TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH

Some people provide goods; some provide services.. The work which people do is called their economic activity.. The work which people undertake either provides what they need or provides

TI NG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QTKD

L u hành n i b

HÀ N I - 2006

TI NG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH QTKD

THS NGUY N TH THI T

English for Business management là cu n sách h ng d n d y và h c ti ng Anh chuyên ngành Qu n tr kinh doanh chính th c c a H c vi n Công ngh B u chính vi n thông đ c biên

so n dành cho h c viên đã h c xong cu n ti ng Anh I và II đang chu n b , đang c n hay mu n s

d ng ti ng Anh m t cách có hi u qu trong công vi c c a mình B sách này đ c bi t h u ích cho sinh viên các ngành kinh t , qu n tr … nói riêng và cho sinh viên hi n nay nói chung, nh ng

ng i s b c vào th gi i c a công vi c và th ng m i khi k t thúc ch ng trình h c c a mình

Cu n sách này cung c p m t n i dung r t phong phú, giúp cho h c viên luy n đ c các k

n ng nghe, nói, đ c và vi t đ ng th i giúp cho h c viên hi u và di n đ t nh ng khái ni m then

ch t c a kinh doanh và kinh t h c Cu n sách bao quát nh ng l nh v c quan tr ng trong vi c

qu n lý, s n xu t, ti p th , tài chính và kinh t v mô

Cu n sách đ c biên so n g m có 10 bài Các bài đ u có c u trúc t ng t nh nhau: ph n

gi i thi u, m c đích bài h c, bài đ c 1, ph n th c hành ngôn ng , bài đ c 2, tóm t t bài h c, ph n

t v ng c bi t cu n sách còn biên so n thêm ph n luy n nghe, nói v i các tình hu ng th c t

và các bài t p c ng c cu i m i bài cùng v i đ a CD nh m giúp cho h c viên ôn t p c ng c cách s d ng các t và thành ng đã đ c p trong bài đ ng th i c ng giúp cho các h c viên thêm

t tin và linh ho t trong giao ti p th c t c a mình

Cu n sách l n đ u tiên ra m t nên khó tránh kh i nh ng khi m khuy t, r t mong nh n đ c

UNIT 1 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

I INTRODUCTION

B n b t đ u h c bài đ u tiên c a ph n ti ng Anh chuyên ngành Qu n tr kinh doanh Bài

đ c b c c theo trình t nh sau: m c đích, bài đ c 1, ph n th c hành ngôn ng , bài đ c 2, bài luy n nghe, tóm t t n i dung bài h c, b ng t v ng, ph n bài t p và đáp án cho t t c các bài t p

B n nên đ c k m c đích c a bài h c Ph n này giúp b n bi t đ c n i dung s h c trong bài Khi b n đã n m rõ đ c nh ng n i dung này thì có ngh a là b n đã đ t đ c m c đích c a bài

h c

Trong bài 1 b n s h c v các ho t đ ng kinh t : th nào là ho t đ ng kinh t và các ho t

đ ng kinh t t o nên cái gì…

II UNIT OBJECTIVES

Bài h c này bao g m các m c đích sau:

- T v ng có liên quan đ n l nh v c ho t đ ng kinh t

- Cách s d ng “Will” và “May” đ nói v kh n ng trong t ng lai

- Cách s d ng các đ i t quan h nh : who, whom, which, that, when, where và whose

- Cách chuy n t danh t sang tính t b ng cách thêm h u t “al”

Most people work in order to earn their living

They produce goods and services

Goods are either produced on farms, like maize and milk, or in factories, like cars and paper

Services are provided by such things as schools, hospitals and shops

Some people provide goods; some provide services

Other people provide both goods and services

For example, in the same garage, a man may buy a car, or he may buy some service which helps him to maintain his car

The work which people do is called their economic activity

Economic activities make up the economic system

The economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want

The work which people undertake either provides what they need or provides them with money

People buy essential commodities with money

Sau khi đã đ c k bài đ c 2 l n, b n hãy tr l i các câu h i c a bài t p s 1 và nh ch s

d ng các thông tin đã cho trong bài đ c Khi tr l i các câu h i, b n vi t t t các các câu tr l i đó

ra, sau đó ki m tra l i trong ph n đáp án xem đã đúng ch a Cu i cùng b n hãy t p nói nh ng câu

đã tr l i cho th t thành th o và đ c l i bài khoá m t l n n a tr c khi chuy n sang ph n ti p theo

