Loại thứ nhất là những từ có nghĩa hoàn toàn giống nhau, được dùng như nhau và có thể thay thế cho nhau trong hầu hết các trường hợp.. Từ các khái niệm nêu trên có một số điểm chúng ta c
Trang 1PHẦN II: NỘI DUNG
I Khái niệm về từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa
I 1 Từ đồng nghĩa
Theo từ điển ngôn ngữ, từ đồng nghĩa là những từ có nghĩa giống nhau hoặc gần giống nhau Từ đồng nghĩa được chia làm hai loại là đồng nghĩa hoàn toàn và đồng nghĩa không hoàn toàn Loại thứ nhất là những từ có nghĩa hoàn toàn giống nhau, được dùng như nhau và có thể thay thế cho nhau trong hầu hết các trường hợp Loại thứ hai Là các từ tuy cùng nghĩa nhưng vẫn khác nhau phần nào sắc thái biểu cảm (biểu thị cảm xúc, thái độ …) hoặc cách thức hành động Khi dùng những từ này, ta phải cân nhắc lựa chọn cho phù hợp
1.2 Từ trái nghĩa
Từ trái nghĩa là những từ có nghĩa trái ngược nhau Tương tự như từ đồng nghĩa, chúng ta cũng có hai loại từ trái nghĩa là trái nghĩa hoàn toàn và trái nghĩa không hoàn toàn
Từ các khái niệm nêu trên có một số điểm chúng ta cần phải lưu ý như sau: Cho dù các từ được coi là đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa nhau hoàn toàn, giữa chúng cũng có sự khác biệt và không thể dùng thay cho nhau trong mọi trường hợp Chính vì vậy, bên cạnh việc dạy và học nghĩa của
từ, chúng ta cần phải chú ý đến ngữ cảnh trong đó các từ đồng nghĩa hay trái nghĩa có thể được dùng
TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA TRÁI NGHĨA BÀI TẬP PHÂN DẠNG ĐẦY ĐỦ -CÓ ĐÁP ÁN
Trang 2III.1 Dạng bài tập “Matching” - ghép hai từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa
Unit 1: Home Life
Exercise 1 Match the word in column A with its synonym in colum B
3 wash the clothes c regulation
Đáp án
Exercise 1: 1.i 2 f 3 h 4 c 5 b 6 j 7 e 8 a 9 g 10 d
Exercise 2 Match the word in column A with its antonym in colum B
Trang 3Đáp án
Exercise 2: 1.d 2 h 3 i 4 a 5 b 6 e 7 c 8.j 9 f 10 g
Unit 2: Cultural Diversity Exercise 3 Match the word in column A with its synonym in colum B
Đáp án
Exercise 3: 1.e 2 g 3 i 4 a 5 h 6 k 7 f 8.c 9 b 10 d
Exercise 4 Match the word in column A with its antonym in colum B
Trang 4Đáp án
Exercise 4: 1.f 2 k 3 a 4 h 5 i 6.b 7 c 8.d 9 e 10.g
Unit 3: Ways of socializing Exercise 5 Match the word in column A with its synonym in colum B
Đáp án
Exercise 5: 1.e 2 a 3 h 4 k 5 d 6 i 7 b 8.f 9 c 10 g
Exercise 6 Match the word in column A with its antonym in colum B
8 verbal language h take a message
Trang 510 success k old-fashioned
Đáp án
Exercise 6: 1.e 2 k 3 h 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 d 8.f 9 g 10 i
III.2 Dạng bài tập “Odd one out” – chọn từ khác loại
Ở dạng bài tập này học sinh phải nhận ra một từ không cùng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa với các
từ còn lại Để làm bài tập này, học sinh phải nhớ được các nhóm từ đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa
với nhau
Unit 1: Home Life
Exercise 1: Find one word that is different in meaning from the others
