rug / they have a
-house / he's-1 this ice cream is - / what a - day!
hang if you hang something somewhere,you put
it so that it is held at the top, and the bottom
doesn't touch the ground: - your jacket on the
back of the door / - your clothes in the
wardrobe/-(up) a painting / - up your coat
insult if you insult someone, you say something rude
to them or about them.The noun is insult: he -ed
me several times / they're -ing us by offering so
little money / how dare you - me! / they shouted
insults at us
last if something lasts, it continues for a long time:
the battery ~s quite a long time / those cars
-forever / he was being nice to me, but I knew it wouldn't -
mass mass means that there is a lot of something
It is used as a prefix, and as an adjective and noun:
producedcars (produced in large numbers) / they make clothes for the - market (to be sold in large numbers)/a - protest by students / he was accused of- murder / a period of - unemployment / there's masses of food left over
match if you match something,you find something
which is equal or similar: we'll - their price (make our price the same as theirs) / the company has -ed the sales it made last year (achieved the same amount) /the blood they found at the murder ~es his / those trousers don't -your jacket
offer if you make an offer, you suggest a price or deal:
that's my final - / he made a good -for the house / the shoes were on special - (at a cheaper price)
package a package is a combination of several things that are offered to you together for one price or as
part of one deal: a special - that is offered to new employees / I've bought a whole software - / a - holiday (travel and accommodation are included
in the price)
pot a pot is a container that is used for cooking,
keeping food, or growing plants in: a clay -for cooking / a cupboard for -s and pans /a- of jam /
a tea / a flower
-room if there is room for something, there is enough
space for it: there's - for 200 people / is there - in the car for me? / there isn't much - to dance / can you make -for us to sit down? / there's plenty of- over here / a large sofa would take up too much -
rug a rug is a carpet which covers only part of the
floor, or a thick blanket you can sit on: a woven - /a - in front of the fire / lie on a - on the floor / spread a - on the grass to sit on
hand-store if you store something, you keep it somewhere when you are not using it The noun is storage:
the answerphone can - 500 messages / a music player that can - up to 10,000 songs /1 ~d some of
my old books in the garage / the goods are ~d in a warehouse / there's not much storage space
tacky something that is tacky looks cheap and
unfashionable: a - plastic hat /it looks a bit - /a shop selling - souvenirs
silk silk is a fine, smooth, natural material which
is produced by an insect called a silkworm It is
usually expensive: a beautiful - scarf / a dress made of- / it's made of pure -
uneven if something is uneven, it is not the same level, size, colour, quality, etc, across all its parts
The adverb is unevenly: the colour on the walls is a bit - / the floor's - / the teams are - / the grass is very - / the economy has grown unevenly
upgrade when you upgrade something, you get a better or more recent form of the same thing
Upgrade is also a noun: / need to - my computer I
the airline -d me to first class /1 downloaded from the Internet
an-woven a material that is woven is made from threads that are crossed over and under each other.The verb is weave: a hand rug /a - basket / the
women weave cloth to sell / a weaving machine
PAGES 4 4 - 5 afford if you can afford something,you have enough money to buy it If you can afford the time for something,you have enough time to do it: she
can't a new car / I can't to buy aflat /1 can't
-to take time off work /1 couldn't - -to live in London /1 can only just - to pay the rent
brand a brand is the name a company gives to its
product: he only buys designer ~s / a famous - /a new - of washing powder / they want to improve the - image
bright bright colours are light and strong, not dark If
a room or house is bright, a lot of light comes in:
she wears a lot of- colours / the kitchen is lovely and - /she's got - blue eyes / a - light /the sun's
very
-chain a chain is a set of metal rings, joined together
in a line You can wear a small chain as a
decoration: she was wearing a delicate silver round her neck / a heavy gold - /the-on a bicycle / the prisoners were kept in ~s (tied up with chains)
-do without if you do without something, you do not
buy it or use it even though you would like it: we had to - holidays because we couldn't afford them /1 can't - my mobile /1 can't - 8 hours sleep a night /the team s going to have to - its star player
exception an exception is a person or thing that is
different from others: usually it's cold in December, but this year was an - / there are some -s to this rule / we're all going out - with the - of Tim (he is not going) / we don't usually allow days off, but I'll make an - in your case / he goes for a bike ride every day, without -
fit if something fits, it is the right size. Fit is also a
noun: the shirt doesn't - me/ it -s perfectly / we can't all - in the car/the sofa won't - through the door /1 like this jumper, and it's a good - /we can all get in, but it's a tight - (there isn't much room)
heel the heel is the bottom of a shoe at the back Your
