www.tuhoc.edu.vn ) o): n no phân li hoàn toàn thành ion = < TOPPER Chú ý VD1: HCl " H+ + Cl– Ba(OH)2 " NaCl Ba2+ + 2OH– Na+ + Cl– VD2: CH3COOH Mg(OH)2 CaSO4 CH3COO– + H+ Mg2+ + 2OH– Ca2+ + SO42– 21 li H+ VD3: HCl, H2SO4, li OH– li H+ OH– VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn proton (H+) +) (H+) + Các axit theo quan tính: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2… – , 2+, Zn2+, Al3+, 2–, CO32–, NH4+… PO43–, CH3COO–… A + H2O H3O+ HSO3–, HS–, HPO42–… 4)2CO3… n B+ B + H2O [B].[H ] [A] Ka Kb A + OH– [A].[OH ] [B] – Kb – Ka b a – Kb – Ka – + – VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3… ion H+ 2HPO3, NaH2PO2 VD7: NaHCO , K HPO , KHSO … 4 CaOCl2… htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn (A (B (C (D (A) CH4 (B) C2H5OH (C) HCl (D) C6H6 không (A) H2SO4 TOPPER Chú ý (B) KOH (C) C2H5OH (D) AgNO3 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH, C12H22O11 3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4 – CH3COONH4 – KAl(SO4)2.12H2 A) B) C) 5 (A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH D) (B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2 (C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl (D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3 (A) 3, (B) (C) AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3 (D) (A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3 (B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3 (C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4 (D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl (B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4 (C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl (D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn (A) H2SO4 H+ + SO42– (B) H2SO4 2H+ + HSO4– (C) H2SO4 H+ + 2SO42– (D) H2SO4 2H+ + SO42– Na+ + O2– (B) KOH A (A) NaOH Ca2+ + OH– (C) Ca(OH)2 Na+ + OH– (D) Ca(OH)2 B Ca2+ + 2OH– không Na+ + Cl– (A) NaCl (C) Na2SO4 Ca2+ + SO42– (B) CaSO4 2Na+ + SO42– Ca2+ + 2Cl– (D) CaCl2 C (A) NaOH Na+ + Cl– (B) Na2SO4 (C) BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42– (D) NaCl D (A (B (C (D E (A) < (C) < 2Na+ + SO42– Na+ + Cl– là < < 100 F CH3 (A (C G axit? (A) HCl (B) (D) 100 (B (D không (B) HNO3 (C) CH4 (D) H2SO4 H htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (A) NaOH (C) C6H5OH (B) Ca(OH)2 (D) KOH www.tuhoc.edu.vn I (A) NaOH (C) Al(OH)3 (B) Mg(OH)2 (D) Cu(OH)2 J (A) Al(OH)3 (C) Pb(OH)2 TOPPER Chú ý + CH3COOH CH3 không (B) Zn(OH)2 (D) Cu(OH)2 K (A (C (B (D L (A (C (B (D CH3COO– + H+ – 3COO CH3COO– axit CH3COOH M (A) S 2SO3 (C) SO32– (B) SO2 N (A) Zn (D) SO3 (B) ZnO (C) Zn2+ (D) ZnCl2 (B) S2– (C) Cu2+ (D) Al3+ (B) S2– (C) Al3+ (D) SO32– O (A) Cl– P (A) CO32– Q (A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32– (B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+ (C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+ (D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32– R (A) Fe2+ (B) Fe3+ (C) HS– S – , (D) Cl– H2PO4–, PO43–, NH3, S2–, HPO42– htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (A) (B) (C) (D) www.tuhoc.edu.vn T HNO2, HCOOH a U b – , CH3COO–, HCOO– V (A (B (C (D W (A (B (C (D a a a a b [NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2 3 3 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn ) o): n hay no C C0 – C0 < VD8: 3COOH 3COOH 3COOH – Vì < 100 0, 02 < nên CH3 VD9: li + PT phân li: CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+ 3COOH]phân li = 3COOH [H+] = 0,004 M M 0, 004 0, 004 VD10: a HCl 0,5 M b Ba(NO3)2 M Vì HCl, Ba(NO3)2 Al2(SO4)3 HCl 0,5 M PT phân li: HCl = H+ + Cl– (1) +] = [Cl–] = [HCl] = 0,5 M Ba(NO3)2 M PT phân li: Ba(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3– 2+] htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (2) = [Ba(NO3)2] = M [NO3–] = [Ba(NO3)2] = M www.tuhoc.edu.vn VD11: CH3COO– H+ dung = 0,02 3COOH, C C0 C = C0 PT phân li CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+ Phân li: 0,001 0,001 0,001 3COOH 0,05 M [CH3COOH] = 0,049 M [CH3COO–] = 0,001 M [H+] = 0,001 M X a NaCl 0,4 M c FeSO4 1,2 M e Ba(OH)2 0,25 M b CaCl2 0,5 M d H2SO4 0,15 M f Na3PO4 0,03 M Y = 0,05 = 0,01 = 0,04 b CH3 Z H+ 4,08.10–4 (A (C + = 0,0108 = 0,0408 (B (D 0,004 M Khi pha = 0,0408 = 0,0108 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu C Câu D B Câu P C C E B Q C C F A R C B G C S D C H C T C I C U D J D V B C K B W A D L A X A D M C Y B B N C Z C C O B T Ka (HClO) = [ClO ].[H ] [HClO] Ka (HCOOH) = U Kb (NO2-) = [NO2 ].[H ] [HNO2 ] [HCOO ].[H ] [HCOOH] [HNO2 ].[OH ] Kb (CH3COO-) = Ka (HNO2) = C [NO2 ] Kb (HCOO-) = [HCOOH].[OH ] [HCOO ] [CH3COOH].[OH ] [CH3COO ] X a [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M b [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = M c [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M d [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M e [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M f [Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M Y a [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M b [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog c [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M