Trong bài t p s 2, b n hãy đ i các câu sau gi ng nh ví d đã cho Trong tr ng h p này

c 2 câu đ u có ngh a nh nhau đ u ch ra kh n ng có th trong t ng lai

Example: Perhaps he will come

Exercise 3: D ch bài đ c 1.1 sang ti ng Vi t Sau khi d ch xong b n có th ki m tra l i ph n

d ch trong ph n Key to reading

Bây gi b n chuy n sang ph n th c hành ngôn ng (Language Practice)

2 LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Trong ph n th c hành ngôn ng , b n s h c hai c u trúc sau: đ i t quan h và cách chuy n

t danh t sang tính t

Structure 1: Relative pronouns ( đ i t quan h )

i t quan h liên quan v i m t danh t , đ i t ho c câu đ ng tr c và n i m nh đ nó

gi i thi u v i m t m nh đ khác trong câu i t quan h có ch c n ng đ i t và c a liên t

Jack is a good boy (Jack là m t đ a tr ngoan.)

He is never idle (Nó không bao gi l i nhác.)

Chúng ta có th k t h p 2 câu riêng r này thành m t câu theo 2 cách khác nhau:

(a) Jack is a good boy and he is never idle

(b) Jack is a good boy who is never idle

Câu (a) là câu t p h p, câu (b) là câu ph c h p Rõ ràng là who làm công vi c c a đ i t

(thay th cho danh t boy) và c a liên t (n i 2 câu đ n tr thành 2 m nh đ trong câu ph c h p)

Boy là t đ ng tr c c a who M nh đ b t đ u v i who là m nh đ ph quan h (relative clause),

và vì nó b ngh a cho danh t boy, t c là làm công vi c c a m t tính t , nên c ng g i là m nh đ

- The man whose son works with you is my brother (Ng i mà con trai ng i y làm vi c

v i anh là anh tôi) (s h u)

b who đôi khi c ng dùng cho loài v t đ c nhân hoá

- Our dog Jock, who had been lost for two days, was found and brought home by a

policeman (Con chó Jock c a chúng tôi đã đi l c 2 ngày đ c m t c nh sát tìm th y và

- The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me (Bút chì trong túi c a anh là c a tôi.) (làm ch ng )

- This is the book which I read last month ( ây là quy n sách tôi đã đ c tháng tr c) (làm tân ng )

b Dùng thay cho m t câu đi tr c, có ngh a là đi u y, vi c y

- It is raining hard, which prevents me from going out (Tr i m a to, làm tôi không đi

ch i đ c.)

c Khi thay cho danh t t p h p ch ng i,”which” dùng v i s ít, “who” dùng v i s nhi u

- The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season ( i bóng Luân đôn, mùa n m ngoái ch i r t hay, mùa này ch i d )

- The team, who are are just getting their tickets, will meet on the platform at 2.30 ( i bóng, hi n đang l y vé, s g p nhau t i sân ga lúc 2 gi 30.)

- Tell me what you want (Hãy cho tôi bi t anh c n cái gì.)

- I do not understand what he said (Tôi không hi u đi u anh ta nói.)

c ôi khi đ c dùng đ nh n m nh

- What you need is a holiday ( i u anh c n là m t ngày ngh )

- What they ought to do is save more money ( i u h ph i làm là đ dành nhi u ti n

h n.)

2.5 That

a Dùng thay th cho “who, whom which”

- The man that (= who) stands at the door is my father (Ng i đ ng c a là cha tôi.)

- The man that (= whom) you see is my father (Ng i mà anh th y là cha tôi.)

- The house that (= which) you see is my father’s (Ngôi nhà mà anh th y là c a cha tôi.)

b “That” không đ ng sau gi i t

So sánh:

This is the house of which I spoke

This is the house which I spoke of

This is the house that I spoke of

This is the house I spoke of

( ây là cái nhà mà tôi nói t i.) – Không nói: … of that I spoke

c That có ý ngh a h n đ nh

So sánh:

- (a) His sister that lives in Paris speaks French (Ch anh ta Pari nói ti ng Pháp.)

- (b) His sister, who lives in Paris, speaks French (Ch anh ta, ng i Pari, nói ti ng Pháp.)

Câu (a) cho ta bi t anh ta có nhi u ng i ch , và đây là ng i Pari Câu (b) cho ta bi t anh

ta ch có m t ng i ch và ng i y Paris Vì ý ngh a h n đ nh y, đôi khi that không th thay

th cho who và which

So sánh:

- (a) His father, who lives in Paris, will return soon (Cha anh ta Luân đôn s tr v m t ngày g n đây.)