heel is the back part of your foot: wear shoes with high ~s / my - was rubbing on the shoe / my~'s sore
label the label on something you buy is the part that has the name of the brand and other information
on it If you label something,you put a label on it:
he'll only buy something if it's got a designer - / the washing instructions are on the - / check the - before you wash something / the -s sticking out on your T-shirt /-your suitcase with your name
mall a mall is a very large building containing lots
of different shops In Britain, it is often called a
shopping centre: we usually shop in a out-of-town shopping - / the kids hang out in the -
outfit an outfit is a set of clothes that you wear
together: / need to buy a new -for the wedding / that's a nice -
out of business if a shop or company goes out of business, it has to close because it is not making
any money: a lot of small shops are going - / this could put us - / we risk going -
OUT
Prepositions like out can have different meanings
when used in different expressions, but there are often one or two important meanings For
example, out often means no longer in a place or situation:
be out of business: no longer doing business
be out of power: no longer in a position of power
be out of fashion: no longer fashionable
be out of the game: no longer playing because you have lost or been injured
be out of date: no longer relevant, modern or
fashionable
be out of danger: no longer in a dangerous
situation
be out of trouble: no longer in a bad situation
i be out of hospital: no longer in hospital
drop out of university: stop doing a course at
university
be thrown out of the class: be asked to leave the class
have a tooth out: have a tooth removed
be knocked out in the semi-final: to lose the
semi-final and so be no longer in the competition
overdraft an overdraft is a debt you have at a bank when you have spent more than you have in your account.The adjective is overdrawn: / have a
€200 - / I've gone into my - at the bank / he's got a big - / I'm overdrawn at the bank
owe if you owe money to someone, you have borrowed money from them and have not paid it
back yet: / - €JOOO on my credit card / Tom ~s me
£10 / how much do I-you?/1 - him a favour (he
did me a favour so I must do one for him)
plain something that is plain is simple, with no extra
parts or decoration: 0 - blue shirt /a - suit /the food was quite - / use - language
retail retail is anything to do with shops and selling
goods to customers: / work in - / the - industry /
Trang 14the - price (the price something is usually sold
for in the shops) // think I need some - therapy
(shopping to make you feel more cheerful)
scruffy if someone looks scruffy, they are untidy: he
looks - / a —looking guy / wear - jeans /a - old
shirt / - hair
shop around if you shop around,you go to several
places to find the best price before you buy
something: it's a good idea to - before you buy /
- to find the best price / -for a bargain
smart if you look smart,you look tidy and wear
quite formal clothes The opposite is casual: it's
important to look -for an interview / you're very
- - are you going somewhere special' I wear
something
-sales the sales are when shops sell a lot of things
cheaper than normal for a few weeks: /got this
coat in the - / the - are on at the moment / when
do the - start? / wait for the - before you buy
second-hand if something is second-hand, another
person has had it before you:you can buy fridges - /
get a - car /a - clothes shop
tag a tag is a piece of paper or plastic that is fixed
to something to give information about it
Sometimes people wear a name tag with their
name on: can you see the price ~? Ithe shop
assistants were all wearing name -s
tight if clothes are tight, they fit close to your body:
- jeans /a - skirt / this jacket's too - /do the
shoes feel -?
thick something that is thick is not thin Someone
who is thick is stupid: he was wearing a - coat /
a - woolly jumper /a- book /the wall's are very - /
she's got lovely - hair / Why can't you just do it?
Areyou -?
top a top is a piece of clothing that you wear over on
the top part of your body: she's bought a new - / a
tracksuit - /that - matches your skirt
trendy something which is trendy is very fashionable
A trend is also a fashion: he looks quite / wear
-clothes I'go to a - bar I high heels are quite - at the
moment / this hair style is the latest trend
PACES 4 6 - 7 diet your diet is the food that you eat If you go on a diet,you eat less food because you want to
lose weight: we have quite a healthy - 1 eat a balanced - /you should improveyour - / don't offer me chocolates - I'm on a - at the moment /
a low-fat - /he's on a special - because of a heart condition
fake something fake is not real. Fake is also a verb:
the painting looked like a - / a - €20 note /use a
- passport /give - ID/he ~d his own death
ferry a ferry is a large boat that transports people or cars across a river or sea. Ferry is also a verb: we can take the - to France / we went on a - across the lake / we were late and missed the - / the - was delayed because of rough seas / the - sank
fortune a fortune is a very large amount of money:
It's a lovely ring, but it costs a - / she earns a - / their house is worth a - I he made a- on the stock exchange / he lost a - / she spends a - on clothes
gig a gig's 3 concert of rock or pop music: I've got some tickets for a-on Saturday / a Rolling Stones - /
go to a - / a great - / what time does the -finish?
