Đề kiểm tra đầu năm lớp 12 môn hóa học – trường THPT hùng vương

KIM TRA U NM LP 12T MễN: HểA HC Trng THPT Hựng Vng Thi gian lm bi:90 phỳt; thi gm 50 cõu trc nghim H, tờn thớ sinh: S bỏo danh: Cõu 1: Axit cacboxylic no di õy cú mch cacbon phõn nhỏnh, lm mt mu dung dch brom? A Axit 2-metylpropanoic B Axit acrylic C Axit metacrylic D Axit propanoic Cõu 2: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (cú cựng s nguyờn t cacbon) t chỏy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O Phn trm s mol ca anehit hn hp M l A 40% B 50% C 30% D 20% Cõu 3: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit ú vi kim loi km cú tng lng l 15,8 gam Tờn ca axit trờn l A axit butanoic Cõu 4: , , B axit propanoic C axit metanoic D axit etanoic , T l anehit no h n chc ng ng liờn ti p, ú M T = 2,4MX t chỏy hon ton 0,1 mol ri hp th h t s n ph m chỏy vo b nh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy lng dung dch tng hay gi m bao nhiờu gam A tng 18,6 gam B tng 13,2 gam C i m 11,4 gam D i m 30 gam Cõu 5: Tng s cht h u c mch h , cú cựng c ng thc phõn t C 2H4O2 l A B C D Cõu 6: Cú bao nhiờu ph n ng cú th x y gi a axit formic vi cỏc cht sau KOH, NH3, H2O, CaO, Mg, Cu, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, CH3OH, C6H5OH A.6 B C D Cõu 7: , , l cỏc hp cht mch h , bn cú cựng c ng thc phõn t C3H6O c vi Na v kh ng cú ph n ng bc bc, tỏc d ng kh ng tỏc d ng vi Na nhng cú ph n ng kh ng tỏc d ng c vi Na v kh ng cú ph n ng bc Cỏc cht , , ln lt l: A CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO B CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3 C CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH D CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH Cõu 8: Hn hp gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic Khi cho m gam tỏc d ng vi NaHCO3 (d) th thu c 15,68 lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) Mt khỏc, t chỏy hon ton m gam cn 8,96 lớt khớ O2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O A 0,6 B 0,2 C 0,3 iỏ tr ca y l D 0,8 Cõu 9: Chia 20,8 gam hn hp gm hai anehit n chc l ng ng k ti p thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn mt tỏc d ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 NH3 un núng, thu c 108 gam Ag Phn hai tỏc d ng hon ton vi H2 d (xỳc tỏc Ni, t0), thu c hn hp Y v Z (MY < MZ) un núng vi H2SO4 c Bi t hiu sut ph n ng to ete ca Hiu sut ph n ng to ete ca A 50% B 60% gm hai ancol 140 C, thu c 4,52 gam hn hp ba ete bng 50% bng C 30% D 40% Cõu 10: Axit cacboxylic A cú c ng thc n gi n nht l C3H4O3 A cú c ng thc phõn t l A C6H8O6 B C3H4O3 C C12H16O12 D C18H24O18 Cõu 11: Th tớch H2 (0oC v atm) va tỏc d ng vi 11,2 gam anehit acrylic l A 0,448 lớt B 0,336 lớt C 2,24 lớt D 4,48 lớt Cõu 12: A l hp cht cú c ng thc phõn t C7H8O2 A tỏc d ng vi Na d cho s mol H2 bay bng s mol NaOH cn dựng trung h a c ng lng A trờn Ch c ng thc cu to thu gn ca A C6H7COOH B HOC6H4CH2OH Cõu 13: Hn hp hn ca C CH3OC6H4OH gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h ) t chỏy hon ton a mol cho a mol v (phõn t ca nh , sau ph n ng thu c a mol H2O Mt khỏc, n u tỏc d ng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO3, th thu c 1,6a mol CO2 Thnh phn % theo lng ca A 40,00% D CH3C6H3(OH)2 B 25,41% l C 46,67% Cõu 14: Trung h a 10,4 gam axit cacboxylic mui C ng thc ca D 74,59% bng dung dch NaOH, thu c 14,8 gam l Cõu 15: t chỏy hon ton anehit , thu c th tớch khớ CO2 bng th tớch hi nc (trong cựng iu kin nhit , ỏp sut) Khi cho 0,01 mol dung dch AgNO3 NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag A anehit no, mch h , hai chc tỏc d ng vi mt lng d l B anehit fomic C anehit axetic D anehit kh ng no, mch h , hai chc Cõu 16: Cú hai axit h u c no, ú A n chc, c n B a chc Hn hp t chỏy hon ton 0,3mol hn hp thu c 11,2lớt khớ CO2 cha A v B, ktc C ng thc phõn t ca A l: A CH3COOH B HCOOH C C2H5COOH D C2H3COOH Cõu 17: un núng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (cú H2SO4 lm xỳc tỏc, hiu sut ph n ng este hoỏ bng 50%) Khi lng este to thnh l A 4,4 gam B 5,2 gam C 6,0 gam D 8,8 gam Cõu 18: Hn hp A gm hai ankanal , cú tng s mol l 0,25mol Khi cho hn hp A tỏc d ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th to 86,4g k t ta v lng dung dch gi m 77,5g Bi t MX < MY C ng thc