- (b) His father that lives in Paris will return soon

Câu (b) bu n c i vì nó g i ý r ng anh ta có nhi u ng i cha

d That dùng sau tính t so sánh b c tuy t đ i, k c first và last, và s th t

- He was the strongest man that I ever saw (Anh ta là ng i m nh nh t tôi đã g p.)

- It was the first time that I had been there ( ó là l n đ u tiên tôi t i đó.)

e That dùng sau đ i t không xác đ nh

- I will tell you something that you didn’t know before (Tôi s cho b n hay m t vi c

mà tr c đây b n không bi t.)

f That đ c dùng khi t đ ng tr c g m c ng i l n v t

- The book was about the men and the animals that the author had met on his travel

(Quy n sách y nói v ng i và nh ng con v t mà tác gi đã g p trong chuy n du l ch

c a ông ta.)

g That dùng sau đ i t nghi v n who và what

- Who is that person that you must respect? (Ng i y là ai mà anh ph i kính tr ng?)

- What is this that worries you so? ( ó là vi c gì mà làm anh lo l ng đ n th ?)

h That dùng sau l n m đ u b ng It is, It was

- It is the teacher that is imporant, not the kind of school he teaches in (chính th y giáo

m i quan tr ng, ch không ph i tr ng mà th y giáo d y.)

- Was it you that broke the window? (Có ph i anh đã làm v c a s không?)

Sau khi b n đã đ c k ph n c u trúc 1, b n hãy làm các bài t p sau đây:

Exercise 1

Combine these pairs of sentences as in the example ( B n hãy n i 2 câu thành m t câu có s

d ng đ i t quan h which theo nh ví d m u.)

Example: The services are useful The workers provide services

The services which the workers provide are useful

a The goods are essential They need the goods

a I saw the man He closed the door

Exercise 3: Vi t l i các câu sau s d ng đ i t quan h whose

a I apologized to the woman I spilled her coffee

Structure 2: Change nouns into adjectives (Chuy n danh t sang tính t )

chuy n t danh t sang tính t , b n có th thêm các h u t khác nhau nh : al, ly… Trong bài 1, b n h c cách thêm h u t “al” vào sau danh t đ đ c m t tính t m i

Ví du: condition (danh t ) + al (h u t ) conditional (tính t )

form (danh t ) + al (h u t ) formal (tính t )

Bây gi b n hãy làm bài t p s 1

Exercise 1

B n hãy chuy n các danh t đ c in nghiêng trong các câu sau thành tính t đ đi n vào các ô tr ng

Example: education education + al educational

Commerce commerci + al commercial

a These goods belong to the nation They are therefore

b Minerals are a part of nature They are therefore

c Schools provide education They are therefore centers of activity

d Shops are places of commerce They are therefore centers of activity

e He does not want anyone else to do this work He wants to do the work in person It is his

_ concern

3 TEXT 1.2

B n hãy đ c bài đ c 2 th t c n th n, sau đó làm bài t p s 1 và s 2 d i đây:

Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper) Services are such things

as education, medicine and commerce Some people provide goods; some provide services Other people provide both goods and services For example, in the same garage a man may buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car

The work which people do is called economic activity All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world Such an economic system

is the sum-total of what people do and what people want The work people undertake either provides what people need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities

Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential but provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema

Trong bài t p s 2, b n s làm bài luy n thêm v i các đ i t which và that B n hãy thay th

các đ i t which b ng đ i t that trong các câu sau Sau đó, b n vi t l i các câu đó mà không s

d ng c hai đ i t which và that (L u ý thêm: khi câu b n vi t l i không có các đ i t quan h

which và that thì ý ngh a c a câu v n gi nguyên nh ng câu vi t kém ph n tr nh tr ng h n)

Exercise 3: D ch bài đ c 2 sang ti ng Vi t N u g p t m i nào mà b n còn ch a rõ ngh a

thì hãy tra l i t trong ph n Vocabulary

4 LISTENING: Introducing Transworld

Ann Bell làm vi c cho v n phòng Transworld Freight Manchester Cô y đang nói chuy n v i m t nhân viên m i trong c ng tin (Anne Bell works in the Manchester office of Transworld Freight She is in the canteen talking to a new employee)

Exercise 1: Listening comprehension

B n nghe qua đ a m t l n và hãy quy t đ nh xem ai làm gì (Listen to the disc once through Then look at these lists and see if you can remember which person at Transworld did what.)

d She did the filling

e He spent time at the docks and the airport

f She took shorthand and typed letters

g She worked in the accounts department

h She introduced David to Sandra

i He drank a cup of coffee

j He sat at a table

k She welcomed David to Transworld

l He sent customers their bills

m He worked with the customs officials

n He talked to Jane

o She handled airfreight

p He dealt with customers’ accounts

Now say the past tense of these regular and irregular verbs like this:

Laboratory

P: Do R: Did

Exercise 2: Present simple and present progressive

Write and read your answers to Exercise 1 in the present, like this:

P: What does Anne do?