hang around if you hang around, you stay
somewhere waiting or doing nothing: we had to outside the stadium, to see if we could get tickets /1 can't -for long / there was a lot of hanging around
-helping a helping is a portion of food that you serve:
she gave me a huge - of potatoes / would you like another-? / have a second - / that's your third-I
queue a queue is a line of people waiting to do something.The verb is queue (up): there was an enormous - outside the cinema / wait in the -for hours / be at the front of the- / is this the end of the ~? / theyjumped the - (they went straight to the front of the queue) / we had to queue up for tickets
venue a venue is a place where there is a concert,
party or similar event: the club is a good -for parties / the castle is sometimes used as a - for weddings / what was the - like?
EXERCISES COLLOCATIONS PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 She carved a flower the wood
2 The plates are made china
3 Which brand soap do you buy?
4 I bought this the sales
В Choose the correct preposition
1 It says what size it is in /on the label
2 He works in / at retail
3 I like to shop around with /for bargains
4 The sales are in/on at the moment
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 store some old books need more
space
2 an uneven floor paint something
3 an overdraft at the bank be at
1 Long hair was popular a few years ago, but it's out of now
2 They knew they were out of when they saw the rescue helicopter
3 You can't use this passport - it's out of
4 She wasn't enjoying her course, so she dropped out of
A Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list
1 How long will the batteries ?
2 They said they would the other company's price
3 You can thousands of songs on some music players
4 My computer's quite old -1 need to
1 He gave /made an offer for the house
2 The company got / went out of business last
year
3 You should make I eat a balanced diet
4 Do you have / own an overdraft at the bank?
5 We had to go / wait in the queue for hours
D Match the adjectives with the nouns Look up the adjectives if you need help
1 a beautiful silk a) little dog
2 a shop selling tacky b) dress
3 acute c)souvenirs
4 lots of bright d) colours
5 a thick e) woolly jumper
PHRASAL VERBS
A Choose the correct phrasal verb
1 Would you like to hang up /hang around your
coat?
2 It's best to shop around / do without to find
the best price
3 We had to hang up / hang around for ages,
waiting for him
4 I hope we don't have to do without / queue up
for tickets
Trang 15SCHOOL AND STUDYING
PACES 4 8 - 9
cope if you cope, you deal successfully with a difficult
situation: He found it hard to - after his wife died /
I can't - with the workload /she seems to be coping
with the stress very well / he can't - with the pressure
core the core of something is the basic and most
important part of it: English, maths and science are
the - subjects /you have to study five - modules /
their - beliefs / learn - skills
debt a debt is an amount of money that you owe
someone: / managed to pay back all my ~s / he's in
-(he owes people money)/she got into -/ it's difficult
to get out of- / clear all your ~s (repay them) / / owe
him a huge ~ of gratitude (I'm very grateful to him)
dedicated if you are very dedicated.you spend all your
time and energy on somethingyou feel is very
important.The noun is dedication о very -teacher /
a-father/mother /be- to yourjob / the staff all
showed great dedication / thanks for all your dedication
deserve if you deserve something,you think it is right
for you to get it because you of what you have
done: / think I - a holiday after all that studying /
you - to be thrown out of university if you cheat in
an exam / we -d to win that game
extend if you extend something,you make it longer
or bigger The noun is extension: the shop has -ed
its opening hours / is it possible to - the deadline? /
I need to - my visa before it runs out / they've built
an extension on their house
first aid first aid is the basic medical treatment you
give someone when they have an accident or
become ill suddenly: doctors gave him - at the
scene of the accident /do a- course /а~ kit
flexible if something is flexible, it is not fixed, but
can change when it needs to.The opposite is
inflexible: the course is pretty - / my work schedule
is quite - /we have - working hours
WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES
You can add in- to some adjectives to mean 'not'
- as in inflexible:
inaccurate: - information / their estimate was
wildly
-incomplete: the building is still - / we still have an
- understanding of the disease
inconvenient: I'm afraid that's a very - time incorrect: that's the - answer / some of the facts
invalid:your password is - / I'm afraid your ticket
is i
However, just because an adjective starts with in-,
it doesn't always mean you can remove the in- to make the opposite For example, the opposite of
intelligent is unintelligent, stupid, or thick!