phõn t ca l: A C2H3CHO D C2H5CHO B HCHO C CH3CHO Cõu 19: t chỏy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u cú mt liờn k t i C=C phõn t, thu c V lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) v y mol H2O Biu thc liờn h gi a cỏc giỏ tr x, y v V l Cõu 20: t chỏy hon ton 13,36 gam hn hp gm axit metacrylic(CH2=C(CH3)COOH), axit aipic(C4H8(COOH)2), axit axetic v glixerol (trong ú s mol axit metacrylic bng s mol axit axetic) bng O2 d, thu c hn hp gm khớ v hi Dn 0,38 mol Ba(OH)2 , thu c 49,25 gam k t ta v dung dch k t ta Cho 13,36 gam hn hp vo dung dch cha un núng li xut hin tỏc d ng vi 140 ml dung dch KOH 1M, sau cỏc ph n ng x y hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan cú lng l A 13,32 gam Cõu 21: B 18,68 gam C 14,44 gam D 19,04 gam l hn hp anehit n chc Chia 0,12 mol thnh hai phn bng : t chỏy h t phn c 6,16 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O Cho phn tỏc d ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c 17,28 gam bc gm anehit cú c ng thc phõn t l A CH2O v C4H6O B CH2O v C3H6O C CH2O v C3H4O D CH2O v C2H4O Cõu 22: Anehit axetic th hin tớnh oxi ph n ng no sau õy Cõu 23: t chỏy hon ton mt anehit n chc no, mch h A cn 17,92 lớt O2 (ktc) Hp th h t s n ph m chỏy vo nc v i c 40 gam k t ta v dung dch núng dung dch A C3H6O un li cú 10 gam k t ta n a C ng thc phõn t A l B C2H4O C C4H8O D CH2O Cõu 24: Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc v (phõn t ca nh hn ca ) l ng ng k ti p thnh hai phn bng nhau: t chỏy hon ton phn thu c 5,6 lớt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O un núng phn vi H2SO4 c 140oC to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete Hoỏ hi hon ton hn hp ba ete trờn, thu c th tớch hi bng th tớch ca 0,42 gam N2 (trong cựng iu kin nhit , ỏp sut) Hiu sut ph n ng to ete ca A 20% v 40% , ln lt l B 40% v 20% C 25% v 35% D 30% v 30% Cõu 25: Cho phenol (C6H5OH) ln lt tỏc d ng vi (CH3CO)2O v cỏc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, Br2, HNO3, CH3COOH S trng hp x y ph n ng l A B C D Cõu 26: Trung h a 3,88 gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau ph n ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan N u t chỏy hon ton 3,88 gam A 2,24 lớt B 4,48 lớt C 3,36 lớt th th tớch oxi (ktc) cn dựng l D 1,12 lớt Cõu 27: Cho 15,8g hn hp gm CH3OH v C6H5OH tỏc d ng vi dung dch brom d, th lm mt mu va h t 48g Br2 N u t chỏy hon ton hn hp trờn th th tớch CO2 thu c ktc l: A 1,792lớt B 11,2lớt C 22,4lớt D 17,92lớt Cõu 28: S ng phõn xeton ng vi c ng thc phõn t C5H10O l A B C D Cõu 29: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc v axit cacboxylic n chc , u mch h v cú cựng s nguyờn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca mol ca ln hn s ) N u t chỏy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O Mt khỏc, n u un núng M vi H2SO4 c th c hin ph n ng este hoỏ (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l A 34,20 B 18,24 C 27,36 D 22,80 Cõu 30: hiro hoỏ hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp gm hai anehit cú lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lớt H2 (ktc) Mt khỏc, cho c ng lng trờn ph n ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 NH3 thỡ thu c 8,64 gam Ag C ng thc cu to ca hai anehit X l A OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO B CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO C H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO D CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO Cõu 31: t chỏy hon ton axit cacboxylic A bng lng va oxi c hn hp (khớ v hi) cú t so vi H2 l 15,5 A l axit A n chc no, mch h B n chc cú ni i (C = C), mch h C a chc no, mch h D axit no,mch h , hai chc, Cõu 32: Cho 0,94 gam hn hp hai anehit n chc, no l ng ng liờn ti p tỏc d ng h t vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag ( Ag = 108, N = 14, O = 16, H = 1) C ng thc phõn t ca anehit l: A CH3CHO v C2H5CHO B C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO C CH3CHO v HCHO D C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cõu 33: Cho gam cht A cú CTPT C4H6O tỏc d ng vi H2 d cú xỳc tỏc to thnh 5,92 gam ancol isobutylic Tờn ca A l A 2-metyl propenal B 2-metylpropanal C but-2-en-1-ol D but-2-en-1-al Cõu 34: Cho 10,90 