P: What else does she do?

P: What’s Nick doing in the picture?

P: What else is he doing?

R: She takes shorthand

R: She types letters

R: He’s sitting at a table

R: He's eating a sandwich

Laboratory drill A

P: Nick’s sitting at a table

He’s typing a letter

P: Sandra works in reception

Laboratory drill B

P: She handled airfreight

Laboratory drill C

P: He sat at a table

R: Oh? What’s he doing exactly?

R: Oh? What does she do exactly?

R: She handles airfreight

R: At the moment he’s sitting at a table

Exercise 3: The alphabet (pronunciation)

Listen to the disk and write down the twelve groups of four letters you hear, like this:

B n luy n t p v i c u trúc câu đ ngh hay yêu c u và cách đáp l i nh ng câu đ ngh đó

nh th nào theo nh m u câu d i đây:

Send a price list P: Could you send a price list please?

R: I’ll send it at once

immediately

1 Reply as soon as possible

2 Ring Mr Andrews

3 Photocopy the report

4 Type the memo

5 File the correspondence

6 Answer the letter

Laboratory drill A

P: Could you send a price list please?

Laboratory drill B

P: Send a price list

R: I'll send it at once

R: Could you send a price list please?

Exercise 5 Telephone enquiries

Listen to the disk and fill in the missing words in this telephone conversation

Transworld: Transworld Can I help you?

Caller: 1 I saw your2 for a junior accounts clerk in this morning's paper T: Oh yes

C: 3 to apply for the 4 5 send me an application form please?

T: Certainly

C: And could you tell me 6 about 7 ?

T: I’ll send details of the job and 8 with the application form

C: Thank you very much 9 from you 10 then.11

T: Just a moment Could you tell me your name and address?

C: Oh yes It’s Andrew

SUMMARY

Trong bài s 1 b n đã h c qua các ph n sau:

- T v ng có liên quan đ n l nh v c ho t đ ng kinh t

- Cách s d ng “Will” và “May” đ nói v kh n ng trong t ng lai

- Cách s d ng các đ i t quan h nh : who, whom, which, that, when, where và whose

- Cách chuy n t danh t sang tính t b ng cách thêm h u t “al”

- Ôn l i các thì hi n t i đ n, thì hi n t i ti p di n, thì quá kh đ n

- Cách s d ng câu đ ngh hay yêu c u và cách đáp l i nh ng câu đ ngh hay yêu c u đó

VOCABULARY

accounts clerk n nhân viên k toán

accounts department n phòng k toán

agricultural adj thu c nông nghi p

airfreight n hàng hoá ch b ng máy bay

commodity n hàng hoá

coordinate v ph i h p, đi u ph i

correspondence n th tín

customs clerk n nhân viên h i quan

customs documentation n ch ng t h i quan

customs official n viên ch c h i quan

decision-making adj ra quy t đ nh

derive from v thu đ c t

docks n b n tàu

earn one’s living expr ki m s ng

either…… or conj ho c…ho c

essential adj quan tr ng, thi t y u

export manager n tr ng phòng xu t kh u

exports n hàng xu t kh u farm n trang tr i freight forwarder n đ i lý, (hãng, ng i) chuy n hàng given adj nh t đ nh

goods n hàng hoá handle v x lý, buôn bán

household n h gia đình

in order to prep đ

in turn adv l n l t

interdependent adj ph thu c l n nhau

junior accounts clerk n nhân viên k toán t p s

like conj nh , gi ng nh

loan n vay maintain v duy trì, b o d ng

maize n ngô make up v t o nên, t o thành

memorandum n b n ghi nh

minerals n khoáng s n, khoáng ch t natural adj thu c t nhiên

nature n b n ch t, t nhiên

non- agricultural adj không thu c nông nghi p

person Friday n nhân viên v n phòng

photocopier n máy sao ch p

Exercise 1: Read the following passage and do the exercises

Competitive market capitalism contains two major decision-making units whose actions are coordinated through market exchange The first is the business firm, which buys resources from

households and transforms resource inputs into outputs of products and services that it sells to

households The second is the household, which owns and sells resources to firms and purchases

outputs from them

The two kinds of market relations, as well as the two basic units of economic making, are interdependent The demand for resource inputs is derived from the demand for final products because firms produce to sell (at a profit) to consumers Resource inputs, in turn, are required to create outputs Consumers are able and willing to purchase products because they

decesion-have incomes Consumers obtain income through the sale or loan of their resource to firms, who

in turn organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs from these outputs