IT IT stands for Information Technology IT is the use
of computers for storing and sending information:
he works in the company's - department / do an
- course /get some - training /call the - help desk
lighten if you lighten a difficult situation,you make it
easier, happier or less stressful: my boss agreed to
- my workload /she made a joke to try and - the atmosphere /- up! (stop being so serious)
postgraduate a postgraduate course or degree is one that you do after you receive your first university
degree: do a - course / do some - research /
- students /a - qualification
practical if something is practical, it is useful and based on real things you can do to improve
a situation, not just ideas The opposite is
theoretical A practical person is good at dealing with problems and is usually good at doing things
with their hands: he has a lot of - experience of working with computers / the course is very - (you learn skills as well as ideas) /he made some - suggestions / she gave us some - advice
revision revision is the work of studying for a test or
an exam.The verb is revise: / did some last-minute
- before the exam / plan your - well in advance / you'll fail if you don't revise properly
struggle if you struggle, you try very hard to do something that is difficult. Struggle is also a
noun: she -d up the hill with the heavy bags / I'm
struggling to cope with the workload /we - to pay all my bills each month /1 - to understand some of his ideas / she found the course a bit ofa -
PACES 5 0 - 1
abuse abuse of something is the use of it in a bad way. Abuse is also a verb: the - of illegal drugs / alcohol - is a big problem in this area /an - of power / the voting system is open to - (people can abuse it) / he started to - drugs when he was ц
achievement an achievement is something good that you have managed to do, usually after a lot of time and effort The verb is achieve: getting a degree is
a great - / they were impressed with his academic
~s / that's quite an - /a remarkable - / it gives you
a real sense of - / he has worked hard to achieve his goals
appreciate if you appreciate something,you understand why it is good or special.The noun is
appreciation: teach students to - the importance
of wine in French culture /he -sthe good things in life / learn to - jazz / it's nice to be -d by your boss /
do a film appreciation course
assignment an assignment is a piece of work you
have to do as part of yourjob or your studies: have
a lot of reading ~s to complete before the end of term / hand in your - by next Friday / he was given
control if you control people,you make them behave
in the way you want them to behave. Control
is also a noun: he can't even - his own children / a good teacher is good at -ling the class / the government -s every aspect of their lives / learn to -your temper/as a young teacher, it's easy to lose
- of the class
cover to cover a subject or situation means to include
it or deal with it: the course ~s areas such as citizenship and the abuse of illegal drugs / the book -s the whole of the eighteenth century I the lecture -ed several important topics / we'll - that topic later on in the course
development a development is a recent event that
changes a situation: his obsession with getting top marks has been a bad - / there's been a - in the murder enquiry / some exciting technological ~s
encourage if you encourage someone to do something,you try to persuade them to do it.The adjective is encouraging.The noun is
encouragement: we - students to follow their own
interests in their research / cigarette advertising -syoung people to start smoking / my parents always ~d me to work hard / the teacher is always very encouraging / my friends offered some encouragement /young children need quite a tot
of encouragement
failure a failure is someone or something that has
not achieved success: I felt I was a complete - / the meeting was a total - / the whole project ended
in
-go through if you go through something,you look at
it to make sure you understand it: I'll - my notes before the test / I'll - the paperwork this weekend / let's - the answers
observe if you observe something,you watch it very closely in order to understand more about
it The noun is observation: they ~d the animals
for several weeks /you can learn by observing more experienced teachers / he was placed under police observation / be admitted to hospital for observation
point if you point to something during a discussion
or in an essay,you show how important it is and you use it as an example to support your ideas: in
his book, he -s to the Danish system of education
as a better model / she -ed to China as an example ofa rapidly growing economy / to support her argument she -ed to the situation in Spain
pushy if someone is pushy, they do whatever they can
to get what they want, even if it sometimes makes other people angry The verb is push The verb push
is not as negative as the adjective pushy: teachers
have to deal with some very - parents sometimes / a - salesman / our teacher really pushes us to do well