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic v axit propionic ph n ng hon ton vi Na thoỏt 1,68 lớt khớ (ktc) N u cho hn hp trờn tham gia ph n ng cng H2 hon ton th lng s n ph m cui cựng l A 7,4 gam Cõu 35: B 11,1 gam C 11,2 gam D 11,0 gam l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h , phõn t u cú s nguyờn t C nh hn 4), cú t so vi heli l 4,7 un núng mol c hn hp cú t hi so vi heli l 9,4 Thu ly ton b cỏc ancol d ng vi Na (d), c V lớt H2 (ktc) A 5,6 B 13,44 C 11,2 gam Ag Hiro húa hon ton A CH2O ri cho tỏc iỏ tr ln nht ca V l D 22,4 Cõu 36: Cho 0,1 mol mt anehit 12 gam rn (xỳc tỏc Ni), tỏc d ng h t vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) c 43,2 c Bi t 0,1 mol tỏc d ng va vi Na va c cú c ng thc phõn t l B C2H2O2 C C4H6O D C3H4O2 Cõu 37: Cho anehit no, mch h , cú c ng thc CnHmO2 Mi quan h gi a n vi m l A m = 2n B m = 2n +1 C m = 2n + D m = 2n Cõu 38: Cho 19,8 gam mt anehit n chc A ph n ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) ng Ag sinh ph n ng h t vi dung dch HNO3 lo ng c 6,72 lớt NO ktc A cú c ng thc phõn t l A C3H6O B C2H4O C C3H4O D C4H8O Cõu 39: H a tan 26,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo nc c dung dch Chia thnh hai phn bng Cho phn ph n ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi trung h a hon ton phn cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M C ng thc ca hai axit ú l A HCOOH, C2H5COOH B CH3COOH, C2H5COOH C CH3COOH, C3H7COOH D HCOOH, C3H7COOH Cõu 40: Cho 3,15 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit propionic va lm mt mu hon ton dung dch cha 3,2 gam brom trung h an ton 3,15 gam hn hp cn 90 ml dd NaOH 0,5M Thnh phn phn trm lng ca axit axetic hn hp l A 35,24% B 45,71% C 19,05% D 23,49% Cõu 41: Húa hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc (s mol v mt axit no a chc ln hn s mol ), thu c mt th tớch hi bng th tớch ca 5,6 gam N (o cựng iu kin nhit , ỏp sut) N u t chỏy ton b hn hp hai axit trờn th thu c 10,752 lớt CO2 (ktc) C ng thc cu to ca , ln lt l: A H-COOH v HOOC-COOH B CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH C CH3-CH2-COOH v HOOC-COOH D CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH Cõu 42: Đun n ng 18,4 gam ru etylic với 13,5 gam axit oxalic(xt) đến phản ứng đạt tới trạng thái cân bằng, thu c 14,6 gam este.Hiệu suất phản ứng este hoá là: A 25% B 50% C 66,67% Cõu 43: l hn hp gm phenol v metanol t chỏy hon ton V y % lng metanol A 59,5% B 20% D 76,67% c nCO = nH2O l C 50,5% D 25% Cõu 44: un núng mt hn hp gm mt ancol b c III v mt ancol b c I u thuc loi ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c, 140oC th thu c 5,4 gam H2O v 26,4 gam hn hp ete, gi s cỏc ph n ng x y hon ton v ete hn hp cú s mol bng C ng thc ca hai ancol l A (C2H5)3C-OH v CH3-OH B (CH3)2C-OH v CH3CH2-OH C (CH3)3C-OH v CH3-OH D (CH3)3C-OH v CH3CH2-OH Cõu 45: Hn hp gm axit axetic, propan-2-ol Cho mt lng thu c 0,448 lớt khớ H2 (ktc) v m gam cht rn A 3,28 B 2,40 C 2,36 ph n ng va vi Na, iỏ tr ca m l D 3,32 Cõu 46: D y cht no sau õy gm cỏc cht lm mt mu dung dch nc brom A Etanal, axit fomic, etyl fomat B Propanal, axit fomic, etyl axetat C Etanal, propanon, etyl fomat D Axeton, axit fomic, fomanehit Cõu 47: Khi oxi hoỏ khụng hon ton 4,4 gam mt anehit th thu c gam axit cacboxylic tng ng C ng thc ca anehit l A HCHO B CH3CHO C C2H5CHO D C2H3CHO Cõu 48: Hn hp ( ) gm metanal v etanal Khi oxi húa (hiu sut 100%) m (g) hn hp ( ) thu c hn hp ( ) gm hai axit h u c tng ng, cú t hi ca hn hp hn hp so vi bng x iỏ tr x kho ng no A 1,45 < x < 1,53 B 1,62 < x < 1,53 C 1,36 < x < 1,53 D 1,36 < x < 1,47 Cõu 49: Oxi hoỏ h t 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO Cho ton b lng anehit trờn tỏc d ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag Hai ancol l : A CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH B C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH C CH3OH, C2H5OH D C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH Cõu 50: Th t sp x p theo s tng dn tớnh axit ca CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CO2 v C6H5OH l A C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH B CH3COOH < C6H5OH C C2H5OH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH D C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 HT -