Competitive market captalism is based on some basic assumptions One assumption is that both firms and households desire to maximize their economic well-being through market

exchange Business firms are assumed to pursue profit maximization and households try to maximize utility or satisfaction Both try to buy at the lowest possible price (for a given quality of goods) and to sell at the highest possible price The other major assumption is that markets are

competitive, which means there are many buyers and sellers, products are substituable, buyers and

sellers have a lot of knowledge of the market and resources are able to move freely between users

Exercise 1.1: Answer the following questions based on the above text

1 What are the two majors decision-making units which market capitalism contains?

Exercise 1.2: Read the text again and decide these statements are true (T) or false (F)

1 Business firms and households are independent of eachother

2 Firms and households are boh buyers and sellers

3 Demand for the products of a firm depend on the demand for the resources

4 Knowledge of the market is not necessary for a competitive market

5 Households organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs

Exercise 1.3: Read the text again and try to find out these relative pronouns in italic stand

for which words in the text

1 Whose (paragraph 1): ………

2 Which (paragraph 1): ………

3 Which (paragraph 1): ………

4 Who (paragraph 2): ………

5 Which (paragraph 3): ………

Exercise 2: Read the text and answer the following questions

Economics is a science This science is based upon on the facts of our everyday lives Economists study our everyday lives They study the system which affects our lives The economists try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live He tries to explain how the system works His method should be objective and scientific We need food, clothes and shelter

If we could get food, clothes and shelter without working, we probably would not work But even when we have these essential things, we may want other things If we had them, these other things (like radios, books and toys for the children) might make life more enjoyable The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs and wants It is not just concerned with basic needs like food, clothes and shelter

Exercise 4: Put the right word in the banks in these sentences

Economy, economics, economic, economical, economically, economists

1 Marx and Keynes are two famous ………

2 Those people are studying the science of ………

3 We sometimes call a person’s work his ……… activity

4 People should be very ……… with the money they earn

5 The economic system of a country is usually called the national ………

6 The people in that town live very………

Exercise 5: Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F), and

if they are false say why

The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part They try to describe the facts of our economy in which we live, and explain how it all works The economist’s methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific

We need food, clothes and shelter We probably would not go to work if we could satisfy these basic needs without working But even when we have satisfied such basic needs, we may still want other things Our lives may be more enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books and toys for the children Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs: it is concerned with the desire

to have a radio as well as the basic necessity of having enough food to eat

1 Economics is a scientific study

………

2 Economists try to understand only part of the economic system

Exercise 7:Combine these pair of sentences, using which

Example: That is the garage In that garage the new car is kept

That is the garage in which the new car is kept

1 Economics is a science In that science everything must be studied in an objective way

………

2 The USSR has a system In that system central planning is very important

………

3 The USA has an economy In that economy gevernment planning is limitted to quite a small area

M t s ng i cung c p hàng hoá, m t s cung c p d ch v M t s khác cung c p c hàng hoá và d ch v Ví d , trong cùng m t garage, ng i ta c ng có th mua ô tô ho c c ng có th mua m t d ch v nào đ y đ b o d ng ô tô

Công vi c con ng i làm đ c g i là ho t đ ng kinh t Các ho t đ ng kinh t t o nên h

th ng kinh t H th ng kinh t là t ng cái con ng i làm ra và nh ng cái h c n Công vi c con