relevant if something is relevant, it is connected to what is happening or what is being talked about The opposite is irrelevant: they learn skills that are - too lot of jobs / that's not really - to the discussion / when you apply for the job, tell us if you have any - experience /she asked a completely irrelevant question
respect if you respect something,you show that it is important to you If you respect a person,you look
up to them and admire them or you treat them well. Respect is also a noun: it's important to - nature / a teacher needs to gain the kids'-/ if you behave badlyyou'll lose everyone's - / treat people with - /he doesn't have much self—
rigid if something is rigid, it is fixed and cannot
be changed easily: they have a very - education system / he's got some - ideas on how to bring up children / she's on a very - diet
scream if you scream,you shout in a loud high voice because you are angry, excited or scared. Scream
is also a noun: she started -ing when she saw the mouse /1 -edfor help / he was -ing with pain / he
Trang 16tends to - and shout at people when he's angry /
she let out a loud
-success success is the noun from the verb succeed. If
you have success,you get a good result: I applied
to go to university but had no- /the new course
has been a great - / she has had some - with her
writing / the drug has a good - rate /the play was
an overnight - /1 hope the project succeeds
PACES 5 2 - 3
affect to affect something means to have an
influence or effect on it: these personal problems
are -ing your academic work / the bullying -ed him
really badly / the storm didn't - this area at all
assessment an assessment is a judgement about
what something is like or how good it is The verb
is assess: the teacher made a quick - of the class / the
school uses a system of continuous - / the students
are preparing for their final - /a medical - / we
tried to assess the damage
attention attention is the thought or interest
you give to something you are listening to or
watching: she never pays - in class/сап I have
your - please? / he loves being the centre of - (with
everyone watching him)
cheat if you cheat,you break the rules in a game or
an exam, in order to do well The person who does
this is a cheat: she got caught -ing in an exam / he
always -s at cards / he accused me of being a - /
you're such a -I
counselling counselling is advice you can get from
a someone who is trained to listen to people
and provide support: if you're having problems,
contact the student - service / a lot of couples have
marriage guidance - / he needed a lot of- after
the divorce
detention a detention is a punishment you get at
school It usually means you have to stay at school
when other students go home: / got a -yesterday /
the teacher gave me a - /he's had five ~s this term
discipline discipline is making people follow rules and
punishing them if they break the rules. Discipline
is also a verb: the school believes in strict - / it's
important to maintain classroom - / she lacks
self— (the ability to control her own behaviour)/
if you break the rules,you will be disciplined
(punished)
facilities the facilities in a place are all the buildings, services and equipment that are available for
people to use: the school doesn't have very good - /
it has excellent sports - / they want to improve the - here / there's a lack of - in this area
interrupt if you interrupt someone,you say or do something to stop them when they are talking, working etc.The noun is interruption: I'm sorry to-, but can I ask a question? /don't - me while I'm working / there were a few brief interruptions
litter litter is things that are dropped in public places
and make the places look untidy: don't drop - in the street / pick your - up/a - bin / clear up all the
- in the park
lively lively means full of life, energy, enthusiasm
or people enjoying themselves: a very - class /a
teacher / it's a very area / the school has a atmosphere
-reputation the reputation ofa place is how good or
bad people say it is: the school has a very good for sport / it's gained a - as an excellent school /the course enjoys an international - / the company's
suffered
rough if a place is rough, it is not very safe because
there is lots of violence or crime there: it's quite a school /a - area
-skip if you skip something, you do not do it or have it:
we decided to - class / there's usually a reason for children -ping school /1 had to - breakfast I let's - the next exercise
suspend if you suspend someone, you officially stop them from going to school or doing their job for a period of time because they have done something wrong. Suspend is often used in the passive.The noun is suspension: he was -edfrom school for cheating / she's been -edfrom the police force / both players got a three-match suspension
victim a victim is someone who has been attacked,
hurt or injured, often in a crime: he was a - of bullying / the ~s of crime / sending food to the earthquake ~s
warning a warning is a statement telling someone about something bad that might happen to them
The verb is warn: she got a written - from the school / this is your last - /1 warned you not to do that