1 housework, household chores, domestic tasks, household duties, daily tasks
2 help, give a hand, owe, assist, aid
3 try, eliminate, endeavor, strive, make an effort, attempt
4 build, construct, put up, ruin, erect
5 child, kid, infant, gentleman
6 place, space, site, spot
7 sometimes, occasionally, frequently, from time to time
8 important, creative, vital, crucial, significant
9 hobby, interest, perseverance, taste
10 task, complement, duty, mission
Đáp án
Exercise 1:
1 daily tasks 2 owe 3 eliminate 4 ruin 5 gentleman
6 space 7 frequently 8 creative 9 perserverance 10 complement
Trang 6Unit 2: Cultural Diversity Exercise 2: Find one word that is different in meaning from the others
1 idea, view, point of view, opinion, objection
2 love sb, fall in love with sb, interfere with sb, fall with sb, take to sb
3 choose, select, opt, pick out, reckon, decide on, agree on
4 conduct a survey, make a survey, carry out a survey, cancel a survey
5 main, key, primary, vicious, major, core
6 famous, well-known, renowned, excessive, celebrated, notable, pretigious
7 take part in, participate in, result in, engage in, join, attend
8 however, nevertheless, on the contrary, additionally, by contrast, controversially
9 rich, wealthy, middle-class, well-off, affluent
10 dangerous, disastrious, hazardous, perilous, risky
Đáp án
Exercise 2:
1 objection 2 interfere with sb 3 reckon 4 cancel a survey 5 vicious
6 excessive 7 result in 8 additionally 9 middle-class 10 disastrious
Unit 3: Ways of socializing Exercise 3: Find one word that is different in meaning from the others
1 terrible, awful, dreadful, accessible
2 problem, difficulty, trouble, amenity, obstacle
3 argument, appointment, row, quarrel
4 beginning, provision, start, rudiment
5 hate, detest, spark, loathe, dislike
6 friend, colleague, mate, pal, company
7 big, huge, giant, skeptical, mighty, gigantic, bulky
8 like, enjoy, love, fancy, adore, detect
9 mistake, error, fault, apology
Trang 710 attack sb’s attention, get sb’s attention, distract sb’s attention, catch sb’s attention
Đáp án
Exercise 3:
1 accessible 2 amenity 3 appointment 4 provision 5 spark
6 colleague 7 skeptical 8 detect 9 apology 10 distract sb’s attention
III.3 Dạng bài tập “Multiple choices” – trắc nghiệm
Exercise: Choose the best word/phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part
in each of the following questions
1 Women whose husbands do not contribute to the domestic chores are more vulnerable to illness
A able to be well protected B able to be easily hurt
C able to be well known D able to be equally treated
2 In many cultures, the mother is usually the homemaker while the father is the breadwinner
A the family member who is willing to share the domestic chores
B the family member who likes bread
C the family member who is responsible for childcare
D the family member who earns money to support the family
3 We enjoy spending time together in the evening when the family members assemble in the living room after a day of working hard