ng i làm ho c đ cung c p nh ng cái h c n ho c đ ki m ti n

Con ng i dùng ti n đ mua nh ng hàng hoá c n thi t

Exercise 1

1 Most people work in order to earn their living

2 They produce goods and services

3 Goods are produced either on farms or in factories

4 They provide services

5 A man can buy a car or a service which helps him to maintain his car

6 The work which people do is called their economic activity

7 An economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what people want

8 Work can provide either what they need or money

Exercise 2

1 He may buy a car

2 We may want some more fruit tomorrow

3 They may get the essential commodities soon

4 The service may stop next month

5 The garage may not sell that car to him

6 The economic system may belong to a city, a whole country or the whole world

7 The car may not belong to those people

8 He may buy some service which will help him maintain his car

9 He may see the car when he comes tomorrow

10 He may provide what they need when he comes

b The schools and hospitals are essential.which they provide are essential

c The goods which he buys are valuable

d The money which people can earn buys essential commodities

e The goods and services which people produce are very useful

f The work which we do is called economic activity

g The work which people do provides them with money

h The economic activities which people undertake make up the economic system

Exercise 2

a I saw the man who closed the door

b The girl who won the the race is happy

c The student who sits next to me is from China

d The students who sit in the front row are from China

e We are studying sentences which (that) contains an adjective clause

f I am using a sentence which (that) contains an adjective clause

g Algebra problems contain letters which (that) stand for unknown numbers

h The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly

Exercise 3

a I appologized to the woman whose coffee i spilled

b The man whose wallet was stolen called the police

c I met the woman whose husband is the presidents of the corporation

d The professor whose course I am taking is excellent

e Mr North teaches a class for students whose native language is not English

f I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years

g The people whose house we visited were nice

h I live in a dormitory whose residents come from many country

i I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidently picked up after the meeting

j The man whose beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette poured a glass of water on his face

Structure 2

Exercise 1

H u h t con ng i làm vi c đ ki m s ng, s n xu t ra các hàng hoá và d ch v Hàng hoá có

th là hàng nông nghi p nh ngô, s a ho c đ c s n xu t nh ô tô và gi y Các d ch v nh giáo

d c, y t và th ng m i M t s ng i cung c p hàng hoá; m t s cung c p d ch v M t s khác cung c p c hàng hoá và d ch v Ví d trong cùng m t garage ng i ta có th mua ô tô ho c

d ch v b o d ng xe

Công vi c con ng i làm đ c g i là ho t đ ng kinh t T t c các ho t đ ng kinh t t o thành h th ng kinh t c a m t th tr n, thành ph , m t qu c gia ho c th gi i H th ng kinh t là

t ng th nh ng cái con ng i làm ra và nh ng cái con ng i c n Công vi c con ng i làm ho c

đ cung c p nh ng cái h c n ho c đ ki m ti n mua nh ng hàng hoá c n thi t T t nhiên, h u h t con ng i đ u mong mu n ki m đ c đ ti n đ mua các hàng hoá và d ch v không ph i là thi t

y u nh ng đ tho mãn mong mu n cá nhân đ c bi t nào đó nh đ ch i cho tr em, đi xem chi u bóng

a The goods that they wanted were essential minerals

b The schools and hospitals that they provide are essential

c The goods that he buys are valuable

d The money that the people earned bought many commodities

e The goods and services that people produce are very useful

f The work that we all do is call economic activity

g The work that most people do provides them with money

h The economic activities that people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area

i The economic system that people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions

j The work that he undertook was useful but non-essential

Exercise 2.2

a The goods they wanted were essential minerals

b The schools and hospitals they provide are essential

c The goods he buys are valuable

d The money the people earned bought many commodities

e The goods and services people produce are very useful

f The work we all do is call economic activity

g The work most people do provides them with money

h The economic activities people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area

i The economic system people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions

j The work he undertook was useful but non-essential

Listening: Introducing Transworld

Exercise 1

1- f, h 2 – a, d, k 3 – l, p 4 – g 5 – b, e, j, m 6 – c, i, n 7 - o

AB: Hello You’re the new accounts clerk, aren’t you? My name’s Anne Bell I do most of the secretarial work in the office

DT: Pleased to meet you, Miss Bell I’m David Thompson

AB: Please call me Anne

DT: And I’m David

AB: Have you met anyone else yet?

DT: Only Liz, who works in the accounts department with me Who is everyone?

AB: Well, the good - looking one over there, the one drinking now, is Kevin Hughes He handles the exports

DT: Who’s he talking to?

AB: That’s Jane Long She arranges all our airfreight The young man sitting at the table is Nick Damson

DT: The one eating a sandwich?

AB: That’s right

DT: What does he do?

AB: He spends a lot of time at the docks and the airport He handles all the customs documentation

DT: Oh, so Transworld documentation as well as transportation?

AB: Oh yes And a lot of other things

DT: And then I send the customers their bills

AB: Yes Come over here and let me introduce you to Sandra Parr Sandra, this David Thompson David, this Sandra

DT: Oh, just the person I need Could you show me how to work the photocopier please?

SP: Certainly I’ll show you straight after lunch

Laboratory drills tapescript

P: Do R: Did Now you try

P: Handle P: Work R: Handled R: Worked P: Talked P: Take

R: Talked R: Took P: Spend P: Sit R: Spent R: Sat P: Deal P: Welcome R: Dealt P: Welcomed P: Introduce P: Eat

R: Introduced P: Ate P: Drink P: Arrange R: Drank R: Arranged P: Send P: Type R: Sent R: Typed

Drill 2A Listen to these statements and ask for more information, like this:

P: Nick’s sitting at a table

R: Oh? What’s he doing exactly?