EXERCISES
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 I can't cope the stress
2 She seemed very concerned her exams
3 Have you ever cheated an exam?
4 The college has a good reputation music
5 He was suspended school fighting
6 They offer help to victims bullying
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 dedicated doctors show great
2 do plenty of revision foran
exam
3 a great achievement your
goals
4 encourage someone give
5 pushyparents a lot of parents
their children
6 a great success in your
career
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with a negative form
of the correct adjectives
accurate complete convenient experienced sensitive valid
1 No, it can't be 2 o'clock-that's an
time for me
2 She's only just started teaching, so she's still quite
3 I typed my password in, but it said it was
4 They started building the new theatre two years ago, but it's still
5 The first estimate they gave us was
- it cost much more than that in the end
6 He's very - he never thinks about other people's feelings
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the sentences with the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help
control deserve extend lighten skip
1 I've been working hard, so I a holiday
2 They've decided to opening hours
to attract more customers
3 I had too much work, so I asked my boss to
my workload
4 You should learn to yourtemper
5 Children often school if they are unhappy
В Match the two halves of the collocations
1 do a postgraduate a) skills
2 be a complete b) failure
3 believe in strict c) discipline in schools
4 have excellent sports d) course in
engineering
5 learn core e) facilities
С Choose the correct verbs to complete the collocations Look up the nouns if you need help
1 He got /did a warning from his teacher
2 I must make/do some revision tonight
3 Don't forget to hand in/put in your assignment
4 Please give /pay attention!
5 If he does that again, he'll get/do a detention
D Complete the missing adjectives
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verbs in the list Use to + infinitive or -ing
I achieve cheat cope do pass work
1 He's worked hard, so he deserves his exam
2 My parents have always encouraged me
5 I warned you not that again!
6 She's struggling with all the work
Trang 178
EATING
PACES 5 4 - 5
bland if something is bland, it has no taste or
character: that cheese tastes - / his food is a bit - /
I find that music a bit
-diabetic someone who is diabetic has an illness and
cannot control the level of sugar in their blood The
illness is called diabetes: I'm - /you can get special
chocolate for ~s / she's got diabetes / he suffers
from diabetes
dish a dish is a particular way of preparing food
Dishes often have names: his favourite - is
spaghetti bolognese / there are plenty of ~es to
choose from I a meat ~ / a traditional Creek
-fattening if food is fattening, it can make you fat
if you eat a lot of it: try to avoid -foods such as
chocolate / potatoes are quite
-filling if food is filling,you only have to eat a small
amount to feel full: a ~ soup/ I've had enough
thanks it was very
-fussy if someone is fussy about food, there are lots of
kinds of food that they don't like or refuse to eat:
you shouldn't be so - /young children are often
quite - about food I a - eater
go for if you go for something, you choose it: / think
I'll - the steak
greasy if something is greasy, it has a lot of oil or fat
in it or on it: the chips are a bit - / my hands are - /
shampoo for - hair
WORD BUILDING: ADJECTIVES THAT END WITH -Y
We often add -y to nouns to make an adjective
like greasy (from the noun grease) It usually
means it has a lot of the noun or is like the noun
buttery: a lovely - taste rubbery: a - texture
crunchy: biscuits salty: too
-juicy: - steak spicy: a - curry
oily: fish watery: the soup's a bit
-product a product is something which is made,
grown, or produced: I'm allergic to dairy ~s (foods produced from milk) /he won't use any animal ~s / his job is to develop new -s / bring a new ~ onto the market
raw if something is raw, it is not cooked, not
developed or not changed in any way: -fish /
- meat I - carrots / the meat is still ~ in the middle / have - talent (not developed yet) / only see the - data (not organized yet)
side a side dish is an extra dish, usually of vegetables
or salad, that you eat with your main meal You can also say that you have this extra dish on the side: would you like any ~ dishes with your fish? / I'll have a salad as a - dish / Can I have some chips
on the -?