A get together B watch TV C chat D tell jokes
4 She got up late and rushed to the bus stop
A came into B went leisurely C went quickly D dropped by
5 It will take more or less a month to prepare for the wedding
A approximately B generally C frankly D appreciatively
6 This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate
A situation B attention C place D matter
7 When you are in a restaurant, you can raise your hand slightly to show that you need assistance
8 Peter: In my opinion, old aged parents should lead independent lives in nursing homes
Nam: I disagree with you Children should take after their elderly parents
A You can say that again
B I can’t agree with you any more
C There’s no doubt about that
D That’s not a good idea
9 Although I live in London for one year, I’m not used to driving on the left
A accustomed
B familiar
C looking forward
D supportive
10 Quan Ho singing, a traditional kind of music, originated in Bac Ninh Province in the 13th
century
Trang 8A launched
B took its origin
C initiated
D appeared
Đáp án
III.4 Dạng bài tập “Replacement” – thay thế
Exercise: Replace the underlined word or phrases with its synonyms
1 Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home
2 Whenever we hurt someone’s feeling, we apologize
3 Members of my family share the household chores
4 Andrea can’t wait for her flight
5 In an extended family, three or even four generations live in one home
6 She complimented me on my new shirt
7 Members of our family have very close relationships with each other
8 Could you please look after the baby while I’m away?
9 My parents seldom allow telling lies in my family
10 A survey was made to determine their attitudes toward love and marriage
Đáp án
1 work together 2 made an apology
3 do our share of 4 look forward to
5 joint family/ under the same roof 6 paid me a nice compliment
7 get on very well 8 keep an eye on
III.5 Dạng bài tập “Paraphrasing”- diễn giải
Đây là dạng bài tập tổng hợp, học sinh phải viết lại các câu sử dụng các từ đồng nghĩa và các cấu trúc đồng dạng
Exercise: Paraphrase the following sentences
1 I’m 28 years old
Trang 92 She is a doctor in a local hospital
3 There are four people in my family
4 I help my mother with some housework such as cleaning the house and taking out the garbage
5 It is undeniable that families play an important part in our lives
6 Not only my dad but also my mum works and support the family
7 The bride and the groom thanked all the guests for their presence best wishes
8 To attract someone’s attention, we can use either verbal or non-verbal forms of
communication
9 In America, it’s impolite to ask questions about age, marriage and income
10 You had better not take calls during meal time
Đáp án
1 I’m an 28-year-old girl
I’m in my late twenties
2 She works as physician in a local hospital
3 I come from a family of four people
I was born into a family of four people
4 I give my mum a hand with some domestic tasks like tidying up the house and emptying the rubbish
5 Nobody can deny the importance of families in our lives
6 Both my parents go out to work and provide for the family
7 The couple expressed their special gratitude to all the participants for their presence and
blessings
8 In order to draw other people’s attention, either verbal or non-verbal forms of communication can be used
9 It’s considered discourteous to ask Americans questions about age, marriage and income
10 You are advised not to take calls when having meals
Trang 10IV Một số bài tập trắc nghiệm về từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa trong các đề thi THPT Quốc Gia
Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT Quốc Gia năm 2015
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s)CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 1: When Susan invited us to dinner, she really showed off her culinary talents She
prepared a feast – a huge selection of dishes that were simply mouth-watering
A having to do with food and cooking
B involving hygienic conditions and diseases
C relating to medical knowledge
D concerning nutrition and health
Question 2: Suddenly, it began to rain heavily, so all the summer hikers got drenched all over
A cleansed B completely wet C very tired D refreshed
Question 3: “It’s no use talking to me about metaphysics It’s a closed book to me.”
A a subject that I don’t understand B a theme that I like to discuss
C a book that is never opened D an object that I really love
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 4: "Don't be such a pessimist I'm sure you'll soon get over it Cheer up!"
Question 5: "Be quick! We must speed up if we don’t want to miss the flight "
A turn down B look up C slow down D put forward
Đáp án
Trang 11Đề tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 1: John wants to buy a new car, so he starts setting aside a small part of his monthly
earnings
A spending on B using up C putting out D saving up Question 2: The board of directors rejected the proposed project, explaining that it was too
expensive to be feasible at the present moment
A costly B troublesome C capable D practicable Question 3: After all these years of good work, Arthur deserves a promotion
A ought to be denied B might be produced
C should be given D could be rejected
Question 4: The performance of the synchronized swimmers was so brilliant; the judges could
find no flaws in it
A find nothing imperfect B award no bonus
C find many mistakes D suggest more improvements
Question 5: When I visited the city, I was really impressed by the hospitality of the people there
A deeply depressed B fairly concerned
C slightly frightened D deeply moved
Đáp án
Trang 12Đề tuyển sinh Đại học khối D năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 1: Those children who stay longer hours at school than at home tend to spend their
formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests
A being separated from peers B forming a new business company
C being together with friends D enjoying the care of parents
Question 2: Many parents may fail to recognize and respond to their children’s needs until
frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior
A slowly reaches the boiling point B remains at an unchanged level
C suddenly becomes uncontrollable D stays under pressure
Question 3: “A friend in need is a friend indeed”: Our friends have voiced their strong criticism
of China’s escalation of tension on our continental shelf
A facing the reality B worsening the situation
C easing the tension D improving the condition
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 4: Any student who neglects his or her homework is unlikely to do well at school
A puts off B looks for C attends to D approves of Question 5: We run a very tight ship here, and we expect all our employees to be at their desks
by eight o'clock and take good care of their own business
A manage an inflexible system B have a good voyage
C run faster than others D organize things inefficiently
Đáp án
Trang 13Đề tuyển sinh Đại học khối A1 năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
Question 1: Even though the mountain was very steep and the climb was hazardous, several
adventurous tourists managed to reach the top
A causing a lot of risks B bringing excitement
C costing a lot of money D resulting in depression
Question 2: Thanks to the invention of the microscope, biologists can now gain insights into the
nature of the human cell
A deep understanding B in-depth studies
C spectacular sightings D far-sighted views
Question 3: Just like hearing infants who start first with simple syllable babbling, then put more
syllables together to sound like real sentences and questions, deaf babies follow the same pattern
A able to hear B physically abnormal C hard of hearing D obedient to parents Question 4: Dozens of applicants showed up for the vacant position, but only a handful of them
were shortlisted for the interview
A small number B hand C class D small amount Question 5: Now many people who shop at a health food store instead of a local supermarket are
much more likely to find a healthy, sugar-free beverage
A convenient to prepare B beneficial to health
C harmful to health D full of preservatives
Đáp án