P: He’s typing a letter Sandra works in reception

R: Oh? What does she do exactly?

P: Oh, she welcomes visitors

Now you try P: Kevin works in the export

department

R: Oh? What does she do exactly?

R: Oh, What does he do

exactly?

P: She handles all the airfreight And this is David, who’s dealing with customers’ accounts

R: Oh? What’s she doing

exactly?

P: I think he’s sending out invoices What are you doing, David?

P: I think she’s just talking to

him He spends lot of time at

the airport

Drill 2B Talk about people’s jobs Say these sentences in the present simple tense, like this:

P: She handled airfreight

R: She handles airfreight

Now you try

P: We worked for Transworld P: They took shorthand

R: We work for Transworld R: They take shorthand

P: I dealt with customers’

accounts

P: He did the filling

R: I deal with customers’

accounts

R: He does the filling

P: She typed letters P: He arranged exports

R: She types letters R: He arranges exports

Drill 2C Talk about what people are doing now Say these sentences in the present

progressive tense, like this:

P: He sat at a table P: He did the filling

R: At the moment she’s welcoming David

R: At the moment he’s doing the filling

P: He talked to Jane P: He ate a sandwich

R: At the moment she’s typing a letter

P: At the moment he’s eating a sandwich

Exercise 3 3 AELZ 4 XMPG 5 UVTT 6 IHYR 7 GGCB 8 VTWE 9 DIUF 10 ENQS

11 OKJG 12 WUUW

Drill 3 Spell these words, like this:

P: Customs

Drill 4A Reply to these requests, like this:

P: Could you send a price list

please?

Now you try

R: I’ll send it at once P: Could you reply as soon as possible please?

R: I’ll ring him at once

Drill 4B Make requests, like this:

P: Send a price list P: Type the memo

R: Could you send a price list please?

R: Could you type the memo please?

Now you try P: File the correspondence

P: Reply as soon as possible R: Could you file the correspondence please? R: Could you reply as soon

as possible please?

P: Answer the letter

P: Ring Mr Andrews R: Could you answer the letter please?

R: Could you ring Mr

Andrews please?

Exercise 5

1-good morning 2-advert 3- I’d like 4- job 5- Could you

6- a bit more 7- the job and company 8- pay 9- I’ll expect to hear

10- soon 11- Goodbye

Consolidation exercises

Exercise 1.1

1 The business firm and the household

2 They are coordinated through market exchange

3 Households

4 The demand for final products

5 They transform resourse inputs into outputs of products and services

6 They get money from the sale or loan of their resourse to firms

7 They maximize their economic well-being: Business firms maximize their profit and hoseholds maximize their utility or satisfaction

8 It means that there are many buyers and sellers, products are substituable, buyers and sellers have a lot of knowledge of the market and resources are able to move freely between users

1 Two major decision-making units

2 The business firm

2 The facts of our everyday lives

3 Our everyday lives and the system which affects our lives

4 Describe the facts of the economy in which we live

5 How the system works

6 It should be objective scientific

7 Food, clothes and shelter

8 We probably would not work

9 Non-essential things like radios, books and toys for children

10 All our material needs and wants

Exercise 3

Kinh t h c là m t môn khoa h c Khoa h c này đ c d a trên nh ng s ki n (gi thi t) trong cu c s ng hàng ngày c a chúng ta Các nhà kinh t h c nghiên c u cu c s ng hàng ngày

c a chúng ta H nghiên c u h th ng có nh h ng đ n cu c s ng c a chúng ta Các nhà kinh t

h c c g ng gi i thích h th ng này ho t đ ng nh th nào Ph ng pháp nghiên c u v a ph i khách quan v a ph i mang tính khoa h c Chúng ta c n l ng th c, qu n áo và ch N u chúng

ta có th có l ng th c, qu n áo và ch mà không c n làm vi c thì có th chúng ta s không làm

vi c n a Nh ng th m chí c khi chúng ta có đ c nh ng th c n thi t, chúng ta v n mu n có thêm nh ng th khác N u chúng ta có nh ng th đó nh rađio, sách và đ ch i cho b n tr thì

cu c s ng c a chúng ta s thú v h n Khoa h c kinh t có liên quan đ n t t c nh ng nhu c u v

v t ch t và mong mu n c a chúng ta Nó không ch liên quan đ n nh ng nhu c u c b n nh