stuffed food that is stuffed is cooked with a mixture
of other foods inside it: chicken - with lemon and tomatoes /a- pepper
stew a stew is a mixture of meat or vegetables that
is cooked slowly in a sauce: we had a delicious ~ made with goat meat / a chicken ~ / a fish ~ / make
a nice - / what's in the ~f
talk through if you talk someone through something,
you explain it to them carefully: can you talk us through the menu? /he talked us through the contract
tender if food is tender, it is soft and easy to eat A tender plant is delicate A tender person is gentle
and sensitive: the meat was - and juicy I the steak
is very - / boil the potatoes until they are - /
- plants won't withstand frost /a- song /a - kiss
texture the texture of something is how it feels to
touch: / hate the - offish / it's got a funny (strange) - / a lovely smooth - / a rough -
bound to if something is bound to happen, it is
certain that it will happen: we're-find a good restaurant somewhere in the town / it's - rain / that accident was - happen sooner or later / they're -find out
exceptional something that is exceptional is extremely good or extremely unusual The adverb
is exceptionally: she's an - student (very good) /
he showed courage / this is only allowed in circumstances /an exceptionally good meal
-goods goods are things that are produced so that
they can be sold: the shop sells a wide range of - / they stock Italian - / electronic - / leather -
left over if something is left over, it has not been eaten or used The noun is leftovers: is there any
soup ~? / use any meat that is -/put the leftovers
in the fridge
manners manners are ways of behaving that are
considered to be polite: it's good - to serve other people first / talking with your mouth full is seen as bad - / that man has no -I
mould mould is the blue, white or black substance that covers food when it becomes bad The adjective is mouldy: there was blue - on the bread / there's - on the walls because of the damp
overseas if you go overseas, you go to a different
country across the sea: he often travels - for work / they live - /he works - / the company has moved production - / the college has a lot of- students
(from other countries)
round if you go round or over to someone's house,
you go to visit them: / went - to see Tim / they invited us - for dinner / he popped - to say hello
split if you split something,you divide it into smaller
parts which are usually equal: shall we - the bill? / they agreed to - the profits / we'll - it so-so (per cent) / - the cake into five pieces
spread if you spread something,you cover an area with it If a thing spreads, it covers an area or
affects more and more people: - butter on bread / - jam on toast / - the good news (tell lots
of people) / the disease can - quickly
starving if you say you are starving, it means you are very hungry You also say that someone is starving
if they are dying because they do not have enough food The verb is starve: / was - by lunchtime / I'm
absolutely / people are to death I help the children in Africa
-stock if a shop stocks something, it has it so it is available. Stock is also a noun: they don't - French cheeses / the shop ~s a huge range of sports
equipment / I'm sorry, that book is out of - (there are none in the shop) /doyou have any more in ~?
transfer if you transfer something,you move it to another place If you transfer someone, you send
them to another place: the company -red me to the States (sent me there to work) /she's been -red
to the sales department / we were -red to the hotel
by bus /1 want to - I500 to my savings account
variation a variation is a difference between things
that are generally similar: the dish is cooked all over Italy, but there's a lot of regional - / this is a slight -
on a traditional recipe / there is considerable - in price
PAGES 5 8 - 9
advertise if you advertise something,you make sure
people know about what you have: they should
-in the paper / it was -don TV /the company is advertising for new recruits
appetite your appetite is the normal feeling of
hunger you have before a meal: that walk has given me an - / he's got a good - /don't have
sweets now - it'll spoil your - / I've lost my - (I
don't feel hungry)
attract if something attracts you, it makes you feel
interested so that you want to see it or visit it: the restaurant wants to - more customers / - tourists / his ideas have -ed a lot of interest / she -s a lot of attention
ban if you ban something,you have a rule or law which stops it happening. Ban is often used in the passive. Ban is also a noun: They should - adverts with really thin girls / smoking is -ned in all public placed / he was -ned from driving for three months / the government has introduced a -
on smoking
bare if something is bare, it is empty and not filled
or covered with anything If someone is bare, they
have no clothes on: the place looks cold and - / the walls are completely - / walk around in - feet
blame if you blame someone or something, you say
that they have caused a problem: / - the media for all the fuss / don't - me! /1 - the government for the mess / who's to-? / human activity is to -for climate change
decor the decor is the style of furniture and
decoration in a building: a smart new restaurant with trendy - /1 like the - here / they should improve the -
deserted if somewhere is deserted, there is no-one
there: the city centre is -at night/ the beach was - /
a - building
disorder a disorder is a medical problem: a lot of teenage girls have eating -s / he suffers from a heart - / a stomach -
Trang 18estimate if you estimate, you guess the amount,
