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The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Copyright © 2016 by ACT, Inc All rights reserved Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand One Montgomery Street, Suite 1000, San Francisco, CA 94104-4594—www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appropriate Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages Readers should be aware that Internet websites offered as citations and/or sources for further information may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it is read Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002 Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com ACT endorses the Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education and the Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement, guides to the conduct of those involved in educational testing ACT is committed to ensuring that each of its testing programs upholds the guidelines in each Code A copy of each Code may be obtained free of charge from ACT Customer Services (70), P.O Box 1008, Iowa City, IA 52243-1008, 319-337-1429 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from ACT, Inc Inquiries concerning this publication shoud be mailed to: ACT Publications P.O Box 168 Iowa City, Iowa 52243-0168 ISBN 978-1-119-22541-6 ePDF 978-1-119-22543-0; Replica/Kindle 978-1-119-27208-3 Cover design: Wiley Printed in the United States of America First Edition PB Printing 10 Contents Preface How This Book Is Arranged Before You Begin xi xii xii Part One: Getting Acquainted with the ACT Test Chapter 1: About the ACT Description of the ACT English Test Mathematics Test Reading Test Science Test Writing Test (Optional) ACT Test Formats: Paper and Online Using a Calculator Taking the Test Summaryy 4 13 15 18 20 20 21 22 Chapter 2: Preparation, Skills, and Strategies Mental Preparation Identify Strengths and Address Areas of Improvement Develop a Positive Mental Attitude Keep the Test in Perspective General Test-Taking Strategies and Skills Remain Calm Pace Yourselff Know the Directions Ahead of Time Read Carefully and Thoroughly y Choose Strategies for Answering Easier and More Difficult Questions Use Logic on More Difficult Questions Choose a Strategy for Guessing on Multiple-Choice Questions Choose a Strategy for Changing Answers Write Notes in Your Test Booklet Mark Your Answers Carefully y Plan to Check Your Answers Learn Strategies for Specific Tests 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 Summaryy 31 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 v Contents Part Two: Taking and Evaluating Your First Practice Test 33 Chapter 3: Taking and Scoring Your First ACT Practice Test Simulating Testing Conditions Scoring Your Practice Test Scoring Your Multiple-Choice Practice Tests Scoring Your Practice Writing Test Essay y Reviewing Explanatory Answers 35 35 101 102 108 113 Chapter 4: Identifying Areas for Improvement Reviewing Your Overall Performance Highlighting Strengths and Areas for Improvement on the English Test Test-Taking Skills Highlighting Strengths and Areas for Improvement on the Mathematics Test Math Subject Areas Test-Taking Errors Highlighting Strengths and Areas for Improvement on the Reading Test Types of Reading Passages Reading Skills Tested Test-Taking Errors Highlighting Strengths and Areas for Improvement on the Science Test Subject Matter Types of Science Questions Common Science Test-Taking Errors Highlighting Strengths and Areas for Improvement on the Writing Test Writing Skills Tested Writing Strategy or Process Errors 188 189 189 190 192 192 192 193 194 194 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 Part Three: Improving Your Score 201 Chapter 5: Improving Your English Score Content of the ACT English Test Types of Questions on the ACT English Test Strategies for Taking the ACT English Test vi The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 203 203 204 213 Contents Chapter 6: Improving Your Math Score Content of the ACT Mathematics Test Types of Questions on the ACT Mathematics Test Basic Math Problems Basic Math Problems in Settings Very Challenging Problems Question Sets Strategies for Taking the ACT Mathematics Test Pace Yourselff Answer All Questions Answer All the Easy Questions First, Then Go Back to Answer the Hard Ones Read Each Problem Carefullyy Look for Information in the Answer Choices Use Illustrations Wisely and Whenever You Can Use Your Calculator Wisely y Think! Show Your Work k Check Your Answers 229 230 231 231 235 239 246 251 251 251 Chapter 7: Improving Your Reading Score Content of the ACT Reading Test Types of Passages on the ACT Reading Test Prose Fiction Humanities Social Studies Natural Sciences Types of Questions on the ACT Reading Test Representative ACT Reading Test Questions Strategies for Taking the ACT Reading Test Pace Yourselff Use the Time Allotted Think of an Overall Strategy That Works for You Keep the Passage as a Whole in Mind Find a Strategy for Approaching Each Question Reading Strategies Summaryy 255 255 256 256 256 257 257 257 258 268 268 268 269 269 269 270 Chapter 8: Improving Your Science Score Content of the ACT Science Test Format of the ACT Science Test Data Representation Format 278 278 279 280 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 252 252 252 253 253 253 254 254 vii Contents Discussion of Sample Passage I (Data Representation) Research Summaries Format Discussion of Sample Passage II (Research Summaries) Confl icting Viewpoints Format Discussion of Sample Passage III (Conflicting Viewpoints) Strategies for Taking the ACT Science Test Develop a Problem-Solving Method Take Notes Pace Yourselff Practice Interpreting Graphs, Tables, and Diagrams Make the Most of the Information in Graphs Make the Most of the Information in Tables Develop an Understanding of Scientific Investigations Carefully Analyze Conflicting Viewpoints 282 285 287 289 291 294 294 295 295 295 296 298 299 299 Chapter 9: Improving Your Score on the Optional Writing Test Content of the ACT Writing Test How Your Essay Will Be Scored Sample Prompt and Essays Sample ACT Writing Test Prompt Sample Essay Responses Strategies for Taking the ACT Writing Test Prewrite Write Review Your Essay y Practice 300 301 301 301 302 304 328 328 328 329 329 Part Four: Taking Additional Practice Tests 331 Chapter 10: Taking Additional Practice Tests 333 Explanatory Answers 399 Explanatory Answers 539 Chapter 11: Scoring the Additional Practice Tests Scoring Your Practice Tests Scoring Practice Test Scoring the Multiple-Choice Tests Scoring Your Practice Writing Test Essayy Scoring Practice Test Scoring the Multiple-Choice Tests Scoring Your Practice Writing Test Essayy viii The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 623 624 625 625 631 634 634 639 Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day Testing More Than Once The following text is from www.actstudent.org with some changes If you think you can improve your scores, you can retake the ACT (You can take the ACT no more than 12 times total.) Many students take the test twice, once as a junior and again as a senior Of the students who took the ACT more than once: • 57% increased their Composite score • 21% had no change in their Composite score • 22% decreased their Composite score You determine which set of scores are sent to colleges or scholarship programs ACT will release only the scores from the test date (month and year) and test location (e.g., national, state, school) you designate This protects you and ensures that you direct the reporting of your scores Moving Forward to Test Day However, you cannot mix and match scores For example, ACT will not send your mathematics test results from one test and your English test results from another The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 695 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 696 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 697 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 698 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 699 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 700 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 701 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 702 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 703 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 704 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 705 The Official ACT Prep Guide NOTES 706 The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT Registering, Planning, and Packing for Test Day NOTES The ONLY Official Prep Guide from the Makers of the ACT 707 Get the edge you seek with ACT Online Prep ! TM Prepare anywhere, anytime at your pace—online and with our mobile app Follow learning plans customized especially for you See questions from previous ACT tests and take a full-length practice test To learn more and order the program, visit www.actstudent.org/ onlineprep © ACT, Inc All rights reserved 5164 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT Go to www.wiley.com/go/eula to access Wiley’s ebook EULA