1 F/ because it is not only a scientific but also an objective study

2 F/ because they try to understand the whole economic system of which we are part

3 F/ we probably would not go to work

4 F/ because they are only things that make our lives more enjoyable

5 T

6 F/ They are non-essential human needs

7 F/ They are scientific

8 T

Exercise 6

Khoa h c kinh t d a trên nh ng s ki n (gi thi t) trong cu c s ng hàng ngày c a chúng

ta Các nhà kinh t h c nghiên c u cu c s ng hàng ngày c a chúng ta và cu c s ng chung c a các

c ng đ ng đ hi u đ c toàn b n n kinh t mà trong đó chúng ta ch là m t b ph n H c g ng miêu t các s ki n c a n n kinh t mà chúng ta đang s ng trong đó và gi i thích h th ng đó ho t

đ ng nh th nào T t nhiên ph ng pháp nghiên c u c a các nhà kinh t h c ph i th t khách quan và mang tính khoa h c Chúng ta c n l ng th c, qu n áo và ch Có th chúng ta s không đi làm n u chúng ta có th tho mãn đ c nh ng nhu c u c b n mà không c n ph i làm

vi c Nh ng th m chí c khi chúng ta đã tho mãn đ c nh ng nhu c u c b n đó có th chúng ta

1 Economics is a science in which everything must be studied in an objective way

2 The USSR has a system in which central planning is very important

3 The USA has an economy in which gevernment planning is limitted to quite a small area

4 Marxism proposes a special economic system in which collective needs are more important than individual needs

5 The British have a certain way of life in which private enterprise and private ownership

of property are very important

6 The Americans and the British have separate ideologies in which there are similar points

UNIT 2: DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

I INTRODUCTION

Bài 2 đ c b c c theo trình t nh bài 1 g m có: m c đích, bài đ c 1, ph n th c hành ngôn ng , bài đ c 2, bài luy n nghe, tóm t t n i dung bài h c, b ng t v ng, ph n bài t p và đáp

án cho t t c các bài t p c a Unit

Bài 2 gi i thi u v các h th ng kinh t khác nhau nh h th ng kinh t c a M , h th ng kinh t c a Nga và h th ng kinh t c a Anh

II UNIT OBJECTIVES

Bài h c này bao g m các m c đích sau:

- T v ng có liên quan đ n l nh v c các h th ng kinh t khác nhau

Not all economic systems are the same

The economic system of the United States is very different from the economic system of the USSR The American system is based on private enterprise The Russian system is based on the principle of Karl Marx Karl Marx is a political economist who lived in the 19th century The American system is capitalistic, while the Russian system is communistic

The economic ideologies of these two nations differ very much from each other The economic system of Britain is similar to the American system Britain has the economic system based on private enterprise and private supplies of capitals Property in Britain and the United States can be owned by individual citizens The economic freedom of the citizens of Britain and America is not complete freedom Citizens must obey the law, but otherwise they can use their time, money and effort as they wish

Exercise 1: Answer these questions, basing your answers on the text

1 What does the economic system of the United States differ from?

Phía d i g m có 2 c t: c t A bao g m các tính t , c t B bao g m các danh t và c m danh

t B n hãy ghép m t tính t v i m t danh t ho c c m danh t đ t o thành c m t m i có liên quan đ n bài đ c trên Hai ví d đ u tiên đã đ c làm m u

2 LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Trong ph n th c hành ngôn ng , b n ôn l i v câu ch đ ng và câu b đ ng (lo i câu này đã

đ c trình bày k trong cu n sách ti ng Anh A2), và cách t o t m i b ng cách thêm các h u t

1 Description: the use of active and passive

Look at these two sentences:

A The national economy is affected by these conditions

B These conditions affects the national economy

Trong 2 ví d trên thì c câu A và câu B đ u đúng Vi c l a ch n câu A hay câu B tu thu c

vào vi c b n mu n nh n m nh vào cái gì N u b n mu n nh n m nh vào “national economy” thì

ch n câu A, và n u nh n m nh vào “these conditions” thì ch n câu B

B n hãy xem thêm 2 ví d ti p theo đây:

C The economic system was based on Marx (by them)

D They based the economic system on Marx

Trong 2 ví d sau thì vi c s d ng câu C t t h n câu D vì ch ng “they” không cung c p

thêm thông tin gì mà th c t ch làm cho câu khó hi u h n

Exercise 1

Chuy n các câu sau sang câu b đ ng theo nh ví d m u d i đây

Example: They based the economic system on Marx

The economic system was based on Marx (by them)

The economic system was based on Marx

a They provided all necessary goods and services