value or strength of something If you
overestimate, your guess is too much If you
underestimate, your guess is too little: can you
-the cost of -the wedding? /1 ~d that -there were 200
people there / / overestimated how much food we
needed / he underestimated how long it would take
generous a generous amount is a very large
amount: the portions weren't very - / she gave me
a very - helping / they offer ~ discounts for groups /
a very - donation
inviting if something looks inviting, it looks pleasant
and makes you want to try it: the food didn't look
very / the pool looks / the beach looked
-limited if something is limited, there is not very much
of it or not many different things: the menu's
quite- /a - choice of dishes / there are - numbers
of tickets / places are -, so apply early
look out over if a building looks out over somewhere,
or overlooks somewhere, it has a view of that
place: our room looks out over the sea / the front
window looks out over the mountains / the house
overlooks a main road
organic something organic is natural and does not
use or contain artificial chemicals: the food is all-/
I only drink - milk / - farming is expanding /
an-farmer
overpower if one thing overpowers other things,
it is too strong so that the other things are not
noticeable If one person overpowers another,
they defeat them The adjective is overpowering :
the onions - the taste of everything else / an
overpowering taste of lemon / her perfume is
overpowering /government soldiers -ed the rebels
packed if something is packed, it is very full and
contains a lot of people or things: the town
centre was - / the train was - / the drink is - with vitamins / an action—film (full of action)
react if you react to something, you behave in a particular way when that thing happens to you If you overreact,your behaviour is too extreme: how did he - when you told him? /she -ed badly to the news / they -ed angrily / the government -ed by closing the embassy /1 think you're overreacting
stick if you stick with something, you continue to do
it or use it even when there are problems: / think I'll - with my own ideas / I'm going to - with my job and see if it gets better / she finds it hard to - to
a diet / we all have to - to the rules
swap if you swap something, you exchange it for
another thing can we - places? we -ped phone numbers (told each other our phone numbers)
terrace a terrace is an area just outside a building
or room where you can sit: the restaurant has a overlooking the sea /sit out on the - / aroof -
-tough food that is tough is hard and difficult to eat
Something that is tough is also hard or strong, or
difficult to do: the steak was -and overcooked / the plastic is quite - (difficult to break)/it's a very - exam /
it was a - decision to leave /she had a - time at school (with many problems)
vote if you vote for someone, you choose them in
an election If someone's voted out , or voted
off something, they lose their position after an
election: she was ~d off the show / the public -dfor him to stay in the competition / -for the Republican Party / the Conservatives were -d out at the last election
weight your weight is how heavy you are: / need to lose - / she's put on - /1 try to watch my - (eat carefully so that I don't get heavier) / he worries about his -
EXERCISES 5 some new customers
6 smoking in the building
PREPOSITIONS
A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
1 Some people are starving death
2 I'm afraid those toys are of stock
3 He was banned driving
4 Whodoyoublame thisproblem?
5 Fresh fruit is packed vitamins
6 She reacted badly the news
7 It's difficult to stick a diet
8 Who did you vote in the election?
WORD FAMILIES
A Complete the expressions with the correct form
of the word in bold
1 he's diabetic suffer from
2 a filling meal feel
3 an exceptional student good
4 there's some food left over put the
in the fridge
5 some mould on the cheese a piece of
bread
WORD-BUILDING
A Complete the sentences with adjectives formed from the nouns
1 Fried food is often too
2 The biscuits had a lovely taste
3 Salmon is a type of fish
4 I love hot food
5 This soup is horrible and
6 You shouldn't drink too many drinks
В Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help
estimate overpower stick stock swap
1 The shop a wide range of products
2 Can you the cost of the holiday?
3 The pepper all the other flavours
4 Can we places so that I'm next to the window?
5 I think I'll with this job for a while
С Complete the collocations with nouns from the unit
1 a traditional Italian d _ _ h
2 he doesn't use animal p s
3 they sell a lot of leather g s
4 suffer from an eating d r
5 a restaurant with a roof t e
D Which of the following words do not collocate with the nouns?
1 good / bad / strong manners
2 spoil / lose /findyour appetite
3 lose / put on / get weight
4 a smooth / rough / big texture
E Complete the sentences with the adjectives from the list
deserted fattening generous limited
1 She doesn't eat chocolate because it's
2 You can eat vegetables cooked or
3 Cook the meat until it is lovely and
4 At midnight the town centre was
5 She gave me a very portion of chips
6 food is grown in a natural way
7 There isn't much choice - the menu's quite
COLLOCATIONS
A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help
advertise attract ban split spread transfer
1 the bill between us
1 I'll go to/for the apple pie, please
2 They invited me round /down for a meal
3 The restaurant looks out/or/overthe lake
4 He was voted off / over the show
5 The Democrats were voted off / out at the last
election